Upload
nizar-touaiti
View
230
Download
0
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
8/10/2019 NE40E-X1X2 Product Description
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/ne40e-x1x2-product-description 1/85
HUAWEI NE40E-X1 & NE40E-X2 Universal
Service RouterV600R003C00
Product Description
Issue 01
Date 2011-05-30
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.
8/10/2019 NE40E-X1X2 Product Description
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/ne40e-x1x2-product-description 2/85
8/10/2019 NE40E-X1X2 Product Description
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/ne40e-x1x2-product-description 3/85
Issue 01 (2011-05-30)Huawei Proprietary and Confidential
Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.i
Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 2011. All rights reserved.
No part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means without prior
written consent of Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.
Trademarks and Permissions
and other Huawei trademarks are trademarks of Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.
All other trademarks and trade names mentioned in this document are the property of their respective
holders.
Notice
The purchased products, services and features are stipulated by the contract made between Huawei and
the customer. All or part of the products, services and features described in this document may not be
within the purchase scope or the usage scope. Unless otherwise specified in the contract, all statements,
information, and recommendations in this document are provided "AS IS" without warranties, guarantees orrepresentations of any kind, either express or implied.
The information in this document is subject to change without notice. Every effort has been made in the
preparation of this document to ensure accuracy of the contents, but all statements, information, and
recommendations in this document do not constitute the warranty of any kind, express or implied.
Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.
Address: Huawei Industrial Base
Bantian, Longgang
Shenzhen 518129
People's Republic of China
Website: http://www.huawei.com
Email: [email protected]
8/10/2019 NE40E-X1X2 Product Description
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/ne40e-x1x2-product-description 4/85
8/10/2019 NE40E-X1X2 Product Description
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/ne40e-x1x2-product-description 5/85
HUAWEI NE40E-X1 & NE40E-X2 Universal Service
Router
Product Description About This Document
Issue 01 (2011-05-30) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential
Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.
iii
About This Document
PurposeThis document describes the contents, the related version, the intended audience, the
conventions, and the update history.
Related VersionsThe following table lists the product versions related to this document.
Product Name Version
HUAWEI NE40E-X1 & NE40E-X2Universal Service Router
V600R003C00
Intended Audience
The intended audiences of this document are:
On-site maintenance engineer
Commissioning engineer
System maintenance engineer
OrganizationThis document consists of nine chapters and is organized as follows.
Chapter Description
1 New Features of
V600R003C00
This chapter introduces the new features of the NE40E.
2 Product Positioning This chapter introduces the product positioning andfeatures of the NE40E.
8/10/2019 NE40E-X1X2 Product Description
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/ne40e-x1x2-product-description 6/85
About This Document
HUAWEI NE40E-X1 & NE40E-X2 Universal Service
Router
Product Description
iv Huawei Proprietary and Confidential
Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.
Issue 01 (2011-05-30)
Chapter Description
3 Product Architecture This chapter describes the physical, logical, and softwarearchitecture of the NE40E.
4 Technical Specifications This chapter describes the technical specifications of the NE40E.
5 FPIC This chapter describes the LPUs of the NE40E.
6 Link Features This chapter describes the link features of the NE40E.
7 Service Features This chapter describes the service features of the NE40E
8 Applicable Environment This chapter describes the networking applications of the
NE40E.
9 Operation and Maintenance This chapter describes the operation and maintenance,
and network management of the NE40E.
10 NMS This chapter describes the NMS of the NE40E.
11 Acronyms andAbbreviations
This appendix lists the acronyms and abbreviationsmentioned in this manual.
Conventions
Symbol Conventions
The symbols that may be found in this document are defined as follows.
Symbol Description
Indicates a hazard with a high level of risk, which if not
avoided, will result in death or serious injury.
Indicates a hazard with a medium or low level of risk,
which if not avoided, could result in minor or moderate
injury.
Indicates a potentially hazardous situation, which if not
avoided, could result in equipment damage, data loss, performance degradation, or unexpected results.
Indicates a tip that may help you solve a problem or save
time.
Provides additional information to emphasize or
supplement important points of the main text.
8/10/2019 NE40E-X1X2 Product Description
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/ne40e-x1x2-product-description 7/85
HUAWEI NE40E-X1 & NE40E-X2 Universal Service
Router
Product Description About This Document
Issue 01 (2011-05-30) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential
Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.
v
General Conventions
The general conventions that may be found in this document are defined as follows.
Convention Description
Times New Roman Normal paragraphs are in Times New Roman.
Boldface Names of files, directories, folders, and users are in
boldface. For example, log in as user root.
Italic Book titles are in italics.
Courier New Examples of information displayed on the screen are in
Courier New.
Command Conventions
The command conventions that may be found in this document are defined as follows.
Convention Description
Boldface The keywords of a command line are in boldface.
Italic Command arguments are in italics.
[ ] Items (keywords or arguments) in brackets [ ] are optional.
{ x | y | ... } Optional items are grouped in braces and separated by
vertical bars. One item is selected.
[ x | y | ... ] Optional items are grouped in brackets and separated by
vertical bars. One item is selected or no item is selected.
{ x | y | ... }* Optional items are grouped in braces and separated by
vertical bars. A minimum of one item or a maximum of all
items can be selected.
[ x | y | ... ]* Optional items are grouped in brackets and separated by
vertical bars. Several items or no item can be selected.
&<1-n> The parameter before the & sign can be repeated 1 to n
times.
# A line starting with the # sign is comments.
GUI Conventions
The GUI conventions that may be found in this document are defined as follows.
Convention Description
Boldface Buttons, menus, parameters, tabs, window, and dialog titles
are in boldface. For example, click OK .
8/10/2019 NE40E-X1X2 Product Description
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/ne40e-x1x2-product-description 8/85
About This Document
HUAWEI NE40E-X1 & NE40E-X2 Universal Service
Router
Product Description
vi Huawei Proprietary and Confidential
Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.
Issue 01 (2011-05-30)
Convention Description
> Multi-level menus are in boldface and separated by the ">"signs. For example, choose File > Create > Folder.
Keyboard Operation
The keyboard operations that may be found in this document are defined as follows.
Format Description
Key Press the key. For example, press Enter and press Tab.
Key 1+Key 2 Press the keys concurrently. For example, pressingCtrl+Alt+A means the three keys should be pressed
concurrently.
Key 1, Key 2 Press the keys in turn. For example, pressing Alt, A means
the two keys should be pressed in turn.
Mouse Operation
The mouse operations that may be found in this document are defined as follows.
Action Description
Click Select and release the primary mouse button without
moving the pointer.
Double-click Press the primary mouse button twice continuously andquickly without moving the pointer.
Drag Press and hold the primary mouse button and move the
pointer to a certain position.
Update HistoryUpdates between document versions are cumulative. Therefore, the latest document version
contains all updates made to previous versions.
Updates in Issue 01(2011-05-30)
First commercial release.
8/10/2019 NE40E-X1X2 Product Description
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/ne40e-x1x2-product-description 9/85
HUAWEI NE40E-X1 & NE40E-X2 Universal Service
Router
Product Description Contents
Issue 01 (2011-05-30) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential
Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.
vii
Contents
About This Document ....................................................................................................................... iii
1 New Features of V600R003C00 .................................................................................................... 1-1
2 Product Positioning ........................................................................................................................ 2-1
2.1 Positioning........................................................ ............................................................ ................................. 2-1
3 Product Architecture ...................................................................................................................... 3-1
3.1 Physical Architecture................................................. ............................................................. ....................... 3-1
3.2 Logical Architecture ................................................................................................... ................................... 3-2
3.3 Software Architecture ........................................................... ............................................................. ............ 3-3
3.4 Data Forwarding Process.................................................................................... ........................................... 3-5
4 Technical Specifications ............................................................................................................... 4-1
5 FPIC .................................................................................................................................................... 5-1
6 Link Features .................................................................................................................................... 6-1
6.1 E1 Link Features .......................................................................................................... ................................. 6-1
6.2 Ethernet Link Features ....................................................................................... ........................................... 6-1
6.3 CPOS Link Features ............................................................. ............................................................. ............ 6-2
7 Service Features ............................................................................................................................... 7-1
7.1 Ethernet Features ......................................................... ............................................................ ...................... 7-1
7.1.1 Layer 2 Ethernet Features ....................... ............................................................ ................................. 7-2
7.1.2 Layer 3 Ethernet Features ....................... ............................................................ ................................. 7-2
7.1.3 QinQ Features ........................................................................................... ........................................... 7-2
7.1.4 Flexible Access to VPNs ......................................................................... ............................................. 7-3
7.1.5 RRPP Link Features .............................................................................................. ............................... 7-3
7.1.6 RSTP/MSTP Features .................................................................... ...................................................... 7-3
7.1.7 BPDU Tunneling Features ............................................................... .................................................... 7-4
7.2 IP Features ........................................................ ............................................................ ................................. 7-4
7.2.1 IPv4/IPv6 Dual Stack ............................................................................................................... ............ 7-4
7.2.2 IPv4 Features................................ ............................................................. ........................................... 7-4
7.2.3 IPv6 Features................................ ............................................................. ........................................... 7-5
7.2.4 IPv4/IPv6 Transition Technology ................................................................ ......................................... 7-5
7.3 Routing Protocol .................................. .............................................................. ........................................... 7-5
8/10/2019 NE40E-X1X2 Product Description
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/ne40e-x1x2-product-description 10/85
Contents
HUAWEI NE40E-X1 & NE40E-X2 Universal
Service Router
Product Description
viii Huawei Proprietary and Confidential
Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.
Issue 01 (2011-05-30)
7.3.1 Unicast Routing............................. ............................................................ ........................................... 7-5
7.3.2 Multicast Routing ........................................................ ............................................................. ............ 7-7
7.4 MPLS ........................................................................ ............................................................. ....................... 7-8
7.5 VPN Features ................................................................................................... ........................................... 7-11
7.5.1 Tunnel Policy ................................................... ............................................................. ..................... 7-12
7.5.2 VPN Tunnel........................................................ ............................................................ .................... 7-12
7.5.3 MPLS L2VPN ............................................................. ............................................................. .......... 7-12
7.5.4 BGP/MPLS L3VPN ................................................................ ........................................................... 7-14
7.6 QoS......................................................... ............................................................ ......................................... 7-15
7.7 Load Balancing .................................... ............................................................ ........................................... 7-19
7.8 Traffic Statistics........................................................... ............................................................ .................... 7-20
7.9 Security Features ......................................................... ............................................................ .................... 7-21
7.10 IP RAN Features ................................ ................................................................ ....................................... 7-26
7.11 Network Reliability .................................................................................................. ................................. 7-26
7.12 Clock ............................................................... ............................................................. ............................. 7-31
8 Applicable Environment ............................................................................................................... 8-1
8.1 Metro Ethernet Solution ....................................................... ............................................................. ............ 8-1
9 Operation and Maintenance ........................................................................................................ 9-1
9.1 System Configuration Modes ................................................................................................ ........................ 9-1
9.2 System Management and Maintenance ........................................................................ ................................. 9-2
9.3 Device Running Status Monitoring ........................................................... .................................................... 9-2
9.4 HGMP .................................................................................. ............................................................. ............ 9-3
9.5 System Service and Status Tracking............................ ............................................................ ...................... 9-4
9.6 System Test and Diagnosis ............................................................... ............................................................. 9-4
9.7 NQA ....................................................... ............................................................ ........................................... 9-4
9.8 In-Service Debugging ............................ ............................................................ ........................................... 9-5
9.9 Upgrade Features......................................................... ............................................................ ...................... 9-5
9.10 License ........................................................... ............................................................ ................................. 9-6
9.11 Other Operation and Maintenance Features .......................................... ...................................................... 9-6
10 NMS................................................................................................................................................ 10-1
11 Acronyms and Abbreviations .................................................................................................. 11-1
8/10/2019 NE40E-X1X2 Product Description
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/ne40e-x1x2-product-description 11/85
HUAWEI NE40E-X1 & NE40E-X2 Universal Service
Router
Product Description Figures
Issue 01 (2011-05-30) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential
Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.
ix
Figures
Figure 3-1 Functional host system................................................................................................ ...................... 3-2
Figure 3-2 Logical architecture ...................................... ............................................................. ....................... 3-3
Figure 3-3 Software architecture of NE40E-X1 .......................................................................... ....................... 3-4
Figure 3-4 Software architecture of NE40E-X2 .......................................................................... ....................... 3-4 Figure 3-5 Data forwarding process ........................................ ............................................................. .............. 3-5
Figure 7-1 IPv4/IPv6 dual stack .................................................................................................. ....................... 7-4
Figure 8-1 MAN deployment ......................................... ............................................................. ....................... 8-1
Figure 8-2 2G/3G RAN solution .................................. .............................................................. ........................ 8-3
Figure 8-3 1588v2 clock solution ........................................................ ............................................................ ... 8-4
8/10/2019 NE40E-X1X2 Product Description
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/ne40e-x1x2-product-description 12/85
8/10/2019 NE40E-X1X2 Product Description
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/ne40e-x1x2-product-description 13/85
HUAWEI NE40E-X1 & NE40E-X2 Universal Service
Router
Product Description Tables
Issue 01 (2011-05-30) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential
Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.
xi
Tables
Table 4-1 Physical Specifications ...................................................................................... ................................. 4-1
Table 4-2 System Configuration .......................................................................................... ............................... 4-2
Table 5-1 Subcards supported by the NE40E-X2 and NE40E-X1...................................................................... 5-1
Table 7-1 Attack types and DHCP snooping working modes .......................................................................... . 7-23
8/10/2019 NE40E-X1X2 Product Description
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/ne40e-x1x2-product-description 14/85
8/10/2019 NE40E-X1X2 Product Description
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/ne40e-x1x2-product-description 15/85
HUAWEI NE40E-X1 & NE40E-X2 Universal Service
Router
Product Description 1 New Features of V600R003C00
Issue 01 (2011-05-30) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential
Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.
