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1 Which of the following is a living fluid? A;Breast milk is almost completely digested and utilized for growth, whereas much of cows milk p

infants undigested producing whitish curdy stool. Breast milk contains other proteins whose functioanti infective e.g IgG, Lysozyme, living cells, etc. human milk is virtually a living fluid.

Human Milk

ORS

Blood

I/V RL

2 Comfort zone which is comfortable has corrected effective temperature: B;

Comfort zones may be defined as the range of ETs over which the majority of adults feel comfortabconditions are those under which a person can maintain normal balance between production andbody temperature and without sweating.Comfort zones evaluated in India are as below:

Corrected effective temperature deg C1. Pleasant and cool - 202. Comfortable and cool - 20253. Comfortable - 25274. Hot and uncomfortable - 27285. Extremely hot - 28 +6. Intolerably hot - 30 +

Deg C / 4 = F-32 / 9

6976oF7780

oF

8182oF

8386oF

3 The prescribed chloride content of drinking water should be below: B;Substances and parameters in drinking-water that may give rise to complaints from consum

Constituents or characteristics Levels likely to give rise to consumePhysical parametersColourTaste and odourTemperatureTurbidity

15 TCU--5 NTU

Inorganic constituentsAluminium

AmmoniaChlorideCopper

0.2 mg/L

1.5 mg/L250 mg/L1 mg/L

Hardness


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Hydrogen sulfideIronManganese

0.05 mg/L0.3 mg/l0.1 mg/L

Dissolved oxygenpHSodiumSulphateTotal dissolved solidsZinc

200 mg/L250 mg/L1000 mg/L3 mg/L

100 mg/lit

200 mg/lit

300 mg/lit

500 mg/lit

4 Hospital waste product accounts all except: . C;

Average composition of hospital waste in IndiaMaterial % (Wet-wt basis)1. Paper 152. Plastics 103. Rags 154. Metal (Sharp etc) 15. Infectious waste 1.56. Glass 47. General waste (food waste, 53.5sweepings from hospital

premises etc)

Paper 15%

Plastic 10%Infectious waste 15%

RAGS 15%

5 The result of a study of the incidence of T.B. in a village are given the tablebelow. All persons in the village are examined during two surveys made 2years apart, and the number of new cases was used to determine theincidence rate.Category of Household Number of Number ofat First Survey Persons new cases

With culture-positive case 500 10

Without culture-positive case 10,000 10What is the incidence of new cases per 1000 person-years in house-hold that had aculture-positive case during the first survey?

D;According to the table, 10 new cases of tuberculosis developed among the 500 persons belongicase of tuberculosis at the time of the first survey. Because, these 500 persons were fol lowed forperson-years of exposure is 1000. Therefore, the incidence rate is calculated as follows:

10 new cases---------------------- = 10 cases per 1000 person-years

500 persons x 2 years


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0.02

0.01

1.0

10

6 Studies in medicine are designed to identify cause of disease. The ultimategoal of such studies is to alter the frequency or severity of these diseases. Allof the following are considerations in the determination of causality EXCEPT:

C;Determination of the presence of a cause and its effect at the same time, such as on a cross-se

support causality. The cause must be shown toprecede the effect in time. In some cases, the caupast, such as with radiation exposure and thyroid cancer. In this case, these events would not btime, yet the relationship would be causal.

Temporal sequence causative agents must precede their consequences

Biological gradientdose response curveConcurrencycause and effect are found at the same time

Strength of association

7 True statements concerning cohort studies include all the following except: D;In cohort studies, a group of subjects is defined on the basis of certain baseline characteristicsfor the development of the disease (or other outcome) under study. The incidence of disease characteristics can then be compared with t he incidence in subjects without t hose characteristicsbe identified from past records, a retrospective cohort study is possible. Cohort studies are noprevalence. The prevalence of disease is the proportion of the population who have it at one point be estimated from cross-sectional studies.

Cohort studies are longitudinal in design

Subjects are selected on the basis of characteristics present before the onset of thecondition being studied

Subjects are observed over time to determine the frequency of occurrence ofthe condition under studyCohort studies are necessary to estimate the prevalence of disease

8 Decision analyses often include a patients utilities in the determination of thebest decision. These utilities measure

D;In decision analysis, utilities refer to the relative valuesplaced on various outcomes. For exambe assigned a utility of 100, and death assigned one of 0. What, then, would the utility be for life witWith careful questioning, one finds that most patientsplace a higher value on life with disability tha

Whether a patient favors one decision over another

Whether a physician favors one decision over another

The difference between a patients decision and the physicians decision


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The relative value a patient places on a particular outcome

9 The authors of a study state that careful autopsies show that 60 percent of allpersons who die have evidence of recent or previous pulmonary embolismand conclude that pulmonary embolism is the leading cause of death in Indiapossible reasons for disagreeing with the conclusion include all the followingexcept:

D;The exact proportion of deaths due to pulmonary embolism is not known and could only be det

random sample of all personswho died. This would avoid the problem of selection bias (only cautopsies). The study should be large enough to avoid random error(perhaps the cited study founautopsies), and the investigators should have careful and precise definitions of pulmonary emdiagnosis of the condition. The association between pulmonary embolism and death may be due other factor causes both. Thus, pulmonary embolism, though present, may not be the cause orefers to an apparent increase in survival among persons whose disease is detected by screeninsurvival of cancer patients identified on screening might appear to be prolonged simply as a result

survival time earlier in the course of disease.

Confounding

Selection bias

Random error

Lead-time bias

10 Which statement is true concerning measures of central tendency ? B;

When more outlying values are larger than the rest of the values, the data are said to be skewmedian is smaller than the mean. If more outlying values are smaller than the rest, the data are sleft, and the median is larger than the mean. The median is more robust than the mean becauextreme observations and is a more appropriate measure of central tendency when extreme valuset. The mode, the mean, and the medianare all the same for a symmetrical distribution of data.be illustrated as follows:

If more outlying observations are smaller than the rest of the values , the

data are skewed to the right If more outlying observation is larger than the rest of the values ,the median will be

smaller than the mean

If the data are skewed to the left , the means is larger than the median

The median is more sensitive than the means to extreme observation

11 The use of matching as a technique to control for control for confounding ismost appropriate for which type of study ?.

B;Matching is a technique used in the design of the study to control for confounding. Subjects enro

matched for age, gender, smoking, or any variable that is not being analyzed. This technique is not studies as it would often be too time-consuming, restrictive, and expensiveto find a match for each

study. Controlling for confounding is done in the analysis and a large group is recruited. The techniqwhen dealing with small case-control studies where the number of subjects enrolled would be too sresults if stratified by subgroups. Randomization is used in clinical trials to control confounding(samlarge. Matchingcannot be used in correlation studies or cross-sectional studies: these are descripti


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disease occurrence and they do not have control groups to test a hypothesis

A large-scale cohort studyA case-control study with a small number of cases

A clinical trial with a factorial design

A cross-sectional study with multiple variables

12 The crude death rate in a developed country is 150/100000. The crude death

rate in a smaller, developing country is 75/100000. Based on these data, whichone of the following statement is correct?

D;Comparison of crude death rates of countries with different population compositions is fruitlesdeath rates to a standard population gives age-adjusted rates, which can be compared. Developcrude death rates because a larger proportion of their population is elderlyand thus has a highSince rates account for population size, a larger population can be compared with a smaller one. factor in evaluating health care systems.

The health care system of the developing country is far better than that in the

developed countryMore people die in the developed country because it has larger population

Death rate in the developing country are the lower due to the emigration effect

Crude death rate are usually higher in developed countries because of a

higher proportion of older person in the population

13 PQLI includes all except: A;

physical quality of life index

Combines the infant mortality, life expectancy at age one and literacy It is also scaled from 0 to 100and objective is to attain PQLI of 100. It measures the outcome

political policies and does not replace GNP.

Human development index

Adult literacy rate and mean years of schooling and life expectancy at birth. Its value ranges from 0 to 1 Income as real GDP per capita in purchasing power (in dollars)

Actual value - Minimum valueCalculation of Indices = -------------------------------------------------------

Maximum value - Minimum value

Established fixed minimum and maximum values of indicators are:25 yrs and 85 yrs for life expectancy at birth.


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0% and 100 % for adult literacy rate0% and 100 % for combined gross enrolment ratio100 and 40,000-real GDP per capitaHDI is average of all three indices

Per capita income

Life expectancy at age 1 year

Literacy

Infant mortality

14 Which one of the following is NOT a socio-economic indicator: D;HALE- Health-adjusted life expectancy): It is the another name given to disability-adjusted (DALE) comprises life expectancy at birth plus time spent in poor health. DALY (Disability-admeasurement of burden of diseaseand achievement of intervention in one lost year of healthy life Health care delivery indicators:a. Doctor-nurse ratiob. Doctor-population ratioc. Population per traditional birth attendantd. Population per health /sub centere. Population bed ratio

Socio-economic indicators:a. Level of unemploymentb. Dependency ratioc. Rate of population increased. Per capita income

e. Family sizef. Literacy rates ,especially female literacy ratesg. Housing: The number of person per roomh. Per capita "calorie" availability

Literacy rate

Family size

Housing

Life expectancy at birth

15 All are true of standardized mortality ratio except: A;

Observed deaths x 100Standardized mortality ratio (SMR) =----------------------------------------

Expected deathIf the ratio had value greater than 100, the risk of mortality rises.

