.

Change of climate and environment

Environmentally friendly agriculture

All year round production is possible

Over 80% energy saving

No need to use of chemical fertilizer

reduces use of pesticide and insect control

HORTI LINE LED LIGHT PROCESS TECHNOLOGY

Today, the world is facing a growing food crisis caused by climate change and

industrialization, that will result in decrease of crop harvests. This crisis will get worse

over time. The use of over-dosed chemical fertilizer or pesticides for plants for cultivation

is an outdated technique, so the demands for growth have to be harmless considering

environment and humans.

NECESSITY OF LED LIGHT FOR AGRO GROWING LIGHT

SOLAR RADIATION RANGE.

100

50

0

Ultraviolet Visible rays Infrared rays

LIGHT THAT PLANTS NEED

Solar radiation has various diffusions and absorption is only possible with

wave lengths from 300nm to 3.000nm.

Human eyes perceive 380-780nm wavelengths, and distinguish between

light and color. The light of the green color (555nm) is detected more

sensibly than the other colors.

Spectrum of plants absorption

Radiation effects to plants is physically effect radiation (300-800nm)and photosynthesis effect

radiation (PAR : 400~700nm). Those radiation absorb mid-blue colors and red colors, reflect

green colors (so plants reflect green color seen green)

HOW DO PLANTS GROW WITH LED

RANGE OF EFFECTS A WAVELENGTH HAS ON A PLANT

Wavelength absorption of plant : chlorophyll operation(440nm, 655nm),

Photosynthesis operation (430nm, 670nm)

Detection wavelength of insects : 280nm ~ 580nm

Detection wavelength of fish : 480nm ~ 510nm

OPERATION EFFECTS A WAVELENGTH HAS TO A PLANT:

WAVELENGTH (NM)

ACTIVITY EFFECT

Infrared rays

IR-A

1400~1000

No activity detected on plants at this wavelength. Only heat effect.

780 Stimulate the growth of the plant.

Visable rays

Red

Red-Yellow green -yellow blue

700 Blocks germination (730nm). Photosynthesis operation at 670nm maximum.

660 Chlorophyll operation at 655nm maximum. Germination operation and flower bud formation and leaf distribution (660nm).

610 No benefit on photosynthesis but prevention of harmful insects (580-650nm).

510 Little absorption by yellow pigments (485nm).

430~440 Photosynthesis operation at 430nm maximum. Chlorophyll operation at 440nm maximum. Prevention of harmful insects.

Ultravioled rays

UV-A 400 ~ 315

Leaves of plants can be thickened. Ager promotion operation of pigment. Prevention of harmful insects.

UV-B 280 Operation highly affecting plants processes, like the immunity formation, etc. May be harmful on plants if this wavelength is too intense.

UV-C 100 Operation rapidly drying plants.

BRIGHTNESS OF SUITABLE FOR PLANTS

The unit commonly used is based on human visual senses since most of the lights have been

developed for people. However, photosynthesis is not perceptible for the human sight. For

example, the reception of the blue wavelength (450nm) is 3,8%. If the green wavelength has

the same energy as the blue wavelength, the human sight perceives a wavelength of about 4%.

In order to create efficient light intensity in growing plants, we must agree on a unit based on

the photosynthesis characteristics. PPFD (Photosynthetic Photon Flux Density)

LIGHT SATURATION POINT AND LIGHT COMPENSATION POINT OF ALL KINDS OF PLANTS:

growing plants light saturation point lx (PPFD) Light compensation point lx (PPFD)

tomato, watermelon 70,000 lx (847) 3,000 lx (36)

cucumber 55,000 lx (665) 2,000 lx (24)

pea 40,000 lx (484) 2,000 lx (24)

lettuce, pepper 25,000 lx (302) 1,500 lx (18)

grape 40,000 lx (484) 400 lx (5)

orange 40,000 lx (484) 200 lx (2.5)

pear 40,000 lx (484) 300 lx (3.6)

peach 40,000 lx (484) 400 lx (5)

fig 40,000 lx (484) 1,000 lx (12)

saintpaulia 5,000 lx (60) 500 lx (6)

archid 10,000 lx (121) 300 lx (3.6)

cyclamen 15,000 lx (181) 300 lx (3.6)

ginseng 12,000 lx (145) 500 lx (6)

DIFFERENCES BETWEEN CLASSIC LIGHT AND LED LIGHT TO INFLUENCE PLANTS

ACTIVITIES AND PROCESSES

Even if the artificial Light is as bright as for the human perception (real life simulation), there is

a significant difference observed for plants depending on the lights used. As bright as 10.000 lx

and in the same conditions, the extent of what plants perceive of LED Light for growing is

several times more effective than with a simple light bulb or a fluorescent lamp. Concerning

photosynthesis application, LED Light makes it possible to achieve maximum efficiency by just

using a narrow wavelength. LED Light on plants is therefore a successful and valuable

necessity.

