Upload
phamcong
View
231
Download
5
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
Need for updated standards for the Norwegian Oil and Gas Industry
Subsea Wellhead Fatigue
Seminar at Stavanger Forum 06.12.12
By
Olav Inderberg [email protected]
07/12/2012 1
2
Where do we come from and where are we?
• We are an industry with empirical roots and it is a challenge to change to a more balanced and more analytical approach
• The future will require such a change
New operations etc. require a thorough check of operational criteria to establish if original design basis is violated
History of subsea standards ISO/API • Early API Standards
– Standard materials and dimensions
• ISO/API Specification 6A / ISO 10423 – Its development and design rules
• ISO/API Specification 16A / ISO 13533 – What are the differences from 6A
• ISO/API Specification 17D / ISO 13628-4 – Different applications and scope
3
1960 1970 1980 1990 2000
14D
16A
6A 14th 1961 6A 15th 1985
No Design Methods Design Methods
17A
2010
API
Operations?
Start ISO
Seismic
Timeline Field Life Process
Expl. Concept System Detail Man. Instal. O & M Abandon
Drill Drill
EPC
EPIC
Total CAPEX
Field life
CAPEX OPEX
The overall timeline need to be reflected in norms and communicated in transitions
5
System functionality increases and it is recognized that a subsea development can be modified in operation if reservoir and economics supports it.
A Holistic approach is required. Are we acting as a global industry?
Changing from empirical background to more advanced and analytical. Globalization and subsea to beach IOR and well technology as examples of operational developments
Different regulatory regimes
• Prescriptive regulations • Goal oriented legislation • Safety management and safety case
• Risk acceptance criteria, as upper limits of acceptable risks, have
been used for offshore activities on the Norwegian Continental Shelf for more than 20 years.
• These regimes tie in with standards and norms and the interrelation is important to understand
• Different regulatory regimes can set different needs for standards formulation
Roles in the industry as basis for the regulations
• Norwegian PSA developing regulations, supervise and give consents (enforcing regulations)
• The functional (self regulatory) regime used by Norwegian PSA requires updated standards and norms.
• The tri-party agreement PSA – Operators - suppliers and workers organization has taken on responsibility to keep standards updated.
• The industry is obliged to keep standards and norms updated on the NCS to ensure a functional regulatory regime.
Descriptive regulations ”Command and control”
Functional regulations ”Self regulation”
What is a standard?
A standard is defined to be a document developed, by consensus and endorsed by recognised institutions and it contains a set of specific requirements and recommendations relating to equipment, systems, processes and services including operations. It has to be developed with a transparent process and include all relevant stakeholders to facilitate consensus Examples: ISO Globally and NORSOK Nationally
They are an asset of accumulated experience and used by all stakeholder in the industry
Laws (Statues, Acts)
Regulations
Guidelines
Voluntary codes and standards development
Comprehensive regulation of HSE in oil and gas industry - How?
Two main considerations:
1. - Accidental risk (prevention of unacceptable risk to personnel safety, the environment and to loss of financial assets)
2. Heath and working environment
Are integrated and maintained in a underlying regulation publication
Authorities responsibility is delegated to an authority responsible for follow-up of
all fields of competence
Source: Norwegian Ptil (Translated)
Maturity (Risk) level; experience and standardisation
07/12/2012 11
• Low risk
– Mature hardware
– Typical operating conditions – typical systems
Low – Moderate risk Mature hardware typical operating conditions Major change to system configuration
Moderate – High Risk Significant extension to operating environment and conditions Non mature equipment for conditions
High Risk Novel unproven products, systems and new operating conditions
How is experience introduced into standards and norms?
Normally gradually introduced being informative, then normative as relevant.
Companies
Industry
Recognised
CONTRACTORS SUPPLIERS
API EEMUA UKOOA ASME
National ANSI BSI
Regional CEN / CENELEC
International ISO / IEC Vienna Agreement
OPERATORS
OGP
Other European
Japan etc.
L i a i s o n
STANDARDISATION BODIES - RELATIONSHIPS
How do we control the risk level throughout the life cycle
•As the level of project risk increases so does the required reliability capability of the design contractors, the suppliers and the operator.
•This means life cycle perspective !
07/12/2012 14
Early
Life
failures
Random failures Wear out
Failures
Remove
expensive
Early Life
Failures
Design out all foreseeable early life and through life failures and operate
according to the basis for the design of the facility
Past Decommission
before
wear out
Remove or
Minimise
foreseeable failures
through the life
Early systems installed focussed on this We have now experienced the
Operational phase and can include Life cycle perspective
15
Standards Overview for well drilling and
design.