SMR permit adjustment for age and it is of value if the event of interest is occurrence of diseasOther standardization techniqueso Life tableo Regression techniques


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Multivariate analysisExpressed as rate per year

Can be adjusted for age

Can be used for events other than death

Ratio of observed deaths to expected deaths

16 Weight in kg is: D;Matching variables: Discrete variables as smoking and lung cancer; or exposure and disease ftest of significance usually adopted is the standard error of difference between the two proportions

Continuous variables as age or blood pressure, the test of significance used should be standbetween two means or 't' test.

p < 0.05 is statistically significant but statistical association (p value) does not imply causationOdd's ratio: Measure of the strength of the association between risk factor and outcome; derived frand used for rare diseases

Normal variable

Discrete variable

Confounding variable

Continuous variable

17 Crossover study is done when: A;

Crossover Study

Used where patient serves as his own control.Not suitable

If the drug of interest cures the disease

If the drug is effective only during a certain stages of the disease If the disease changes radically during the period of time required for the study

Control and case are the same

Case and control are different

Control is same and case is different

Case is the same and control is different

18 Incubatory carriers are not an important source of transmission in thefollowing disease:

B;

Reservoir of Infection-

Human Animal

Reservoir in non-living thingsHuman

Subclinical cases:Subclinical infection occurs in most infectious disease, e.g. rubella; mumps; Japanese encephalitis, influenza, diphtheria.

Latent infection:Host does not shed the infectious agent which lies dormant within the host wit


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Fatality

Infectivity

21 All of the following statements concerning meta analysis are true except: A;

Meta analysis combines result from different studies and through statistical methods, calculate an oeffect.Ecological studies use data based on groups of people rather than individuals. Associations observmat not represent associations on an individual level. (ecological bias or ecological falsy)

A study in which the units of analysis are populations or groups, rather thanindividuals

Used to enhance the statistical power of research findings where number in studiesavailable are too small

Is applied by pooling results of small, randomized, controlled trials when no singletrial has large enough numbers to reach a statistical significance.

It combines results from different studies to obtain a numerical estimate of overalleffect.

22 Which of the following is true about Swajaldhara? A;

Swajaldhara was launched on 25thDec. 2002. Swajaldhara has certain fundamental reform princ

adhered to by the state governments and the implementing agencies. Swajaldhara is a commprogramme. Which aims at providing safe drinking water in rural areas, with full ownership of the coSwajaldhara has two components: Swajaldhara I (first dhara) is for a gram panchayat or a group otehsil level) and swajaldhara II (second Dhara) has district as the project area. District water sanctions swajaldhra I.

It is a community led participatory programme

Swajaldhara I has district as the project area

Swajaldhara II is for a gram panchayat or a group of panchayat

All are true

23 First step in investigation of epidemic: B;

Investigation of an epidemic-steps to be followed chronologically are:(1) Verification of diagnosis(2) Confirmation of the existence of an epidemic


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(3) Defining the population at risk(4) Rapid search of all cases and their characteristics(5) Data analysis(6) Formulation of hypothesis(7) Testing of hypothesis(8) Evaluation of ecological factor(9) Further investigation of population at risk(10) Writing the report

Find the sourceConfirm diagnosis

Confirm epidemic

Defining population at risk

24 Which is most economical and best screening: B;

Screening-finding the infections or disease in population who are not seeking health care, escreening for breast cancer.Uses of screening1. Case detection2. Control of disease3. Research purpose4. Educational opportunities

Types of screening

1. Mass-screening i.e best to do but not economical and time consuming.2. High-risk or selective screening i.e economical and results are also good ,so consider beat of all.3. Multiphasic screening i.e not economical

Mass screening

High-risk screening

Multiphasic screening

Any of the above

25 Which of the following aspect is not a part of the targeted goals described forNational AIDS control program, Phase III:

D;

The National health policy 2002 set an aim for AIDS control to achieve zero level growth by year 20NAPCP, National AIDS prevention and control program, Phase III is from year 2007 to year 2012.The goals for NACP, phase III are:

I. Prevention of new infection in high risk groups and general population through:

a. Saturation of coverage of high risk groups with targeted interventions


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b. Scaled up interventions in the general populationII. Increasing proportion of people living with HIV/AIDS who receive care and support and treatmenIII. Strengthening infrastructure, systems human resources in prevention and treatment programs anational levelIV. Strengthening nation wide strategic information management systems

Prevention of new infection in high risk groups

Increasing proportion of people living with HIV/AIDS who receive care and supportand treatment

Strengthening infrastructure, systems human resources in prevention and treatmentprograms at district, state and national levelSafe, controlled and easy blood supply

26 Immunization of preschool children with diphtheria toxoid results in : A;

Diphtheria toxoid alone or in combination with pertussis vaccine and tetanus toxoid induces protecthat persists for around 10 years. Boosters are required every 10 years.Antitoxin antibody do not prevent infection of the respiratory tract with C. diptheriae and do not prevcarrier state.The antibodies are directed against the exotoxin produced by bacteria and not against the bacteriaAdverse reactions from the toxoid are infrequent in infants and young children but are more commadministration of reduced dose of toxoid is recommended for children over 6 yrs of age and adults. symbolized as d and may be combined with tetanus toxoid as Td.

Detectable antitoxin for about 10 years.

Protection against diphtheria carrier state.

Frequent adverse reactions

Protection against infection of the respiratory tract by corynebacterium diphtheriae.

27 Following are complication of chickenpox except: B;

Complication

Pneumonia Acute cerebellar ataxia ------ RAPE

Encephalitis Rey's syndrome

Foetal wastage and birth defects:


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Cutaneous scars

Atrophied limbs Microcephaly and LBW baby

Vaccineunder trial-live attenuated OKA strain

Rey's syndrome

Meningitis

PneumoniaEncephalitis

28 Measles vaccine given to a contact of measles case has incubation period of: C;

Vaccine

All are tissue culture vaccine; HDC -Edmonston Zagreb strain vaccine may protect children fro Diluent to be used is distilled water and reconstituted vaccine should be kept on ice and used w Measles vaccine has recently been adopted for aerosol administration. Measles illness is a mild fever and rash developing 5-10 days after immunization

Immunity develops 11-12 days after vaccination Pregnancy is a contraindication for vaccination other C/I are acute illness, deficient CMI Toxic shock syndrome result as adverse effect of vaccine because of contamination Live measles vaccine should be given 8-12 weeks after immunoglobulin. Incubation period of measles induced by vaccine is 7 days compared with 10 days for natu

susceptible, takes vaccine within 3 days of exposure may be protected against measles.

1 day

3 days

7 days

10 days

29 A list of minimum medicine needs for a basic health care system, listing themost efficacious, safe and cost-effective medicines for priority conditions isknown as

A;

A list of minimum medicine needs for a basic health care system, listing the most eff icacious,

medicines for priority conditions is known as core list. Priority conditions are selected on the basis o

future public health relevance, and potential for safe and costeffective treatment.

The complementary list presents essential medicines for priority diseases, for which specialized d

facilities, and/or specialist medical care, and/or specialist training are needed.

According to WHOs definition, a drug/medicine is counterfeit if it is produced with an intention to


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mislabeling (including fudging expiry date), or no active ingredients, a wrong ingredient, or the cosufficient quantity.

Core list

Complementary list

Counterfeit Medicines

None of the above

30 If a biochemical test gives the same reading for a sample on repeated testing,it is inferred that the measurement is:

A;

All these term used as option is criteria of screening test, so lets discuss the criteria of screening be clear by own.Criteria of screening test.

1. AcceptabilityThe test should be acceptable to population at which it is going to be apply2. Repeatabilit y (Reliability, precision, reproducib ility) The test must give consistent resu

than once on the same individual or material under the same condition.3. Validity (Accuracy) It refer to what extent the test accurately measure which it purports

express the ability of a test to separate or distinguish those who have the disease fraccuracy refer to closeness with which measured values agree with true value.

It has two components.i. SensitivityAbility of test to identify correcting all those who have disease.ii. SpecificityAbility of test to identify correctly all those who do not have disease.So, if test give same reading for a sample on repeated testing means test in precise (i.e Repeatable).

PreciseAccurate

Specific

Sensitive

31 Pie diagram is used to describe: B;

Quantitative data of a group of patients.

Qualitative data of a group of patients

Data collected on nominal scale

Data collated on ordinal scale

32 If false hypothesis is accepted, error committed is : B;

Beta error is also called type II errorAlpha error is called sampling / Type I error

Inference Accept It Reject It Results


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Hypothesis is true Correct decision Type I error False positiveHypothesis is false Type II error Correct decision False negative

Alpha error

Beta error

Gamma error

Delta error

33 As per The National Socio-Demographic Goals to be achieved by the year2010, an aim is to reduce in IMR below ___ per thousand live births.