1-1
1 New Features of V600R003C00
New Features Where to Place
Flexible access to VPNs 7.1.4 Flexible Access to VPNs
License 9.10 License
IP RAN 7.10 IP RAN Features
Clock 7.12 Clock
8/10/2019 NE40E-X1X2 Product Description
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/ne40e-x1x2-product-description 16/85
8/10/2019 NE40E-X1X2 Product Description
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/ne40e-x1x2-product-description 17/85
HUAWEI NE40E-X1 & NE40E-X2 Universal Service
Router
Product Description 2 Product Positioning
Issue 01 (2011-05-30) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential
Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.
2-1
2 Product Positioning
About This Chapter2.1 Positioning
2.1 PositioningHuawei NE40E-X1&NE40E-X2 Universal Service Router (hereinafter referred to as the
NE40E-X1&NE40E-X2) are a high-end network product used to access, converge, and
transmit carrier-class Ethernet services on Fixed-Mobile Convergence (FMC) MetropolitanArea Networks (MANs).
The NE40E-X1&NE40E-X2 operate on the Versatile Routing Platform (VRP) operating
system developed by Huawei and adopts the hardware-based forwarding and non-blockingdata switching technology. The NE40E-X1&NE40E-X2 feature carrier-class reliability,line-speed forwarding capability, perfect Quality of Service (QoS) mechanism, service
processing capability, and good expansibility.
The NE40E-X1&NE40E-X2 provide strong capabilities in network access, Layer 2 switching,and transmission of Ethernet over Multi-Protocol Label Switching (EoMPLS) services. The
NE40E-X1&NE40E-X2 also support rich IP services and provides broadband access, triple play, IP leased line, and Virtual Private Network (VPN) services. The NE40E-X1&NE40E-X2
can also work in conjunction with the CX200/300, NE80E, NE40E, ME60, and MA5200Gdeveloped by Huawei to set up a hierarchical metro Ethernet that provides rich services for
customers.
8/10/2019 NE40E-X1X2 Product Description
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/ne40e-x1x2-product-description 18/85
2 Product Positioning
HUAWEI NE40E-X1 & NE40E-X2 Universal Service
Router
Product Description
2-2 Huawei Proprietary and Confidential
Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.
Issue 01 (2011-05-30)
NE40E-X1 NE40E-X2
8/10/2019 NE40E-X1X2 Product Description
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/ne40e-x1x2-product-description 19/85
HUAWEI NE40E-X1 & NE40E-X2 Universal Service
Router
Product Description 3 Product Architecture
Issue 01 (2011-05-30) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential
Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.
3-1
3 Product Architecture
About This Chapter3.1 Physical Architecture
3.2 Logical Architecture
3.3 Software Architecture
3.4 Data Forwarding Process
3.1 Physical Architecture
The physical architecture includes the following systems: Power distribution system
Functional host system
Heat dissipation system
Network management system
All systems except the network management system (NMS) are located in an integrated
cabinet. The power distribution system consists of power modules working in 1+1 backupmode.
The following describes only the functional host system.
The functional host system is composed of the system backplane, MPUs, NPUs, and PICs.The functional host system processes data. In addition, it monitors and manages the entire
system, including the power distribution system, heat dissipation system, and NMS through NMS interfaces. Figure 3-1 shows the functional host system of the NE40E.
8/10/2019 NE40E-X1X2 Product Description
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/ne40e-x1x2-product-description 20/85
3 Product Architecture
HUAWEI NE40E-X1 & NE40E-X2 Universal Service
Router
Product Description
3-2 Huawei Proprietary and Confidential
Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.
Issue 01 (2011-05-30)
Figure 3-1 Functional host system
Data Bus
-48 V PSU
(Power Support
Unit)
MPU
(Master)
MPU
PIC 0-7
(Physical
Interface Card)
NPU
NPU
FANMonitor Bus
GE/FE/E1
etc
Control Bus
GE/Console/
Bits/USBMonitor Bus
Control Bus
Monitor Bus
Control Bus
Data Bus
Monitor Bus
Control Bus
Monitor Bus
Control Bus
Monitor Bus
Control Bus
Monitor Bus
Control Bus
Data Bus
Monitor Bus
Control Bus
PSU
(Power Support
Unit)
B a c k
p l a n
e
(Slave)
-48 V
2*10G
2*10GGE/Console/
Bits/USB
The NE40E-X1 has only one NPU and four PICs.
3.2 Logical ArchitectureThe logical architecture of the NE40E consists of the following planes:
Data plane
Control and management plane
Monitoring plane
Figure 3-2 shows the logical architecture.
8/10/2019 NE40E-X1X2 Product Description
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/ne40e-x1x2-product-description 21/85
HUAWEI NE40E-X1 & NE40E-X2 Universal Service
Router
Product Description 3 Product Architecture
Issue 01 (2011-05-30) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential
Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.
3-3
Figure 3-2 Logical architecture
MPU
NPUI PIC * N
Forwarding
unit
Managementunit
NPUI
MPU
Data channel
Monitoring
plane
Control and
management
plane
Data plane
System
monitoring unit
PICs
management unit
Forwarding
unit
Management
unit
System
monitoring unit
Systemmonitoring unitSystemmonitoring unit
The data plane is responsible for high speed processing and non-blocking switching of
data packets. It encapsulates or decapsulates packets, forwards IPv4/IPv6/MPLS packets, performs QoS as well as scheduling and internal high-speed switching, and collects
statistics.
The control and management plane completes all control and management functions for
the system and is the core of the entire system. Control and management units process protocols and signals, and maintain, manage, report on, and control system status.
The monitoring plane monitors the ambient environment to ensure secure and stable
operation of the system. It detects voltage levels, controls system power-on and-off,monitors temperature, and controls fan modules. When a unit fails, the monitoring plane
isolates the faulty unit promptly so that other parts of the system can continue to runnormally.
3.3 Software ArchitectureFigure 3-3 and Figure 3-4shows the software architecture of the NE40E.
8/10/2019 NE40E-X1X2 Product Description
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/ne40e-x1x2-product-description 22/85
3 Product Architecture
HUAWEI NE40E-X1 & NE40E-X2 Universal Service
Router
Product Description
3-4 Huawei Proprietary and Confidential
Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.
Issue 01 (2011-05-30)
Figure 3-3 Software architecture of NE40E-X1
Power
Monitoring
FAN
Monitoring
SNMPRPS
Master
RPS
Slave
IPC
NPU
P I C
P I C
P I C
P I C
Figure 3-4 Software architecture of NE40E-X2
Power
Monitoring
FAN
Monitoring
SNMP RPS
Master
RPS
Slave
IPC
NPU
P I C
P I C
P I C
P I C
NPU
P I C
P I C
P I C
P I C
Software of the NE40E consists of the Routing Process System (RPS), power monitoringsystem, fan monitoring system, Forwarding Support Unit (FSU), and Express Forwarding
Unit (EFU).
8/10/2019 NE40E-X1X2 Product Description
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/ne40e-x1x2-product-description 23/85
HUAWEI NE40E-X1 & NE40E-X2 Universal Service
Router
Product Description 3 Product Architecture
Issue 01 (2011-05-30) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential
Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.
3-5
The RPS, which includes IPOS software, VRP software, and product-adaptation software,
is the control and management module that runs on the MPU. The RPS on the activeMPU and the one on the standby MPU back up each other. RPSs support IPv4/IPv6,
MPLS, LDP, and routing protocols, calculate routes, establish LSPs and multicastdistribution trees, generate unicast, multicast, and MPLS forwarding tables, and they
deliver information concerning all the preceding mentioned to the LPU.
The FSU implements the functions of the link layer and some functions of the IP protocol stack on interfaces.
The EFU performs hardware-based IPv4/IPv6 forwarding, multicast forwarding, MPLSforwarding, and has a statistics functions.
3.4 Data Forwarding Process
Figure 3-5 Data forwarding process
PIC
DatagramDatagram
Processing on the incominginterface
Upstream traffic classification
Searching therouting table to
forward packets
QoS in the
upstream
Congestion
management
Queue
scheduling
IPv4 unicast
IPv4 multicastMPLS
IPv6
MAC
Packet fragmentation
SFU
Micro cell Micro cell
Packet reassembly
Multicast replication
QoS in the
downstreamCongestion
management
Queue
scheduling
Packet
encapsulationand forwarding
in the
downstream
IPv4 unicastIPv4 multicast
MPLS
IPv6
Processing on the outgoinginterface
Downstream traffic
classification
PFE
TM
As shown in Figure 3-5, the Packet Forwarding Engine (PFE) adopts a Network Processor(NP) or an Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC) to implement high-speed packet
routing. External memory types include Static Random Access Memory (SRAM), DynamicRandom Access Memory (DRAM), and Net Search Engine (NSE). The SRAM stores
forwarding entries; the DRAM stores packets; the NSE performs non-linear searching.
8/10/2019 NE40E-X1X2 Product Description
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/ne40e-x1x2-product-description 24/85
3 Product Architecture
HUAWEI NE40E-X1 & NE40E-X2 Universal Service
Router
Product Description
3-6 Huawei Proprietary and Confidential
Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.
Issue 01 (2011-05-30)
Data forwarding processes can be divided into upstream and downstream processes based on
the direction of the data flow.
Upstream process: The Physical Interface Card (PIC) encapsulates packets to frames andthen sends them to the PFE. On the PFE of the inbound interface, the system
decapsulates the frames and identifies the packet types. It then classifies traffic accordingto the QoS configurations on the inbound interface. After traffic classification, the
system searches the Forwarding Information Base (FIB) for the outbound interfaces andnext hops of packets to be forwarded. To forward an IPv4 unicast packet, for instance,
the system searches the FIB for the outbound interface and next hop according to thedestination IP address of the packet. Finally, the system sends the packets containing
information about outbound interfaces and next hops to the traffic management (TM)module.
Downstream process: Information about packet types that have been identified in the
upstream process and about the outbound interfaces is encapsulated through the linklayer protocol and the packets are stored in corresponding queues for transmission. If an
IPv4 packet whose outbound interface is an Ethernet interface, the system needs to
obtain the MAC address of the next hop. Outgoing traffic is then classified according tothe QoS configurations on the outbound interfaces. Finally, the system encapsulates the packets with new Layer 2 headers on the outbound interfaces and sends them to the PIC.
8/10/2019 NE40E-X1X2 Product Description
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/ne40e-x1x2-product-description 25/85
HUAWEI NE40E-X1 & NE40E-X2 Universal Service
Router
Product Description 4 Technical Specifications
Issue 01 (2011-05-30) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential
Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.
4-1
4 Technical Specifications
Physical Specifications
Table 4-1 Physical Specifications
Item NE40E-X2 NE40E-X1
Dimensions (width xdepth x height)
442 mm x 220 mm x 222 mm(5 U height)
442 mm x 220 mm x 132 mm(3 U height)
Installation Mounted in an N63E cabinet, a standard 19-inch cabinet, or a
23-inch North American open rack
Weight (in fullconfiguration)
22 kg 14 kg
Typical power 650 W 350 W
Heat dissipation 2109 BTU/hour 1136 BTU/hour
DC inputvoltage
Ratedvoltage
-48 V
Maximum
voltagerange
-38 V to -72 V
Ambient
temperat
ure
Long-term -5°C to 50°C
Short-term -20°C to 60°C (Short-term refers to a period of not more than 96consecutive hours and a total of not more than 15 days in 1 year.)
Remarks Restriction on the temperature variation rate: 30°C per hour
Storage temperature -40°C to 70°C
Relativeambient
humidity
Long-term 5% to 85% RH, non-condensing
Short-term 5% to 95% RH, non-condensing
Relative storagehumidity
0% to 95% RH, non-condensing
8/10/2019 NE40E-X1X2 Product Description
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/ne40e-x1x2-product-description 26/85
8/10/2019 NE40E-X1X2 Product Description
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/ne40e-x1x2-product-description 27/85
HUAWEI NE40E-X1 & NE40E-X2 Universal Service
Router
Product Description 5 FPIC
Issue 01 (2011-05-30) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential
Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.
5-1
5 FPIC
The NE40E-X2 has eight slots for subcards. Subcards are hot swappable and supportautomatic configuration recovery.
The NE40E-X1 has four slots for subcards. Subcards are hot swappable and supportautomatic configuration recovery.
Table 5-1 Subcards supported by the NE40E-X2 and NE40E-X1
Interface Name Description Remarks
8-Port 100/1000Base-X-SFPHigh-speed Interface Card A
(HIC, Supporting 1588v2)
Supports synchronizationEthernet feature and
multiple types of opticalmodules, and complies with
the 1588v2 standard. Supports the GE optical
module to provide GE
optical interfaces.
Supports the FE optical
module to provide FEoptical interfaces.
Supports the SFP
electrical module to provide 100 M/1000 M
auto-sensing electricalinterfaces. (In this case,
the synchronizationEthernet feature is not
supported.)
Supports the mixed use of
the preceding modules.
Supports hot swapping.
Subcards of this type can beinserted in the slots 5, 6, 9,
and 10 on the NE40E-X2,and the slots 2, 3, 4 and 5 on
the NE40E-X1.
8/10/2019 NE40E-X1X2 Product Description
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/ne40e-x1x2-product-description 28/85
5 FPIC
HUAWEI NE40E-X1 & NE40E-X2 Universal Service
Router
Product Description
5-2 Huawei Proprietary and Confidential
Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.
Issue 01 (2011-05-30)
Interface Name Description Remarks
8-Port 100/1000Base-X-SFPHigh-speed Interface Card
(HIC)
Supports thesynchronization Ethernet
feature and multiple types of
optical modules.
Supports the GE optical
module to provide GEoptical interfaces.
Supports the FE opticalmodule to provide FE
optical interfaces.
Supports the SFPelectrical module to
provide the features of 100M/1000 M auto-sensing
electrical interfaces. Supports the mixed use of
the preceding modules.
Supports hot swapping.
Subcards of this type can beinserted in the slots 5, 6, 9,
and 10 on the NE40E-X2,
and the slots 2, 3, 4 and 5 onthe NE40E-X1.
