Near reference sensors and their applicationFebruary 13th, 2017

Hannamari Jaakkola, Vaisala Oyj

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Vaisala Meteorology OfferingUpper Air

Observation Systems

Surface Observation

Systems

8/21/20143

Humidity and temperature sensors

Barometricsensors

Carbon dioxidesensors

Moisture in oil sensors

Wind sensors

Weather multi-sensors

Visibility and present weather sensors

Remote Observation

Systems

Weather radars Radiosondes

Automatic sounding stations

Lightning networks

Cloud heigh and boundary layer height measurement

Sensors / Instruments

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Helsinki University and Nanjing NJU University joint studies:

Poor Air Quality Impacts Weather

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Beijing in September 2016View from the hotel opposite to Vaisala office

2016-12-015

September 19th, 2016 PM2.5 ≈ 17 µg/m3 September 23rd, 2016 PM2.5 ≈ 225 µg/m3

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Air Pollution:Single Biggest Environmental Health Risk� Inhaling air pollution

takes away at least 1-2 years of a typical human life

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� More than 80% of people living in urban areas that monitor air pollution are exposed to air quality levels that exceed the World Health Organization (WHO) limits

� More than 5 million people die prematurely each year from outdoor pollution.

� Without action deaths will double by 2050

� Toxic air pollution poses a greater threat to children, due to their smaller physical size and lung capacity.

� We do not yet even fully understand, what impact nanoparticles will ultimately have…

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Trends in Air Quality Monitoring� Building deeper understanding on

� how the ecosystem and human actions effects on formulation of pollution� the chains of chemical reactions and physical processes that pollutants undergo

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� It´s well known that weather effects air quality. Poor air quality however effects also weather, research on-going

� Air quality advanced modelling and forecasting is coming increasingly important

� To improve air quality modelling and forecasting denser air quality measurements are required

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Supplementary air quality networks

• Air quality measurements are typically made with fixed ground-based monitoring stations, which cost several 100 k€

• These stations can only represent a very local area

• The AQT410/420 concept enables dense but cost efficient measurement networks

• Improving air quality monitoring improves also air quality modelling and forecasting

• It can also be used to alert people about potential health risks

• Weather effects the air quality and air quality affects the weather.

• AQT transmitters can be connected with WXT to get a more complete picture

• This improves air quality forecasting

Conventional network Supplementarydense network Weather + air quality

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Smart Urban Air Quality Architecture

2016-12-0110

WEATHER DATA AND FORECASTS

AIR QUALITY DATA

AIR QUALITY MODELING AND FORECASTING

DATABASE

STANDARDAPI

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Air quality information needed by various users�General public outdoors and indoors

� Industrial sites

�Maritime operators and harbours

�On roads, tunnels and parking garages

�Mines

�Airports

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Vaisala AQT400- from Sensors to Solutions

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Vaisala new air quality transmitters for supplementary air quality networks

AQT410

Measures NO2, SO2, CO and O3

AQT420

Measures NO2, SO2, CO and O3 and also PM2.5 and PM10 Particulate Matter

2017-02-1413

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Pollutant gas measurement� One AQT400 device has 4 electrochemical sensors for

pollution gases:� NO2, SO2, CO and O3

� H2S to be configurable for larger quantities of sensors

� Electrochemical sensors are sensitive to ambient conditions around the sensor: temperature, humidity and aging

� The effects of ambient conditions are compensated by advanced algorithms

– This is where Vaisala´s strong knowledge and scientific background makes the difference

� Also multi-step factory calibration is the key for t he accuracy

2017-02-1414

O3

COSO2

NO2

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Pollutant gas measurement with advanced algorithms� Compensation of effects of ambient conditions

allows the use a compact and light-weight sensor structure, without heavy covering box

� The sensor can be placed in open air and it can be easily mounted to various locations:

� on streets on pillars and walls of buildings� industrial sites� indoors � on moving vehicles

