Incidence and Surgical Management of Incidence and Surgical Management of Some Neoplasms in Ruminants Some Neoplasms in Ruminants

ByBy Gamal, I.A.Karrouf Gamal, I.A.Karrouf

Dept .of Surgery, Anesthesiology & Dept .of Surgery, Anesthesiology & Radiology. Fac. Vet. Med., Mansoura Radiology. Fac. Vet. Med., Mansoura

UniversityUniversity

In the present study, 65 cases of benign and malignant In the present study, 65 cases of benign and malignant neoplasms were described grossly, histopathologically and neoplasms were described grossly, histopathologically and surgically treated among examined ruminants in different surgically treated among examined ruminants in different localities of Dakahlia Province during field training trips localities of Dakahlia Province during field training trips beside cases admitted to Surgery Clinic of the Mansoura beside cases admitted to Surgery Clinic of the Mansoura Veterinary teaching hospital, Fac. Vet. Med., Mansoura Veterinary teaching hospital, Fac. Vet. Med., Mansoura University during 3 years period (2003-2006). The affected University during 3 years period (2003-2006). The affected animals were subjected to full-informed history, physical and animals were subjected to full-informed history, physical and clinical examination. Prevalent data such as animal's age, clinical examination. Prevalent data such as animal's age, breeds, sex and anatomical locations of the tumors as well breeds, sex and anatomical locations of the tumors as well as description of the lesions were reported. In addition to as description of the lesions were reported. In addition to confirmative histopatholgical examinations were performed. confirmative histopatholgical examinations were performed. The operated cases were followed up for 4-6 months for The operated cases were followed up for 4-6 months for evaluation the rate of recovery or recurrence.evaluation the rate of recovery or recurrence.

The encountered neoplasm were 2-fibromas, a The encountered neoplasm were 2-fibromas, a fibromatous epulis,a fibroadenoma, 4-fibropapillomas fibromatous epulis,a fibroadenoma, 4-fibropapillomas 25- cutaneous papillomas, 8-keratoacanthomas, 2-25- cutaneous papillomas, 8-keratoacanthomas, 2-fibrosarcomas, 21-squmous cell carcinomas and a fibrosarcomas, 21-squmous cell carcinomas and a lymphosareoma.lymphosareoma.

IntroductionIntroduction

• Neoplasms of the skin and subcutaneous tissue are one of the most frequently encountered tumours in domestic animals. They are ectodermal, mesodermal or melanocytic ( Cotchin,1984 ;Pulley & Stannard,1990 and Yager&Scott, 1993 ) .

Tumour involves gingiva at the dental Tumour involves gingiva at the dental border or interdentally means epulis. The border or interdentally means epulis. The growth is usually seen as longitudinal hard growth is usually seen as longitudinal hard mass almost parallel to the cheek teeth. mass almost parallel to the cheek teeth. Lower gingiva is usually involved. The tumour Lower gingiva is usually involved. The tumour has been recorded in cattle, buffalo and has been recorded in cattle, buffalo and camels. The growth could be removed under camels. The growth could be removed under general anesthesia by a thorough dissection. general anesthesia by a thorough dissection. The diffuse bleeding is controlled by packing The diffuse bleeding is controlled by packing and cauterizationand cauterization ( Ramadan &El-Hassan, ( Ramadan &El-Hassan, 1980 ; Behery et al., 2001 and Berbish et 1980 ; Behery et al., 2001 and Berbish et al .,2001)al .,2001)

Neoplasms of the mammary Neoplasms of the mammary gland are extremely uncommon gland are extremely uncommon in large animals. Out of 1339 in large animals. Out of 1339 neoplasms reported from the four neoplasms reported from the four common domestic species, only common domestic species, only seven mares and one cow are seven mares and one cow are affected with mammary tumouraffected with mammary tumour (Priester & Mckay, 1980 & (Priester & Mckay, 1980 & Beamer & Simon, 1983)Beamer & Simon, 1983)

Fibropapilloma is the most common Fibropapilloma is the most common penile or preputial neoplasm in bull. It penile or preputial neoplasm in bull. It occurs mostly in young, sexually mature bull occurs mostly in young, sexually mature bull less than 3 years of age. The causative less than 3 years of age. The causative agent is bovine papilloma virus type 2. It agent is bovine papilloma virus type 2. It may be single or multiple up to several cm may be single or multiple up to several cm in diameter and may be interfering with in diameter and may be interfering with protrusion of the penis from the prepuce protrusion of the penis from the prepuce (Walker& Vaughan, 1980 and (Walker& Vaughan, 1980 and Stedham,1984 )Stedham,1984 ). .

