NEGATION IN MARISirkka Saarinen

FU-Congress, Piliscsaba 9.–14.8.2010

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Negative auxiliary in Mari

takes modal, temporal and personal suffixes

main verb in the connegative form (= most often stem)

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Present tense, indicative, MariEAff. Neg.Sg1 tol-am o-m tol come-SG1 NEG-SG1 comeSg2 tol-at o-t tol come-SG2 NEG-SG2 come

Sg3 tol-eš o-k ~ o-g-eš tol come-SG3 NEG-(PRS)-SG3 come

Pl1 tol-əna o-na ~ o-g-əna tol come-PL1 NEG-(PRS).PL1 come

Pl2 tol-əda o-da ~ o-g-əda tol come-PL2 NEG-(PRS)-PL2 come

Pl3 tol-ət o-g-ət tol come-PL NEG-(PRS)-PL come

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Present tense, indicative, MariWAff. Neg.Sg1 tol-am a-m tol come-SG1 NEG-SG1 comeSg2 tol-at a-t tol come-SG2 NEG-SG2 come

Sg3 tol-eš a-k tol come-SG3 NEG-SG3 come

Pl1 tol-əna a-na tol come-PL1 NEG-PL1 come

Pl2 tol-əda a-da tol come-PL2 NEG-PL2 come

Pl3 tol-ət a-k tol-ep come-PL NEG-SG3 come-CONN

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1. preterit, MariE (1)1. conj. 2. conj.

Aff. Sg1 tol’-əm kolə-š-əm come-(PST)-SG1 die-PST-SG1Neg. Sg1 š-əm tol š-əm kolo (NEG)-PST-SG1 come (NEG)-PST-SG1 dieAff. Sg2 tol’-əč kolə-š-əč come-(PST)-SG2 die-PST-SG2Neg. Sg2 š-əč tol š-əč kolo (NEG)-PST-SG2 come (NEG)-PST-SG2 dieAff. Sg3 tol’-o kolə-š come-(PST) die-PSTNeg. Sg3 ǝ-š tol ǝ-š kolo NEG-PST come NEG-PST die

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1. preterit, MariE (2)1. conj. 2. conj.

Aff. Pl1 tol-na kolə-š-na come-(PST)-PL1 die-PST-PL1Neg. Pl1 ǝ-š-na tol ə-š-na kolo NEG-PST-PL1 come NEG-PST-PL1 dieAff. Pl2 tol-da kolə-š-ta come-(PST)-PL2 die-PST-PL2Neg. Pl2 ə-š-ta tol ə-š-ta kolo NEG-PST-PL2 come NEG-PST-PL2 dieAff. Pl3 tol’-əč kolə-š-t come-(PST)-PL die-PST-PLNeg. Pl3 ǝ-š-t tol ǝ-š-t kolo NEG-PST-PL come NEG-PST-PL die

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1. preterit, MariWAff. Neg.Sg1 tol’-əm š-əm tol come-(PST)-SG1 (NEG)-PST-SG1 comeSg2 tol’-əc š-əc tol come-(PST)-SG2 (NEG)-PST-SG2 come Sg3 tol’-ə ǝ-š tol come-(PST) NEG-PST comePl1 tol-na š-ǝnä tol come-(PST)-PL1 (NEG)-PST-PL1 come Pl2 tol-da š-ǝdä tol come-(PST)-PL2 (NEG)-PST-PL2 come Pl3 tol’-ewǝ ǝ-š tol-ep come-(PST)-PL NEG-PST come-CONN.PL

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2. preterit, MariEAff. Sg1 tol-ən-am < tol-ən ul-am come-GER-SG1 < come-GER be-SG1 Neg. Sg1 tol-ən o-m-əl come-GER NEG-SG1-beSg2 tol-ən-at Neg. tol-ən o-t-əl come-GER-SG2 come-GER NEG-SG2-be

Sg3 tol-ən tol-ən o-g-əl come-GER come-GER NEG-PRS-be

Pl1 tol-ən-na tol-ən o-na-l come-GER-PL1 come-GER NEG-PL1-be

Pl2 tol-ən-da tol-ən o-da-l come-GER-PL2 come-GER NEG-PL2-be

Pl3 tol-ən-ət tol-ən o-g-ət-əl come-GER-PL come-GER NEG-PRS-PL-be

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2. preterit, MariWAff. Neg.Sg1 tol-ən-am tol-te-l-am come-GER-SG1 come-ABE-be-SG1Sg2 tol-ən-at tol-te-l-at come-GER-SG2 come-ABE-be-SG2Sg3 tol-ən tol-te come-GER come-ABEPl1 tol-ən-na tol-te-l-na come-GER-PL1 come-ABE-be-PL1Pl2 tol-ən-da tol-te-l-da come-GER-PL2 come-ABE-be-PL2Pl3 tol-ən-ət tol-te-l-ət come-GER-PL come-ABE-be-PL