C;

25

28

30

32

34 In a programme discrete activity that has to be achieved within a

given time frame is called

D;

An objectiveis a planned end point of all activities; it may or may not be achieved.Target often refers to discrete activity that has to be achieved within a given time frameasurable component of the entire goal. They permit the concept of degree of achievement.Goal is define as the ultimate desired state towards which objectives and resources are dconstrained by time or the existing resources nor are they necessarily attainable.Mission in turn refers to attainment of a certain goal within a stipulated time period with addedprogram wherein all resources and activities are to be utilized to its fullest extent to achieve thattention is also given to the supervisory and evaluation aspect; in a nutshell it is the mode in attain the target

Objective

Target

Mission

Goal

35 All of the following disease have sporadic mode of prevalence except: B;

Polio

Typhoid

Tetanus

Meningococcal meningitis

36 In which of the following diseases, successful animal trial has been done fororal vaccine?

B;

Oral vaccines: The successful introduction of oral vaccines for the immunization of foxes is a gre

rabies prophylaxis of wild-life. An attempted live rabies vaccine harmless but immunizing to foxes

distributed over the foxes habitat. Successful control of wild animals rabies particularly foxes


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Canada, Germany and Switzerland by the use of oral vaccine baits. The technique holds muc

control of rabies not only in foxes but also in other wild-life species.

Tetanus

Rabies

Measles

Hepatitis B

37 Which of the following test is not use to check milk pasteurization : D;

Phosphatase Test is used to check inadequate pasteurization or the addition of raw milk. It is bamilk contains an enzyme called phosphatase, which is destroyed on heating at a temperature whwith the standard time and temperature required for proper pasteurization. At 60C for 30 mdestroyed completely.Standard plate count

It checks bacteriological quality

Western countries enforce of 30,000 bacterial count permit of pasteurized milkColiform countPresence of coliform in pasteurized milk indicate either improper pasteurization contaminationColiforms should be absent in 1 ml of milk.

Methylene blue reduction test is used to detect contaminated milk.

Standard plate count

Phosphatase test

. Coliform count

Methylene blue reduction test

38 National Health Plan (1983) has proposed one primary health center forevery. population in hilly areas:

B;

National Health Plan (1983) has proposed reorganization of Primary health centers on the basicenter for every 30,000 population in rural population in the plains and one PHC for every 20,000 and backward areas for more effective coverage.

Health centre and health personal Population and Area

A subcentre centre a population of 5000 in general 3000 in hilly, tribal A PHC centre a population of 30000 in general 20000in hilly, triba

A community health centre 80000 to 1.2 lakhA health assistant (Male & Female) 30,000 in general or at populatio

backward areaA male and female health workers are at 5000 in general 3000 in hilly tribal bA health guide 1000 population


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An anganwadi workers 1000 populationA trained dai 1000 population

10,000

. 20,000

25,000

30,000

39 All of the following states are included in Empowered Action Group (EAG)except?

D;

Empowered Action Group (EAG)An Empowered Action Group has been constituted in the ministry of health and family welfareHealth and Family Welfare as chairman on 20 thMarch 2001. as 55 percent of the increase in thanticipated in the states of Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan, Orissa, ChhatUttaranchal, these states are perceived to be most deficient in critical socio-demographic indicestate will get f ocused attention for different health and family welfare programmes.

UP

Rajasthan

Chatissgarh

Gujrat

40 Rickettsia typhi is transmitted by: D;

Rickettsia typhi is maintained in mammalian host/flea cycles, with rats (Rattus rattus and RattOriental Rat FLEA (Xenopsylla cheopis) as the classic zoonotic niche. Fleas acquire R. typhi frocarry the organisms for the rest of their lives. Nonimmune rats and humans get infected when Ricare "scratched" into pruritic bite lesions. Less frequently, the flea bite itself transmits the organisms

of transmission is the inhalation of aerosolsof flea feces.

Mite

Tick

Louse

Flea

41 While managing a case of Dengue haemorrhagic fever (DHF) a rough estimateof flow is derived from the formula:

A;

The management of DHF during the febrile phase. A rise in hematocrit value indicates significant p

for parenteral fluid therapy. Serial hematocrit determination, every four to six hours, and frequent

are recommended for adjusting the fluid replacement in order to assure adequate volume

overtransfusion. A rough estimate of flow may be derived from the f ormula:

mi/hour = (drop/min) x 3


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ml/hour = drop/min x 3




42 Prevalence rate of leprosy is not high in the state of: Leprosy is widely prevalent in our country. It accounts for about 60.9% of the global recorded casprevalence rate in the states of UP, MP, Bihar, Orissa and W est Bengal. These five states contriload.

Uttar Pradesh

West Bengal

.orissa

Maharashtra

43 Which of the following toxin present in Crotalaria seeds: C;

Disease Agent ToxinAflatoxinism Aspergillus flavus Aflatoxins

Neurolathyrism L. sativus (Khesari dal) BOAAErgotoxinism Claviceps fusiformis Ergot toxin

Epidemic dropsy Argimone Mexicana (seeds) Sanguinarine (Alkaloid)Endemic Ascites Crotolaria seeds (Jhunjhunia) Pyrrolizidine (Alkaloid)Fusarium toxinism Fusarium incamatus Fusarium toxin

Neurolathyrism is a crippling disease of nervous system. It is characterized by gradually developlower limbs. It occurs mostly in adults consuming the pulse, Lathyrus sativus in large quantitielathyrus seeds has been identified as Beta Oxalyl Amino Alanine (BOAA).

BOAA

Sanguinarine

Pyrrolizidine

Aflatoxin

44 Most common indirect cause of maternal mortality in our country is: B;

CAUSE OF MATERNAL DEATH PERCENTAGE

Severe bleeding (MC cause) 25

Indirect cause (anemia, malaria, heart disease) 20

Infection 15

Unsafe abortions 13

Eclampsia 12

Obstructed labor 08


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Other direct causes (ectopic pregnancy, embolism, anesthesia related) 08

Twenty percent of maternal deaths are due to indirect causes, ie the result of pre-existing diseasehat developed during pregnancy, which are not due to direct obstetric cause but are aggravphysiological effects of pregnancy. Of indirect causes, ANEMIA is the most significant cause of maOther important indirect causes of maternal mortality are hepatitis, cardiovascular diseases, andendocrine and metabolic System.

Hemorrhage

AnemiaHeart disease

Infection

45 As per WHO all the following are true about management of acute severedermatolymphangioadinitis (severe ADLA) except:

C;

Management of Severe ADLAa. Give in IV benzylpenici llinb. In case of allergy to penicillin give IV erythromycinc. Give analgesic / antipyretic such as paracetamol;Do not give any antif i larial medicine

Penicillin

Erythromycin

Antifilarial medication

Antipyretic

46For effective group discussion, the group should comprise participants? B;For effective group discussion, the group should comprise not less than 6 and not more than 12 me

participants are all seated in a circle, so that each is fully visible to all the others. There should be ainitiates the subject, helps the discussion in the proper manner, prevents side-conversation, encourparticipate and sums up the discussion in the end.

3 to 5

6 to 12

13 to 16

.17 to 20

47 World famous MRFIT trial was done for which of the following disease? B;

The multiple risk factor intervention trial (MRFIT) was carried out in USA for CAD, aimed at high ris57 years.

Diabetes.CAD

. HIV


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TB

48 Which of the following is the definite host for Echinococcus granulosus: D;

The life cycle of Echinococcus granulosa is basically a dog sheep cycle with man as an accidentaadult tapeworm lives in the small intestine of dogs, which is the definitive host, for 2 to 4 years. Huingestion of the eggs of Echinococcus granulosa accidentally with food, unwashed vegetables or wfaeces from the infected dog.

Man

Sheep

. HorseDog

49 Which of the following is the national level system that provides annualnational as well as state level reliable estimates of fertility and mortality?

D;

Since civil registration is deficient in India, a Sample Registration System (SRS) was started in the reliable estimates of birth and deathrates at the national and state level. SRS now covers the entirsource of health information. Since the introduction of this system, more reliable information on birtspecific mortality and fertility rates, infant and adult mortality, etc. have been available

Civil Registration System

Census

Adhoc Survey

Sample Registration System

50 Which of the following is the nodal ministry for Integrated Child Development

Services Program CenterA;

The Government of India, in the Ministry of Social and Women's Welfare in 1975, initiated IntegrServices

Programme Lunched in Ministry1. Vitamin A prophylaxis programme2. Prophylaxis against nutritional anaemia3. Iodine deficiency disorders controlprogramme

197019741962 Ministry of health and family w

1. Special nutrition programme2. Balwadi nutrition programme3. ICDS programme

197019701975

Ministry of social & Womens

1. Midday meal programme 1961 Ministry of education

At present ICDS programme runs by HRD (Human Resource and Development) ministry.

