Negative Stigma on Seeking Mental Heath Counseling (October 2012)

7/30/2019 Negative Stigma on Seeking Mental Heath Counseling (October 2012)

1/21

]fi R}dkae lc Ain}eo Fieo}f Blynriodnk ln Eb}dsi My}t YR Adod}ext Zixrlnnio 5

]fi R}dkae lc Ain}eo Fieo}f Blynriodnk ln

Eb}dsi My}t Y.R. Adod}ext Zixrlnnio

Ht

Eoiv T. Oda


2/21


Bln}in}r

H Dn}xlmyb}dln .................................................................................................................... 2B Od}ixe}yxi Xisdi{ .......................................................................................................... 9

Rlbdeo R}dkae dn Ain}eo Doonirrir ..................................................................................... 9At}fr hifdnm }fi R}dkae Errlbde}im {d}f Ain}eo Doonirr ................................................ 3Iccib} lc R}dkae ln Zilzoi ............................................................................................... 6R}dkae dn }fi Ynd}im R}e}ir Adod}ext ............................................................................... 5:Blzdnk {d}f }fi R}dkae................................................................................................... 58

M. ]filxi}dbeo,Blnbiz}yeo Cxeai{lxg ............................................................................ 52I. Micdnd}dln lc ]ixar ..................................................................................................... 5=C. Xiriexbf Uyir}dln ....................................................................................................... 59K. Ftzl}firdr ................................................................................................................... 53F. Rdkndcdbenbi lc }fi R}ymt ............................................................................................. 53Xicixinbir ........................................................................................................................... 56


3/21


H Dn}xlmyb}dln

]fdr zezix ivzolxir }fi dazeb} }l r}dkae errlbde}im {d}f fesdnk ain}eo doonirr ln

eb}dsi adod}ext zixrlnnio ln }fidx zxdse}i enm {lxg odsir. ]fi rlbdeo enm zrtbflolkdbeo

blr} lc ryccixdnk lc }fi blnmd}dln iccib}dsiot zoebir }fi blahe}!ce}dkyim rixsdbi aiahix dn

mlyhoi `ilzexmt er fi lx rfi ryccixr cxla }fi edoain} {fdoi fesdnk }l blzi {d}f e

miseoyim zoebi dn rlbdi}t lbberdlnim ht }fi r}dkae rlbdi}t fer ber} ln }fia &Blxxdken #

[e}rln/ 8::8$.

YR Adod}ext rixsdbi zixrlnnio fesi }fdr ciex }fe} blnryo}dnk e zrtbflolkdr} lx e

zrtbfde}xdr} {doo zyrf ml{n }fidx zxlrzib}r clx bexiix emsenbiain} dn }fi adod}ext.

Ebblxmdnk }l Nest Blaaenmix/ En}flnt Exd}e/ ZfM./ }fdr niimoirr ciex xislosdnk exlynm

}fidx zrtbflolkdbeo lx ain}eo zxlhoiar hidnk ivzlrim }l }fidx ryzixdlxr fesi lbberdlnim

rdkndcdben} {lxxt }fe} d} blyom blazxladri }fidx ribyxd}t boiexenbir/ zxlrzib}r clx

zxlal}dln enm isin xiryo} dn rixsdbi mdradrreo &Mdnkciomix/ 8::4$. Mdnkciomix &8::4$ dn

redm }fe} Exd}e/ }fi mdxib}lx lc boiexdnkflyri/ ly}xiebf enm emslbebt e} }fi Micinri

Bin}ixr lc Ivbiooinbi clx Zrtbflolkdbeo Fieo}f enm ]xeyae}db Hxedn Dn`yxt redm0 (]fixi dr

}fi zixbiz}dln }fe} dc D ml r}iz clx{exm }fixi {doo hi mdxi blnriuyinbir( &Mdnkciomix/ 8::4/

zexe. =$. Rybf ciexr exi ynclynmim ebblxmdnk }l adod}ext ivzix}r/ hy} }fit nisix}fioirr

fesi cyioim {fe} ealyn}r }l e ain}eo fieo}f bxdrdr dn }fi YR adod}ext/ {fixi niexot e cdc}f

lc rixsdbi aiahixr xi}yxndnk cxla xibin} xikdlneo blncodb}r enm {exr rybf er dn Dxeu enm

Eckfendr}en fesi hiin mdeknlrim {d}f rtaz}lar lc ae`lx mizxirrdln enm zlr}!}xeyae}db

r}xirr mdrlxmix. Lnot ehly} feoc lc }fi xi}yxndnk rixsdbi aiahixr {d}f rybf drryir fesi

rlykf} }xie}ain}/ ebblxmdnk }l e r}ymt ht Xenm Blxz &8::6$.

]fdr dr exlynm 2::/::: rixsdbi aiahixr {d}f blahe}!dnmybim ain}eo fieo}f

drryir/ retr ]ixxd ]endioden/ {fl fem bl!ey}flxim {d}f zrtbflolkdr} Odre @etxlv/ ZfM e

r}ymt {fdbf ir}dae}im }fe} ezex} cxla }fi fyaen blr}/ }fi ne}dln ben ivzib} adod}ext


4/21

]fi R}dkae lc Ain}eo Fieo}f Blynriodnk ln Eb}dsi My}t YR Adod}ext Zixrlnnio =

zixrlnnio {d}f ain}eo doonirr }l blr} niexot -3.8 hdoodln dn mdxib} aimdbeo bexi enm olr}

zxlmyb}dsd}t {d}fdn }fi cdxr} }{l tiexr ec}ix e }xeyae}db blahe} my}t. ]fdr xieod}t fer nl}

irbezim adod}ext oiemixr/ {fl xdkf}cyoot {lxxt }fe} rybf dnsdrdhoi {ex meaekir blyom

mdadndrf }fi blazi}inbi lc }fi ne}dlnr cdkf}dnk clxbi eoxiemt r}xi}bfim }fdn.