The etiology of OSCC is not fully The etiology of OSCC is not fully known but several factors are reported for known but several factors are reported for development of the disease either alone or development of the disease either alone or in combination. Theses include genetic in combination. Theses include genetic predisposition, sunlight radiation, viruses, predisposition, sunlight radiation, viruses, irritation caused by dust, sand, insects and irritation caused by dust, sand, insects and chemicals-Non pigmented orbital skin act chemicals-Non pigmented orbital skin act as a risk factor as a risk factor (Russell et al., 1976; (Russell et al., 1976; Daniel & McLaughlin(1992), Hirsbrunner Daniel & McLaughlin(1992), Hirsbrunner et al.,1998 )et al.,1998 ) . .

Cutaneous papillomas (Warts) are Cutaneous papillomas (Warts) are benign neoplastic growth of the skin and benign neoplastic growth of the skin and mucous membrane; are observed world mucous membrane; are observed world wide in human and a variety of animals. wide in human and a variety of animals. They are caused by species-specific They are caused by species-specific papilloma viruses papilloma viruses (Olson, 1963). (Olson, 1963). They They occur as single or multiple growths that occur as single or multiple growths that are rough and cauliflower in are rough and cauliflower in appearance. appearance.

Ocular and periocular squamous cell Ocular and periocular squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a common locally carcinoma (OSCC) is a common locally invasive tumour of the eyes and eyelids invasive tumour of the eyes and eyelids of older cattle .Nearly all breeds are of older cattle .Nearly all breeds are susceptible; however Herford and susceptible; however Herford and Simmental breeds and their crosses are Simmental breeds and their crosses are most often affected; also seen in most often affected; also seen in Holestein-Friesian Holestein-Friesian (Daniel & McLaughlin (Daniel & McLaughlin ,1992; Willen et al.,1995 and ,1992; Willen et al.,1995 and Hirsbrunner et al., 1998)Hirsbrunner et al., 1998)

Surgical treatment of cancer eye was Surgical treatment of cancer eye was possible particularly in early stages. possible particularly in early stages. Surgical resection of the 3rd eyelid or Surgical resection of the 3rd eyelid or removal of the whole eye was resulted in removal of the whole eye was resulted in a permanent cure. However more than a permanent cure. However more than 60% of cases recur and it is not good 60% of cases recur and it is not good practice to continue to breed from treated practice to continue to breed from treated cattle or from their progeny cattle or from their progeny (Robert ,(Robert ,1984;Misk et al.,1984;Kharole et 1984;Misk et al.,1984;Kharole et al.,1996 and Crispin, 2005)al.,1996 and Crispin, 2005)..

The aim of the present studyThe aim of the present study

• The aim of the present study is to throw light on the gross and histopatholigical features of various types of neoplasms in ruminants, reporting their common types, sites of occurrence and clear out the operable cases from inoperable ones.

Materials and methodsMaterials and methods

• The present study was carried out during years 2003 to 2006 among the ruminant animals belonging to a private farm stations at Dakahlia Province and cases collected during field training trips beside those animals admitted to the surgery clinic of the Mansura teaching hospital of the Fac. of Vet. Med., Mansoura University

The general health condition, physical The general health condition, physical examination of each overgrowth including examination of each overgrowth including location, size and shape were recorded. location, size and shape were recorded. Prevalent data such as age, breeds, sex, Prevalent data such as age, breeds, sex, description of the lesions and state of the description of the lesions and state of the neighbouring superficial lymph node(s) neighbouring superficial lymph node(s) were reported. were reported.