Ministry of social & Womens Welfare

Ministry of Rural DevelopmentMinistry of Health and Family Welfare


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Ministry of Social Justice

51 Poorest source of vitamin C among following is: B;

Dietary sources of vitamin cMg/100 g Mg/100 g

Fruits: Vegetables:Amla - 600 Cabbage - 124Guava - 212 Amaranth - 99Lime - 63 Cauliflower - 56Orange - 30 Spinach - 28Tomato - 27 Brinjal - 12

Germinated pulses Poatoes - 17Bengal gram - 16 Radish - 15

Guava

Orange

Lime

Cabbage

52 As per WHO criteria for diagnosis of rheumatic fever(RF), recurrent attack ofRF in a patient with established RHD is diagnose by:.

C;

WHO criteria for the diagnosis of rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease (based on the revise1. Primary episode of RE - Two major or one major and two minor, manifestat ion plus evid

preceding group A streptococcal infection.2. Recurrent attack of RF in a - Two major or one major and two minor, manifestation plus evidpatient without established a preceding group A streptococcal infectionrheumatic heart disease.3. Recurrent attack of RF in - Two minor, manifestat ion plus evidence of a preceding group A

a patient with established streptococcal infection.RHD is diagnose by

Two major or one major and two minor, manifestation plus evidence of a precedinggroup A streptococcal infection.

Two major manifestation plus evidence of a preceding group A streptococcalinfection.

Two minor manifestation plus evidence of a preceding group A streptococcalinfectionTwo major or one major and two minor, manifestation

53 Iodine deficiency is associated with all except: C;

The spectrum of iodinedeficiency disorders in approximate order of increasing severity.Disorders:

GoiterHypothyroidismSubnormal intelligence


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Delayed motor milestonesMental deficiencyHearing defectsSpeech defectsStrabismus (squint)NystagmusSpasticity (extrapyramidal)Neuromuscular weaknessEndemic cretinismIntrauterine death(Spontaneous abortion, m iscarriage

Mental retardationStill births

High infants mortality ratesStrabismus

54 Voluntary scheme wherein any MBBS doctor can volunteer for providing safemotherhood services is:

B;

This is a Voluntary scheme wherein any obstetric and gynaec specialist, maternity home, nursdoctor/MBBS doctor can volunteer themselves for providing safe motherhood services. The endisplay Vandemataram logo at their clinic. Iron and Folic Acid tablets, oral pills, TT injectionsthe respective District medical officers to the Vandemataram doctors/clinics for free distributiocases needing special care and treatment can be referred to the government hospitals, who htake due care of the patients coming with Vandemataram cards.

Janani suraksha yojna

Vandemataram scheme

NHRM

RCH II

55 The recommended daily requirement of vitamin A for pregnant woman is: A;

Group Retinol (mcg)Man 600Woman 600Pregnancy 600Lactation 950

Infants 0 to 12 months 350

Children1 to 6 year 400

7 to 12 years 600Adolescents13 to 19 years 600


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750 mcg

900 mg

1200 mcg

1500 mg

56 Amino acid deficient in wheat is: C;

All cereals are deficient in lysine amino acid but wheat all deficient in threonine.Pulses Cereals

Limiting Amino Acid Methionine and Cystine LysineWheatLysine and threonine

MaizeLysine and tryptophanException: Rice is a cereal which than other cereals

Leucine

Methionine

Lysine

Cystine

57 True about folic acid and vitamin B12 is all except: B;Folic Acid Vitamin B12

Source leafy vegetable, liver meat, egg, dairy product Liver, kidney, meat, fish, eggsStability Heat unstable Heat stableBody storage 5 to 10 mg 4 mg (2 mg in liver, 2 mg in otAbsorption in jejunum ilium

RDAHealthy adults100 mcg - 1 mcgPregnancy400 mcg - 1.5 mcgLactation150 mcg - 1.5 mcgChildren100 mcg - 0.2 mcg

FA Is heat unstable while vit B12 is heat stable.

Recommended daily allowances for folic acid is 1000 micro grams

Vegetarians have vitamin B12 deficit

Deficiency of both causes megaloblastic anaemia

58 The vitamin a supplement administered in Prevention of nutritional blindnessin children programe contain:

B;

The Government of India started its national Vit. A prophylaxis programme for the prevention of 1970 based on periodic massive dosing of children with 200,000 IU of retinol palmitate in oil every

children.IAP book suggest 2ml of Vit A for Vit. A prophylaxis in preschool children. It means 1ml contains 000 IV Vit. A)Prevention and Control of Xerophthalmia


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Short term action Medium term action LonAdministration of large dose of Vit. Aorally in recommended dose tovulnerable group on periodic basis1. Children < 12 mo1 lac IUonceevery 46 mo2. Children > 12 mo2 lac IUonceevery 4-6 months3. New born50, 000 IUat birth4. Women of child bearing age3 lacIUwithin one month of giving birth

5. Pregnant and lactating women 5000 IU daily or 20,000 IU weekly

Vitamin A fortification of certain foodeg. Addition of vitamin A to dalda.

Reduce factordisease. Eg.1. Promote cleafy vegetablfood.2. Promote bre3. Immunizatdisease e.g. m4. Prompt treat5. Social and h

25,000 i.u./ml

1 lakh i.u./ml

3 lakh i.u./ml

5 lakh i.u./ml

59 Which one of the following is not formal managers power? C;

Managers Power

Position power Formal power Personal power

Legitimate Reward Coercive Expert RefeEmployees generally - Promotion - With held rewards It arise form It arAccept due to - Bonuses - inflict punishment managers special by aPosition of manger - Day off knowledge, skills othe

Employees usually expertisecomply with the workrelated directivesissued by manager.

Reward

Coercive

Legitimate

Day off60 Universal precaution is applied to: C;

The concept of universal precaution emphasizes:


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Prevention of needle stick injuries.

The use of traditional barrier such as glove and gowns. The use of mask and eye covering The use of individual ventilation devices.The CDS (centre of disease control and prevention) recommended that universal precaution apply to blood, secretion, amniotic, cerebrospinal, pericardial, peritoneal, pleural and synovial fluid and to other body fluid

.Stool

Sputum

Semen

Urine

61 Safe limit of fluorine in drinking water is:. C; Optimum concentration of fluorine in drinking water is 0.5-0.8 ppm (mg/lit.) Deficiency of fluorine leads to dental caries while excess of fluorine causes dental and skeletal flu

0.1-0.3 mg/lit.

1-1.5 mg/lit.

0.5-0.8 mg/lit.3-3.5 mg/lit.

62 Tick transmits all, EXCEPT: C;

Japanese encephalitis is transmitted by culicine mosquitoes. Diseases transmitted by ticks:

Hard ticks transmit1. Tick typhus (Rocky Mountain spotted fever)2. Tularemia3. Kyasanur forest disease4. Tick paralysis5. Human babesiosis6. Colorado tick fever7. Viral encephalitis

Soft ticks transmit1. Q fever2. Kyasanur forest disease3. Relapsing fever

Kyasanur forest disease is transmitted by a wide variety of ticks including hard as well as soft tick

Tularemia

Kyasanur forest disease

Japanese encephalitis


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Typhus

63 Natural focus is related to which of the following disease? C;

Worldwide, rodent plague is still firmly entrenched in its natural foci. A natural focus of plague has

strictly delimited area where ecological conditions ensure the persistence of the aetiological agent

of time, and where epizootics and periods of quiescence alternate, without introduction of infection

Rabies

Measles

Plague

HIV

64 Aflatoxin is produced by: B;

Aflatoxin is a food toxin produced by fungi, Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus. Aspergillus fumigatus

Aspergillus flavus

Aspergillus niger

All of the above

65 Which of the following is best method for prevention of guinea worm disease: B;Man acquires guinea worm disease by drinking water containing infected cyclops.Thus, the key to eradication of the disease is provision of safe drinking water and educating the pe

water through double thickness cotton clothActive search for new cases

Use of cotton cloth to filter the water

Use of mosquito repellents

Chlorination of water

66 Which of the following is true about WHO standards recommended fordrinking water;

A;The maximum recommended concentration of nitrates in drinking water is below 50 mg/lit.

Constituents Recommended maximum concentration in drinks water (mg/lit)Lead 0.01Nitrate 50Nitrite 3Manganese 0.5Fluoride 1.5Hardness 300

Hardness of water below 300 mg/litre


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Lead below 0.1 mg/litre

Nitrates below 0.01 mg/litre

Nitrites below 50 mg/litre

67 According to WHO, the conventional oral rehydration solution (ORS) besidesglucose 20g/lit. and sodium; chloride 3.5g/lit, also contains:.

c;

Remember the following composition of ORS-bicarbonate:

Constituents of ORS WHO ORS (gm) New WHO ORS (gm)NaCl 3.5 2.6KCL 1.5 1.5Trisodium citrate 2.9 2.9Glucose 20 13.5

Potable water 1 litre 1 litreConstituents of ORS WHO ORS (meq/L) New WHO ORS (meq/L)

Na+ 90 75Cl- 80 65

K+ 20 20Citrate 10 10Glucose 110 75Osmolarity 310 245

Role of glucose enhances the intestinal absorption of salts and water.

