Negative Effects of Using Adhd medicatios non-medically

Negative Effects of Using Adhd medications non-medicallyNumero DosGrace Holland, Pete Mikaele, Chase ChilsonEnglish 1102-05119 March 2014Consequences of useIts illegal without prescription from doctorSide effects of Adderall - more addictive Weight loss, insomnia, irritability, increased muscle tension, anxiety, increased heart rate, increased blood pressure, Headaches, jitters, and stomach problems.Side effects of Vyvanse - less addictive Discomfort, erectile dysfunction, dizziness, restlessness, nausea, dry mouth, anxiety, diarrhea, vomiting, headache, insomnia, weight loss, irritability, euphoria, upper abdominal pain, rapid heartbeat.

Pressure on college campusesStudents want to keep up with others on the prescription pillsGrades, students want to be able to maintain and earn good gradesStudents want to be able to spend many hours working FeelingsStudents want to have the upper handThey feel like they have to take the pills

IssuesStudents become dependent on the medicationsThey do not feel the same without taking it

abuseStudents begin to develop other problemsThey start to try speed, cocaine, and other drugsAlcohol abuse can also go along with the abuse of these medications

Statistics and surveysIn 2004 a government survey found that methylphenidate, the main drug in ADHD medications, had a connection to 1,541 drug-related emergency visits.In 2005 the same survey found that the number of emergency visits had risen to 3,212.In February of 2007, the Food and Drug Administration required the manufacturers of ADHD medications to make known to patients the dangerous risks and side effects that are associated with these types of medications Side effects of Adhd medicationsSuicidal or homicidal thoughts or actionsSeizuresHypertension: Abnormally high blood pressureHypotension: Abnormally low blood pressureTachycardia: Rapid heart beatPalpitations: Irregular heart beatDsyrhythmia: Abnormal rhythm of the heart or brainThese health risks are increased when the medication is taken non-medically or when combined with alcohol or other types of drugs. TABLE 1. Frequencies and brands of MPH used Nonmedically

Used Methylphenidate Non-MedicallyN=110Within past 30 Days15 (13%)Within past 12 months but not past 30 days27 (24%)More than 12 months ago68 (62%)Frequency of use in preceding 12 monthsN = 110Brand-name product used most oftenN = 110Only once35 (32%)Ritalin59 (54%)2-10 times49 (45%)Concerta15 (14%)11-50 times20 (18%)Metadate051-100 times1 (1%)MPH HCL (generic)1 (1%)More than 100 times1 (1%)Dont know38 (35%)Not sure/Declined to answer4 (4%)Declined to answer2 (2%)Results of table 1Out of 110 students surveyedMost, 62%, used ADHD medications non-medically over 12 months prior to participating in the surveyOut of the students who used in the preceding 12 months:Most, 45%, used between 2 and 10 timesRitalin was the brand that most, 54%, of the students used. Table 2. Proportions of Lifetime Illicit Drug Use by Misusers and Non-misusers of Prescription Stimulant MedicationN = 42Illicit DrugMisusers Reported UsingNon-Misusers Reported UsingNicotine94.7%47.8%Alcohol100.0%91.3%Marijuana100.0%73.9%Cocaine47.4%13.0%Amphetamine5.3%4.3%Hallucinogens57.9%21.7%Opiates26.3%0.0%Inhalants10.5%0.0%Results of table 2Out of 42 students surveyedAlcohol and Marijuana were the two most used illicit drugs between both misusers (100% and 100%) and non-misusers (91.3% and 73.9%).Misusers were the only ones that reported using Opiates (26.3%) and Inhalants (10.5%).Nicotine was the third most used drug between both groups of students.94.7% for misusers and 47.8% for non-misusersAmphetamines were the least used drug0% for both groupsNon-misusers had 0% for opiates and inhalants as well.Works citedAdderall Abuse Growing Among College Students | NYCATS. NYCATS. N.p., n.d. Web. 18 Mar. 2014.Adderall Abuse: Unhealthy, Unfair, or Ineffective? Themaneater.com N.p., n.d. Web.18 Mar. 2014."Adderall: College Students' Best Friend-- Or Worst Enemy??" Serendip Studio. N.p., n.d. Web. 18 Feb. 2014."CQC Raises Concerns About Students' 'Smart' Drug Abuse."TherapyToday.net. Sep 2013: 6. Web. 18 Feb. 2014. Works cited (continued)DeSantis, Alan D., Elizabeth M. Webb, and Seth M. Noar. "Illicit Use Of Prescription ADHD Medications On A College Campus: A Multimethodological Approach." Journal Of American College Health 57.3 (2008): 315-324. Academic Search Complete. Web. 18 Feb. 2014.Dupont, Robert L., MD, John J. Coleman, PhD, Richard H. Bucher, PhD, and Bonnie B. Wilford, MS. "Characteristics and Motives of College Students Who Engage in Nonmedical Use of Methylphenidate."American Journal on Addictions17.3 (2008): 167-71. Print. 19 Feb. 2014.Jardin, Bianca, MA, Alison Looby, Ma, and Mitch Earleywine, PhD. "Characteristics of College Students With Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Symptoms Who Misuse Their Medications."Journal of American College Health59.5 (2011): 373-77. Print. 19 Feb. 2014.Works cited (continued)J, By Elaine. "Adderall: Uses, Abuses & Side Effects." LiveScience. TechMedia Network, 06 Nov. 2013. Web. 17 Feb. 2014.J.Hom, By Elaine. "Adderall: Uses, Abuses & Side Effects." LiveScience. TechMedia Network, 6 Nov. 2013. Web. 23 Feb. 2014. MedlinePlus- Health Information from the National Library of Medicine. U.S. National Library of Medicine. U.S. National Library of Medicine, n.d. Web. 16 Mar. 2014.Most Abused Prescription Drugs In the US. Drugsdb.com. N.p., n.d. Web. 18 Mar. 2014.Southern California Drug and Alcohol Rehab | Executive Treatment Center | Chapters. Southern California Drug and Alcohol Rehab Executive Treatment Center Chapters. N.p., n.d. Web. 18 Mar. 2014.