The masses were cleaned, measured and The masses were cleaned, measured and photographed. The observed lesions were photographed. The observed lesions were surgically treated when indicated through a surgically treated when indicated through a wide surgical excision in the surrounding wide surgical excision in the surrounding healthy tissues by 1-2cm was attempted under healthy tissues by 1-2cm was attempted under the influence of xylazine (xylaject, ADWIA Co., the influence of xylazine (xylaject, ADWIA Co., A.R.E) at a dose of 0.05 mg/ kg. b.w. for large A.R.E) at a dose of 0.05 mg/ kg. b.w. for large ruminants and .1 mg/kg. b.w. for sheep ruminants and .1 mg/kg. b.w. for sheep premedicated with atropine sulfate at a dose of premedicated with atropine sulfate at a dose of 1-2 mg/ 40 kg.b.w. and local analgesia using 1-2 mg/ 40 kg.b.w. and local analgesia using Lidocaine Hcl 2% Lidocaine Hcl 2%

Treatment of cancer eye depends on Treatment of cancer eye depends on its location and degrees of involvement of its location and degrees of involvement of the ocular structure. Surgical procedure the ocular structure. Surgical procedure includes third eyelid resection or includes third eyelid resection or enucleation of the invaded entire globe enucleation of the invaded entire globe and lid margins was performed after and lid margins was performed after Weaver et al. (2005)Weaver et al. (2005) when the tumours when the tumours have spread to the extent that the eyeball have spread to the extent that the eyeball was blind and parotid or retropharyngeal was blind and parotid or retropharyngeal lymph nodes were not involved. lymph nodes were not involved.

Procedure of third eyelid Procedure of third eyelid resectionresection

The animal was tranquilized and maintained in The animal was tranquilized and maintained in standing position; analgesia was induced by local standing position; analgesia was induced by local infiltration of the base of the eyelid after instilling infiltration of the base of the eyelid after instilling topical anasthetic solution (0.5% lidocaine) into the topical anasthetic solution (0.5% lidocaine) into the conjunctival sac. The third eyelid was drawn out by conjunctival sac. The third eyelid was drawn out by traction with forceps where the eyelid was deeply traction with forceps where the eyelid was deeply excised to cartilage with curved scissors .The excised to cartilage with curved scissors .The haemorrhage was controlled with adrenaline-haemorrhage was controlled with adrenaline-soaked swab. soaked swab.

ResultsResults

In the present study 65 ruminant animals (46 In the present study 65 ruminant animals (46 cattle, 9 buffaloes and 10 sheep) of both sexes cattle, 9 buffaloes and 10 sheep) of both sexes and different age showed various types of neoplasms and different age showed various types of neoplasms of different sizes and character in different locations of different sizes and character in different locations of the animal body (Table 1) .The diagnosed of the animal body (Table 1) .The diagnosed neoplasms were 2-fibromas, a fibromatous epulis, a neoplasms were 2-fibromas, a fibromatous epulis, a fibroadenoma,4-fibropapilloma, 25-cutaneus fibroadenoma,4-fibropapilloma, 25-cutaneus papillomas, 2-fibrosarcomas, 8-keratoacanthomas, papillomas, 2-fibrosarcomas, 8-keratoacanthomas, 21 squamous cell carcinoma and a lymphosarcoma.21 squamous cell carcinoma and a lymphosarcoma.

Fibromas were detected in 3 Fibromas were detected in 3 buffaloes representing 4.6% of buffaloes representing 4.6% of the total neoplastic cases .The the total neoplastic cases .The tumor appeared as hard solitary, tumor appeared as hard solitary, painless movable swelling of 5-6 painless movable swelling of 5-6 cm in diameter with skin covering cm in diameter with skin covering and located in the ventral aspect and located in the ventral aspect of the tail baseof the tail base and at the base of and at the base of the earthe ear

Fig.(1):Fig.(1):Fibroma at the ventral aspect of the tail in 6 Fibroma at the ventral aspect of the tail in 6 years-old buffalo(c) ,during its surgical excision (D) years-old buffalo(c) ,during its surgical excision (D) and after closure of the skin incision (E). and after closure of the skin incision (E).

Fig.(2):Fig.(2):Fibroma Fibroma at the base of the at the base of the ear in 7 years-old ear in 7 years-old buffalo (a) and the buffalo (a) and the excised mass (b). excised mass (b).

A fibromatous epulis was detected in A fibromatous epulis was detected in the last buffalo which was admitted the last buffalo which was admitted with sever bloody salvation at the with sever bloody salvation at the mouth commisure (mouth commisure (Fig. 3A Fig. 3A ((Gross Gross examination of the mouth revealed examination of the mouth revealed solitary, sessile, smooth and firm pink solitary, sessile, smooth and firm pink mass of about 3-5cm in diameter mass of about 3-5cm in diameter located at the labial surface of the located at the labial surface of the dental pad dental pad ) ) Fig. 3BFig. 3B((Surgical excision Surgical excision was curative was curative ))Figs. 4A&BFigs. 4A&B((..