Trisodium Citrate increasing intestinal absorption of Na+ and water Glucose in new WHO ORS is change from 20gm to 13.5 gm At higher concentration glucose

takes its osmotic penalty stool vol is increased. Therefore ORS in children with acute nimproved by reducing Na+ and glucose concentration 75 meq/L and total osmolarity to 245 mo

3.5g calcium chloride and 2.5 g potassium chloride

2.9 g sodium hydroxide and 1.5g sodium acetate

2.5 g sodium bicarbonate and 1.5g potassium chloride

1 g potassium hydroxide and 1.5g potassium chloride

68 Protein content of rice is: C;

Serial Protein contentRice 7Whole wheat 11.8Dry maize 11.1

1.0g%

11.0g%7.0 g%


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17g%

69 Sewage is defined as: C;

Sewage is defined as waste water from community containing solid and liquid excreta."Sullage" is waste water from the community which does not contain human excreta e.g., waste wabathrooms.

Discarded waste arising from man's activities

Waste matter arising from preparation, cooking and consumption of food

Waste water from community containing solid and liquid excreta

Waste water which does not contain human excreta

70 Mass treatment is given in trachoma if prevalence of moderate and severetrachoma in children below 10 years of age is more than:

B;

A prevalence of trachoma of more than 5% in children below 10 years of age is an indication for matreatment,

The mass treatment for trachoma consists of twice daily application of 1% tetracycline oint5 consecutive days each month for 6 consecutive months; or for 60 consecutive days

1%

5%

10%

25%

71 Which of the following is true about chi-square test: C;Chi-square test is used for testing the significance of difference between two proportions. Its advanbe used when more than two groups is to be compared.

Tests the significance of difference between two proportions

Also be used when more than two groups are to be compared

Both A and B

None of the above

72 Daily calorie requirement according to ICMR standards in a non pregnant, nonlactating woman employed in hard manual labour is;

D;

Groups Energy allowance per day (in kcals)

Reference maleLight work 2425Moderate work 2875Heavy work 3800


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to 12 years old. It is caused by human parvovirus 819. The rash develops after fever has resolvederythema on the cheeks (slapped cheek appearance) with perioral pallor.

Erythema infectiosum

Rubeolla infantum

Dukes disease

Measles

76 The head quarters of UNESCO is located in: C;UNITED NATIONS EDUCATIONAL, SCIENTIFIC AND CULTURAL ORGANIZATION (UNESCO

1946 to encourage collaboration among nation in the areas of science, culture, and communicationlocated in PARIS, France

New Delhi

Geneva

Paris

New York

77 Double blind study means: C;

Observer is blind about the study

Person or groups being observed are blind about the study

Both observer and observed group is blind

Interpreters and analyzers are blind about study

78 Mala N contains: A;Mala N contains 0.3 mg norgestrel and 0.03 mg ethinyl oestradiol. It is supplied free of costCenters and urban family welfare centers.Mala D is available in market at affordable price but constituents are same.

Norgestrel 0.3 mg + ethinyl oestradiol 0.03 mg

Medroxyprogesterone acetate 150 mg

Levonorgestrel 0.25 mg + ethinyl oestradiol 0.03 mg

Desogestrel 0.3 mg + ethinyl oestradiol 0.03 mg

79 Rajiv Gandhi Shramik Kalyan Yojna came into effect from B;

Rajiv Gandhi Shramik Kalyan YojnaThe ESI corporation has launched a new Yojna for the employees covered under the ESI provides an unemployment allowance for the employees covered under ESI scheme whoareinvoluntarily due to retrenchment / closure of factory etc. after fulfilling certain eligibility cocame into effect from 1

stApril, 2005.


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2NDOctober 2005

1stApril 2005

14TH

Nov 2005

15TH

Aug 2005

80 In India, the most important vector for Japanese encephalitis is;. A;

Japanese encephalitis is transmitted by a culicine mosquitoes viz. C. tritaeniorhynchus, C. vishnuiIndia, the most important vector is culex tritaeniorhynchus.

Culex tritaeniorhychnus

Culex fatigans

Aedes aegypti

Anopheles culicifacies

81 According to WHO, which of the following is not a notifiable disease:. D;The diseases notifiable to WHO are1. Cholera 2. Plague 3. Yellow fever

Diseases under international surveillance are1. Relapsing fever 2. Malaria 3. Polio4. Rabies 5. Influenza6. Salmonellosis 7. Louse-borne typhus

Cholera

Plague

Yellow fever

Poliomyelitis

82 High stationary phasein demography is. D; In the late expanding or the third stage of the demographic cycle the birth rate tends todeclines still further and the population continues to grow as the births exceeds deaths eg: India, CHigh BR & DR-(so population remains stationary) characterize the first stage or high stationarycycle, eg; India before 1920 (option d).2

nd or early expanding stage: BR remains unchanged & DR begins to decline but populatio

BR>DR eg: South Asian & African countries (option b)4

th (Low stationary) stage: low BR & DR with the result the population remains stationary eg:

Annual growth rate of population remains zero.5

th(Declining) stage: population begins to decline as the BR is less than DR eg: Hungary & Germ

B.R. in low D.R. v. low

B.R. static D.R.


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B.R. less than D.R.

B. R. High D. R. High

83 National institute for mentally handicapped (NIMH) is located at: A; National institute for mentally handicapped (NIMH) was setup in 1984 at Secunderabad. It has rMumbai, New Delhi and Kolkata. The NIMH seres as an apex organization for developing appropriathe mentally handicapped.

Secunderabad

Ranchi

Lucknow

Banglore

84 Katathermometer is used to measure: A;Katathermometer is a device consisting of two thermometers, one a dry bulb and the other a wthermometers are heated to 43.3C and the time required for each thermometer to fall from 37.8 todry bulb gives the cooling power by radiation and convection, the wet bulb by radiation, convection

Cooling power of air

Maximum temperature

Minimum temperature

Body temperature

85 Cut off of Indian reference man are all except: C;An Indian reference man is b/w 20-39 yrs of age & weighs 60 kg. He is free from disease andwork. On each working day he is employed for 8 hrs in occupation that involves moderate activity, shrs sitting & moving around & 2 hrs in walking and in active recreation or household duties.All the parameters for a reference female is the same except that she weighs 50 kgs.

8 hrs in occupation8 hrs in bed

8 hrs of sitting

2 hrs in walking

86 Diphtheria most commonly affects children between the age group of: B;Diphtheria is a rare acute infectious diseasecharacterized by the formation of a false memsurface and occasionally on the skin. It is caused by Corynebacterium diphtheriae. Diphtheria pabetween one to five years of age. The disease is rare under 1 year of age.

6 months to 1 year

1 to 5 years

10-12 years

12 to 14 years

87 All of the following are correct about disinfectants except: C; Phenol is not a very effective disinfectant but is used as a standard to compare the germdisinfectants. However it is effective against gram negative & gram positive bacteria & certain effective against spores & AFB. It is not readily inactivated by organic matter but greatly weakeneshould never be used in strengths less than 10% for disinfection of feces & urine & as a 5% s


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iv. Preference for male children.v. Desired family size complete family size: indicates the total number of children born by a womchild bearing age (between 15-45 years):

Number of members in a family

Number of daughters born in a family

Number of children that will be born by a female

Number of daughters that will be born by a female as per prevailing mortality rate

92 Mid-day meals provided in schools is: B;

. One half of calories and one half of protein

One-third of calories and one half of protein

One-half of calories and one-third of protein

One-third of calories and one-fourth of protein

93 Which of the following is the most sensitive index of recent transmission ofmalaria:

A;

Infant Parasite Rate is regarded as the most sensitive indexof recent transmission of malaria in a"the percentage of infants below the age of one year showing malarial parasites in their blood filmssuccessive yearsin a locality, it is regarded as absence of malaria transmission even though the aresponsible for previous transmission may remain

Infant parasite rate

Proportional case rateParasite rate

Parasite density index

94 Wrist drop may be caused by working in: D;

Aniline industry

Asbestos industry

.Gas industry

Battery industry

95 Benzidine is associated with: A;

Cancer of bladder is caused by aromatic amines, which are metabolized in body and excreted in upossible bladder carcinogens are 2-naphthylamine, 4-aminobiphenyl, and benzidine, auraminindustry, rubber, gas and electric cableindustries are associated with carcinoma of bladder

Bladder cancer


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Skin cancer

Lung cancer

Leukemia

96 One anganwadi worker is for D;Under the ICDS scheme, there is one anganwadi worker for a population of 1,000. There are 10in one ICDS project

1,000 children

3,000 children

3,000 population

1,000 population

97 Cyclopropagative biological transmission takes place in: B; Biological transmission is of three typesTypes of transmission Description Examples1. Propagative Agent multiplies in vector with- Plague, bacilli in rat fleas

out undergoing change in form.2. Cyclo propagative Agent multiplies as well as changes Malaria parasite in mosquito

form in the vector3. Cyclodevel- Agent only changes form without Microfilaria in mosquito

opmental multiplying in the vectorPlague

Malaria

Filaria

Guineaworm

98 The vaccine for yellow fever is valid till: A; 170 vaccine is the recommended vaccine for yellow fever. It is a live attenuated vaccine wnonvirulent strain. It is administered subcutaneouslyat the insertion of deltoidin a single dose ofto appear on the 7th day and lasts for more than 35 years. However. World Health Orrevaccination after 10 years for international travel.