Auxiliary Flexible Interface
Card with 4-Port
100Base-RJ45(FIC,Supporting 1588v2)
Supports on-site ambient
monitoring, including the
monitoring of burglarproofswitches and smoke sensors.
Supports hot swapping.
Only one subcard of this
type can used on a device.
8-Port 100Base-RJ45
Flexible Interface Card(FIC, Supporting 1588v2)
Supports hot swapping. Subcards of this type can be
inserted in the slots 3, 4, 5,6, 9, 10, 11, and 12 on the NE40E-X2, and in the slots
2, 3, 4 and 5 on the NE40E-X1.
8-Port 100Base-X-SFP
Flexible Interface Card(FIC, Supporting 1588v2)
Supports hot swapping. Subcards of this type can be
inserted in the slots 3, 4, 5,6, 9, 10, 11, and 12 on the
NE40E-X2, and in the slots2, 3, 4 and 5 on the
NE40E-X1.
1-Port ChannelizedOC3c/STM1c POS-SFP
Flexible Interface Card(FIC)
Supports hot swapping, theclock synchronization
feature, and three protocols:Circuit Emulation Service
(CES), Inverse Multiplexingfor ATM (IMA), and
Multi-link Point-to-PointProtocol (ML-PPP).
Subcards of this type can beinserted in the slots 3, 4, 5,
6, 9, 10, 11, and 12 on the NE40E-X2, and in the slots
2, 3, 4 and 5 on the NE40E-X1.
8/10/2019 NE40E-X1X2 Product Description
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/ne40e-x1x2-product-description 29/85
HUAWEI NE40E-X1 & NE40E-X2 Universal Service
Router
Product Description 5 FPIC
Issue 01 (2011-05-30) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential
Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.
5-3
Interface Name Description Remarks
16-Port E1(75ohm) FlexibleInterface Card (FIC)
Supports hot swapping. Subcards of this type can beinserted in the slots 3, 4, 5,
6, 9, 10, 11, and 12 on the
NE40E-X2, and in the slots2, 3, 4 and 5 on the
NE40E-X1.
16-Port E1(120ohm)
Flexible Interface Card
(FIC)
Supports hot swapping. Subcards of this type can be
inserted in the slots 3, 4, 5,
6, 9, 10, 11, and 12 on the NE40E-X2, and in the slots
2, 3, 4 and 5 on the NE40E-X1.
4-port OC-3c/STM-1 ATM
SFP FPIC
Supports hot swapping. Subcards of this type can be
inserted in the slots 3, 4, 5,6, 9, 10, 11, and 12 on the
NE40E-X2, and in the slots2, 3, 4 and 5 on the
NE40E-X1.
8/10/2019 NE40E-X1X2 Product Description
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/ne40e-x1x2-product-description 30/85
8/10/2019 NE40E-X1X2 Product Description
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/ne40e-x1x2-product-description 31/85
HUAWEI NE40E-X1 & NE40E-X2 Universal Service
Router
Product Description 6 Link Features
Issue 01 (2011-05-30) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential
Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.
6-1
6 Link Features
About This Chapter6.1 E1 Link Features
6.2 Ethernet Link Features
6.3 CPOS Link Features
6.1 E1 Link Features
The NE40E provides an E1 interface.
The E1 interface supports the following link protocols: ML-PPP
ATM IMA
TDM
The E1 interface supports the loopback function on an interface, including local loopback and
remote loopback.
PPP on serial interfaces supports the following:
MP
6.2 Ethernet Link FeaturesThe NE40E provides the following features on Ethernet interfaces:
Flow control and auto negotiation of rates
The formed Eth-Trunk interface functions the same as a common Ethernet interface in
supporting services.
Bundling of interfaces of different rates
Binding of interfaces on different boards into one Eth-Trunk
Eth-Trunk member interfaces in active/standby mode
8/10/2019 NE40E-X1X2 Product Description
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/ne40e-x1x2-product-description 32/85
6 Link Features
HUAWEI NE40E-X1 & NE40E-X2 Universal Service
Router
Product Description
6-2 Huawei Proprietary and Confidential
Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.
Issue 01 (2011-05-30)
The NE40E can perform active/standby switchover automatically on Eth-Trunk member
interfaces when the link status of interfaces changes.
Addition or deletion of member interfaces to or from an Eth-Trunk interface
The NE40E can sense the Up or Down status of member interfaces, thus dynamically
changing the bandwidth of the Eth-Trunk. Layer 2 and Layer 3 Eth-Trunk interfaces
E-Trunk, that is, Eth-Trunk interface whose member interfaces reside on differentdevices
Association between Eth-Trunk links and BFD
LACP defined in 802.3ad
The Link Aggregation Control Protocol (LACP) maintains link status according to
interface status. LACP adjusts or disables link aggregation in the case of aggregationchanges.
Ethernet clock synchronization
1588v2 clock VLAN sub-interfaces
Interface loopback, including local loopback and remote loopback
6.3 CPOS Link FeaturesThe NE40E provides the following CPOS features:
Channelization
The E1 interface channalized from a CPOS interface, in compliance with SAToP, can
transparently transmit unstructured TDM services through PWs on an MPLS network.
The E1 interface channalized from a CPOS interface, in compliance with CESoPSN, can
transparently transmit structured TDM services through PWs on an MPLS network.
ML-PPP/TDM/ATM IMA
The NE40E provides CPOS interfaces at 155 Mbit/s. At the link layer, CPOS interfacessupport the following protocols:
− ML-PPP
− TDM
− ATM IMA
Interface loopback, including local loopback and remote loopback
8/10/2019 NE40E-X1X2 Product Description
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/ne40e-x1x2-product-description 33/85
HUAWEI NE40E-X1 & NE40E-X2 Universal Service
Router
Product Description 7 Service Features
Issue 01 (2011-05-30) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential
Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.
7-1
7 Service Features
About This Chapter7.1 Ethernet Features
7.2 IP Features
7.3 Routing Protocol
7.4 MPLS
7.5 VPN Features
7.6 QoS
7.7 Load Balancing
7.8 Traffic Statistics
7.9 Security Features
7.10 IP RAN Features
7.11 Network Reliability
7.12 Clock
7.1 Ethernet Features7.1.1 Layer 2 Ethernet Features
7.1.2 Layer 3 Ethernet Features
7.1.3 QinQ Features
7.1.4 Flexible Access to VPNs
7.1.5 RRPP Link Features
7.1.6 RSTP/MSTP Features
7.1.7 BPDU Tunneling Features
8/10/2019 NE40E-X1X2 Product Description
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/ne40e-x1x2-product-description 34/85
7 Service Features
HUAWEI NE40E-X1 & NE40E-X2 Universal Service
Router
Product Description
7-2 Huawei Proprietary and Confidential
Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.
Issue 01 (2011-05-30)
7.1.1 Layer 2 Ethernet Features
On the NE40E, Ethernet interfaces can work in switched mode at Layer 2 and support VLAN,
VPLS, and QoS services. Functioning as UNIs, Layer 2 Ethernet interfaces support MPLSVPN services.
The NE40E provides the following Layer 2 Ethernet features:
Default VLAN
VLAN trunk
VLANIF interfaces
VLAN aggregation
Inter-VLAN port isolation
Ethernet sub-interfaces
VLAN aggregated sub-interfaces
Port number-based VLAN division
VLAN mapping
VLAN stacking
MAC address limit
Unknown unicast/multicast/broadcast suppression
Spanning Tree Protocol (STP)/Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol (RSTP)
Multiple Spanning Tree Protocol (MSTP)
RRPP with switching time less than 50 ms
7.1.2 Layer 3 Ethernet Features
The NE40E provides the following Layer 3 Ethernet features:
IPv4
IPv6
MPLS
Multicast
VLAN sub-interfaces
QoS
Ethernet sub-interfaces
VLAN aggregation sub-interfaces
7.1.3 QinQ Features
The NE40E provides abundant QinQ features to satisfy different networking requirements.
The QinQ features are as follows:
Identification of double VLAN tags (inner VLAN tag and outer VLAN tag)
Change of the outer VLAN ID
Removal of double VLAN tags and then addition of new double VLAN tags
QinQ mapping for the outer VLAN tag
Change of the EtherType value and 802.1p priority in the outer VLAN tag; copy of the
802.1p priority in the inner VLAN tag to the outer VLAN tag of double-tagged packets
8/10/2019 NE40E-X1X2 Product Description
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/ne40e-x1x2-product-description 35/85
HUAWEI NE40E-X1 & NE40E-X2 Universal Service
Router
Product Description 7 Service Features
Issue 01 (2011-05-30) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential
Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.
7-3
Traffic classification based on the 802.1p priorities in the outer VLAN tags of packets
Rate limit on interfaces based on the 802.1p priorities in both inner and outer VLAN tags
Interface-based QinQ
Interface-based QinQ is applicable to the following scenarios:
− Access to a VPLS network to transparently transmit VLAN packets
− Access to an L2VPN or PWE3 to transparently transmit VLAN packets
VLAN-based QinQ
QinQ termination
EType in the outer tag of QinQ packets used for interoperation with devices of other
vendors
Multicast QinQ
QinQ-based VLAN swapping
VLAN stacking can be applied in the following scenarios:
− Access to VPLS
− Access to VLL or PWE3
7.1.4 Flexible Access to VPNs
In traditional access identification, user information or service information is identified
through a single tag or double tags. For example, the inner tag indicates user informationand the outer tag indicates service information. Different interfaces are configured with
different double tags to access different VPNs. In some scenarios, the access device does not
support QinQ or a single tag is used for multiple services. In this case, the access device mayadd service access information to the 802.1p or DSCP field. Then, the NE40E connected to
the access device needs to use the 802.1p or DSCP value to identify access users. This helps
configure the accesses to different VPNs and set up different QoS scheduling policies.
7.1.5 RRPP Link Features
The Rapid Ring Protection Protocol (RRPP) supports the following functions:
Polling mechanism
Link status change notification
Mechanism of checking the channel status of the sub-ring protocol packets on the major
ring
7.1.6 RSTP/MSTP FeaturesThe NE40E supports the following:
RSTP
MSTP
MSTP provides BPDU protection to defend against such attacks. After the BPDU protection
is enabled, the switch shuts down the edge port that receives BPDUs. At the same time, theswitch informs the NMS of the situation. The edge port can be enabled by the network
administrator.
NE40E can restrict the sending of Layer 2 and Layer 3 protocol packets such as RSTP andDHCP through CP-CAR. This avoids influencing device performance.
8/10/2019 NE40E-X1X2 Product Description
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/ne40e-x1x2-product-description 36/85
7 Service Features
HUAWEI NE40E-X1 & NE40E-X2 Universal Service
Router
Product Description
7-4 Huawei Proprietary and Confidential
Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.
Issue 01 (2011-05-30)
7.1.7 BPDU Tunneling Features
The NE40E supports BPDU tunneling in the following modes:
Port-based BPDU tunneling
VLAN-based BPDU tunneling
QinQ-based BPDU tunneling
VLL-based transparent transmission of BPDUs
VPLS-based transparent transmission of BPDUs
7.2 IP Features7.2.1 IPv4/IPv6 Dual Stack
7.2.2 IPv4 Features
7.2.3 IPv6 Features
7.2.4 IPv4/IPv6 Transition Technology
7.2.1 IPv4/IPv6 Dual Stack
The IPv4/IPv6 dual stack can be easily implemented and can smoothly interoperate with other
protocols. Figure 7-1 shows the structure of the IPv4/IPv6 dual stack.
Figure 7-1 IPv4/IPv6 dual stack
IPv4 IPv6
TCP UDP
IPv4/IPv6 Application
Link Layer
IPv4/IPv6 dual stack (including dual-stack VPN) is supported on the same interface.
7.2.2 IPv4 Features
The NE40E supports the following IPv4 features:
TCP/IP protocol suite, including ICMP, IP, TCP, UDP, socket (TCP/UDP/Raw IP), and
ARP
Static DNS and specified DNS server
FTP server/client and TFTP client
DHCP relay agent and DHCP server
8/10/2019 NE40E-X1X2 Product Description
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/ne40e-x1x2-product-description 37/85
HUAWEI NE40E-X1 & NE40E-X2 Universal Service
Router
Product Description 7 Service Features
Issue 01 (2011-05-30) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential
Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.
7-5
Suppression of DHCP flooding
Ping, tracert, and NQA
NQA can detect the status of ICMP, TCP, UDP, DHCP, FTP, HTTP, and SNMP servicesand test the response time of the services. The system supports NQA in UDP jitter and
ICMP jitter tests by sending and receiving packets on LPUs. The minimum interval atwhich packets are transmitted can be 10 ms. Each LPU supports up to 100 concurrent
jitter tests. The entire system supports up to 1000 concurrent jitter tests.
IP policy-based routing (PBR) and flow-based next hop to which packets are forwarded
IP PBR-based load balancing
Load balancing in unequal cost multiple path (UCMP) mode
Configuration of secondary IP addresses for all physical and logical interfaces
Each interface can be configured with a maximum of 255 secondary IP addresses with31-bit masks.
7.2.3 IPv6 FeaturesThe NE40E supports the following IPv6 features:
IPv6 Neighbor Discovery (ND)
Path MTU Discovery (PMTU)
TCP6, ping IPv6, tracert IPv6, and socket IPv6
Static IPv6 DNS and specified IPv6 DNS server
TFTP IPv6 client
IPv6 PBR
Telnet and SSH
7.2.4 IPv4/IPv6 Transition Technology
The NE40E provides the following IPv4/IPv6 transition technologies:
IPv6 over IPv4 tunnel
The NE40E adopts the following IPv6 over IPv4 tunnel modes:
− IPv6 manual tunnel
− IPv4 over IPv6 automatic tunnel
− 6 to 4 tunnel
6PE and 6vPE
7.3 Routing Protocol
7.3.1 Unicast Routing
7.3.2 Multicast Routing
7.3.1 Unicast Routing
The NE40E supports the following unicast routing features:
IPv4 routing protocols, including RIP, OSPF, IS-IS, and BGP4
8/10/2019 NE40E-X1X2 Product Description
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/ne40e-x1x2-product-description 38/85
7 Service Features
HUAWEI NE40E-X1 & NE40E-X2 Universal Service
Router
Product Description
7-6 Huawei Proprietary and Confidential
Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.