Fig.(3):Fig.(3):Fibromatous epuilis Fibromatous epuilis in a buffalo (A) Note, bloody in a buffalo (A) Note, bloody salivation at the mouth salivation at the mouth commisure (A)and during commisure (A)and during debulking of the neoplastic debulking of the neoplastic mass (B).mass (B).

Fig.(4):Fig.(4):The same case in The same case in fig. 3 just after removal of fig. 3 just after removal of the tumour and closure of the tumour and closure of the gum (A),The excised the gum (A),The excised mass (B) and microscopic mass (B) and microscopic picture of fibroma(c) picture of fibroma(c) showing bundles of showing bundles of elongated forming elongated forming whorl's .The fibroblast whorl's .The fibroblast were surrounded with were surrounded with collagen fibers collagen fibers (H&E.x100). (H&E.x100).

Fibroadenoma was diagnosed in 11 months Fibroadenoma was diagnosed in 11 months old buffalo heifer. The history informed old buffalo heifer. The history informed gradually enlarged swelling of orange size in gradually enlarged swelling of orange size in the caudal rear quarter .The skin still intact the caudal rear quarter .The skin still intact while the mass was single circumscribed and while the mass was single circumscribed and soft in texture (soft in texture (Fig.5Fig.5(( After surgical removal After surgical removal ,the tumor was large and about 6-8 cm in ,the tumor was large and about 6-8 cm in diameter and the cut surface of the excised diameter and the cut surface of the excised mass was solid grayish white and bulging with mass was solid grayish white and bulging with a whorl-like pattern and slit like spacea whorl-like pattern and slit like space (Fig.6e&f)(Fig.6e&f)

Fig.(5):Fig.(5): Fibroadenoma at the left rear quarter of 11 Fibroadenoma at the left rear quarter of 11 month old buffalo heifer (C) and during its careful month old buffalo heifer (C) and during its careful blunt dissection(d). blunt dissection(d).

Fig.(6Fig.(6:(:(The same case The same case in fig.5 after debulking in fig.5 after debulking the tumor and closure the tumor and closure of the skin incision (e) of the skin incision (e) and cut section of the and cut section of the excised mass was excised mass was solid greyish white and solid greyish white and bulging with a whorl-bulging with a whorl-like battern and slit like like battern and slit like space(fspace(f((

Fibropapilloma was met with in 4 animals ( a Fibropapilloma was met with in 4 animals ( a heifer &3 bulls) .The first lesion was orange heifer &3 bulls) .The first lesion was orange size ,sessile, nodular, firm in texture and rosy size ,sessile, nodular, firm in texture and rosy red in colour occluding the vaginal vestibule and red in colour occluding the vaginal vestibule and made the vulval lips elevated apartmade the vulval lips elevated apart( Fig.7a)( Fig.7a). The . The mass was debulked surgicallymass was debulked surgically( Figs.7b&8c)( Figs.7b&8c). . Complete healing of the vaginal mucous Complete healing of the vaginal mucous membrane took place within 15 days without membrane took place within 15 days without distortion of the vulval lips. Follow up the case distortion of the vulval lips. Follow up the case during a period of 6 months revealed no during a period of 6 months revealed no recurrence recurrence (Fig.8d).(Fig.8d).

Fig.(7):Fig.(7):Vaginal fibropapilloma in a heifer (a) and Vaginal fibropapilloma in a heifer (a) and during its careful blunt dissection (b). during its careful blunt dissection (b).

Fig.(8):Fig.(8):The same case in fig.7 just after closure of the The same case in fig.7 just after closure of the incision to the level of the mucous membrane(c) and after incision to the level of the mucous membrane(c) and after 4 months showing complete healing without recurrence (d) 4 months showing complete healing without recurrence (d) . .

Fig.(9):Fig.(9):Fibropapilloma Fibropapilloma of the penis of young of the penis of young Holstein bull after Holstein bull after tranquilization and tranquilization and exposure of the penile exposure of the penile mass (A&B). mass (A&B).