GROW LIGHT PPFD, PRFD:

CATEGORIES OF GROWING PLANTS AND THEIR APPLICATION FORM:

HORTI LINE LED

SECTION OBJECT KIND OF PLANTS PPFD (UMOL M2S1)

Plants factory

Perfect closed form

Stability product lettuce, ginseng etc. 310

Light of the sun + artificial illumination

Stability product lettuce, industrial crop etc.

145

Seeds factory perfect closed form (shelf method)

Mass stability product

Tomato etc. 150

Facilities Horticulture - Greenhouses

Light growing Blooming control

chrysanthemum 0.5~1

strawberries 0.2~0.8

carnation 0.5

Supplemental Light growing

Stability product greens 70

Pansy nursery plant 20

Flower abscission control

Floricultural crop 12

pea 150

coloring cherry, peach, grape 30~250

recuperation grape 2

rose 5

prevention Cucumber nursery plant 25

into ingredient control

spinach 200

Disease prevention Strawberries etc. 150

Inside ornamental plant

Supplemental Light growing

Closed environment Ornamental foliage plant 7~15

artificial lightening Floricultural crop etc. 70

artificial lightening spinach , Floricultural crop Etc.

70

FLOWERING PLANTS: chrysanthemum, rose, carnation, gypsophila, gerbera, lily, orchid, etc

VEGETABLES: tomato, paprika, red pepper, cucumber, spinach, lettuce, leaf of

green, paprika, eggplant green pepper etc

FRUIT VEGETABLE: strawberry, watermelon, melon, pumpkin, fig etc. Fruit : grape,

tangerine etc

SPECIAL CROPS: mushroom, ginseng, moss, codonopsis lancelate etc.

APPLICATION AREA OF LED PLANT GROWTH LIGHT:

LED

PROBLEMS OF CURRENT AGRICULTURE

Environmental problems and shortage of food by global warming?

High energy expense? Energy reduction?

Productivity rise and differentiation? Efficiency maximization?

Product and income decrease annually by climatic change?

SOLUTION BY LED GROW LIGHT

Available product by 247 and unrelated with climatic change

High efficiency low expense (decrease 70% expense, increase 20% income)

Increase agricultural compatibility

LED light system is future agriculture development field for counter plan of climatic change

Agrichemical-free : ability of composing blue ocean by green-marketing

EXAMPLE OF GREEN LEEF PLANT

PRIOR TO HYDROPONIC LETTUCE

GROWING SYSTEM

HYDROPONIC LETTUCE GROWING SYSTEM

HYDROPONIC LETTUCE GROWING SYSTEM FULL GROWN

HYDROPONIC LED GROWING SYSTEM MULTI LAYER WAREHOUSE-

HYDROPONIC LED GROWING SYSTEM MULTI LAYER WAREHOUSE-

HYDOPONIC LED GROW CABINET:

LARGE MULTILAYER LED GROW FACTORY:

40 FT HIGH CUBE LED GROW CONTAINER WITH HYDRO PONIC SYSTEMS:

INTERIOR DESIGN HYDROPONIC SYSTEM WITHIN A 40FT CONTAINER:

LED LIGHTING SYSTEM TESTING AND EVALUATION

goals:

Testing of existing and prototype LED lighting systems

Spectral output

PAR output

Electrical consumption

Overall system efficiency

Development of measurement protocols and guidelines, eventually resulting in

industry standards for LED applications in horticulture

Conducting plant growth experiments

Photoperiod lighting

Photosynthesis lighting

LEDs for Photomorphogenic Lighting

End‐of‐day (EOD) light quality treatment for controlling morphology of ornamental

seedlings

To quantify the minimum EOD R and FR dose (intensity and duration) that influence

internode elongation of ornamental seedlings.

To determine if EOD and/or LED lighting are feasible non‐chemical means to control plant

height of seedlings and/or cuttings?

Using LEDs to Determine Effective Ratios of Red

and Far-Red Light for Photoperiodic Lighting

Primary Objective and Research

Objective

To use LEDs to quantify how the ratio of red (R)

and far-red (FR) light influences flowering and

plant architecture of a wide range of specialty

crops.

RESEARCH IN PROGRESS

Specialty crops are currently being grown in controlled-environment research greenhouses

with 4-h night-interruption lighting emitting seven different R:FR ratios from LEDs, as well

as from incandescent lamps (control).

SPECTRAL ATTRIBUTES OF LED 0.00 TREATMENTS AND INCANDESCENT LAMPS, WITH

PREDICTED PHYTOCHROME PHOTOEQUILIBRIUM (PPE)

.