Issue 01 (2011-05-30)
IPv6 routing protocols, including Routing Information Protocol Next Generation (RIPng),
OSPFv3, IS-ISv6, and BGP4+
Static routes that are manually configured by the administrator to simplify network
configurations and improve network performance
Large-capacity routing table to effectively support the operation of a MAN. Selection of the optimal route through the perfect routing policy
Import of routing information of other protocols
Use of routing policies in advertising and receiving routes and filtering of routes throughroute attributes
Password authentication and MD5 authentication to improve network security
Restart of protocol processes through command lines
RIP-1 (classful routing protocol) and RIP-2 (classless routing protocol)
Advertisement of a default route from a RIP-enabled device to its peers and setting of themetric of this route
RIP-triggered updates
Disabling a specified interface from sending or receiving OSPF or RIP packets
Association between OSPF and BGP
Association between OSPF and LDP
Fast OSPF convergence, which can be implemented in the following manners:
− Adjusting the interval at which LSAs are sent
− Enabling OSPF GR
− Configuring BFD for OSPF
OSPF I-SPF and IS-IS I-SPF (I-SPF re-calculates only the affected routes of a shortest
path tree (SPT) rather the entire SPT) OSPF PRC
OSPF calculation of link costs based on the reference bandwidth
Link costs can be manually configured or automatically calculated by the system basedon the reference bandwidth by using the following formula:
Link cost = Reference bandwidth/Interface bandwidth
The integer of the calculated result is the link cost. If the calculated result is smaller than
1, the cost is 1. The link cost can be changed by changing the reference bandwidth. By
default, the reference bandwidth of the NE40E is 100 Mbit/s. The value can be changedto one in the range of 1 to 2147483648 in Mbit/s by running commands.
Two-level IS-IS in a routing domain
Association between IS-IS and LDP
IS-IS GR, OSPF GR and BGP GR, which ensure high reliability with Non-Stop
Forwarding (NSF)
BGP indirect next hop and dynamic update peer-groups
Policy-based route selection by BGP when there are multiple routes to the samedestination
BGP route reflector (RR), which addresses the problem of high costs of full-mesh
requirement when there are many IBGP peers
Sending of BGP Update packets that carry no private AS number
Route dampening, which suppresses unstable routes (unstable routes are neither added to
the BGP routing table nor advertised to other BGP peers)
8/10/2019 NE40E-X1X2 Product Description
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/ne40e-x1x2-product-description 39/85
HUAWEI NE40E-X1 & NE40E-X2 Universal Service
Router
Product Description 7 Service Features
Issue 01 (2011-05-30) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential
Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.
7-7
Routing protocol
BGP fast convergence
The NE40E adopts a new route convergence mechanism and algorithm, which speeds upconvergence of BGP routes. The features are as follows:
− Indirect next hop
− On-demand route iteration
BGP load balancing in multi-homing networking
Non-Stop Routing (NSR)
The NE40E supports the following NSR modes:
− IS-IS NSR
− BGP NSR
The formula for calculating the bandwidth occupies by LSAs on interfaces in the same area is
as follows:
Assume that there are 10000 routes, Ethernet interfaces are used, and the MTU of the Ethernetinterfaces is 1500 bytes. In this case, the Ethernet frame header is of 18 bytes, and each LSA
is of 44 bytes. Each LSA carries information about a route.
(1500-18)/44=44. The preceding formula indicates that an Ethernet frame can carryinformation about 33 routes. In this case, 228 Ethernet frames are required to carry
information about 10000 routes.
7.3.2 Multicast Routing
The NE40E provides the following multicast features:
Multicast protocols
Multicast protocols include the Internet Group Management Protocol (IGMP) ( IGMPv1,
IGMPv2 and IGMPv3), Protocol Independent Multicast-Dense Mode (PIM-DM),Protocol Independent Multicast-Sparse Mode (PIM-SM), Multicast Source Discovery
Protocol (MSDP), and Multi-protocol Border Gateway Protocol (MBGP).
Reverse Path Forwarding (RPF)
PIM-SSM
Anycast RP
IPv6 multicast routing protocols
IPv6 multicast routing protocols include PIM-IPv6-DM, PIM-IPv6-SM, and
PIM-IPv6-SSM.
MLD
Multicast Listener Discovery (MLD) has the following versions:
− MLDv1 defined in RFC 2710
MLDv1 supports Any-Source Multicast (ASM) directly and supports Source-Specific
Multicast (SSM) together with SSM mapping.
− MLDv2 defined in RFC 3810
MLDv2 supports ASM and SSM directly.
Multicast static routes
Configuration of multicast protocols on physical interfaces such as Ethernet, and Trunk
interfaces.
8/10/2019 NE40E-X1X2 Product Description
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/ne40e-x1x2-product-description 40/85
7 Service Features
HUAWEI NE40E-X1 & NE40E-X2 Universal Service
Router
Product Description
7-8 Huawei Proprietary and Confidential
Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.
Issue 01 (2011-05-30)
Filtering of routes based on the routing policy when the multicast routing module
receives, imports, or advertises multicast routes and filtering and forwarding of multicast packets based on the routing policy when IP multicast packets are forwarded
Multicast VPN
The multicast domain (MD) scheme is used to implement this function. Addition and deletion of dummy entries
Query of PIM neighbors and number of control messages
Filtering of PIM neighbors, control of the forwarding boundary, and control of the BSRservice and management boundary
Filtering and suppression of PIM Register messages
MSDP authentication
IGMP packet rate limiting and IGMP proxy
Prompt leave of IGMP and MLD group members and the use of group-policies to restrictthe setup of forwarding entries
Configuration of ACLs, including source address-based packet filtering, control ofmulticast group number, setup of multicast forwarding entries, and Switch-MDT
switching, to ensure multicast security
Multicast group-based, multicast source-based, multicast source/group-based,stable-preferred, and balance-preferred load splitting
IGMP snooping
The NE40E supports IGMP snooping on Layer 2 interfaces, Layer 3 interfaces, QinQ
interfaces, STP topologies, RRPP rings, and VPLS PWs.
Multicast flow control
The NE40E discards or broadcasts unknown multicast packets in the VLAN to which the
receiving interface belongs. Unknown multicast packets are packets that have nocorresponding forwarding entries in the multicast forwarding table.
In addition, the NE40E restricts the maximum percentage of multicast flows on Ethernet
interfaces to control multicast traffic.
Multicast VLAN
The NE40E supports multicast VLAN and VLAN-based 1+1 protection of multicasttraffic.
Multicast VPN
For details, see section "7.5 VPN Features".
Multicast CAC
The NE40E supports multicast Call Admission Control (CAC). When multicast CACrules are configured, the number of multicast groups and bandwidth are restricted forIGMP snooping on interfaces or the entire system.
7.4 MPLSThe NE40E supports MPLS features, and static and dynamic LSPs. Static LSPs require that
the administrator configure the Label Switch Routers (LSRs) along the LSPs and set up LSPs
manually. Dynamic LSPs are set up dynamically in accordance with the routing informationthrough the Label Distribution Protocol (LDP) and RSVP-TE.
The delay for MPLS packets can be controlled in the following aspects:
8/10/2019 NE40E-X1X2 Product Description
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/ne40e-x1x2-product-description 41/85
HUAWEI NE40E-X1 & NE40E-X2 Universal Service
Router
Product Description 7 Service Features
Issue 01 (2011-05-30) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential
Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.
7-9
In the case that there is no traffic congestion, the NE40E adopts a high-speed processor
to ensure line-rate forwarding and low delay.
In the case of traffic congestion, the NE40E ensures preferential forwarding and low
delay for traffic with high priority through mechanisms such as QoS, HQoS, MPLS TE,
and DS-TE.MPLS is supported on all interfaces of the NE40E.
Basic MPLS Functions
The NE40E supports the following MPLS functions:
Basic MPLS functions, service forwarding, and LDP
MPLS distributes labels, sets up LSPs, and transfers parameters used for setting up LSPs.
A maximum of four MPLS labels
LDP
− Downstream Unsolicited (DU) and Downstream on Demand (DoD) label
advertisement modes
− Independent and ordered label distribution control modes
− Liberal and conservative label retention modes
− Loop detection mechanism by using the maximum number of hops and path vector
− Basic discovery mechanism and extended discovery mechanism of LDP sessions
MPLS ping and tracert and detection of the availability of an LSP through the exchange
of MPLS Echo Request packets and MPLS Echo Reply packets
LSP bandwidth alarm function and LSP-based traffic statistics function that is used tocalculate bandwidth usage
Management functions such as the LSP loop detection mechanism
MPLS QoS, mapping from the ToS field in IP packets to the EXP field in MPLS packets,
and MPLS uniform, pipe, and short pipe modes
Static configuration of LSPs and label forwarding based on traffic classification
MPLS trap function
Association between LDP and IGP, which shortens traffic loss to the minimum throughthe synchronization between the LDP status and IGP status in case of network faults
NE40E functioning as a Label Edge Router (LER) or an LSR
An LER is an edge device on an MPLS network that connects the MPLS network toother networks. The LER classifies services, distributes labels, encapsulates or removes
multi-layer labels. When functioning as an egress, the NE40E supports PHP. That is, the NE40E allocates an explicit null label or an implicit null label to the penultimate hop.
An LSR is a core router on an MPLS network. The LSR switches and distributes labels.
Establishment of LSPs between NE40Es of different IS-IS levels and between the NE40E and non-Huawei devices through LDP
MPLS supported by the NE40E complies with the following standards:
− RFC 3031
− RFC 3032
− RFC 3034
− RFC 3035
− RFC 3036
8/10/2019 NE40E-X1X2 Product Description
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/ne40e-x1x2-product-description 42/85
7 Service Features
HUAWEI NE40E-X1 & NE40E-X2 Universal Service
Router
Product Description
7-10 Huawei Proprietary and Confidential
Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.
Issue 01 (2011-05-30)
− RFC 3037
The NE40E supports CR-LDP and RSVP-TE and can interoperate with non-Huaweidevices through CR-LDP or RSVP-TE.
MPLS TEThe MPLS TE technology combines the MPLS technology with traffic engineering. It can
reserve resources by setting up LSP tunnels for a specified path in an attempt to avoidnetwork congestion and balance network traffic.
In the case of resource scarcity, MPLS TE allows the preemption of bandwidth resources of
LSPs with low priorities. This meets the demands of important services or the LSPs with large bandwidth. When an LSP fails or a node is congested, MPLS TE can ensure smooth network
communication through the backup path and the fast reroute (FRR) function. Throughautomatic re-optimization and bandwidth adjustment, MPLS TE improves the self-adaptation
capability of tunnels and properly allocates network resources.
The process of updating the network topology through the TEDB is as follows: When a linkgoes Down, the CSPF failed link timer is enabled. If the IGP route is deleted or the link is
changed within the timeout period of the CSPF failed link timer, CSPF deletes the timer andthen updates the TEDB. If the IGP route is not deleted or the link is not changed after the
timeout period of the CSPF failed link timer expires, the link is considered Up.
MPLS TE provides the following functions:
Processing of static LSPs
MPLS can create and delete static LSPs, which require bandwidth but are manually
configured.
Processing of Constrained Route-Label Switched Path (CR-LSP) of various types and
route calculation through the CSPF algorithm
CR-LSPs are classified into the following types:
RSVP-TE
RSVP authentication complies with RFC 3097.
Auto routing
Auto routing works in either of the following modes:
− IGP shortcut: An LSP is not advertised to neighboring routers. Therefore, otherrouters cannot use the LSP.
− Forwarding adjacency: An LSP is advertised to neighboring routers. Therefore, other
routers can use the LSP.
Fast reroute (FRR)
The switchover through FRR is within 50 ms, which minimizes the data loss whennetwork faults occur.
Auto FRR
Auto FRR is an extension to MPLS TE FRR. You can create a bypass tunnel that meetsthe requirement on the LSP by configuring the attributes of the bypass tunnel, global
auto FRR, and auto FRR on the interface of the primary tunnel. With the change of the primary tunnel, the previous bypass tunnel is deleted automatically. Then, a new bypass
tunnel that meets the requirement is set up.
Backup CR-LSP
The NE40E supports the following backup modes:
8/10/2019 NE40E-X1X2 Product Description
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/ne40e-x1x2-product-description 43/85
HUAWEI NE40E-X1 & NE40E-X2 Universal Service
Router
Product Description 7 Service Features
Issue 01 (2011-05-30) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential
Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.
7-11
− Hot backup
A backup CR-LSP is established immediately after the primary CR-LSP isestablished. When the primary CR-LSP fails, MPLS TE switches traffic immediately
to the backup CR-LSP.
− Ordinary backup
A backup CR-LSP is set up when the primary CR-LSP fails.
LDP over TE
In existing networks, not all devices support MPLS TE. It is possible that only thedevices at the network core support TE and the devices at the network edge use LDP.
The application of LDP over TE is therefore put forward. With LDP over TE, the TEtunnel is considered as a hop of the entire LDP LSP. Through forwarding adjacency, one
MPLE TE tunnel can be considered as a virtual link and advertised to an IGP network.
Make-before-break
Make-before-break is a technology for ensuring highly reliable CR-LSP switchover. The
original path is not deleted until a new path has been created. Before a new CR-LSP is
created, the original CR-LSP is not deleted. After a new CR-LSP has been created, thetraffic is switched to the new CR-LSP first, and then the original CR-LSP is deleted. Thisensures non-stop traffic forwarding.
DS-TE
DS-TE implemented on the NE40E supports the Non-IETF mode and the IETF mode.
− The Non-IETF (non-standard) mode supports two CTs (CT0 and CT1), eight
priorities (0-7), and two bandwidth constraint models (RDM and MAM).