Fig.(10):Fig.(10):The same case in Fig.9 after surgical The same case in Fig.9 after surgical excision of the tumour (A&B) and the removed excision of the tumour (A&B) and the removed mass (C). mass (C).

Fig.(11):Fig.(11): Fibropapilloma of the Fibropapilloma of the penis in young mixed penis in young mixed breed bull after breed bull after exposure of the penile exposure of the penile mass (A&B). mass (A&B).

Fig.(12):Fig.(12):The same The same case in fig.11 after case in fig.11 after surgical excision of the surgical excision of the tumour and the excised tumour and the excised mass (B). mass (B).

Fig.(13):Fig.(13):Fibropapilloma in Fibropapilloma in a young bull A large a young bull A large lemon size swelling lemon size swelling located rostrally and located rostrally and ventraly to the medial ventraly to the medial canthus of the left eye canthus of the left eye about 10 cm caudal to the about 10 cm caudal to the nostril e(A) and during its nostril e(A) and during its careful blunt dissection careful blunt dissection (B) (B)

Fig.(14Fig.(14:(:(The same case in The same case in fig. 13 after closure of the fig. 13 after closure of the skin incision (A) and the skin incision (A) and the microscopic picture of microscopic picture of fibropapilloma (B) showing fibropapilloma (B) showing proliferation of dermal proliferation of dermal fibroblasts covered by fibroblasts covered by preplastic epithelial pegs preplastic epithelial pegs (H&E.x100 (H&E.x100

Cutaneous papillomas were recorded in Cutaneous papillomas were recorded in both cattle (21 cases) and buffaloes (4 both cattle (21 cases) and buffaloes (4 cases) representing 38.5 % of the total cases) representing 38.5 % of the total neoplastic cases and about of 95% of cases neoplastic cases and about of 95% of cases were under two years of age. They located at were under two years of age. They located at the head, neck, shoulder, brisket, teats and the head, neck, shoulder, brisket, teats and inguinal region in a bull inguinal region in a bull (Fig.15A&B)(Fig.15A&B). In . In buffalo heifers, most growths were noticed in buffalo heifers, most growths were noticed in the limbs. They were single, firm, dry, sessile the limbs. They were single, firm, dry, sessile and villous shaped masses of 1-2cm in and villous shaped masses of 1-2cm in diameter diameter (Fig.15C)(Fig.15C). .

Fig.(15):Fig.(15):Cutaneous Cutaneous papillomas distributed at papillomas distributed at the lateral aspect of the the lateral aspect of the neck and shoulders of neck and shoulders of heifer (A) ,at the inguinal heifer (A) ,at the inguinal region of young bull (B) region of young bull (B) and the legs of the and the legs of the buffalo heifer (c). buffalo heifer (c).

Fig.(16Fig.(16:(:(Cutaneous Cutaneous papillomas at the papillomas at the ventrolateral aspect ventrolateral aspect of the neck ,dewlap of the neck ,dewlap of young bull (A) of young bull (A) and the removed and the removed

Fig.(17):Fig.(17):Cutaneous papilloma Cutaneous papilloma showing papillary projection of showing papillary projection of epithelium resting in collagen epithelium resting in collagen core ,epithelium thickened by core ,epithelium thickened by hyperkeratosis and acanthosis hyperkeratosis and acanthosis (A) and the same case in fig. (A) and the same case in fig. 16 showing complete healing 16 showing complete healing without recurrence (B) . without recurrence (B) .

Intracutaneous cornifying epitheliomas Intracutaneous cornifying epitheliomas (Keratoacanthomas ) were recorded in 8 (Keratoacanthomas ) were recorded in 8 sheep of 3-4 years old. The gross sheep of 3-4 years old. The gross examination revealed single or multiple examination revealed single or multiple circumscribed, ulcerated sessile nodules of circumscribed, ulcerated sessile nodules of 3-5 cm in diameter and covered with 3-5 cm in diameter and covered with scabs. Removal of keratinized tissue scabs. Removal of keratinized tissue revealed a bleeding surface .The masses revealed a bleeding surface .The masses were grayish in colour and soft in texture were grayish in colour and soft in texture with unpleasant odour with unpleasant odour