10 years

20 years

40 years

50 years

99 Which is the latest recommendation by WHO, for intrapartum pregnant womenwith HIV needing ART should be treated with?

(AZT=Ziduvidine,3TC=Lamuvidine, NVP=Nevirapine)

C;Recommended first line combination antiretroviral treatment regiments for pregnant woman:

Mother


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Antepartum AZT + 3TC + NVP twice dailyIntrapartum AZT + 3TC + NVP twice dailyPostpartum AZT + 3TC + NVP twice daily

Sd-NVP+AZT

AZT/3TC

AZT + 3TC + NVP

None of the above

100 Which of the following is true regarding Varicella-zoster virus infection: D;

Varicella-zoster virus causes two distinct clinical entities: varicella, or chickenpox, and herpes

The incubation period of chickenpox ranges between 10 and 21 days but is usually between 1 Rash is pleomorphic i.e. different stages of rash are seen at one given time, because rash

crops. Secondary attack rates in susceptible siblings Within a household are between 70 and 90 perc Rash has centripeta l distribution. The communicability period of patients ranges from 1-2 days before the appearance of rash

The virus tends to die out before the pustular stage.

Rash has centrifugal distribution

Incubation period is of 30-100 days

Secondary attack rate is about 50%

Scales are not infectious

101 Which is a second generation STD? B;Most of the recently recognized STDs are now referred to as second generation STDs. AIDS, threcognized, is totally new disease

Syphilis

AIDS

Gonorrhea

None of the above

102 As per ESI Act, sickness benefit acts for: A;ESI Act 1948 has made provisions for sickness benefit to insured persons. It consists of periodinsured person in case of sickness, if his sickness is duly certified by an Insurance Medical Officpractitioner. It is payable for a maximum period of 91 daysin any continuous period of 365 daysabout 7/12 of average daily wages. However, in addition to 91 days of sickness benefit, insured certain long-term diseases are entitled to extended sickness benefit.

91 days

30 days

56 days


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46 days

103 All of the following rabies vaccines are commercially available except: B;Rabies vaccines currently in use are:1. Nervous tissue vaccines Derived from adult animal nervous tissue (sheep) Derived from suckling mouse brain2. Duck embryo vaccine3. Cell culture vaccine Human diploid cell vaccine

Second generation tissue culture (animal cell) vaccines Veracillin vaccine

Duck embryo vaccine

Recombinant glycoprotein vaccine

HDCV

Killed sheep brain vaccine

104 Hardy-Weinberg Rule is related to: A;Hardy-Weinberg Rule is a set of algebraic formulas that describe how the proportion of differensame over time in a large population of individuals. Specifically, this rule indicates how often paforms of a particular gene that contain specific information about a trait, should occur in a populatiohow often particular genotypes, the actual combination of genes an organism carries and may pshould appear in that same population. By studying these allelic and genotypic frequenciespopulations that are c hanging genetically, or evolving. British mathematician Godfrey Harold HardyWilhelm Weinberg independently described the rule in 1908. American mathematician mathematician Sir Ronald Fisher, and British geneticist John B. S. Haldane then used the Hardy-Wmathematical theories of evolution. These theories formed the basis for a new branch of sciencgenetics.

Population genetics

Health economics

Social medicine

None of the above

105 In India the natural reservoir of plague is: D;Wild rodents are the natural reservoirs of plague. In India the wild rodent Tatera indica are t he domestic rat, Rattus rattus as once thought.

Mus maskina

Rattus rattus

Rattus novergicus

Tetera indica


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106 A person is said to be under weight if his BMI is less than B;

18

18.50

19

17.50

107 Which of the following is true regarding trickling filter A; Trickling filter method is used for treating effluent from the primary sedimentation tank. Tricklinlayer over the surface and down through the filter. Zoogleal layer is a very complex biological growfungi, protozoa and bacteria-of many kinds. Trickling filters do not need rest pauses, because withe beds supplying the oxygen needed by the zoogleal flora. The action of the tricking filter is pu

not the mechanical one as suggested by the name.

It has biological zoogleal layer.It acts purely as a mechanical filter

It is used for primary treatment of sewage

It needs rest pauses for cleaning

108 Dose of malathion used for residual insecticidal action is (mg/square foot) : A; Dose of malathion used for residual insecticidal action is 100 -200 mg/square foot area. Dose of DDT used for residual insecticidal action is also 100-200 mg. per square foot area.

100-200

25-50

10-20

500-1000109 Coefficient of correlation is calculated to find: B;

Coefficient of correlation is calculated to establish or rule out the presence ofsignificant associationbet

The correlation coefficient has a value between -1.0 and +1.0.

Value of other variable if the value of one variable is known

Whether there is significant association between two variables

Difference between two proportions

Standard deviation

110 Which of the following is true about chlorination B; Chlorine acts best as a disinfectant when the pH of water is around 7 because of the predominacid, the form which is mainly responsible for the disinfecting action of chlorine.

Orthotolidine test measures both total and free chlorine Polio virus, spores and giarida escapes frochlorine.


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Orthotolidine test measures free chlorine

Acts best when pH is around 7

Kills bacteria, viruses and spores

Disinfecting action is mainly due to hypochlorite ions

111 Which of the following is not true about polio? C;The main route of spread of polio is faeco-oral route. This route is particularly more important inTransmission of polio virus by droplet infection may occur in the acute phase of the disease when tthroat but this mode of transmission is important only in developed countries and is not t he main ro

Type 1 strain is responsible for epidemics of paralytic polio

Type 2 strain is most immunogenic

Transmission is mainly by droplet infection

Man is only reservoir of infection

112 In census literacy rate is assessed by: C;In 1991 census it was decided that the term literacy rate would be used for the population relatinabove. A person is deemed as literate if he/she can read and write with understanding in any languhas been continued in census of 2001 also

Attended literacy classes for one year

Ability to write signature

Ability to read and write

Ability to read newspaper

113 In vaginal sponge the chemical used is:Nonoxynol A; TODAY (vaginal sponge) is a small polyurethane foam sponge measuring 5 cm x 2.5 cm, and

spermicide, nonoxynol-9.

Mifepristone

Progestrone

Ethinyl estradiol

114 Maximum calories per 100 gm are found in: C;

Banana

Black gram

Bengal gram

Wheat115 Which of the following is the richest source of vitamin A: B;


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Amaranth

Halibut liver oil

Green leafy vegetable

Orange

116 Which of the following is false regarding propagated epidemic: D;Propagated Epidemic is generally of infectious origin and it results from person to person transagent. It usually shows a gradual rise and trails off over a much longer period of time. The speed oherd immunity, opportunities for contact and secondary attack rate. Examples of propagated epihepatitis A and polio.

It shows gradual rise and falls of very slowly

Herd immunity reduces transmission

Spreads from person to person

Secondary waves are absent

117 Acute flaccid paralysis is reported in a child aged B;Acute flaccid paralysis is defined as paralysis of acute onset (less than 4 weeks) and the affecflaccid, and floppy. WHO has recommended immediate reporting and investigation of every case than 15 years and collection of two stool samples for analysis in a laboratory accredited by WHO.

0-25 years

0-15 years

0-5 years

0-3 years

118 Not an advantage of case control studies:. C;Advantages of case control studies: Relatively easy to carry out. Rapid and inexpensive. Requires comparati vely few subjects. Particularly suitable to investigate rarediseases or diseases about which little is known. No risk to subjects.

Allows the study of several different etiological factors.

Risk factors can be identified and rational prevention and control programs can be established Odds ratio (OR)can be derived from a case control study. Odds ratio is a measure of the stre

between risk factor and outcome.

No attrition problems, because case control studies do not require follow up of individuals into

Ethical problems are minimum.

Cost effective and inexpensive

Odds ratio can be calculated


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Relative risk can be calculated

Useful in rare diseases

119 In an area, the number of live births for the year was 2100. The number ofstillbirths (> 20 weeks) was 80, the number of deaths in neonates was 11, andnumber of deaths in children under the age of 1 year was 5. The IMR for thiscommunity is:

c; Infant mortality rate is defined as 'ratio of infant deaths registered in a given year to the tot

registered in the same year; usually expressed as a rate per 1000 live births.Number of deaths of children < 1 year of age in a year

Infant mortality rate = ----------------------------------------- ------------------------------------ ------ x 1000Number of live births in the same year11 + 5

= --------------------21000

16= --------2100

80/2100

11/2100

16/2100

96/2100

120 The following diseases are amenable to eradication except: D;Eradication is termination of all transmission of infection by extermination of the infectious agand containment. It is an absolute process, an all or none phenomenon, restricted to termination ofworld. To date only smallpox has been eradicated. Diseases, which are amenable to eradication, polio and guinea worm. In 1988, World Health Assembly adopted a resolution for the global eraPoliomyelitis is eradicable because man is the only host. A long-term carrier state is not knowexcreted virus in the sewage is about 48 hoursand spread can only occur during this period. Oraeasy to administer, relatively cheap and is ideally suited for poliomyelitis eradication strategies bvirus, by multiplying in intestine can interrupt the transmission of wild polioviruses.