The CT here refers to the class type of a corresponding service flow. The priority here
refers to the LSP preemption priority.
− The IETF (standard) mode supports eight CTs (CT0 through CT7), eight priorities
(0-7), and three bandwidth constraint models (RDM, MAM, and Extended).DS-TE supports TE FRR, hot standby, protection switchover, and CT-based trafficstatistics collection.
MPLS OAM
MPLS OAM functions are as follows:
MPLS OAM detection
MPLS OAM sends CV/FFD and BDI packets along an LSP to be detected and its reverseLSP to detect its connectivity.
OAM auto protocol
Protection switching
7.5 VPN Features7.5.1 Tunnel Policy
7.5.2 VPN Tunnel
7.5.3 MPLS L2VPN
7.5.4 BGP/MPLS L3VPN
8/10/2019 NE40E-X1X2 Product Description
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/ne40e-x1x2-product-description 44/85
7 Service Features
HUAWEI NE40E-X1 & NE40E-X2 Universal Service
Router
Product Description
7-12 Huawei Proprietary and Confidential
Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.
Issue 01 (2011-05-30)
7.5.1 Tunnel Policy
Tunnel policies are used to select tunnels according to destination IP addresses. Tunnels are
selected according to tunnel policies as required. If no tunnel policy is created, the tunnelmanagement module searches for a tunnel according to the default tunnel policy.
The NE40E supports the following tunnel policies:
Tunnel policy in select-sequence mode
In this mode, you need to specify the sequence in which the tunnel types are selected and
the number of tunnels carrying out load balancing. If a tunnel listed earlier is Up, it isselected regardless of whether other services have selected it. The tunnels listed later are
not selected except in case of load balancing or when the preceding tunnels are all Down.
VPN tunnel binding
VPN tunnel binding means that the peer end of the VPN on the PE of the VPN backbone
network is associated with a certain MPLS TE tunnel. The data from the VPN to the peerPE is transmitted through the dedicated TE tunnel. The bound TE tunnel carries only
specified VPN services. This ensures QoS of the specified VPN services.
7.5.2 VPN Tunnel
The NE40E supports the following types of VPN tunnels:
LSPs
TE tunnels
7.5.3 MPLS L2VPN
The NE40E provides L2VPN services over an MPLS network where the ISP can provide
L2VPNs over different media.
VLL
The NE40E supports the following VLL functions:
Martini VLL
The Martini mode supports double labels. The inner label adopts extended LDP for
signaling in compliance with RFC 4096.
The type of VC FEC is 128. VC encapsulation types include 0x0004 Ethernet TaggedMode, 0x0005 Ethernet, and 0x000B IP Layer2 Transport.
Kompella VLLVC encapsulation types of Kompella VLL include ATM-1to1-VCC, ATM-1to1-VPC,
ATM-AAL5-SDU, ATM-nto1-VCC, ATM-nto1-VPC, ATM-trans-cell, Ethernet, PPP,
VLAN, and IP-interworking.
Kompella VLL supports the local inter-board switching of packets in 802.1Q mode.
Kompella VLL supports inter-AS VPN.
CCC VLL
CCC VLL supports the local inter-board switching of packets in 802.1Q mode
SVC VLL
VLL heterogeneous interworking
8/10/2019 NE40E-X1X2 Product Description
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/ne40e-x1x2-product-description 45/85
HUAWEI NE40E-X1 & NE40E-X2 Universal Service
Router
Product Description 7 Service Features
Issue 01 (2011-05-30) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential
Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.
7-13
VLL heterogeneous IP-interworking is used when the link types of CEs on both ends of
an L2VPN link are different. In MPLS L2VPN heterogeneous IP-interworking, afterreceiving a frame from a CE, a PE decapsulates the link-layer packet and transmits the IP
packet across an MPLS network. The IP packet is transparently transmitted to the peerPE. The peer PE re-encapsulates IP packet according to its link layer protocol and
transmits the packet to the connected CE. The link-layer control packet sent by the CE is processed by the PE and is not transmitted through the MPLS network. All non-IP
packets such as MPLS and IPX packets are discarded.
Transparent transmission of certain types of link layer protocol packets
Interfaces can be configured to transparently transmit certain types of link layer protocol
packets, such as BPDUs, STP packets, LLDP packets, UDLD packets, CDP packets, andHGMP packets.
Inter-AS VLL
− SVC VLL, Martini VLL, and Kompella VLL can implement inter-AS L2VPN OptionA (VRF-to-VRF).
− Option B requires the switching of both inner and outer labels on the ASBR, and istherefore not suitable for the VLL.
− Option C is the best solution.
VLL over TE ECMP
VPLS
In a VPLS network, PEs can be all connected to each other and enabled with split horizon to prevent Layer 2 loops.
The implementations of VPLS control plane through BGP and LDP are called Kompella
VPLS and Martini VPLS respectively.
Kompella VPLS
Kompella VPLS has good scalability. With Kompella VPLS, BGP is adopted forsignaling, and VPN targets are configured to implement automatic discovery of VPLS
members. Therefore, the addition or deletion of PEs requires few additional operations.
Martini VPLS
Martini VPLS has poor scalability. With Martini VPLS, LDP is adopted for signaling,
and the peers of a PE need to be manually specified. PEs in a VPLS network are allconnected to each other. Therefore, adding a new PE requires configurations on all the
other associated PEs to be modified.A pseudo wire (PW) is actually a point-to-point link.This means that using LDP to create, maintain, and delete the PW is more effective.
The NE40E supports the following VPLS functions:
Access to the VPLS network in QinQ mode
HVPLS
IGMP snooping for VPLS
One MAC address space for each VSI
VPLS learns MAC addresses in the following modes:
− Unqualified mode: In this mode, a VSI can contain multiple VLANs sharing a MAC
address space and a broadcast domain. When learning MAC addresses, VPLS alsoneeds to learn VLAN IDs.
8/10/2019 NE40E-X1X2 Product Description
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/ne40e-x1x2-product-description 46/85
7 Service Features
HUAWEI NE40E-X1 & NE40E-X2 Universal Service
Router
Product Description
7-14 Huawei Proprietary and Confidential
Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.
Issue 01 (2011-05-30)
− Qualified mode: In this mode, a VSI has only one VLAN, which has an independent
MAC address space and a broadcast domain. When learning MAC addresses, VPLSdoes not need to learn VLAN IDs.
VPLS/HVPLS equal-cost load balancing
Fast switching of multicast traffic mVPLS
STP over PW
STP over VPLS
Transparent transmission of certain types of link layer protocol packets
Interfaces can be configured to transparently transmit certain types of link layer protocol packets, such as BPDUs, STP packets, LLDP packets, UDLD packets, CDP packets, and
HGMP packets.
Ethernet loop detection
PWE3The NE40E supports the following PWE3 functions:
Virtual Circuit Connectivity Verification PING (VCCV-PING)
The NE40E supports the manual LDP PW connectivity detection on the UPE, including
the connectivity of static PWs, dynamic PWs, single-hop PWs, and multi-hop PWs.
PW template
The NE40E supports the binding between a PW and a PW template, and the reset ofPWs.
The NE40E supports heterogeneous interworking.
Currently, the NE40E supports the transparent transmission of the following packetsthrough PWE3: ATM AAL5 SDU VCC transport, Ethernet, ATM n-to-one VCC cell
transport, IP Layer 2 transport, and ATM one-to-one VCC cell mode.
PW redundancy
The NE40E supports the circuit emulation service (CES) by using Pseudo-Wire
Emulation Edge to Edge (PWE3).
The CES is classified into the Structure-aware TDM Circuit Emulation Service over
Packet Switched Network (CESoPSN) and Structure-Agnostic TDM over Packet (SAToP)service.
7.5.4 BGP/MPLS L3VPN
The NE40E supports MPLS/BGP L3VPN, providing an end-to-end VPN solution for carriers.
Carriers can provide VPN services for users as a new value-added service. The NE40Esupports the following BGP/MPLS L3VPN functions:
Access of a CE to an L3VPN through Layer 3 interfaces such as Ethernet, and VLANIF
interfaces
Static routes, BGP, RIP, OSPF, or IS-IS running between a CE and a PE
Carrier's carrier
Inter-AS VPN
The NE40E supports the following inter-AS VPN solutions described in RFC 2547bis:
− VPN instance to VPN instance, also called Inter-Provider Backbones Option A
8/10/2019 NE40E-X1X2 Product Description
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/ne40e-x1x2-product-description 47/85
HUAWEI NE40E-X1 & NE40E-X2 Universal Service
Router
Product Description 7 Service Features
Issue 01 (2011-05-30) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential
Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.
7-15
In Option A, sub-interfaces connecting the Autonomous System Boundary Routers
(ASBRs) manage VPN routes.
− EBGP redistribution of labeled VPN-IPv4 routes, also called Inter-Provider
Backbones Option B
In Option B, ASBRs advertise labeled VPN-IPv4 routes to each other throughMP-EBGP.
− Multihop EBGP redistribution of labeled VPN-IPv4 routes, also called Inter-ProviderBackbones Option C
In Option C, PEs advertise labeled VPN-IPv4 routes to each other through Multihop
MP-EBGP.
Multicast VPN
IPv6 VPN
The NE40E supports the following IPv6 VPN networking solutions:
− Intranet VPN
− Extranet VPN
− Hub&Spoke
− Inter-AS or multi-AS backbones VPN
− Carriers' carrier
HoVPN
Resource reservation VPN (RRVPN)
Multi-role host
7.6 QoSOn the NE40E, you can collect traffic statistics on the packets on which QoS is performed and
view the statistics result through corresponding display commands.
The NE40E supports the following QoS functions:
Diff-Serv Model
Multiple service flows can be aggregated into a Behavior Aggregate (BA) and then processed
based on the same Per-Hop Behavior (PHB). This simplifies the processing and storage ofservices.
On the Diff-Serv core network, packet-specific QoS is provided. Therefore, signaling processing is not required.
Simple Traffic Classification
Currently, the NE40E supports simple traffic classification not only on physical interfaces andsub-interfaces but also on logical interfaces such as member interfaces of VLANIF and trunk
interfaces.
Complex Traffic Classification
The NE40E performs complex traffic classification based on the following information:
Layer 2 and Layer 3 information of packets
8/10/2019 NE40E-X1X2 Product Description
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/ne40e-x1x2-product-description 48/85
7 Service Features
HUAWEI NE40E-X1 & NE40E-X2 Universal Service
Router
Product Description
7-16 Huawei Proprietary and Confidential
Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.
Issue 01 (2011-05-30)
Source MAC address, destination MAC address, link layer protocol number, and 802.1p
value (of tagged packets) in the Ethernet frame header; IP precedence, DSCP, or ToSvalue, source IP address prefix, destination IP address prefix, protocol number,
fragmentation flag, TCP SYN flag, TCP/UDP source port number or port range, andTCP/UDP destination port number or port rang of IPv4 packets
Information carried in IPv6 packets
In addition to physical interfaces, traffic classification can be performed on logicalinterfaces, including sub-interfaces and trunk interfaces.
Traffic Policing
CAR is mainly used for rate limit. In the implementation of CAR, a token bucket is used to
measure the data flows that pass through the interfaces on a router so that only the packetsassigned with tokens can go through the router in the specified time period. In this manner,
the rates of both incoming and outgoing traffic are controlled. In addition, the rate of certaintypes of data flows can be controlled based on the information such as the IP address, port
number, and priority. Rate limit is not performed on the data flows that do not meet thespecified conditions, and such data flows are forwarded at the original interface rate.
CAR is mainly implemented at the edge of a network to ensure that core devices on the
network process data properly. The NE40E supports CAR for both incoming and outgoingtraffic.
Queue Scheduling
The NE40E supports FIFO, PQ, and WFQ for queue scheduling on interfaces.
The NE40E maps packets of different priorities to different queues and adopts Round Robin
(RR) on each interface for queue scheduling.
Priority Queues (PQs) are classified into four types: top PQs, middle PQs, normal PQs, and
bottom PQs. They are ordered in descending order of priorities. When packets leave queues,PQ allows the packets in the top PQ to go first. Packets in the top PQ are sent as long as there
are packets in this PQ. The NE40E sends packets in the middle PQ only when all packets inthe top PQ are sent. Similarly, the NE40E sends packets in the normal PQ only when all
packets in the middle PQ are sent; the NE40E sends packets in the bottom PQ only when all
packets in the normal PQ are sent. As a result, the packets in the PQ of a higher priority arealways sent preferentially, which ensures that packets of key services are processed
preferentially when the network is congested. Packets of common services are processedwhen the network is idle. In this manner, the quality of key services is guaranteed, and the
network resources are fully utilized.
Weight Fair Queuing (hereinafter referred to as WFQ) is a complex queuing process, whichensures that the services with the same priority are fairly treated and the services with
different priorities are weighted. The number of WFQ queues can be pre-set and is allowed torange from 16 to 4096. WFQ weights services based on their requirements for the bandwidth
and delay. The weights are determined by the IP precedence in the IP packet headers. WithWFQ, the NE40E implements dynamic traffic classification based on quintuples or ToS
values. The packets with the same quintuple (source IP address, destination IP address, source port number, destination port number, and protocol number) or ToS value belong to the same
flow. Packets in one flow are placed in one queue through the Hash algorithm. When flowsenter queues, WFQ automatically places different flows into different queues based on the
Hash algorithm. When flows leave queues, WFQ allocates bandwidths to flows on theoutbound interface based on different IP precedence of the flows. The smaller the precedence
value of a flow, the smaller the bandwidth of the flow. In this manner, services of the same
8/10/2019 NE40E-X1X2 Product Description
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/ne40e-x1x2-product-description 49/85
HUAWEI NE40E-X1 & NE40E-X2 Universal Service
Router
Product Description 7 Service Features
Issue 01 (2011-05-30) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential
Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.
7-17
precedence are treated fairly; services of different precedence are treated based on their
weights.