They occurred ventral to the sternum, They occurred ventral to the sternum, bilaterally in front of the fold of the stifle jointsbilaterally in front of the fold of the stifle joints Figs.18&19Figs.18&19 and in the ventral aspect of the fatty and in the ventral aspect of the fatty tails tails Figs.20&21A&B)Figs.20&21A&B). Surgical excision was . Surgical excision was curative. Microscopically, the tumour showed curative. Microscopically, the tumour showed invaginated cyst with wall compared of whorl's invaginated cyst with wall compared of whorl's and outward projections of stratified squamous and outward projections of stratified squamous epithelium and surrounded by dialated capillaries epithelium and surrounded by dialated capillaries and numerous inflammatory cells. Keratinized and numerous inflammatory cells. Keratinized center could be seen center could be seen Fig.21CFig.21C No signs of No signs of recurrence were noticed. recurrence were noticed.

Fig.(18):Fig.(18):Keratoacanthoma located ventral to the Keratoacanthoma located ventral to the sternum at the level of the xyphoid cartilage of ewe sternum at the level of the xyphoid cartilage of ewe (A) ,during its surgical dissection (B) and just post-(A) ,during its surgical dissection (B) and just post-operation (c).operation (c).

Fig.(19):Fig.(19):Keratoacanthoms Keratoacanthoms in ewe. Three masses in ewe. Three masses located at the ventrolateral located at the ventrolateral aspect of abdomen anterior aspect of abdomen anterior to the fold of the stifle joints to the fold of the stifle joints and ventral to the sternum and ventral to the sternum at the level of the xyphoid at the level of the xyphoid cartilage (A) and the cartilage (A) and the excised masses (B). excised masses (B).

Fig.(20): Fig.(20): Keratoacanthoma at Keratoacanthoma at the ventral aspect of the ventral aspect of the fatty tail in ewe (A) the fatty tail in ewe (A) and just post-operation and just post-operation and the excised mass and the excised mass (B). (B).

Fig.(21):Fig.(21): Keratoacanthomas at the Keratoacanthomas at the ventral aspect of the fatty ventral aspect of the fatty tail in ewe (A) ,the excised tail in ewe (A) ,the excised masses (B) and its masses (B) and its microscopic picture (c) microscopic picture (c) showing invaginated cyst showing invaginated cyst with wall comprised or with wall comprised or whorl,s and outward whorl,s and outward projections of stratified projections of stratified squamous epithelium squamous epithelium (H&E.x100). (H&E.x100).

Fibrosarcomas were diagnosed in a Fibrosarcomas were diagnosed in a mixed breed bull and cow. The neoplastic mixed breed bull and cow. The neoplastic masses were sessile, hard, lobular, masses were sessile, hard, lobular, ulcerated, fleshy in texture, red in colour ulcerated, fleshy in texture, red in colour easily to be bled and poorly easily to be bled and poorly circumscribed encompassing most of the circumscribed encompassing most of the lateral aspect of the neck and shoulders lateral aspect of the neck and shoulders regionregion (Fig.22A&B) (Fig.22A&B)

Microscopically, the neoplasm consists Microscopically, the neoplasm consists of whorl's and interlacing bundles of of whorl's and interlacing bundles of fibroblasts and collagen. The nuclei were fibroblasts and collagen. The nuclei were vesicular and hyperchromatic vesicular and hyperchromatic (Fig.22C (Fig.22C ((Recurrence of the neoplasm was Recurrence of the neoplasm was observed in the cow after surgical excision observed in the cow after surgical excision by 3 months. At that point, due to financial by 3 months. At that point, due to financial consideration, the owner was opted for consideration, the owner was opted for animal slaughtering animal slaughtering ..

Fig.(22):Fig.(22):Fibrosarcoma at Fibrosarcoma at the ventrolateral aspect of the ventrolateral aspect of the neck of young bull the neck of young bull (A) ,excised masses (B) (A) ,excised masses (B) and its histopathological and its histopathological findings (C) showing findings (C) showing whorl's and interlacing whorl's and interlacing bundles of fibroblasts and bundles of fibroblasts and collagen. The nuclei were collagen. The nuclei were vesicular and vesicular and hyperchromatic hyperchromatic (H&E.x150).(H&E.x150).

