Upload
sylvana-silas
View
32
Download
4
Embed Size (px)
DESCRIPTION
MIT Report on the Future of Nuclear Power in the United-States : review and discussion Eric Proust Director, Industrial Affairs Nuclear Energy Division French Atomic Energy Commission (CEA) [email protected]. Needs for Energy during the 21st Century. Increasing energy demand - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Citation preview
Nuclear Energy Division 1
MIT Report on the Future of Nuclear Power in the United-States : review and
discussion
Eric ProustDirector, Industrial AffairsNuclear Energy Division
French Atomic Energy Commission (CEA) [email protected]
Nuclear Energy Division 2
Needs for Energy during the 21st Century
• Threat of increasing climate disorders due to CO2 emissions
• Use of fossil fuels will decrease
• New needs : Hydrogen, heat, desalination …
Nuclear energy, because it is carbon-free, should play a major role in the next 50 years and be considered as a vital option
A view we fully share
Increasing energy demand
in the world by 2050
• Energy savings are necessary but not sufficient
• Renewable energy alone is not the right answer
Nuclear Energy Division 3
Ensuring the right conditions for this development…
Recommendations for government actions to encourage
the short term nuclear energy revival in the US
– Include new nuclear plants as an eligible option in any federal « carbon-free » energy portfolio standard
– Share cost of site banking, new plant design certification,and CCO licensing for plants to be built in the short term
– Provide a subsidy (production tax credit) to « first mover » commercial NPPS
• We welcome these recommendations
Nuclear Energy Division 4
Challenges for Future Nuclear Energy Systems sustainability (waste,
resources)
safety & reliability
economics
resistance to proliferationand physical protection
Gen IVInternational
Forum
Gen IVInternational
Forum
U.S.A.U.S.A.
ArgentinaArgentina
BrazilBrazil
CanadaCanadaFranceFrance
JapanJapan
South South AfricaAfrica
United United KingdomKingdom
South South KoreaKorea
E.U.E.U.
Nuclear Energy Division 5
Closed Fuel Cycles : a path towards sustainability
– guaranty the long term safe conditioning of HLLLW by vitrification
– reduce the volumes of wastes and thus the repository capacity needs
– reduce the long term radiotoxic inventory of repositories
– and as a consequence ease the demonstration of their long term safety
• key role of public and political attitudes towards the feasability
and acceptability of HLW disposal
Plutonium recycling
Spent FuelNo reprocesisng
Uranium Ore (mine)
Time (years)
Rela
tive radio
to
xici
ty
P&T of MA
Pu +MA +FP
MA +FP
FP• Benefits of « advanced fuel cycles »
in terms of waste management :
Nuclear Energy Division 6
Closed Fuel Cycles : a path towards sustainability Unat
Actinides
Spentfuel
Vitrified Waste
FP
GEN IV FR
Treatment and
Re-fabrication
… towards Sustainability :• Full Actinides recycling and coupling with GEN IV Fast Reactors
• Minimization of wastes and preservation of uranium resources
• Cost reduction and resistance to proliferation
• the once-through option advocated by the MIT study for the
next decades does obviously not meet the requirements of a
sustainable nuclear development
Nuclear Energy Division 7
Closed Fuel Cycles and Economics
• Competitiveness of nuclear power generation in Europe
• Strong rules to guaranty transparency
• Costs of reprocessing and current MOX recycling :
- a very small penalty on the kWh cost
- consistent with European studies (OECD, Charpin-Dessus-Pellat
report…)
• Expected improvements in the cost-effectiveness of
Fuel reprocessing and recycling in the future
Nuclear Energy Division 8
Closed Fuel Cycles and Proliferation Resistance
• Risk of proliferation associated to current industrial
reprocessing and recycling is not underestimated today
• Up to now, no wrong use of nuclear materials coming from
commercial reprocessing and recycling
• Enriched uranium is more attractive and affordable than
plutonium
• Proliferation resistance features are considered at an early
stage for future GEN IV systems
• The once-through open cycle, with spent fuel direct geological
disposal, will leave plutonium mines to our future generations
Nuclear Energy Division 9
the MIT study and CEA’s perception
• Sustainability is an essential condition for enhancing the future role of nuclear energy systems
• Minimization of volume and radiotoxicity of waste is a key issue and an urgent matter for deserving public acceptance
• The optimization of natural resources is another essential sustainability feature
• For the short term, the MIT study provides numerous relevant and positive propositions to enhance nuclear energy revival in the US
• For the long term, we also share the view that Closed Fuel Cycles are the only option to meet sustainability
• Finally, we only disagree on how fast we need to implement the corresponding scenarios and technological developments