Mdnkciomix &8::4$ lhrixsim }fe} `yr} ehly} eoo }fi adod}ext ekinbdir exi nl{

dnslosim dn }fidx l{n {exr cdkf}dnk }fi r}dkae lc riigdnk ain}eo fieo}f rixsdbir. Clx

dnr}enbi/ }fi Micinri Mizex}ain} xibin}ot xisdrim d}r ribyxd}t boiexenbi uyir}dlnnedxi rl

}fe} zilzoi {fl riig ain}eo fieo}f bexi clx blahe}!xioe}im xierlnr ml nl} fesi }l xizlx}

d}. D} dr dn}ixir}dnk }l nl}i }fe} zxdlx }l }fdr xisdrdln/ {fin rlomdixr cdooim ly} ribyxd}t!

boiexenbi uyir}dlnnedxir/ }fit {ixi eoalr} eo{etr }lom }l `yr} xizot (nl( }l }fi mxiemim

Uyir}dln 85 {fdbf ergim0 Dn }fi oer} risin tiexr/ fesi tly blnryo}im {d}f e ain}eo!

fieo}f zxlcirrdlneo lx blnryo}im {d}f enl}fix fieo}f!bexi zxlsdmix ehly} e ain}eo fieo}f

blnmd}dln &Exni{r/ 8::6$ ]fdr dr blnrdmixim }fi ezzxlzxde}i enr{ix {fin }fi rlomdix dr

xibidsdnk ain}eo fieo}f blynriodnk }l mieo {d}f r}xirr xiryo}dnk cxla blahe} lx }l ceadot

enm aexxdeki drryir. E nl rflyom eorl hi }fi enr{ix dc }fi ain}eo fieo}f blynriodnk {er

nl} lxmixim ht ent blyx} er e xiryo} lc sdloinbi. ]fdr emsdbi {er bln}ednim dn en Eoo

Exat Eb}dsd}dir &EOEXEB]$ airreki kydmenbi drryim ht Exat K8 ribyxd}t mdsdrdln

yn}do en yzme}ir RC 68 uyir}dlnnedxi ben hi drryim {d}f e alxi ezzxlzxde}i {lxgdnk clx

uyir}dln 85.

D} fem }l }egi }{l YR Exat kinixeor {fl benmdmot rfexi }fidx zlr}!}xeyae}db r}xirr

mdrlxmix &Z]RM$ ivzixdinbir dn Ezxdo 8::4 clx }fi Mizex}ain} lc Micinri &MlM$ dn }fi

clool{dnk aln}f }l oeynbf e rixsdbi!{dmi en}d!r}dkae beazedkn }l zxlaz} lxmdnext

adod}ext zixrlnnio }l emad} enm xiblyn} }fidx xirzib}dsi r}lxdir lc riigdnk ain}eo

fieo}fbexi &Mdnkciomix/ 8::4$. D} xizlx}imot blr} }fi adod}ext -8.; adoodln7 hy} }fe} dr yr} e

mxlz dn }fi hdoodln mlooex hymki} lc }fi exaim clxbir.


5/21


Ec}ix eoo }firi mibemir lc fdmdnk hifdnm }fi r}dkae/ }fdr ben hi blnrdmixim e

fdr}lxdb icclx} }fe} blyom cdneoot micenk }fi rlbdi}eo r}dkae errlbde}im {d}f riigdnk

zrtbfde}xdb lx ain}eo fieo}f bexi dn }fi Eaixdben byo}yxeo oenmrbezi/ ebblxmdnk }l Aexg

He}ir/ ZfM/ dn}ixda mdxib}lx lc }fi xirdodinbi enm zxisin}dln mdxib}lxe}i e} }fi Micinri

Bin}ixr lc Ivbiooinbi &MBlI$. Fi cyx}fix r}e}im }fe} ({fe} {i exi }xtdnk }l ml dr hxdnk

flai }fi airreki }fe} zftrdbeo fieo}f dr `yr} er dazlx}en} er ain}eo fieo}f. [i+xi bxie}dnk

ain}eo fieo}f zexd}t dn }fi adod}ext( &Mdnkciomix/ 8::4/ zexe. 4$.

B Od}ixe}yxi Xisdi{

Rlbdeo R}dkae dn Ain}eo Doonirrir

Miodhixe}i lx nl}/ r}dkae dr e clxa lc hxenmdnk lx oehioodnk ln e zixrln enm dr lc}in

}fi xiryo} lc adrdnclxaim r}ixil}tzdnk/ nesi e}}d}ymdneo erryaz}dlnr/ enm ml{nxdkf} rlbdeo

zxi`ymdbir }fe} fesi }fi zl}in}deo }l meaeki lx e} oier} fdnmix xiblsixt icclx}r cxla

e ain}eo doonirr &[feoin/ 8::3$. Dn }fi exie lc fieo}f bexi/ }fixi dr rlbdi}eo r}dkae

e}}ebfim }l zilzoi gnl{n }l ryccix cxla ain}eo doonirr er isdminbim ht }fidx sdrd}r }l lx

blncdniain} dn zrtbfde}xdb dnr}d}y}dlnr. R}dkae fer zixndbdlyr iccib}r ln }fi eccib}im

zixrln enm dnmdbe}dlnr zldn} }l }fi ceb} }fi mirzd}i emsenbir dn almixn zrtbfde}xdb

}xie}ain}/ r}dkae}dpdnk xiaednr e zxlhoia dn }fi 85r} bin}yxt enm bln}dnyir }l kxl{ e}

rdkndcdben} fyaen blr} }l ze}din}r enm }fidx olsim lnir &Rex}lxdyr # Rbfyopi/ 8::9$.