Congestion Avoidance
Congestion avoidance is a traffic control mechanism used to avoid network overload byadjusting network traffic. With this mechanism, the NE40E can monitor the usage of network
resources (such as queues and buffers in the memory) and discard packets when the networkcongestion intensifies.
Random Early Detection (RED) or Weighted Random Early Detection (WRED) algorithms
are frequently used in congestion avoidance.
The RED algorithm sets the upper and lower limits for each queue and specifies the following
rules:
When the length of a queue is below the lower limit, no packet is discarded.
When the length of a queue exceeds the upper limit, all the incoming packets are
discarded.
When the length of a queue is between the lower and upper limits, the incoming packetsare discarded randomly. A random number is set for each received packet, and the
random number is compared with the drop probability of the current queue. The packetis discarded when the random number is larger than the drop probability. The longer the
queue, the higher the drop probability. The drop probability, however, has an upper limit.
Unlike RED, the random number in WRED is based on the IP precedence of IP packets.
WRED keeps a lower drop probability for the packets that have a higher IP precedence.
RED and WRED employ the random packet drop policy to avoid global TCP synchronization.The NE40E adopts WRED to implement congestion avoidance.
The NE40E supports congestion avoidance in both inbound and outbound directions of an
interface. The WRED template is applied in the outbound direction; the default scheduling policy in the system is applied in the inbound direction. In addition, WRED can be applied to
the Multicast Tunnel interface (MTI) that is bound to the distributed multicast VPN on the NE40E.
The NE40E supports congestion avoidance based on services. The NE40E reserves on each
interface eight service queues, that is, BE, AF1, AF2, AF3, AF4, EF, CS6, and CS7. The NE40E colors packets with red, yellow, and green to identify the priorities of packets and
discard certain packets.
HQoS
The NE40E supports the following HQoS functions:
Provides five levels of scheduling modes to ensure diverse services.
Sets parameters such as the maximum queue length, WRED, low delay, SP/WRR, CBS,
PBS, and statistics function for each queue.
Sets parameters such as the CIR, PIR, number of queues, and algorithm for scheduling
queues for each user.
Provides the traffic statistics function. Users can learn the bandwidth usage of services
and properly distribute the bandwidth by analyzing traffic.
Supports HQoS in the VPLS, L3VPN, VLL, and TE scenarios.
Supports interface-based, VLAN-based, user-based, and service-based HQoS.
8/10/2019 NE40E-X1X2 Product Description
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/ne40e-x1x2-product-description 50/85
7 Service Features
HUAWEI NE40E-X1 & NE40E-X2 Universal Service
Router
Product Description
7-18 Huawei Proprietary and Confidential
Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.
Issue 01 (2011-05-30)
QPPB
QPPB is the abbreviation of QoS Policy Propagation Through the Border Gateway Protocol.
The receiver of BGP routes performs the following operations:
Sets QoS parameters such as IP precedence and traffic behavior for a BGP route basedon the attributes of the route.
Classifies traffic according to QoS parameters and sets the QoS policy for the classifiedtraffic.
Forwards packets according to the locally configured QoS policies to propagate QoS policies through BGP.
The receiver of BGP routes can set QoS parameters (IP precedence and associated traffic
behavior) based on the following attributes:
ACL
AS path list in routing information
Community attribute list in routing information
Metrics in routing information
IP prefix list
QoS for Ethernet Layer 2 simple traffic classification
The NE40E performs simple traffic classification according to the 802.1p field in VLAN packets. On the ingress PE, the 802.1p priority in a Layer 2 packet is mapped to the
precedence defined by the upper layer protocol, such as the IP DSCP value or the MPLSEXP value. In this manner, Diff-Serv is implemented for the packets on the backbone
network. On the egress PE, the precedence of the upper layer protocol is mapped back tothe 802.1p priority.
QinQ simple traffic classification
In the QinQ implementation, the 802.1p values in both inner and outer VLAN tags needto be detected. The NE40E can detect the 802.1p value by the following means:
− Ignores the 802.1p value in the inner VLAN tag and sets a new 802.1p value in theouter VLAN tag.
− Automatically converts the 802.1p value in the inner VLAN tag into the 802.1p value
in the outer VLAN tag.
− Sets a new 802.1p value in the outer VLAN tag according to the 802.1p value in the
inner VLAN tag.Based on the preceding methods and the mapping of the inner VLAN tag to the outer
VLAN tag, QinQ supports 802.1p re-marking in the following modes:
− Specifying a given value.
− Adopting the 802.1p value in the inner VLAN tag.
− Mapping the 802.1p value in the inner VLAN tag to the 802.1p value in the outerVLAN tag. The 802.1p values in multiple inner VLAN tags of different packets can
be mapped to the 802.1p value in one outer VLAN tag; whereas the 802.1p value inone inner VLAN tag cannot be mapped to the 802.1p values in multiple outer VLAN
tags of different packets.
8/10/2019 NE40E-X1X2 Product Description
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/ne40e-x1x2-product-description 51/85
HUAWEI NE40E-X1 & NE40E-X2 Universal Service
Router
Product Description 7 Service Features
Issue 01 (2011-05-30) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential
Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.
7-19
MPLS HQoS
MPLS QoS is a complete L2VPN/L3VPN QoS solution. It resorts to various QoS techniques
to meet the diversified and delicate QoS demands of VPN users. MPLS QoS provides relativeQoS on the MPLS Diff-Serv network and end-to-end QoS on the MPLE TE network. In
actual applications, the following QoS policies are supported.
QPPB applied to an L3VPN
MPLS Diff-Serv applied to an L2VPN/L3VPN
MPLS TE applied to an L2VPN/L3VPN
MPLS DS-TE applied to an L2VPN/L3VPN
VPN-based QoS applied to the network side of an L2VPN/L3VPN
7.7 Load BalancingIn a scenario where there are multiple equal-cost routes to the same destination, the NE40E
can balance traffic among these routes. The NE40E provides equal-cost load balancing andunequal-cost load balancing, which can be selected as required. In equal-cost load balancing
mode, traffic is evenly load-balanced among different routes. In unequal-cost load balancing
mode, traffic is load-balanced among different routes based on the proportion of bandwidth ofeach interface.
Equal-Cost Load Balancing
The NE40E can implement equal-cost load balancing on the traffic transmitted through the
member links of an IP-Trunk or an Eth-Trunk. When there are multiple equal-cost routes to
the same destination, the NE40E can evenly balance traffic among these routes.
Load balancing can be implemented in session-by-session mode.
Unequal-Cost Load Balancing
The NE40E supports the following unequal-cost load balancing modes:
Load balancing based on routes
When the costs of different direct routes are the same, you can configure a weight for
each route for load balancing.
Load balancing based on interfaces
For an IP-Trunk or an Eth-Trunk, you can configure a weight for each member link forload balancing.
Load balancing based on link bandwidth for IGP
In this mode, unequal-cost session-by-session load balancing is performed on theoutbound interfaces of paths carrying out load balancing. The proportion of traffic
transmitted along each path is approximate to or equal to the proportion of bandwidth of
each link. This mode fully considers the link bandwidth. In this manner, the case thatlinks with low bandwidth are overloaded whereas links with high bandwidth are idle
does not exist.
The NE40E can balance traffic between physical interfaces or between physical interfaces and
logical interfaces. In addition, the NE40E can detect the changes of logical interface
bandwidth due to manual configuration of new member links or the status changes of member
8/10/2019 NE40E-X1X2 Product Description
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/ne40e-x1x2-product-description 52/85
7 Service Features
HUAWEI NE40E-X1 & NE40E-X2 Universal Service
Router
Product Description
7-20 Huawei Proprietary and Confidential
Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.
Issue 01 (2011-05-30)
links. When the bandwidth of a logical interface changes, traffic is automatically
load-balanced based on the new bandwidth proportion.
7.8 Traffic StatisticsThe NE40E collects the statistics on access services for various users with multiple statistic
functions. The traffic statistics functions are as follows:
The traffic statistics functions are as follows:
Helps carriers analyze the traffic model of the network.
Provides reference data for carriers to deploy and maintain Diff-Serv TE.
Supports traffic-based accounting for non-monthly rental users.
URPF Traffic Statistics
The NE40E collects statistics on the forwarded traffic based on URPF and the traffic
discarded during the URPF check.
ACL Traffic Statistics
The NE40E supports the ACL traffic statistics function. When the created ACLs are applied to
QoS and PBR, the NE40E can collect statistics based on ACLs after the ACL traffic statisticsfunction is enabled. The NE40E also provides commands to query the number of matched
packets and bytes.
CAR Traffic StatisticsThe NE40E provides diverse QoS functions such as traffic classification, traffic policing
(CAR), and queue scheduling. For these specific functions, the NE40E provides the following
QoS traffic statistics functions:
In traffic classification, the system can collect statistics on the traffic that matches rules
and fails to match rules.
The traffic statistics function for traffic policing is implemented in the followingmanners:
− Collects the statistics on the total traffic that matches the CAR rule.
− Collects the statistics on the traffic that is permitted or discarded by the CAR rule.
− Supports the interface-based traffic statistics.
− Supports interface-based CAR traffic statistics when the same traffic policy is appliedto different interfaces.
HQoS Traffic Statistics
The NE40E can collect the following HQoS traffic statistics:
Statistics on the number of forwarding packets, bytes, and discarded packets of a user
queue which includes eight flow queues of different priorities
Statistics on the number of forwarded packets, bytes, and discarded packets of a user
group queue
8/10/2019 NE40E-X1X2 Product Description
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/ne40e-x1x2-product-description 53/85
HUAWEI NE40E-X1 & NE40E-X2 Universal Service
Router
Product Description 7 Service Features
Issue 01 (2011-05-30) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential
Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.
7-21
Statistics on the number of forwarded packets, bytes, and discarded packets of eight
queues of different priorities on an interface
Interface-Based Traffic Statistics
Traffic statistics can be collected on all interfaces, including physical interfaces,sub-interfaces, loopback interfaces, null interfaces, logical channel interfaces, and virtual
Ethernet interfaces.
Statistics on IPv4 and IPv6 packets, including unicast packets, multicast packets, and broadcast packets, can also be collected.
Statistics on all protocol packets that are supported can be collected, such as MPLS packets,ARP packets, IGP packets, BGP packets, PIM packets, and DHCP packets.
The NE40E uses the 64-bit register to store the interface-based traffic statistics. For example,
the register can store the traffic statistics on a 10G interface for 58.5 years.
VPN Traffic Statistics
On a VPLS network, the NE40E, functioning as a PE, can collect statistics on incoming andoutgoing traffic of L2VPN users that are connected to the NE40E.
On an L3VPN, the NE40E, functioning as a PE, can collect statistics on incoming and
outgoing traffic of various types of access users. The access users include:
Users that access the network through interfaces including logical interfaces
Multi-role hosts
Users that access the network through the VPLS/VLL
When MPLS HQoS services are configured, the NE40E, functioning as an ingress PE,
can collect statistics on the traffic that is sent by the network side.
Traffic Statistics on TE Tunnels
The NE40E, functioning as a PE on an MPLS TE network, can collect statistics on incomingand outgoing traffic of a tunnel. When a VPN is statically bound to a TE tunnel, the NE40E
can collect statistics on traffic of each RRVPN over the TE tunnel and the total traffic over theTE tunnel.
Statistics can be collected on traffic of each CT on a DS-TE tunnel.
7.9 Security Features
Security Authentication
The NE40E supports the following security authentication functions:
AAA
Plain text authentication and MD5 encrypted text authentication supported by routing
protocols that include RIPv2, OSPF, IS-IS, and BGP
MD5 encrypted text authentication supported by LDP and RSVP
SNMPv3 encryption and authentication
8/10/2019 NE40E-X1X2 Product Description
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/ne40e-x1x2-product-description 54/85
7 Service Features
HUAWEI NE40E-X1 & NE40E-X2 Universal Service
Router
Product Description
7-22 Huawei Proprietary and Confidential
Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.
Issue 01 (2011-05-30)
URPF
The NE40E supports URPF for IPv4/IPv6 traffic.
MAC Address LimitThe NE40E supports the following MAC address limit functions:
Limit on the number of MAC addresses that can be learned
Limit on the speed of MAC address learning
Limit on interface-based MAC address learning
Limit on PW-based MAC address learning
Limit on VLAN+interface-based MAC address learning
Limit on interface+VSI-based MAC address learning
Limit on QinQ-based MAC address learning
MAC entries in a MAC address table are classified into three types:
Dynamic entries
Dynamic entries are learnt by interfaces and stored in hardware of LPUs. Dynamicentries age. Dynamic entries will be lost in the case of the system reset, LPU hot swap,
or LPU reset.
Static entries
Static entries are configured by users and delivered to LPUs. Static entries do not age.
After static entries are configured and saved, they are not lost in the case of the systemreset, LPU hot swap, or LPU reset.
Blackhole entries
Blackhole entries are used to filter out the data frames that contain specific destinationMAC addresses. Blackhole entries are configured by users and delivered to LPUs.
Blackhole entries do not age. After blackhole entries are configured and saved, they willnot be lost in the case of the system reset, LPU hot swap, or LPU reset.
MAC Entry Deletion
The NE40E provides the following MAC entry deletion functions:
Interface+VSI-based MAC entry deletion
Interface+VLAN-based MAC entry deletion
Trunk-based MAC entry deletion Outbound QinQ interface-based MAC entry deletion
Unknown Traffic Limit
With the unknown traffic limit, the NE40E implements the following operations on a VPLS orLayer 2 network:
Manages user traffic.
Boards that are not LPUI-41s or LPUF-100s manage only the traffic of VSI and VLANusers.
Allocates bandwidth to users.
8/10/2019 NE40E-X1X2 Product Description
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/ne40e-x1x2-product-description 55/85
HUAWEI NE40E-X1 & NE40E-X2 Universal Service
Router
Product Description 7 Service Features
Issue 01 (2011-05-30) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential
Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.
7-23
In this manner, the network bandwidth is reasonably used and the network security is
guaranteed.