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Particulate Matter MeasurementLaser Particle Counter

�Size distribution with optical granulometric measurement

�Measures 1 minute sample between 5-10 minutes

2017-02-1416 2017-02-1416

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Optical Particulate Counter for PM2.5 and PM10� Measures concentration and size distribution

of PM2.5 and PM10 particulates

� Measurement principle is optical scattering

� Each particle scatters ligth, generating signal peakand the amount of scattered light is proportional to the size of the particle

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Weather parameters through WXT530 Multi-Weather sensor

� Possibility to connect Vaisala WXT530 Multi-Weather sensor straight to the AQT400 series

� WXT530 Multi-Weather sensor provides up to 6 different weather parametrs: temperature, humidity, pressure, wind speed, wind direction and rain

� Weather data can be visualised through AQ-VIEW with the Air Quality data

2017-02-1418

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Vaisala Sphere - Environmental Monitoring Station

2017-02-1419

WXT536

Solar Panel+ Battery

MOG100

AQT420

� Air quality measurements

� Weather measurements

� Additional measurements for e.g. solar radiation

� Data logging capability

� Totally wireless with� solar panel and battery

powering� GSM connection via

MOG100 gateway

Possibility to add up to 4analog and digital sensors

Vaisala Sphere Mobile Version

Vaisala AQ-View Software

Data can be sent to cloud for visualization, however all data processing takes place at sensor end

Test results for AQT400

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AQT400 testing against reference� Tests in co-operation with Helsinki Region Environmental

Services authority, HSY, in urban city canyon (Mäkelänkatu street) in Helsinki

� NO2: AQT410 vs Horiba APNA-370 chemiluminescence analyzer

� O3: AQT410 vs Thermo 49i UV photometric analyzer

� Tests for CO against FMI reference in Kumpula

� Vaisala tests for PM2.5 and PM10 in Helsinki city center (Bulevardi street)

� AQT410 vs TSI DustTrak Aerosol Monitor

� Test in co-operation with Beijing EPA� NO2, O3, SO2 and O3 against Thermo i Series

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© V

aisala

AQ

T410 N

O2

vs. Horiba A

PN

A-370

-20 0 20 40 60 80

100

120

140

09/11/2016 01:0009/11/2016 17:0010/11/2016 09:0011/11/2016 01:0011/11/2016 17:0012/11/2016 09:0013/11/2016 01:0013/11/2016 17:0014/11/2016 09:0015/11/2016 01:0015/11/2016 17:0016/11/2016 09:0017/11/2016 01:0017/11/2016 17:0018/11/2016 09:0019/11/2016 01:0019/11/2016 17:0020/11/2016 09:0021/11/2016 01:0021/11/2016 17:0022/11/2016 09:0023/11/2016 01:0023/11/2016 17:0024/11/2016 09:00

NO

2 ug/m3

NO

2_AQ

T µ

g/m3

y = 1.2271x -

4.9799R

² = 0.946

-20 0 20 40 60 80

100

120

140

020

40

60

80

100

NO

2 14.-24.11.2016

Source: H

SY

Helsinki C

ity, Mäkelänkatu

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AQT410 O3 vs. Thermo 49iHelsinki City, Mäkelänkatu

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AQT420 LPC vs. TSI DustTrak PM2.5/PM10Vaisala R&D, Bulevardi, Helsinki

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Beijing EPA

AQT410 NO2 vs. Thermo 42i chemiluminescence technology

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Beijing EPA

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Beijing EPA

AQT410 O3 vs. Thermo 49i UV photometric technology

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Beijing EPA

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Beijing EPA

AQT410 CO vs. Thermo 48i gas filter correlation technology

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Beijing EPA

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Beijing EPA

AQT410 SO2 vs. Thermo 43i fluorescence technology

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Beijing EPA

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Supplementary air quality networks are needed to increase air quality measurement accuracy. This improves air quality modelling and forecasting and gives us tools to effect on air quality.

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Thank You!