Casing Tubing, Downhole ISO – tubing (based upon API) API spec API ISO (cement)
Control Systems ISO13628-1,6,7 API Spec 16D (BOP) DNV-OS-E101
Wellhead/XT: API spec’s ISO
BOP ISO’s NORSOK’s NORSOK’s API Spec’s API RP’s DNV-OS-E101
Drilling Equip. API 16 series API spec’s API RP’s DNV-OS-E101
General PSA Norway ISO 13628-1 NORSOK D-001 NORSOKD-002 NORSOK D-010 NORSOK U-001 OLF Guideline 070 DNV-OS-C101
Riser/Umbilicals ISO API RP’s API Spec’s DNV-OSS-302 DNV-OS-F201 DNV-RP-F206
Uniform Safety Level ? Uniform system integrity requirements ?,
Uniform design philosophy, common operational criteria. This is in Petroleum safety authorities requirements
Source DNV
16
Interfaces Vessel & Field Physical and Environmental Data, Reservoir
Wave Motions
Vessel Offset
(+)
Surface
Pressure Pump
Draw Works, Tension
and Stroke
Surface Equipment
Slick Joint
Tensioner Sheaves
Tensioner Tension
and Stroke
Tension Joint
Wave and Current Forces
Gravity
Forces
Outside Diameter
Riser Joints
Effective Tension
Bending Stiffness
External Pressure
Stress Joint
Subsea Equipment
Soil restraint
Bottom hole assy
Conducto
r
Downstrea
m
Exci
tati
on
zon
e
Sh
ear
zon
e
Crest
(+)
Through (-
)
Current
Velocity
Da
mp
ing z
on
e
Upstream
Drill Floor
Magnitude of: Loads, Load paths, etc. Require instrumentation Can only be properly understood in an overall system perspective. We need to log loads and monitor conditions of equipment during operations ”flight recorder approach” We need to establish conditions of existing installed equipment Establishing suitable Sensor and data processing including storage is essential!
17
Global Riser Analysis
Well
Analysis
Loading on the system
Experiences with standards used world wide Defining the challenge operational capacities/limits
Required capacity Charts or descriptions has to be part of industry norms for important interfaces to ensure equipment and operational compatibility during the whole life of a system
As installed Equipment Limits
Experiences with U-001 Update: We have tried since Q 4 2004 to get required funding to update drilling loads (existing is known to be wrong) we have now succeeded in getting the work started under the well structural integrity JIP. Updated loads planned ready 4 Q 2012 GOM (API) is “mainly” focused on pressure testing.
One example:
Interface Management
The objective of interface management is to achieve functional and physical compatility among all interrelated system elements.
The Management and control of interfaces is crucial to successful projects. Interface management is a process to assist in controlling product development when efforts are divided among parties (e. g. customer, contractors, geographically diverse technical teams, etc.) and/or to define and maintain compliance among products that must interoperate.
18
The Criticality of Stakeholders and Interfaces
• Context diagrams identify stakeholders and associated systems.
• Need for defining both external and internal interfaces to the system/equipment
• Interfaces may be different in different program phases or operating modes
• Quantified interfaces define the “under what conditions” and measurable “how well” of each “what”
• The degree to which stakeholders are missing or their requirements are un-
quantified is the degree of “external” risk in system development
System
Stakeholder/
system 2
Stakeholder/
system 3
Stakeholder/
system 4
Stakeholder/
system 1
Interface
description (for
each stakeholder
or system)
Technical Solution:
Consider the human as a central component when doing
logical decomposition and developing design concepts. The User-operators or maintainers will not see the entire system as the designer does, only as the system interfaces with them.
20
21
Technology is only one part of the puzzle
• Future technology gives ample opportunity to reduce risk
• The technical solutions has to be used in the right context
• We need to understand the operational scenario including physical and organizational
• Human factors and communication is perhaps the biggest challenges in the future as well
• Unambiguous formulation is a real challenge
Human factors
Different cultures and perception! Do we have common goals including all stakeholders?
Perception
Multi Cultural Management?
•There is no right or wrong culture only different! •We have to understand the receiving person’s perception to be understood correctly.
Integrity information transfer from phase to phase
Subsea integrity is
Established during the concept, design and construction phases.
Maintained in the operation phase.
Transferred from the development phase to the operation phase. This interface involves transfer of vital data and information about the system.
How do we transfer in depth design understanding through the operational phases and operational experience into the design phase? By huge amount of documentation that are very difficult to fully understand?
By accepting field of life support roles . Stop experimenting with different roles . Look to other more mature industries.
How do we verify and ensure validation Verification: Relative to specific requirements
Validation: That the facility, system, equipment is fit for purpose
What are the requirements and need for documentation?
How are roles considered in a Life Cycle perspective?
07/12/2012 23
We Need to Focus on Critical Issues and Improve
Product & system Verification
What are some of the challenges to keep the industry documents updated and global
• Regional perceived differences in spite of the fact that Global and collective interest is normally the same as national interest. (IP rights discussion and embargo issues are destroying the global aspect and causing loss of momentum.)
• Tools to ensure a system approach across discipline established areas (Communication between expert groups and subcommittee structures)
• Improved ability to gather experience and improve/revise documents. Keep documents at a reasonable size.
• Ensure adequate experienced resources for the work. Difficult since short term and Key Performance Indicators are the focus. Standardisation work require long term engagement
07/12/2012 24
A major incident has a global knock on effect on the whole industry This is reason enough to contribute towards best possible standards and norms.