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Compound tenses 11. Compound imperfect, affirmativetol-am ǝľ-e / W tol-am ǝľ-ǝcome-SG1 be-(1PST)

1. Compound imperfect, negativeo-m tol ǝľ-e / W a-m tol ǝľ-ǝNEG-SG1 come be-(1PST)

2. Compound imperfect, affirmativetol-am ul-maš / W tol-am ǝl-ǝncome-SG1 be-DER / be-2PST

2. Compound imperfect, negativeo-m tol ul-maš / W a-m tol ǝl-ǝnNEG-SG1 come be-DER / be-2PST

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Compound tenses 21. Compound perfect, affirmativetol-ǝn-am ǝľ-e / W tol-ǝn-am ǝľ-ǝcome-2PST-SG1 be-(1PST)1. Compound perfect, negativetol-ǝn o-m-ǝl ǝľ-e / W tol-te-l-am ǝľ-ǝcome-2PST NEG-SG1-be be-(1PST) /W come-ABE-be-SG1 be-(1PST) 2. Compound perfect, affirmativetol-ǝn-am ul-maš / W tol-ǝn-am ǝl-ǝncome-2PST-SG1 be-DER / be-2PST2. Compound perfect, negativetol-ǝn o-m-ǝl ul-maš / W tol-te-l-am ǝl-ǝncome-2PST NEG-SG1-be be-DER /W come-ABE-be-SG1 be-2PST

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Imperative moodAff. Neg.Sg2 tol i-t tol

come NEG-SG2 comeSg3 tol-žo ǝn-že tolcome-(PX.)SG3 NEG-(PX.)SG3 comePL2 tol-za / W tol-da i-da tolcome-PL2 NEG-PL2 comePl3 tolǝ-št / W tolǝ-štǝ

come-(PX.)PL3Neg. Pl3 ǝn-ǝšt tol / W ǝn-žǝ-štǝ tol-epNEG-(PX.)PL3 come / W NEG-(PX.)PL3 come-CONN.PL

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Desiderative mood 1Aff. Sg1 tol-ne-m

come-DES-(PX.)SG1 Neg. Sg1 ǝ-ne-m tol

NEG-DES-(PX.)SG1 comeAff. Sg2 tol-ne-t

come-DES-(PX.)SG2Neg. Sg2 ǝ-ne-t tol

NEG-DES-(PX.)SG2 come Aff. Sg3 tol-ne-že

come-DES-(PX.)SG3 Neg. Sg3 ǝ-ne-ž tol

NEG-DES-(PX.)SG3 come

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Desiderative mood 2Aff. Pl1 tol-ne-na

come-DES-(PX.)PL1Neg. Pl1 ǝ-ne-na tol

NEG-DES-(PX.)PL1 comeAff. Pl2 tol-ne-da

come-DES-(PX.)PL2Neg. Pl2 ǝ-ne-da tol

NEG-DES-(PX.)PL2 comeAff. Pl3 tol-ne-št

come-DES-(PX.)PL3Neg. Pl3 ǝ-ne-št tol

NEG-DES-(PX.)PL3 come

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Negative existential, present tenseukee.g., jer-ǝšte kol uke

lake-INE fish NEG

Constituent negation, present tenseo-g-ǝl / W a-g-ǝlNEG-(PRS)-be

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Negative verbSg1 o-g-ǝm / W a-g-ǝm

NEG-(PRS)-SG1Sg2 o-g-ǝt / W a-g-ǝt

NEG-(PRS)-SG2Sg3 o-g-eš / W a-g-eš

NEG-(PRS)-SG3Pl1 o-g-ǝna / W a-na

NEG-(PRS)-PL1 / NEG-PL1Pl2 o-g-ǝda / W a-da

NEG-(PRS)-PL2 / NEG-PL2Pl3 o-g-ǝt / W a-g-ep

NEG-(PRS)-PL / NEG-CONN.PL