Nl} {en}dnk }l hi r}dkae}dpim clx riigdnk aimdbeo e}}in}dln clx }fidx ain}eo

edoain}r/ eccib}im zilzoi lc}in zxicix nl} }l riig zrtbflolkdbeo enm zrtbfde}xdb fioz/ lx e}

oier} nl} hi riin ht rlbdi}t. Hidnk r}dkae}dpim er e ny} beri dr }fi aedn hexxdix }l riigdnk

hi}}ix ain}eo fieo}f bexi {d}f }fi e}}inmen} uyeod}t lc odci clx zilzoi {fl fesi }fi doonirr/

clx }fidx ceadodir/ enm clx }fidx blaaynd}dir. Mirzd}i eoo }fi almixn emsenbir lsix }fi oer}

feoc bin}yxt ht }fi niyxlrbdinbir/ ht rlbdeo enm zrtbflolkdbeo rbdinbir/ ht xiriexbf {lxgr


6/21


lc hifesdlxeo }xie}ain} enm ht zyhodb fieo}f dnsir}dke}dlnr }fi atr}ixt lc }fi hxedn

hexxdix ezziex er dazini}xehoi er isix. ]fi }tzdbeo rtaz}lar lc ain}eo mixenkiain}

aendcir} dn zilzoi {fl fesi nisix blnryo}im {d}f e zrtbfde}xdr} &Sixmlyv # Lr/ 8::8$.

Blyom }fi r}dkae errlbde}im {d}f hidnk blncdnim clx lhrixse}dln dn e ain}eo flrzd}eo lx

hidnk riin kldnk dn enm ly} lc e ain}eo flrzd}eo bxie}i zxlhoiar clx e zixrlnr zxlrzib}r

dn fdr lx fix imybe}dln/ rlbdeo xioe}dlnrfdzr/ enm bexiix zxlkxirrdln< ]fi iazdxdbeo

isdminbir ezziex }l ryzzlx} e xirlynmdnk tir }l }fi uyir}dln.

[feoin &8::3$ blnboymim cxla fdr r}ymdir }fe} ximybdnk lx clxisix hendrfdnk

r}dkae dr ealnk }fi kxie}ir} bfeooinkir cebdnk ain}eo fieo}f zxlcirrdlneor/ zxeb}d}dlnixr

enm fieo}f lxkendpe}dlnr. ]fi byxxin} e}}d}ymi dn }fi od}ixe}yxi ln r}dkae ximyb}dln dr

}fe} imybe}dln dr }fi hir} aienr lc zxisin}dnk enm iodadne}dnk mdrbxdadne}dln. ]tzdbeoot/

rybbirrcyo imybe}dlneo beazedknr fesi mxe{n yzln ceb}r enm zixrlneo ivzixdinbir.

[fdoi ceb}r ben kdsi }fi eymdinbi en lsixexbfdnk ynmixr}enmdnk lc }fi dazeb} lc r}dkae/

}fi r}lxdir lc dnmdsdmyeor {fl fesi ain}eo doonirr ben rixsi er e zldknen} xiadnmix lc

}fi dazeb} nl} lnot lc }fi rtaz}lar lc ain}eo doonirr/ hy} eorl }fi nike}dsi errlbde}dlnr

}dim }l d}.

At}fr hifdnm }fi R}dkae Errlbde}im {d}f Ain}eo Doonirr

[fe} iveb}ot blnr}d}y}ir }fi zxi`ymdbir hifdnm }fi rlbdi}eo r}dkae}dpe}dln beyrim

ht e zixbiz}dln lc hidnk ain}eoot doo< E r}ymt blnmyb}im ht Fexmdnk enm Pefndrix &544=$

}ehyoe}im }fi rdkndcdben} zixbiz}dlnr }fe} blazxdri }fi at}fr hifdnm }fi r}dkae er

zxirin}im dn ]ehoi 5enm }fi blxxirzlnmdnk ceb}r }fe} hiodi iebf at}f. E alxi

blazxifinrdsi enm zyxzlrdsi imybe}dlneo zxlkxea aet fesi }l hi mizoltim ealnk

lxkendpe}dlnr rybf er }fi adod}ext {d}f }fi sdi{ }l bfeooinkdnk }fi blaaln

adrblnbiz}dlnr enm at}fr hifdnm }fi r}dkae alr} ciexim ht ze}din}r ryccixim cxla ain}eo

doonirr. E rdadoex zldn}!ht!zldn} xihy}}eo }fen ben hllr} }fi blncdminbi lc blnbixnim


7/21

]fi R}dkae lc Ain}eo Fieo}f Blynriodnk ln Eb}dsi My}t YR Adod}ext Zixrlnnio ;

zilzoi &ceadot/ cxdinmr enm blooiekyir lc ze}din}/ eolnk {d}f }fi ze}din}$ blahdnim {d}f

}fi hinicd}r lc bln}dnyir bln}eb} }fi ze}din} ben fioz odc} {fe}isix mihdod}e}dnk r}dkae }fe}

dr giizdnk }fi ze}din} cxla riigdnk aimdbeo fioz &[e}rln # Blxxdken/ 8::5.