Squamous cell carcinoma was diagnosed in Squamous cell carcinoma was diagnosed in 21 animals (2 sheep, 2 buffaloes and 17 cows) 21 animals (2 sheep, 2 buffaloes and 17 cows) representing 26.7 % of the total neoplastic representing 26.7 % of the total neoplastic cases. In sheep, the first lesion was located as cases. In sheep, the first lesion was located as ulcerative overgrowth in the hypogastric ulcerative overgrowth in the hypogastric region. The neoplastic mass was covered with region. The neoplastic mass was covered with a thick scab, the removal of which showed a thick scab, the removal of which showed rough velvety bleeding surface (rough velvety bleeding surface (Fig.23 Fig.23 ((

Fig(23):Fig(23):SCC at the ventral SCC at the ventral aspect of the abdomen just aspect of the abdomen just infront of the udder of ewe(A) infront of the udder of ewe(A) and its histopathological and its histopathological findings(B) showing cell findings(B) showing cell nests in ill distinct stroma nests in ill distinct stroma (H&E.x150). (H&E.x150).

The second lesion was detected at the The second lesion was detected at the frontal-perietal area of 5 years old sheep. The frontal-perietal area of 5 years old sheep. The neoplasm showed severe local invasiveness to neoplasm showed severe local invasiveness to the supraorbital region and nasal cavity with the supraorbital region and nasal cavity with unilateral purulent bloody nasal discharge. The unilateral purulent bloody nasal discharge. The animal showed great-disturbed health animal showed great-disturbed health condition and sever enlargement of the condition and sever enlargement of the prescapular lymph node. The owner was prescapular lymph node. The owner was advised to discard the animal. Microscopically, advised to discard the animal. Microscopically, cell nests in all distinct stroma were identified cell nests in all distinct stroma were identified ))Fig. 24).Fig. 24).

Fig.(24) : Fig.(24) : SCC at the SCC at the frontal-prieta larea frontal-prieta larea extending to extending to supraorbital region with supraorbital region with unilateral purulent unilateral purulent bloody nasal discharge bloody nasal discharge (c) and microscopical (c) and microscopical picture of SCC (D) picture of SCC (D) showing celll nest with showing celll nest with keratin in the center keratin in the center surrounded with surrounded with malignant cells malignant cells (H&E.x150)(H&E.x150)

Two buffaloes were admitted with ulcerating Two buffaloes were admitted with ulcerating swelling of about 6-8 cm in diameter in their swelling of about 6-8 cm in diameter in their breast .The reported history was failure of breast .The reported history was failure of repeated treatment of usual wound dressing repeated treatment of usual wound dressing while the lesion continue to increase in size . while the lesion continue to increase in size . Surgical excision was performed Surgical excision was performed (Figs.25&26). (Figs.25&26). Microscopically the neoplasm Microscopically the neoplasm was squamous cell carcinoma. Recurrence was squamous cell carcinoma. Recurrence was noticed only in a buffalo and a sheep 2 was noticed only in a buffalo and a sheep 2 months after treatment while recovery was months after treatment while recovery was obtained after the second surgical excision .obtained after the second surgical excision .

Fig.(25):Fig.(25):SCC of the breast of 8 SCC of the breast of 8 years old buffalo (A&Byears old buffalo (A&B). ).

Fig.(26):Fig.(26):The same The same case in fig.25 just case in fig.25 just postoperation (A) postoperation (A) and the excised and the excised mass (B). mass (B).

The ocular lesions of SCC were elevated pea The ocular lesions of SCC were elevated pea shaped overgrowths invaded the third eyelid (8 shaped overgrowths invaded the third eyelid (8 cases), corneoscleral junction, bulbar and cases), corneoscleral junction, bulbar and palpebral conjunctiva (4 cows). All the affected palpebral conjunctiva (4 cows). All the affected animals were female and aged 5-8 years. The animals were female and aged 5-8 years. The overgrowths were pink, irregular in shape, overgrowths were pink, irregular in shape, nodular, ulcerated and easily to be bled. The nodular, ulcerated and easily to be bled. The eyeball of the affected eye was very small in size eyeball of the affected eye was very small in size in comparison to the other eyein comparison to the other eye.. The associated The associated signs were conjunctivitis, blepharospasm, keratitis signs were conjunctivitis, blepharospasm, keratitis and corneal opacity. and corneal opacity.

Fig.(27):Fig.(27): SCC of the third eyelid showing irregular SCC of the third eyelid showing irregular nodular, easily damaged mass in a mixed bread cow nodular, easily damaged mass in a mixed bread cow (A) and the excised irregular mass (B). (A) and the excised irregular mass (B).