Measles

Polio

Diphtheria

Tetanus

121 Biological oxygen demand gives an indication of C;The strength of sewage is expressed in terms of biological oxygen demand. It is defined as the aabsorbed by a sample of sewage during a specified period, generally 5 days, at a specified temperfor the aerobic destruction or use of organic matter by living organisms

Chemicals

Anaerobic bacteria

Organic matterBacterial content


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122 Cereals and proteins are considered complementary because: B;Cereal proteins are poor in nutritive quality, being deficient in the essential amino acid, lysine. Pu

in methionine and to a lesser extent in cyestein. On the other hand they are rich in lysine. If cerealscereals and pulse proteins complement each other and provide a more balanced and complete prot

Both cereals and pulses contain threonine

Cereals are deficient in lysine and pulses are deficient in methionine

Cereals are deficient in methionine and pulses are deficient in lysine

cereals are deficient in methionine

123 Which of the following is false regarding ischemic heart disease in India ascompared to other more developed countries?

A;Coronary heart disease (ischemic as heart disease) is defined as impairment of heart function d

flow to the heart compared to its need, causedby obstructive changes in the coronary circulation

CHD in our country is as under: It appears a decade earlier compared with the age incidence in developed countries. The

between 51 - 60 years; Males are affected more than females Hypertension and diabetes account for about 40% of all cases; and

Heavy smoking is responsib le etiologica lly in a good number of case

India has a lower prevalence of CAD as compared to the developed countries

It is often associated with insulin resistance

Males are more commonly affected

It occurs in decade earlier in India as compared to the developed countries

124 In a patient who has suffered through a deep penetrating wound has receivedtetanus booster 10 years back. The treatment required in this patient is:

A;Tetanus vaccination protects the body against the toxin produced by the tetanus bacterium, n

Because tetanus is often fatal, vaccination is particularly Important. A primary series of 3 injections

should be administered to any adult who Was not vaccinated in childhood. A booster dose of the vevery 10 years. Adults receive the tetanus vaccine alone or in combination with a diphtheria vasingle injection. Children receive a combination vaccine against tetanus, diphtheria, and pertussis. not necessary for adults.

Compete tetanus toxoid course and immunoglobulins

Tetanus toxoid and immunoglobulins

Tetanus toxoid only

Nothing to be done

125exposure with which of the following particle sizes causes chronic lungdisease

A;Dust size within the range of 0.5 - 3 micron is a health hazard and after a variable period of expo

disease known as pneumoconiosis

0:5-3 microns

5--10 microns'

3-5 microns .


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0.01-0-5 microns

126 Chronic noise exposure above what level causes deafness: A; Noise pollution is exposure of people or animals to levels of sound that are annoying, stressears.The effects of noise exposure are of 2 types viz. auditory and non-auditory. Auditory effects includeafness. Deafness is the most serious pathological effect of noise. Temporary hearing loss ocbetween 4000 and 6000 Hz. Repeated or continuous exposure to noise around 100 decibels mhearing loss. Non-auditory effects include interference with speech, annoyance, reduction inefficiechanges such as rise in BP, rise in intracranial pressure, an increase in heart rate, breathing and sw

100 Db85 Db

70 Db

140 Db

127 As per WHO, tuberculosis is said to be under control when: C; Tuberculosis control means reduction in the prevalence and incidence of disease in communtuberculosis 'control' is said to be achieved when the prevalence of natural infection in the age groorder of 1 %. This is about 40% in India.


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P l ti d 10 d 60 d b


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Population under 10 years and 60 and above




134 The following is true about the term 'new families': B;Nuclear or elementary family consists of married couple and their children while they' are still regThey tend to occupy same dwelling space. The term 'new families' has come recently into trend; it under 10-year duration and consists of parents and children

It is applied to all nuclear families of more than 10 years duration

It is applied to all nuclear families of less than 10 years duration

is a variant of the joint familyIt is applied to all nuclear families of less then 2 years duration

135 Which of the following is false regarding antigenic drift? C;The influenza-A virus is unique among the viruses because it is frequently subject to antigenic vminor. When there is a sudden, complete or major change, it is called a shift; and when the antigover a period of time, it is called a drift. Antigenic shift results from genetic recombination of humvirus, providing a major antigenic change. This can cause a major epidemic or pandemic inAntigenic drift involves 'point-mutation' in the gene due to selection pressure by immunity in the hochanges occur to a lesser degree in group-B influenza viruses; and influenza-C virus appears to Since its isolation in 1933, the major antigenic changes have occurred twice in influenza-A virus; oin 1968.

occurs every 10- 12 years

occurs under pressure from immunity

occurs only in influenza A

It is responsible for epidemics of influenza"

136 Which of the following is t rue regarding pasteurization of milk? A;Pasteurization of milk is 'heating of milk to such temperature and for such period of time as is pathogens that may be present while causing minimal changes in the composition, flavor and nutritPasteurization kills about 90% of the bacteria in the milk including the most heat-resistant tubercle Q-fever organisms. Pasteurization does not kill thermoduric bacteria not the bacterial spores

Bacterial count is reduced by 90%

Kills all bacteria and spores

Kills all bacteria and no spores

Kills all bacteria except thermoduric bacteria

137 The protein efficiency ratio (PER) is defined as A;Protein efficiency ratio (PER) is sometimes used to rate proteins and represents the amou

grams) relative to the amount of protein consumed (in grams). For example, a PER of 2.5 would

weight was gained for every gram of protein ingested. Since it is impossible to measure weight gaPER is generally measured in young, growing animals placed on a diet which is 10% protein bquestion of whether young animals, who are growing, provide a good model for adult humans. W

Administration has suggested the use of PER with casein as a reference model for labeling protei


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Administration has suggested the use of PER with casein as a reference model for labeling proteito estimate human protein requirements has been criticized by some author.

The gain in weight of young animals per unit weight of protein-consumed

The product of digestibility coefficient and biological value

The percentage of protein absorbed into the blood

The percentage of nitrogen absorbed from the protein absorbed from the diet

138 Iodized salt at production level and at consumer level should be: A;

Salt iodizationhas been monitored either by assessing the portion of salt iodized at factory leveor by testing salt used for cooking at the house level using population-based surveys (consumptionconsumption of iodized salt is preferable over production level data since it provides a more accustatus of the population.Iodine concentration cut-off points - The salt testing kits used to determine whether salt in the hiodized have used different cut-off points. UNICEF recommends 15 ppm as the cut-off point and testing kits available free of charge to be used in household surveys for the end decade assessmthe goal of IDD elimination.Iodized Salt: Refined salt is also iodized. Minimum requirement of iodine is 15 ppm (parts per millippm of factory level. Salt is one of the best carrier of iodine. Iodine is one of t he key micro-nutrientHealth Organization (WHO), deficiency of which in developing countries is of major concern. Iodiseases like goiter.

35 ppm and 15 ppm

30 ppm and 15 ppm

40 ppm and 20 ppm

20 ppm and 10 ppm

139 For vitamin A deficiency, all of the following are considered as epidemiologicalmarkers except

B;

Night blindness

Conjunctival xerosis

Bitot's spots

xerophthalmia

140. Elements of primary health care include all of the following except C;

Elements of primary health care are:

Education concerning prevailing health problems and methods of preventing and controlling th

Promotion of food supply and proper nutrition; Adequate supply of safe water and basic sanitation;

Maternal and child health care including family planning;


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Maternal and child health care including family planning;

Immunization against major infectious diseases; Prevention and control of locally endemic diseases; Appropriate treatment of common diseases and injuries; and

Provision of essential drugs.

adequate supply of safe water and basic sanitation

Providing essential drugs

Sound referral system

Health education

141 True statement about RDA:.

B;Some imp facts about RDA:It is defined as the amount of the nutrient sufficient for the maintenance of health in nearly all peopstandards of nutritional intakes. For all nutrients except energy, estimates of allowances are basedminimum requirement plus a safety margin often generous. In some cases this has entailed addinmean, twice the SD of the distribution of the minimum requirement for the subjects measured. It is that the RDA of nutrients does not apply to sick people

Average daily requirements of all nutrients

Average daily requirements of all nutrients except calories 2SD

Indicates adequacy of dietary intake

Applies to even sick people

142 At risk babies are all of the following except: C;The basic criteria for identifying 'at-risk' babies are as under:

Birth weight < 2.5 kg; Twins;

Birth order 5 and more; Artificial feeding; Weight < 70% of the expected weight (i.e. II and III degrees of malnutrition); Failure to gain weight during 3 successive months; Children with PEM, diarrhea; andWorking mother / single parent

Failure to gain weight for 3 consecutive months

Artificial feeding

Birth order 2nd or more

Birth weight less then 70 percentile

143. Which Of The Following is not part of targeted intervention in preventivestrategy in spread of AIDS?

A;Providing ART is not a preventive strategy as it is directed at people who are already suffering f

Following are the objectives & the strategy adopted by the NACP-III for prevention & control1. Prevention of new infections in high risk groups and general population : Creating awareness about symptoms, spread, prevention and services available.