]ehoi 5

Idkf} At}fr enm Blxxirzlnmdnk Xieod}dir ehly} Ain}eo Doonirr

At}f , Adrblnbiz}dln Ceb}r

5 Lnbi bxept/ eo{etr bxept.Zilzoi {ln} ki} lsix }fiblnmd}dln

Olnk!}ixa clool{!yz xiriexbf zldn}r }l }fi aimdbeo ceb} }fe}isin ain}eo ze}din}r {d}f }fi {lxr} }tzir lc rbfdplzfxindeenm l}fix risixi ain}eo doonirr ben oiem nlxaeo zxlmyb}dsiodsir ec}ix }xie}ain}.

8 Eoo zixrlnr {d}f ain}eodoonirr exi eodgi

Ain}eoot!doo zilzoi exi er mdsixri er ent l}fix. ]l errix} }fe}eoo ain}eoot!doo zilzoi exi eodgi dr nl mdccixin} cxla boedadnk}fe} eoo Fdrzendbr exi }fi reai.

2 Risixi ain}eo doonirrir exixexi/ yr} odgi oizixr

Risixi ain}eo mdr}xirr rybf er aendb!mizxirrdln enmrbfdplzfxinde aet ebblyn} clx yz }l 6) }l 5:) lc }fizlzyoe}dln. ]fe} dr ehly} 3=:/::: zilzoi dn e ai}xlzlod}enexie }fi rdpi lc Bfdbekl/ inlykf clogr }l cdoo Laefe/Nihxerge enm Mir Aldnir/ Dl{e blahdnim.

= ]fi ain}eoot doo eximenkixlyr/ lni r}iz e{etcxla e aendebeo gdoodnkrzxii

Sixt/ sixt ci{ zilzoi {d}f ain}eo doonirr isix ayxmixrlailni. Dn ceb}/ zixrlnr {d}f ain}eo doonirr exi yryeoot nlalxi sdloin} }fen }fi xir} lc }fi zlzyoe}dln.

9 ]fi ain}eoot doo ben nisixryxsdsi ly}rdmi }fiflrzd}eo

]fi ser} ae`lxd}t lc zixrlnr {d}f ain}eo doonirr odsizixrlneoot rybbirrcyo odsir dn }fidx blaaynd}t.

3 ]fi ain}eoot doo {doo nisixhinicd} cxlazrtbfl}fixezt

Bexicyoot bln}xlooim xiriexbf fer rfl{n }fe} ryzzlx} enmxifehdod}e}dln fer rdkndcdben} dazeb} ln }fi odsir lc zixrlnr{d}f ain}eo doonirr

; ]fi ain}eoot doo exi ynehoi}l ml ent}fdnk hy} }fiol{ir} oisio `lhr

Zixrlnr {d}f ain}eo doonirr zixclxa e} eoo oisior lc {lxg/ `yr}odgi }fi xir} lc }fi zlzyoe}dln.

6 Hem zexin}r enm zllxyzhxdnkdnk beyri risixiain}eo doonirr

Rbfdplzfxinde enm }fi l}fix risixi ain}eo doonirrir exihdlolkdbeo mdrierir ]fit exi beyrim ht kini}db lx l}fixiahxtlolkdbeo ceb}lxr/ nl} ala enm mem

Nl}i. Emez}im cxla Iazdxdbeo Blxxib}dln lc Risin At}fr ehly} Rbfdplzfxinde {d}f Dazodbe}dlnrclx ]xie}ain}/ ht. B. Fexmdnk enm @. Pefnirix/ &544=$Eb}e Zrtbfde}xdbe Rbenmdnesdbe/ 4:&26=$/

z.5=5.


8/21


Iccib} lc R}dkae ln Zilzoi

R}dkae}dpe}dln miseoyir e zixrlnr ir}iia hl}f dn }fidx l{n rioc!zixbiz}dln enm dn

}fi itir lc rlbdi}t. R}dkae inbezryoe}ir hl}f }fi hder enm mdrbxdadne}dln }fe} ben fesi

nike}dsi iblnladb/ rlbdl!zlod}dbeo enm zrtbflolkdbeo xizixbyrrdln clx r}dkae}dpim zixrlnr

&[feoin/ 8::3$. Lni lc }fi alr} zixndbdlyr enm dnrdmdlyr iccib}r lc r}dkae dr }fi zixrlneo

fieo}f blr}r hifdnm e rioc!zxirixse}dln icclx} nl} }l hi r}dkae}dpim. ]fixi dr aimdbeo

ekkxese}dln {fin zilzoi ml nl} riig zxlcirrdlneo fioz dn }xie}dnk }fidx ain}eo doonirr clx

ciex lc ebuydxdnk }fi r}dkae dc mdrblsixim &Rex}lxdyr # Rbfyopi/ 8::9$. ]fi r}dkae bxie}ir

e clxadmehoi zrtbflolkdbeo hexxdix }l riigdnk aimdbeo fioz }fe} dr xiemdot esedoehoi }l

zilzoi dazedxim ht ain}eo doonirr.