IGMP Snooping
The NE40E supports IGMP snooping on Layer 2 interfaces, Layer 3 interfaces, QinQinterfaces, STP topologies, RRPP rings, and VPLS PWs.
DHCP Snooping
DHCP snooping is mainly used to prevent DHCP Denial of Service (DoS) attacks, bogus
DHCP server attacks, ARP middleman attacks, and IP/MAC spoofing attacks when DHCP isenabled on the NE40E.
The working mode of DHCP snooping varies with the attack type, as shown in Table 7-1.
Table 7-1 Attack types and DHCP snooping working modes
Attack Type DHCP Snooping Anti-Attack WorkingMode
DHCP exhaustion attack MAC address limit
Bogus DHCP server attack Trusted/untrusted
Middleman attack and IP/MAC spoofing
attack
DHCP snooping binding table
DoS attack by changing the value of theClient Hardware Address (CHADDR)
field
Check on the CHADDR field in DHCP packets
Local Attack Defense
The NE40E provides a uniform local attack defense module to manage and maintain theattack defense policies of the whole system, thus offering an all-around attack defense
solution that is operable and maintainable to users.
The NE40E supports the following attack defense functions:
Whitelist
Blacklist
CPU Total CAR
IGMP VLAN CAR
User-defined flow
Active link protection (ALP)
The NE40E protects the TCP-based application-layer data such as session data with the
whitelist function.
Uniform configuration of CAR parameters
The NE40E provides the following methods of configuring CAR parameters:
−
Same CAR parameters configured on different LPUs
8/10/2019 NE40E-X1X2 Product Description
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/ne40e-x1x2-product-description 56/85
7 Service Features
HUAWEI NE40E-X1 & NE40E-X2 Universal Service
Router
Product Description
7-24 Huawei Proprietary and Confidential
Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.
Issue 01 (2011-05-30)
− Same configuration interface for users
− Configuration of protocol-specific CAR parameters, making the user interface morefriendly
Smallest packet compensation
The NE40E can efficiently defend the network against the attacks of small packets withthe smallest packet compensation function. After receiving packets, the system checks
the lengths of packets before sending them to the CPU.
− If the packet length is smaller than the preset minimum packet length, the system
calculates the sending rate with the pre-set minimum length.
− If the packet length is greater than the pre-set minimum packet length, the systemcalculates the sending rate with the actual packet length.
Association between the application layer and lower layers
Local URPF
Management and service plane protection
Defense against TCP/IP packet attacksThe NE40E provides defense measures against attacks by sending the following types of
packets on TCP/IP networks:
− Malformed packets
Null IGMP packets, packets with invalid TCP flag bits, LAND attack packets, IP
packets whose payloads are null, and smurf attack packets.
− Fragmented packets
Packets with a huge number of fragments or packets that have a large offset value,
repetitive fragmented packets, tear Drop, syndrop, nesta, fawx, bonk, NewTear, Rose, ping of death, and Jolt attacks
−
TCP SYN− UDP flood
Attack source tracing
When the NE40E is attacked, it obtains and stores suspicious packets, and then displaysthe packets in a certain form through command lines or offline tools. This helps locate
the attack source easily.
When attacks occur, the system automatically removes the data encapsulated at upperlayers of the transmission layer and then caches the packets in memory. When there are a
certain number of packets in the cache, for example, 20000 packets on each LPU, theearliest cached packets are overridden when more packets are cached.
GTSMOn the current network, attackers forge valid packets to attack routers, which overloads the
routers and consumes limited resources such as the CPU on the MPU. For example, anattacker forges BGP protocol packets and continuously sends them to a router. After the LPU
of the router receives the packets, it finds that the packets are destined to itself and then sendsthe packets directly to the BGP processing module on the MPU without checking the validity
of the packets. As a result, the system is abnormally busy processing these forged valid packets and the CPU usage is high.
To guard against the preceding attacks, the NE40E provides the Generalized TTL Security
Mechanism (GTSM). The GTSM protects services above the IP layer by checking whetherthe TTL value in the IP header is within a specified range. In actual applications, the GTSM is
8/10/2019 NE40E-X1X2 Product Description
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/ne40e-x1x2-product-description 57/85
HUAWEI NE40E-X1 & NE40E-X2 Universal Service
Router
Product Description 7 Service Features
Issue 01 (2011-05-30) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential
Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.
7-25
mainly used to protect the TCP/IP-based control plane such as the routing protocol against
attacks of the CPU-utilization type such as CPU overload.
The NE40E supports BGP GTSM, OSPF GTSM, and LDP GTSM.
ARP Attack Defense
The NE40E supports the following ARP attack defense functions:
Interface-based ARP entry restriction
Timestamp suppression based on the destination IP address and source IP address of anARP packet
The destination address check for the ARP packet
The system checks whether the destination IP address of the ARP packet received on theinterface is correct. If the destination IP address is correct, the packet is sent to the CPU;
otherwise, the packet is discarded.
ARP bidirectional isolation
Filtration of invalid ARP packets
The NE40E filters out the following types of ARP packets:
− Invalid ARP packets
Invalid ARP packets include ARP request packets with the destination MAC
addresses being unicast addresses, ARP request packets with the source MACaddresses being non-unicast addresses, and ARP reply packets with the destination
MAC addresses being non-unicast addresses.
− Gratuitous ARP packets
− ARP request packets with valid MAC addresses
You can use commands to filter out one or more previously mentioned invalid packets.
Local Mirroring
In local mirroring, an LPU can be configured with a physical observing port, multiple logicalobserving ports, and multiple mirrored ports.
Local mirroring can be inter-LPU mirroring, which means that the observing port andmirrored port reside on different LPUs.
Remote Mirroring
The NE40E provides MPLS LSPs, MPLS TE tunnels for remote mirroring.In remote mirroring, an LPU can be configured with multiple observing ports and mirrored
ports.
In remote mirroring, mirroring packets can be intercepted.
SSHv2
The NE40E supports the STelnet client and server and the SFTP client and server. Both
support SSH 1.5 and SSH 2.0.
8/10/2019 NE40E-X1X2 Product Description
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/ne40e-x1x2-product-description 58/85
7 Service Features
HUAWEI NE40E-X1 & NE40E-X2 Universal Service
Router
Product Description
7-26 Huawei Proprietary and Confidential
Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.
Issue 01 (2011-05-30)
7.10 IP RAN Features
PNP
Plug-and-Play (PNP) enables new devices to be automatically identified by the NMS and becommissioned remotely by using the NMS.
On an IP RAN network deployed with a large number of devices, the device deployment costs,
especially the costs of on-site software commissioning, are high. This greatly harms thegrowth of profits. To address this issue, Huawei puts forward the PNP solution.
The PNP feature effectively reduces the on-site software commissioning time, frees engineers
from working in bad outdoor environments, and greatly speeds up the project process andimproves project quality.
Y.1731
Y.1731 supports the following functions:
Single-ended frame loss statistics collection, two-ended frame loss statistics collection,one-way frame delay, two-way frame delay and one-way jitter
VLL Alarm Indication Signal (AIS) and VPLS AIS
Multicast MAC ping
MPLS-TP OAM
MPLS-TP OAM supports the following functions:
Basic connectivity detection
LoopBack (LB)
Remote Defect Indication (RDI)
Single-ended frame loss statistics collection and two-ended frame loss statistics
collection
One-way frame delay and two-way frame delay
APS 1:1
7.11 Network Reliability
NSR
NE40Esupports the following techniques of Non-Stop Routing (NSR).
NSR OSPF
NSR LDP
NSR RSVP-TE
NSR PIM
NSR PPP
NSR ARP
NSR LACP
8/10/2019 NE40E-X1X2 Product Description
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/ne40e-x1x2-product-description 59/85
HUAWEI NE40E-X1 & NE40E-X2 Universal Service
Router
Product Description 7 Service Features
Issue 01 (2011-05-30) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential
Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.
7-27
NSR for L2VPN
NSR for L3VPN
ISIS/ISIS6 NSR
BGP/BGP4+ NSR
Multicast (PIM/MSDP) NSR
NSR for IPv6
APS
The NE40E supports the following Automatic Protection Switching (APS) functions:
1+1 unidirectional modeand 1:1 bidirectional mode
Manual switching of APS groups
Forcible switching of APS groups
Locking of traffic on the working link of an APS group
Interface-based APS
Intra-LPU or inter-LPU APS
Inter-device APS, that is, Enhanced APS (E-APS)
Addition of the working and protect interfaces of an APS group to a trunk so that allservices are configured on the trunk
FRR
The NE40E provides multiple fast reroute (FRR) features. You can deploy FRR as required to
improve network reliability.
IP FRR
FRR switching can be complete in 50 ms. In this manner, the data loss caused by
network failures is minimized to a great extend.
FRR supported by the NE40E enables the system to monitor and save the status of LPUs
and interfaces in real time and to check the status of interfaces during packet forwarding.When faults occur on an interface, the system can rapidly switch the traffic to another
pre-set route, thus reducing time between failures and the packet loss ratio.
LDP FRR
LDP FRR switching can be complete in 50 ms.
TE FRR
TE FRR is an MPLS TE technology used to protect local networks. Only the interfaceswith a transmission rate of over 100 Mbit/s support TE FRR. TE FRR switching can be
complete within 50 ms. It can minimize data loss when network failures occur.
TE FRR protects traffic only temporarily. When the protected LSP becomes normal or a
new LSP is established, traffic is switched back to the original protected LSP or thenewly established LSP.
When a link or a node on the LSP fails, traffic is switched to the protection link and the
ingress node of the LSP attempts to establish a new LSP, if an LSP is configured with TEFRR.
With different protected objects, TE FRR is classified into the following types:
− Link protection
− Node protection
8/10/2019 NE40E-X1X2 Product Description
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/ne40e-x1x2-product-description 60/85
7 Service Features
HUAWEI NE40E-X1 & NE40E-X2 Universal Service
Router
Product Description
7-28 Huawei Proprietary and Confidential
Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.
Issue 01 (2011-05-30)
Auto FRR
Auto FRR is an extension of MPLS TE FRR. It automatically creates a bypass tunnelthat meets the requirements for the LSP through the configuration of the attributes of the
bypass tunnel, global auto FRR attributes, and interface-based auto FRR attributes on the
interface of the primary tunnel. When the primary tunnel changes to another path, the previous bypass tunnel is automatically deleted. Then, a bypass tunnel that meets the
requirements is set up.
VLL FRR
VLL FRR switching can be complete in 50 ms.
VPN FRR
VPN FRR switching can be complete in 50 ms.
Backup of Key Parts
The NE40E can be equipped with one MPU or two MPUs. The MPUs support hot backup. If
the device is configured with two MPUs, the master MPU works and the slave MPU is in thestandby state. The management network interface on the slave MPU cannot be accessed by
users, and the console and AUX interfaces cannot be configured with any command. Theslave MPU exchanges information (including heartbeat messages and backup data) with only
the master MPU.
The system supports two types of master/slave switchover of MPUs: failover and switchover.The failover is triggered by serious faults in the master MPU or the reset of the master MPU.
The switchover is triggered by commands that are run on the console interface. You can alsoforbid the master/slave switchover of the MPUs by using commands on the console interface.
The system generates alarms, records the faults in the log file, and reports the alarms to the NMS. The cause of the master/slave switchover and the associated operations are recorded in
the system diagnosis information base for users to analyze.
The system provides two clock boards in master/slave backup mode. If the system detects thatthe master clock board becomes faulty or is reset through a command, the system
automatically performs the master/slave switchover of clock boards. The master/slaveswitchover of clock boards does not result in phase offsets or interrupt services.
The master/slave switchover time of each key part is less than 100 us.
High Reliability of LPUs
The NE40E supports backup of key service interfaces of the same type through protocols.
Supports VRRP on Ethernet interfaces. With extended VRRP, two interfaces located on a
same NE40E or two NE40Es can back up each other. This ensures high reliability of theinterfaces.
Supports backup of Eth-Trunk member interfaces, or backup of Eth-Trunk or IP-Trunk
member interfaces and non-member interfaces.
Supports the bundling of interfaces on different LPUs into a trunk.
You can access different LPUs through double links and bundle interfaces on different
LPUs into a trunk to ensure high reliability of services.
Inter-LPU bundling is implemented by high-performance hardware engines, thus
ensuring load balancing of packets among different links.
The Hash algorithm based on the combination of the source and destination IP addressesload-balances traffic evenly on links.
8/10/2019 NE40E-X1X2 Product Description
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/ne40e-x1x2-product-description 61/85
HUAWEI NE40E-X1 & NE40E-X2 Universal Service
Router
Product Description 7 Service Features
Issue 01 (2011-05-30) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential
Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.
7-29
Seamless switchover is implemented in the case of a link failure so that services are
forwarded without interruption.
Through extended protocols, the NE40E backs up key service interfaces. In this manner, core
routers can monitor and back up the running status of interfaces when they carry LAN, MAN,
or WAN services. Therefore, the routing table is not affected when the status of the backupinterface needs to be changed and services recover rapidly.
Transmission Alarm Suppression
Transmission alarm suppression can efficiently filter and suppress alarm signals. This
prevents interfaces from frequently flapping. In addition, transmission alarm customizationenables the control over the impact brought by alarms on the interface status.
Transmission alarm customization and suppression implement the following functions:
Customizes alarms. This can specify the alarms that can cause the change of the interfacestatus.
Suppresses alarms. This can filter out the burr and prevent the network from frequentlyflapping.
Ethernet OAM Fault Management
Ethernet OAM fault management includes the following functions:
Ethernet in the First Mile OAM (EFM OAM)
Conforming to IEEE 802.3ah, the NE40E supports point-to-point Ethernet faultmanagement to detect faults in the last mile of the direct link on the user side of the
Ethernet. Currently, the NE40E supports OAM discovery, link monitoring, remote faultnotification, and remote loopback, as defined in IEEE 802.3ah.
Connectivity Fault Management OAM (CFM OAM)
The following describes end-to-end Ethernet fault management in two aspects.
