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Neo-realists – neo-liberals
The debate to date
Neo-realism Neo-Liberalist
an anarchical world Structure of the
international system shapes all foreign policy choices –
the lack of a common power or central authority to enforce rules and maintain order in the system is a key determinant in the choices states make
‘survival is the goal of each state
Neo-liberals focus on international interdependence, globalization and regimes set up to manage these interactions
The ‘state’ The state is the
key actor in international relations
Competition defines the relationship between states
Yes the state is a key actor but there are other significant actors
Cooperation between states is possible
‘power’ Military resources remain
a tool of statecraft But power is also the
combined capabilities of a state; this is what gives a state a place/position in the international system and this will in turn shape a state’s behaviour; the focus will be relative power, security and survival
Regimes and institutions ( UN, IMF…) do not offset the constrainng effects of anarchy on co-operation
More concerned with economic welfare, internaitonal political economy issues, environment
Intentions and preferences are important
Institutions are the focus of attention as the mediators and the means to achieve co-operation between states and they can contribute to governance in an anarchic system
What do they leave out? Culture,
traditions, identity are minimised as factors in shaping IR
(USSR, Yugoslavia)
Promotion of ‘peace through trade’ - this is how lives will be improved
business and markets over human rights, environment, social justice
Neo-Realists
Power Conflict Politics of survival
Neo-Liberalists
Impact of economic interdependence on state behaviour
Potential effects of institutions and regimes on domestic politics