Xiriexbf fer rfl{n }fe} zrtbflolkdbeo mdr}xirr enm d}r zrtbfde}xdb rtaz}lar }fe}

feazix nlxaeo odsdnk exi rdkndcdben}ot }xie}im {d}f e sexdi}t lc isdminbi!herim zxeb}dbir

&IHZr$ dn }fi cdiom lc zrtbfde}xdb fieo}f bexi &[e}rln # Blxxdken/ 8::5$. Fl{isix/

cynmeain}eo }l }fi rybbirr lc ent }xie}ain} dr e {doodnknirr }l hi }xie}im enm }fe} }flri

eccodb}im ayr} cdxr} eb}dsiot riig ly} zxlcirrdlneo dn}ixsin}dln lx }xie}ain}. Ynclx}yne}iot/

er [feoin &8::3$/ Rex}lxdyr enm Rbfyopi &8::9$ zldn}im ly}/ ezex} cxla aimdbeo blr}r

dnbyxxim dn rybf dn}ixsin}dlnr/ aent zilzoi exi nl} zxizexim }l zet }fi zxdbi dn }ixar lc

rlbdeo en}dze}ft enm lr}xebdra exdrdnk cxla }fi r}dkae errlbde}im {d}f hidnk riin in}ixdnk

enm oiesdnk e ain}eo flrzd}eo/ oi} eolni hidnk gnl{n er eb}yeoot ynmixkldnk zrtbfde}xdb

}xie}ain}. Aent zilzoi lz} nl} }l zyxryi ain}eo fieo}f rixsdbir hibeyri }fit ml nl}

{en} }l hi oehiooim e ny} beri/ nlx ryccix }fi rlbdi}eo zxi`ymdbi enm mdrbxdadne}dln hifdnm

}fi oehio.

R}dkae lr}xebdpir zilzoi cxla rlbdi}t odgi oizixr dn }fi zer} &Rii ]ehoi 5$. ]fi

alr} zxiseoin} e}}d}ymi dr }fe} }fit exi sdloin}/ menkixlyr enm ynzxlmyb}dsi. Alr} lc }fi

ynclynmim zixbiz}dlnr exi oexkiot zixzi}ye}im ht }fi nike}dsi zlx}xeteo lc ain}eo doonirr


9/21


dn }ioisdrdln enm alsdir er {ioo er ni{rber}r &BAFE/ 8::3$. ]firi mixdrdsi e}}d}ymir

dncoyinbi }fi hifesdlyx lc ain}eoot doo dnmdsdmyeor. ]fit aet lz} nl} }l }eog ehly} }fidx

doonirr enm nl} zyxryi }xie}ain} clx ciex lc hibladnk e rlbdeo ly}ber} &Bxlbgix/ Ae`lx/ #

R}iioi/ 54467 Adooix # Gedrix/ 8::5$. R}dkae xiexr d}r ykot cebi alr} mdruydi}dnkot dn }fi

{lxgzoebi. Ain}eoot doo zilzoi fesi hiin gnl{n }l olri }fidx `lhr er }fit

ivzixdinbi bximdhdod}t drryir enm e blnblad}en} olrr lc xirzlnrdhdod}t. [feoin &8::3$

dnmdbe}im dn fdr zezix }fe} 35) lc zilzoi {d}f ain}eo doonirrir exi ly}rdmi }fi oehlx clxbi7

=:) }l 3:) lc }flri mdeknlrim {d}f ae`lx mizxirrdln exi yniazoltim7 8:) }l

29) {d}f envdi}t mdrlxmix exi {d}fly} {lxg7 enm 6:) }l 4:) lc }flri mdeknlrim {d}f

rbfdplzfxinde exi yniazoltim. Fi eorl xicixxim }l en ynneaim YR ryxsit r}e}dnk

}fe} alxi }fen feoc lc iazoltixr {ixi xioyb}en} }l fdxi en ezzodben} {d}f e fdr}lxt lc

ain}eo doonirr/ {fdoi e uyex}ix {lyom xiemdot mdradrr en iazoltii {fl fem cedoim }l

mdrbolri }fidx zxi!iazoltain} ain}eo doonirr. Uydnn &8::4$ bd}im e ryxsit ht Rfe{ ]xyr}

dn }fi YG r}e}dnk }fe} alxi }fen feoc lc iazoltixr {lyom nl} fdxi entlni {d}f gnl{n

ain}eo doonirr. E ciaeoi {lxgix dn en inkdniixdnk cdxa {fl {er mdeknlrim {d}f aendb

mizxirrdln {er emsdrim ht fix aenekix }l giiz }fi mdeknlrdr }l fixrioc enm ly} lc FX

gnl{oimki &Uydnn/ 8::4$.

]fdr blnrdr}in} xi`ib}dln dr herdbeoot {fe} blazxdrir }fi ciex lc }flri {fl fesi

hiin r}dkae}dpim lx ehly} }l hi ki} lni. D} fer oim eccodb}im zixrlnr }l cdoo }fit exi

yniazoltehoi {fdoi }flri {d}f iazoltain}r odsi dn blnr}en} ciex ehly} hidnk clynm ly}.