Management of STI and RTI Condom promotion

Integrated Counseling and Testing (ICT) (provider-initiated testing and counselling o


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Integrated Counseling and Testing (ICT) (provider-initiated testing and counsellingo

Promotion of safe practices and infection control. BCC through peer and outreach. Building enabling environment Community organizing and ownership building. (CBOs).

Linking HIV related care and support services PPTCT.

PEP. Promotion of voluntary blood donation and access to safe blood.

2. Providing greater care, support and treatment to larger number of PLHA :

Under NACP-II, focus was given on low cost care, support and treatment of common OIs.

ART programme was launched in 2004 in 8 institutions in 6 high prevalence states and Delhi. As on 31st May 2006, a total of 54 ART centres were functional with 33,638 patients (including

receiving free Anti Retroviral Therapy at these centres.

However, this constitutes only 10 per cent of the estimated eligible patients 300,000 patients on ART by the end of 2011 through approximately 250 ART centresStrategy:o Identification of institutions,o Strengthening referral linkages for CD4 testing,o Capacity building of ART teams ando Procurement of ARV drugs(Priority being accorded to women & childr en referred from TIs and those below poverty line

Providing ART

Treating S.T.D.

Providing Condoms

Behavior change communication

144 Randomization is a procedure used for assignment or allocation

of subjects to treatment and control groups in experimental

studies. Randomization ensures .

A;Randomization is the use of a predetermined plan of allocation or assignment of subjects to tthat assignment occurs solely by chance. It is used to eliminate bias on the part of the investigatochoice of treatment group. The goal of randomization is to allow chance to distribute unknowvariability equally to the treatment and control groups. However, because chance does determinedifferences between the groups may arise, especially if the number of subjects is smalrandomization is used, the comparability of the treatment groups should be assessed to determine was achieved.

That assignment occurs by chance

That treatment and control groups are alike in all respects except treatment

That bias in observation is eliminated

That placebo effects are eliminated145 In nine families surveyed, the numbers of children per family were D; The correct values for mean, median, and mode are 3.4, 3, and 2. The mean is the av

4,6,2,2,4,3,2,1, and 7. The mean, median, and mode numbers of children per observations divided by the number of observations. In this case, the mean is 31/9 = 3.4. Th


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4,6,2,2,4,3,2,1, and 7. The mean, median, and mode numbers of children perfamily are, respectively.

observations divided by the number of observations. In this case, the mean is 31/9 3.4. Thobservation in a series of ordered observations, i.e., the 50th percentile (when the number of obmidway between the two middle observations). In this case, when the observations are ordered the median is 3. The mode is the observation that occurs with greatest frequency; in this case it itimes.

3.4, 2, 3

3, 3.4, 2

3, 3, 2

3.4, 3, 2

146. A study is undertaken to determine whether drinking more than 8 cups ofcoffee a day is associated with hypertension. The blood pressure readingswere taken of persons who drink more than 8 cups and persons who drink nocoffee. The results are as follows:

Hypertension Normal BP

> 8 cups 6 4no coffee 2 7

Which of the following is the most appropriate test to analyze the data?

C;The chi-square is used if no cell has an expected count less than 1, and no more than 20 percexpected count less than 5. In this case the expected counts are 4.2 (10 X 8 / 19) for cell a, 5.7 (3.7(9 X 8 / 19) for cell c, and 5.2 (9 X 11 I 19) for cell d. Because 50 percent of the cells have an than 5, the Fishers exact test is appropriate. In general, it is used when the sample size is small.used for paired dichotomous data, the student t for independent continuous data, and the anaanalysis of several independent means.

Chisquare test

McNemars test

Fishers exact test

Student t test

147 All the following are steps necessary to plan and conduct a casecontrolstudy EXCEPT:

D;Case-control studies do not involve an observational period, as do cohort studies. The disease

occurred and the study is interested in examining antecedent exposures. Conducting field operaalso useful in planning and refining study protocols.

Developing and testing research instruments

Defining the disease and exposure of interest

Selecting cases and defining a control group

Determining the duration of the observational (study) period.

148 Which of the following indices is not an index of measurement of obesity? D;Body weight, though not an accurate measure of excess fat is a widely used index.For adults, various other indicators for measurement of excess fat are:BMI Ponderal indexBrocas index Lorentz indexCorpulence index


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Lorentz index

Ponderal index

Broca index

Obesity index

149 According to maternal health programme the daily dose of folic acid forpregnant women should be:

D;Folic acid supplementation during pregnancy has been found to increase birth weight of infants a

incidence of low birth weight babies Intake values of folic acid recommended by ICMRStatus In mg/Per dayHealthy adults 100Pregnancy 400

Lactation 150Children 100

100 mg

200 mg

300 mg

400 mg

150 WHO Regimen for abbreviated multisite schedule for rabies vaccination is? B;In the abbreviated multisite schedule, the 2-1-1 regimen, one dose is given in the right arm and

arm at day 0, and one dose given intramuscularly in the deltoid region on days 7 and 21. the 2 -1-1

early antibody response and may be particularly effective when post-exposure treatment dose not

of rabies immunoglobulin.

0, 3, 7, 14 & 28

0, 7, 21

0,3, 7, 28 & 90

0, 7, 28, 90

151 Egg has all vitamins except: C;Egg contains all the nutrients except carbohydrate and vitamin C.An egg weighing 60 grams contains 6 g of protein, 6 g of f at, 30 mg of calcium and 1.5 mg of ironkcal of energy. Egg protein have all the nine essential amino acids needed by the body in right pconsider egg protein as the best among food proteins. In fact, egg protein is the standard against wproteins is compared. Except for vitamin c, egg contains all the fat-soluble and water soluble amounts.

Net protein utilization (NPU) which combines in a single value the biological value and digestibility icompared to 80 for meat and 75 for milk

B1


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B6

C

E

152 Under EMCP (Enhanced Malaria Control Project) launched in 1997,the criteriafor selection of PHCs (Primary Health Center) included the following, EXCEPT:

D;Under EMCP (Enhanced Malaria Control Project) launched in 1997, the criteria for selection of P

Center) include API more than 2 for the last 3 years, Plasmodium falciparum more than 30% of totaarea has been reporting deaths.

API more than 2 for the last 3 years

Plasmodium falciparum more than 30% of total malaria casesThe area has been reporting deaths

The area has been reporting epidemics

153 1st Priority group during rubella vaccination is: A;Vaccination strategyThe 1st priority group is women of child bearing age followed by vaccination of all children aged 1-1children at one year of age.Note: MC used strain for rubella vaccine is RA 27/3.

All females of child bearing age

All non married pregnant female

All pregnant females

Infants

154 True about RHIME? A;Form year 2000 onward, SRS included a new method called the RHIME or representative, ReHousehold interview of Mortality with Medical Evaluation. This is an enhanced form of verbal autopfeature of a prospective study of 1 million deaths within the SRS. RHIME include random re-sampliindependent team for maintaining quality of data

It is an enhanced form of Verbal autopsy

It is a retrospective study about diarrhea related disease in children

It is prospective study about risk factor for CAD

It is a retrospective study about nutritional deficiency related disease in children

155 For prevention of Neonatal tetanus, all of the following are effective except: A; "In Area where incidence of neonatal tetanus is high, the primary 2 doses course can be exreproductive age, particularly if the percent coverage of antenatal case is low"Strategy for neonatal tetanus elimination. Increase and sustain high coverage levels with two doses or in booster dose of IT in pregnant

Increase proportion of deliveries by trained personnel; intensify dais training. Supply disposable delivery kits to ensure clean practices for domiciliary deliveries.

Implement essential new born care, including cord care, to reduce risks of neonatal tetanus.


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Strengthen surveillance system and undertake follow up action in areas from where cases are Continue IEC activities to promote clean deliveries.

Five Clean Practices

Clean surface for delivery Clean hands of the attendant

Clean blade for cutting the cord

Clean cord tie No applicants on the cut stump of the cord (clean cord)

Give 2 doses of IT to pregnant women

Immunize all woman of reproductive age group with 2 doses of TT

Practice 5 cleans

Give penicillin to all newborns

156 Highest percentage of poly unsaturated fatty acid are seen in: B;

Ground nut oil

Soya bean oil

Coconut oil

Palm oil

157 Dose of iron and folic acid to be given to a pregnant mother under RCHprogramme is:

B;

Dose of iron and folic acid to be given to a pregnant mother under RCH programme is 60mg. and

days.

100 mg and 100 g daily for 100 days




158 All of the following disease spread by louse as a vector except. B;

Relapsing fever

Q fever

Epidemic typhus

Trench fever

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