Fig.(28): Fig.(28): SCC of the SCC of the third eyelid in a third eyelid in a Holstein cow (A) and Holstein cow (A) and typical cancer of the typical cancer of the bulber and palpebral bulber and palpebral conjunctivae (B). conjunctivae (B).

Fig.(29): Fig.(29): SCC of SCC of the third eyelid in a the third eyelid in a mixed breed cow mixed breed cow (A) and the excised (A) and the excised mass (B). mass (B).

Fig.(30):Fig.(30): A typical cancer of the third eyelid showing a pink A typical cancer of the third eyelid showing a pink fleshy ulcerated growth of 7 years Holstein cow (A) and its fleshy ulcerated growth of 7 years Holstein cow (A) and its microscopic picture (B) showing cord and islands of microscopic picture (B) showing cord and islands of squomous cells ,keratin pearls ,intercellular bridges and squomous cells ,keratin pearls ,intercellular bridges and basement membrane disrupted (H&E.o150). basement membrane disrupted (H&E.o150).

Destruction of the eyeball was found in Destruction of the eyeball was found in addition to invasion of various periorbital addition to invasion of various periorbital structures in 5 cows leading to growth of structures in 5 cows leading to growth of large, unsightly foul smelling tumourlarge, unsightly foul smelling tumour. . The The parted lymph node was involved. The parted lymph node was involved. The affected cows continued to eat and affected cows continued to eat and produce milk reasonably well but tends to produce milk reasonably well but tends to lose its weight lose its weight . .

Fig.(31):Fig.(31):Highly Highly invasive ocular SCC invasive ocular SCC of Holstein cows of Holstein cows with involvement of with involvement of the parotid lymph the parotid lymph nodes (A&B) nodes (A&B)

Lymphosarcoma appeared in 10 month Lymphosarcoma appeared in 10 month old heifer .The history informed slow old heifer .The history informed slow growing subcutaneous swelling covering growing subcutaneous swelling covering the shoulder joint and the cranio-lateral the shoulder joint and the cranio-lateral aspect of the scapulaaspect of the scapula(Figs.32A)(Figs.32A), the , the prescapular lymph node was involved. prescapular lymph node was involved. Incisional biopsy denoted microscopically Incisional biopsy denoted microscopically lymphosarcoma .lymphosarcoma .

Fig.(32 Fig.(32 ((: : Lymphosarcoma at Lymphosarcoma at the shoulder region of 10 the shoulder region of 10 months old heifer (A) note the months old heifer (A) note the enlarged prescapular lymph enlarged prescapular lymph node and histopatholigical node and histopatholigical finding (B) consisting of the finding (B) consisting of the tumour cells were large oval, tumour cells were large oval, ovoid or rounded ovoid or rounded hyperchromatic with hyperchromatic with intercellular reticuloin with intercellular reticuloin with eosinophilic cell infiltration eosinophilic cell infiltration (H&E.x130). (H&E.x130).

Benign neoplasms were more Benign neoplasms were more prevalent (63.1 %) than malignant prevalent (63.1 %) than malignant one (36.9%). All ages were found to one (36.9%). All ages were found to be involved, malignant neoplasm be involved, malignant neoplasm were more dominant in aged were more dominant in aged animals while the benign ones animals while the benign ones appeared more frequently in young appeared more frequently in young ages under 2 years. ages under 2 years.

Follow up information from the operated Follow up information from the operated animals revealed good recovery without animals revealed good recovery without recurrence except a buffalo and ewe with recurrence except a buffalo and ewe with squamous cell carcinoma and a cow with squamous cell carcinoma and a cow with fibrosarcoma had recurred after 2-3 months fibrosarcoma had recurred after 2-3 months respectively. Surgical excision was respectively. Surgical excision was inadvisable in six cases of squamous cell inadvisable in six cases of squamous cell carcinomas in five cows and an ewe showing carcinomas in five cows and an ewe showing severe local invasiveness and involvement of severe local invasiveness and involvement of the regional lymph nodes and a case of the regional lymph nodes and a case of lymphosarcoma. lymphosarcoma.

THANK YOU ALL FOR THANK YOU ALL FOR PATIENCE AND GIVING ME PATIENCE AND GIVING ME

THE CHANCETHE CHANCE