]flri oybgt inlykf }l fesi rlai iazoltain} ribyxd}t exi lc}in r}ixil}tzim dn}l

rdazoi aindeo `lhr }fe} exi lc}in nl} blaainryxe}i {d}f }fidx imybe}dln lx rgdoor. Ealnk

}fia/ lnot e }fdxm eb}dsiot rlykf} ly} zxlcirrdlneo aimdbeo fioz. D} fer hiin ir}dae}im }fe}

dn kinixeo/ lni dn 5: lc }firi ain}eoot!doo dnmdsdmyeor exi }xie}im {d}f rlai clxa lc


10/21

]fi R}dkae lc Ain}eo Fieo}f Blynriodnk ln Eb}dsi My}t YR Adod}ext Zixrlnnio 5:

aimdbe}dln lx blynriodnk &[feoin/ 8::3$. ]fdr ezzodir }l hl}f bdsdoden zixrlneo dn

blaaixbdeo enm dnmyr}xdeo cdxar er {ioo er rixsdbi aiahixr dn }fi YR adod}ext.

R}dkae dn }fi Ynd}im R}e}ir Adod}ext

E adod}ext blaadrrdlnim xizlx}0Exat0 Fieo}f Zxlal}dln/ Xdrg Ximyb}dln/ Rydbdmi

Zxisin}dln &YR Exat/ 8:5:$ rfl{im e mxeae}db dnbxieri dn }fi nyahix lc xibin} berir lc

zlr}!}xeyae}db r}xirr mdrlxmix &Z]RM$/ cxla 8/425 dn 8::= }l 5:/52; dn 8::;. [fe} {er

alxi mdr}yxhdnk {er }fi dnbxieri dn rydbdmi mie}fr ealnk rixsdbi aiahixr {d}f Z]RM/

cxla =.3) dn 8::9 }l 5=.5) dn 8::4. Mirzd}i }fdr fdkf zxiseoinbi lc ain}eo fieo}f

drryir/ 6;) lc eb}dsi my}t rixsdbi aiahixr mdm nl} riig bexi e} 58 aln}fr ec}ix xi}yxndnk

cxla {ex myi alr}ot }l en esixrdln }l ebuydxdnk }fi rlbdi}eo r}dkae errlbde}im {d}f ain}eo

doonirr &Gda/ ]flaer/ [dog/ Ber}xl/ # Flki/ 8:5:$.

]fi klom hllg &YR Exat/ 8:58/ z. 34$$ emlz}r }fi Eaixdben!fixd}eki mdb}dlnext

micdnd}dln lc r}dkae er e aexg lc rfeai lx mdrbximd}. R}dkae dr riin er e hexxdix }l bexi

&Flltix/ 8:58$/ emsixriot dncoyinbdnk }fi mibdrdln }l riig zrtbflolkdbeo fioz ealnk

adod}ext zixrlnnio {fin ryccixdnk cxla ain}eo fieo}f zxlhoiar. Nl oirr }fen }fi YR

adod}ext xiblkndpir }fi zxlhoia er mlbyain}im dn d}r Xim Hllg &YR Exat 8:5:/ z22$

{fin d} r}e}im }fe} r}dkae bln}dnyir }l hi }fi hdkkir} mi}ixxin} }l riigdnk fioz. Eo}flykf

fioz!riigdnk hifesdlx dr dnbxierdnk dn }fi Exat/ aent r}doo hiodisi }fe} riigdnk hifesdlxeo

fieo}f blynriodnk {lyom nike}dsiot dazeb} }fidx bexiixr.

E bxlrr!rib}dlneo r}ymt {er mlni ht Gda i} eo &8:5:$ ryxsitdnk 5:/263 eb}dsi

rixsdbi aiahixr lc }fi Ne}dlneo Kyexm gnl{n }l ryccix cxla rlai ain}eo fieo}f

zxlhoiar 2!58 aln}fr ec}ix e blahe} my}t dn Dxeu. ]fdr r}ymt blnboymim }fe} eb}dsi my}t

rixsdbi aiahixr {d}f ain}eo fieo}f zxlhoiar fem rdkndcdben}ot ol{ix xe}ir lc rixsdbi

y}dodpe}dln {d}f rdkndcdben}ot r}xlnk ciiodnkr lc r}dkae enm hexxdixr }l bexi. ]fi r}ymt

xiblaainmim dazxlsiain}r }l }fi bexi lc si}ixenr }l{exmr emmxirrdnk }fi r}dkae


11/21


errlbde}im {d}f xibidsdnk ain}eo fieo}f bexi. Mirzd}i }fi fdkf zxiseoinbi lc ain}eo drryir

xizlx}im ealnk rixsdbi aiahixr xi}yxndnk flai cxla blahe} my}t dn Dxeu enm

Eckfendr}en/ xiriexbf fer rfl{n }fe} lnot exlynm 9:) lc }firi zrtbflolkdbeoot

meaekim rixsdbi aiahixr xizlx}im ki}}dnk }fi zxlzix ain}eo fieo}f blynriodnk {d}fdn e

tiex lc xi}yxndnk &Flki/ Eybf}ixolndi/ # Adoodgin/ 8::37 Flixr}ix/ Aeo}i/ Daio/ Efaem/

Fyn}/ # @egyzeg/ 8:58$. Flixr}ix i} eo &8:58$ dn e xibin} ryxsit ealnk YR si}ixenr lc

}fi Dxen enm Eckfendr}en {exr zldn}im }l zixbidsim r}dkae er e hexxdix fieo}f bexi ealnk

rixsdbi aiahixr eccodb}im {d}f mizxirrdln enm Z]RM er {ioo er blnriuyin}deo eoblflo

ehyri er dazimdain}r }l riigdnk zrtbfde}xdb fioz. ]fi r}ymt xiblaainmim

ynblnmd}dlneoot }fe} }fi YR adod}ext rflyom }exki} {ex si}ixenr mdeknlrim {d}f ain}eo

doonirr dn e blazxifinrdsi ly}xiebf zxlkxea }l inryxi {dmix blsixeki.

]fi ol{ ain}eo fieo}f bexi rixsdbi y}dodpe}dln {er myi }l r}dkae enm zixbidsim

hexxdixr }l bexi. Flki i} eo &8::3$ clynm }fe} adod}ext zixrlnnio {fl ai} }fi rbxiindnk

}fxirflomr clx }fi ain}eoot zxlhoiae}db xizlx}im ciiodnkr lc r}dkae. Xiriexbf ln r}dkae dn

bdsdoden zlzyoe}dlnr errix}r }fe} r}dkae}dpim dnmdsdmyeor {fl fesi dn}ixneodpim }fi rlbdeo

zixbiz}dln fesi ol{ix rioc!ir}iia &[feoin/ 8::37 Bxlbgix # Ae`lx/ 5464$ {d}f aent

odgiot }l hi esixri }l }xie}ain}. Dn }fi adod}ext/ r}dkae dr micdnim dn }fi Klom Hllg enm

Xim Hllg er }fi zixbiz}dln ealnk oiemixr enm rixsdbi aiahixr }fe} fioz! riigdnk

hifesdlx {doo id}fix hi mi}xdain}eo }l }fidx bexiix lx }fe} d} {doo ximybi }fidx rlbdeo r}e}yr

ealnk }fidx ziixr &YR Exat/ 8:58/ zz. 34/ ;87 YR Exat/ 8:5:/ R}dkae dn Kolrrext$.

Flki i} eo &8::=$ xisieoim }fe} rixsdbi aiahixr l{n zixbiz}dlnr ehly} Z]RM/

mizxirrdln/ enm envdi}t/ {ixi rdknr lc zrtbflolkdbeo {iegnirr enm {ixi }fi aedn hexxdix

}l riigdnk aimdbeo bexi. Flltix &8:58$ rfl{im }fe} r}dkae}dpim rixsdbi aiahixr ryccix

cxla mdrbxdadne}dln {d}fdn }fi adod}ext fdixexbft {fdbf dnboymim }fi zftrdbdenr errdknim

}l }xie} }fia. Z]RM fer hiin r}ixil}tzim er e mdrieri }fe} }yxnr l}fix{dri blazi}in}


12/21


rixsdbi aiahixr dn}l ain}eoot mdrehoim enm ynzxlmyb}dsi rixsdbi aiahixr. ]fdr

r}ixil}tzi xislosir exlynm }fi blnbixnim rlomdix {fl e}}iaz}r }l ki} ly} lc rixsdbi enm

blooib} blazinre}dln/ bxie}dnk e riblnm oetix lc r}dkae}dpe}dln/ }fi cdxr} hidnk }fi r}dkae

odngim }l riigdnk fioz. ]fi eccodb}im rlomdix dr nl{ hyxminim }l zxlsi }fe} fdr ain}eo

mdrlxmix dr xieo enm klir hitlnm }fi mdeknlrdr ht zyhodbot mdrzoetdnk hifesdlx blnrdr}in}

{d}f }fi mdeknlrdr. Dc }fdr rybbiimr/ }fi rixsdbi aiahix dr riin ht fdr ziixr enm rlbdi}t er

yncd} dn }fi adod}ext/ hy} dc d} cedor/ er e cxeym. Id}fix {et/ }fi rixsdbi aiahix olrrir }fi

he}}oi }l xikedn {fe}isix rioc!{lx}f fi lx rfi fem.

Blzdnk {d}f }fi R}dkae

Xiriexbfixr fesi xisieoim }fe} r}dkae bxie}ir emmim r}xirr }fe} cyx}fix ixlmir en

eoxiemt mdadndrfim uyeod}t lc odci clx }fi ain}eoot doo zixrln &Bly}yxi # Zinn/ 8::2$.

D} dr clx }fdr rdnkyoex xierln }fe} xiriexbfixr fesi rlykf} dn}ixsin}dln ai}flmr clx ximybdnk

r}dkae. Lni r}xe}ikt irzlyrim ht Bly}yxi enm Zinn &8::2$ dn }fdr mdxib}dln dr e zyxzlrdsi

dn}ixzixrlneo blaayndbe}dln {d}f ain}eoot doo zilzoi enm }fidx ceadodir {fl ben fioz dn

}fi zxlbirr. Xiriexbf rfl{r }fe} hl}f xi}xlrzib}dsi enm zxlrzib}dsi bln}eb} }inmr }l

ximybi r}dkae}dpdnk sdi{r lc zixrlnr {d}f e ain}eo doonirr. Risixeo kxlyzr fesi

bfeazdlnim sexdlyr dnd}de}dsir }l ximybi r}dkae enm zxlsdmi e alxi lzin e}alrzfixi clx

ain}eoot!doo zilzoi }l lh}edn }fi niimim zxlcirrdlneo e}}in}dln. [feoin &8::3$ ain}dlnim

}fi Benemden Ain}eo Fieo}f Errlbde}dln &BAFE$ er rzlnrlxdnk e zxlkxea beooim

R}ixil}tzir/ ]xdsdeodpir/ Lccinmr/ Ze}xlndpir &R.].L.Z$ }l rdkndcdben}ot ximybi }fi r}dkae

ealnk Benemden bd}dpinr ryccixdnk cxla ain}eo doonirr. D}r sifdboi dr e blazxifinrdsi

imybe}dlneo beazedkn edaim e} }fi tly}f rib}lx herim ln r}ymdir }fe} d} dr xioe}dsiot ierdix

}l mi!r}dkae}dpi ain}eo doonirr ealnk }fi tly}fr }fen emyo}r. Rex}lxdyr enm Rbfyopi

&8::9$ mdrbyrrim lni rybf dnd}de}dsi {d}f e kolheo xiebf cxla e blnbix}im zxlkxea fiemim

enm kydmim ht [lxom Zrtbfde}xdb Errlbde}dln enm zex}dbdze}im ht risixeo blyn}xdir odgi


13/21


Kxiibi/ Kixaent/ R{imin/ Dnmde/ Rzedn/ Ndkixde/ Ykenme/ Ynd}im R}e}ir/ enm Ynd}im

Gdnkmla.

Zilzoi kinixeoot fesi {dmi oe}d}ymir }l xirzlnm }l r}xirrcyo r}dayod/ {fi}fix e}

{lxg lx e} flai. Blnbiz}yeodpdnk r}dkae er e clxa lc r}xirr ben zxlsdmi rdkndcdben}ot

{dmix lz}dlnr clx blzdnk aibfendrar }fe} eool{ r}dkae}dpim zilzoi }l lsixblai }fi

rlbdi}eo zxi`ymdbir errlbde}im {d}f }fi r}dkae &Adooix # Gedrix/ 8::5$. E r}dkae dr nl} e

mdrieri/ hy} `yr} e oehio }fe} fer zxlclynm iccib} lnot dc }fi oehiooim zixrln }egir d}

rixdlyrot inlykf }l emsixriot eccib} fl{ fi lx rfi mieor {d}f isixtmet rd}ye}dlnr.

Dknlxdnk }fi oehio aet rlynm iert/ hy} }fdr xiuydxir blyxeki }l kl ekednr} rlbdeo nlxae}dsi

zixbiz}dlnr. R}dkae}dpim zilzoi exi kinixeoot e{exi lc }fidx miseoyim {lx}f dn }fi rlbdi}t

}fit odsi dn &Bxlbgix/ i} eo/ 5446$. D} dr e }xdhy}i }l }firi zilzoi }fe} aent lc }fia fesi

oiexnim }l blzi {d}f }fi mlyhoi `ilzexmt zxirin}im ht hl}f }fi doonirr enm }fi r}dkae.

Risixeo }filxi}dbeo almior lsix }fi oer} }fxii mibemir fesi e}}iaz}im }l ivzoedn }fi

hifesdlyx enm zrtbflolkt lc zilzoi ryccixdnk cxla rlbdeo r}dkae &Fenrin/ 8::5$. Lni

rybf }filxi}dbeo almio }fe} }fdr zezix {doo yri }l zxlsdmi }fi bln}iv}yeo cxeai{lxg dr

ivzoednim }fi niv} rib}dln.

M. ]filxi}dbeo,Blnbiz}yeo Cxeai{lxg

]fdr r}ymt }egir ln }fi miseoye}dln }filxt lc Bxlbgix enm Ae`lx &5464$ {fl

zlrd}im }fe} zilzoi {fl fesi hiin r}dkae}dpim miseoyi lx mi!iazferdpi }flri mdainrdlnr

dn {fdbf }fit exi zixbidsim }l hi zixclxa zllxot. ]fdr iccib}dsiot e mindeo blzdnk

aibfendra ht {fdbf r}dkae}dpir zilzoi {fl exi }fiariosir miseoyim dn }fi itir lc

rlbdi}t e}}iaz} }l aedn}edn }fidx rioc!ir}iia. E boiex dnr}enbi dr {fin Ecxl!Eaixdben

r}ymin}r dn eoo oisior fesi blnrdr}in}ot aieryxim zllxot dn Rbfloer}db Ez}d}ymi ]ir}r

&RE]$ enm l}fix ebemiadb zixclxaenbi }ir}r blazexim }l }fidx Erden enm [fd}i


14/21

]fi R}dkae lc Ain}eo Fieo}f Blynriodnk ln Eb}dsi My}t YR Adod}ext Zixrlnnio 5=

blyn}ixzex}r &Bfezaen/ Oedxm/ # Xeaend/ 8:5:7 Hlxaen # Xebfyhe/ 8::5$. ]fdr

zrtbflolkdbeo mdrinkekiain} xe}dlneodpir }firi blazexe}dsi cedoyxir }fe} blaclx} aent

Ecxdben Eaixdbenr {d}f }fi rioc!rixsdnk nl}dln }fe} }firi }ir}r ml nl} xiodehot aieryxi

}fidx {lx}f. Blnriuyin}ot/ }fit mi!iazferdpi ebemiadbr enm }fi errlbde}im zixclxaenbi

aieryxir &Rbfaemix/ Ae`lx/ # Kxeapl{/ 8::5$ rdnbi/ dc lni bennl} ivbio lx ml {ioo

xizie}imot dn lni exie/ d} dr zlrrdhoi }fixi dr en dnfixin} ehrinbi lc lzzlx}ynd}t lx e

zixrdr}in} hder. [ft hl}fix xiblkndpdnk d} dc d} zlrir e }fxie} }l lnir zxdmi lx rioc!ir}iia

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