− Hierarchical MD
Each MD has a level that ranges from 0 to 7. The greater the value, the higher the
level. The 802.1ag packets from a low-level MD are discarded when entering ahigh-level MD. The 802.1ag packets from a high-level MD can be transmitted
through a low-level MD.
− End-to-end fault detection and location
The NE40E realizes end-to-end Ethernet fault management by conforming to IEEE
802.1ag or not.
The NE40E supports MAC ping and MAC trace by transmitting Loop Back (LB) and
Link Trace (LT) messages defined in IEEE 802.1ag to locate faults.
Fault detection and location not conforming to IEEE 802.1ag include general MAC
ping and general MAC trace.
VRRP
VRRP dynamically associates the virtual router with a physical router that carries services.When the physical router fails, another router is elected to take over services. Failover is
transparent to users and thus the internal network and the external network can communicatewithout interruption.
The NE40E supports the following VRRP functions:
8/10/2019 NE40E-X1X2 Product Description
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/ne40e-x1x2-product-description 62/85
7 Service Features
HUAWEI NE40E-X1 & NE40E-X2 Universal Service
Router
Product Description
7-30 Huawei Proprietary and Confidential
Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.
Issue 01 (2011-05-30)
mVRRP
VGMP
E-VRRP
VRRP For IPv6
GR
Graceful Restart (GR) is a key technology in implementing HA. It is designed based on NSF.
GR switchover and subsequent restart can be performed by the administrator or triggered byfaults. GR neither deletes the routing information from the routing table or the FIB nor resets
the board during the switchover when faults occur. This prevents the service interruption ofthe entire system.
The NE40E supports system-level GR and protocol-level GR. Protocol-based GR includes:
BGP GR
OSPF GR
IS-IS GR
MPLS LDP GR
Martini VLL GR
Martini VPLS GR
L3VPN GR
RSVP GR
PIM GR
BFD
BFD is a detection mechanism used uniformly in an entire network. It is used to rapidly detect
and monitor the connectivity of links or IP routes in a network.
BFD sends detection packets at both ends of a bidirectional link to check the link status in
both directions. The defect detection is implemented at the millisecond level. The NE40Esupports single-hop BFD and multi-hop BFD.
BFD of the NE40E supports the following applications.
BFD for VRRP
The system uses BFD to detect and monitor the connectivity of links or IP routes in anetwork. The rapid VRRP switchover is thus triggered.
BFD for FRR
− BFD for LDP FRR
− LDP FRR switchover is triggered after BFD detects faults on protected interfaces.
− BFD for IP FRR and BFD for VPN FRR
− IP FRR and VPN FRR are triggered after BFD detects faults and reports fault
information to the upper layer applications.
BFD for static routes
BFD for IS-IS
The NE40E supports detection on the IS-IS adjacency by using the BFD session that isconfigured statically.
8/10/2019 NE40E-X1X2 Product Description
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/ne40e-x1x2-product-description 63/85
HUAWEI NE40E-X1 & NE40E-X2 Universal Service
Router
Product Description 7 Service Features
Issue 01 (2011-05-30) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential
Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.
7-31
BFD detects the fault of the link between the adjacent IS-IS nodes and rapidly reports the
fault to IS-IS. Thus fast convergence of IS-IS routes is performed.
BFD for OSPF/BGP
The NE40E supports OSPF and BGP in dynamically setting up and deleting the BFD
session. BFD for PIM
BFD detection on IP-Trunks and Eth-Trunks
On the NE40E, BFD can detect a trunk and the member links of the trunk independently.That is, it can detect the connectivity of the trunk and that of an important member link
of the trunk.
BFD for LSP
BFD for LSP performs fast fault detection of the LSP, the TE tunnel, and the PW. In thismanner, BFD for LSP implements fast switchover of MPLS services such as VPN FRR,
TE FRR, and VLL FRR.
BFD for Dot1q sub-interface BFD for mVSI
Multi-hop BFD
BFD For IPv6
BFD for OSPFv3, BFD for ISISv6, BFD for BGP4+, and BFDv6 for default IPv6
BFD for VPLS PW
BFD for VPLS/VLL PW
VPLS over LDP FRR/FW unicast
7.12 ClockThe NE40E supports the following clock features:
Ethernet clock synchronization
The Ethernet interfaces of the NE40E provide Ethernet clock synchronization so that
the clock quality and stratum of the network can be guaranteed.
1588v2
The 1588v2 feature:
− Supports the input and output of the externally synchronized time.
−
Supports 10M/100M/1000M/10G Ethernet interfaces and auto sensing of10M/100M/1000M Ethernet interfaces.
− Supports Eth-Trunk.
− Supports OC, BC, E2ETC, P2PTC, E2ETCOC, P2PTCOC and TCandBC.
− Allows the NE40E to function as a GrandMaster.
− Supports slave-only when functioning as an OC.
− Supports the dynamic BMC algorithm.
− Supports two delay measurement methods: Delay and PDelay
− Supports one-step mode and two-step mode in which 1588v2 packets that are used by
1588v2 devices to perform time synchronization are timestamped..
8/10/2019 NE40E-X1X2 Product Description
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/ne40e-x1x2-product-description 64/85
7 Service Features
HUAWEI NE40E-X1 & NE40E-X2 Universal Service
Router
Product Description
7-32 Huawei Proprietary and Confidential
Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.
Issue 01 (2011-05-30)
− Supports multicast MAC encapsulation (the VLAN and 802.1p priority are
configurable).
− Supports multicast UDP encapsulation (the source IP address, VLAN, and DSCP
priority are configurable).
− Supports unicast MAC encapsulation (the destination MAC, VLAN, and 802.1p
priority are configurable).
− Supports unicast UDP encapsulation (the source IP address, destination IP address,destination MAC, VLAN, and DSCP priority are configurable).
− Uses the clock recovered through the Precision Time Protocol (PTP) as the clock
source and supports the algorithm for dynamic clock source selection (based on the priority and clock stratum).
− Implements clock recovery that complies with G.813.
− Implements frequency recovery that meets the requirements of the SDH equipment
clock (SEC) in G.823.
1588 ACR
− Supports frequency synchronization only.
− Supports the change of selected clock sources.
− Supports unicast UDP encapsulation (and the DSCP field).
− Complies with Recommendation G.8261 in terms of service modeling and
networking and performs clock recovery with accuracy that is prescribed by G.823.
− Supports 1588v2 header overlapping without affecting forwarding capabilities.
− Supports switchover between master and slave MPUs/SRUs without affecting
services.
− Supports hot swapping of LPUs and sub-cards.
Network Time Protocol (NTP) clockThe NE40E supports the following working modes of NTPv4:
− Server/client mode
− Peer mode
− Broadcast mode
− Multicast mode
The NE40E supports two NTP security mechanisms:
− Access authority
The NE40E provides four levels of access control. After receiving an NTP access
request packet, the NE40E matches it from the lowest access control level to the
highest access control level. The first successfully matched access control level takeseffect. The matching order is as follows:
peer: indicates the minimum access control. The remote end can send a time request
and a control query to the local end. The local clock can also be synchronized withthe clock of the remote server.
server: indicates that the remote end can send a time request and a control query to
the local end. The local clock, however, is not synchronized with the clock of theremote server.
synchronization: indicates that the remote end can only send a time request to thelocal end.
query: indicates the maximum access control. The remote end can only send a control
query to the local end.
8/10/2019 NE40E-X1X2 Product Description
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/ne40e-x1x2-product-description 65/85
HUAWEI NE40E-X1 & NE40E-X2 Universal Service
Router
Product Description 7 Service Features
Issue 01 (2011-05-30) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential
Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.
7-33
Authentication
When configuring NTP authentication, note the following rules:
The NTP authentication must be configured on both the client and the server; otherwise,the authentication does not take effect. If NTP authentication is enabled, keys must be
configured and declared reliable.The server and the client must be configured with the same key.
Internal clock
The NE40E provides an internal clock and can extract clock information from LPUs.The clock precision reaches 4.6 ppm, that is, 0.00002s.
8/10/2019 NE40E-X1X2 Product Description
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/ne40e-x1x2-product-description 66/85
8/10/2019 NE40E-X1X2 Product Description
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/ne40e-x1x2-product-description 67/85
HUAWEI NE40E-X1 & NE40E-X2 Universal Service
Router
Product Description 8 Applicable Environment
Issue 01 (2011-05-30) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential
Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.
8-1
8 Applicable Environment
About This Chapter8.1 Metro Ethernet Solution
8.1 Metro Ethernet SolutionA metro Ethernet consists of the core layer, edge layer, convergence layer, and access layer.
The core layer is responsible for the high-speed forwarding of service data. The edge layer
and the convergence layer serve as the access point of various services. The services accessthe network for forwarding through the BRAS, the centralized PE, or the convergence node,
based on the service type. The access layer is responsible for the user access, and the devices
at the access layer include a DSLAM, the converged switch, AG, and NodeB. Figure 8-1 shows the networking of the MAN.
Figure 8-1 MAN deployment
Access Ethernet Aggregation Edge Core Application
DSLAMCMTS
AccSwitch
Distributionnode
Distributionnode
Aggregafion
Node
BRAS
VoD ES
PE
P/PE
P/PE
P/PE
Internet
SoftX
VoD CS
I n t er n e tI n t er n e tI n t er n e tI n t er n e t
The convergence layer device accesses and forwards the services through the IP or MPLS
technologies. Personal services are accessed to the convergence node through the DSLAM,
and corporate services are converged at Layer 2 through a switch or are directly accessed to
the convergence node.
8/10/2019 NE40E-X1X2 Product Description
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/ne40e-x1x2-product-description 68/85
8 Applicable Environment
HUAWEI NE40E-X1 & NE40E-X2 Universal Service
Router
Product Description
8-2 Huawei Proprietary and Confidential
Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.
Issue 01 (2011-05-30)
DSLAM: is short for the Digital Subscriber Line Access Multiplexer that accesses the
personal services through the permanent virtual circuit (PVC). The DLSAM adds theVLAN or QinQ tag based on the types of users and services, and is generally connected
to the aggregation node.
Switch: refers to the access switch that converges the Layer 2 corporate services to theaggregation node.
Aggregation node: refers to the aggregation node connected to the distributed servicenode (PE). The aggregation node distinguishes the VLAN or QinQ user services,
forwards Layer 3 services or VPN services, or transparently transmits services to theBRAS or the centralized PE through the IP or MPLS technologies.
Distribution node: refers to the distribution node that converges the services in the metro
Ethernet. The distribution node terminates the IP or MPLS technologies andtransparently transmits the services to the BRAS or the centralized PE.
BRAS: refers to a device that processes PPPoE login services of individual users.
PE: refers to the centralized service node, which can also serve as the distribution node.
PE accesses the services that should be converged and processed, such as centralizedL3VPN services.
P/PE: refers to the core forwarding node or the edge node on the backbone network. P or
PE rapidly forwards the services or accesses the services to the backbone network.
The NE40E is applicable to the aggregation node and the distribution node to guarantee the
access of individual services and corporate services.
Individual Service Solution
The NE40E supports the following individual services:
HSI service: The DSLAM adds QinQ tags to distinguish user services. The outer VLAN
tag indicates the service type. The NE40E at the aggregation node transparently transmitsthe services to the NE40E at the distribution node through VLL or VPLS. Thedistribution node terminates the transmission and then transparently transmits the QinQ
data to the BRAS.
VoD/VoIP: The NE40E at the aggregation node terminates the VLAN or QinQ tag added
by the DSLAM, and forwards the services to Layer 3 network or accesses the services to
L3VPN for forwarding.
BTV: The NE40E at the aggregation node serves as the designated router (DR) of the
Protocol Independent Multicast (PIM). The aggregation node receives the multicast datadistributed through the PIM protocol, and then sends the data to the DSLAM through
multicast VLAN. The user joins or withdraws a group through IGMP, and sends t he hotchannels to DR.
Enterprise Service Solution
The NE40E supports the following enterprise services:
Corporate dedicated line: The corporate dedicated line is connected to the Layer 3
network through the NE40E at the aggregation node.
E-LINE: The PW, an end-to-end L2VPN tunnel, is set up between the NE40E at the
aggregation node and the peer end. The E-LINE services are transmitted to the peer endthrough different tunnels based on the VLAN or QinQ tag identified at the aggregation
node.
8/10/2019 NE40E-X1X2 Product Description
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/ne40e-x1x2-product-description 69/85
8/10/2019 NE40E-X1X2 Product Description
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/ne40e-x1x2-product-description 70/85
8/10/2019 NE40E-X1X2 Product Description
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/ne40e-x1x2-product-description 71/85
HUAWEI NE40E-X1 & NE40E-X2 Universal Service
Router
Product Description 9 Operation and Maintenance
Issue 01 (2011-05-30) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential
Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.
9-1
9 Operation and Maintenance
About This Chapter9.1 System Configuration Modes
9.2 System Management and Maintenance
9.3 Device Running Status Monitoring
9.4 HGMP
9.5 System Service and Status Tracking
9.6 System Test and Diagnosis
9.7 NQA
9.8 In-Service Debugging
9.9 Upgrade Features
9.10 License
9.11 Other Operation and Maintenance Features
9.1 System Configuration Modes
The NE40E supports two configuration modes: command line configuration and NMS
configuration.
You can configure the NE40E by using command lines through the following:
Console interface
Auxiliary (AUX) port
Telnet
As a command input interface, the console interface can send command lines to the control
plane.
As a debugging interface, the console interface can receive debugging information from the
control plane and data plane, and deliver debugging commands and control commands.
The NMS configuration supports the configuration through the SNMP-based NMS.
8/10/2019 NE40E-X1X2 Product Description
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/ne40e-x1x2-product-description 72/85
9 Operation and Maintenance
HUAWEI NE40E-X1 & NE40E-X2 Universal Service
Router
Product Description
9-2 Huawei Proprietary and Confidential
Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.
Issue 01 (2011-05-30)
9.2 System Management and Maintenance
The NE40E provides powerful system management and maintenance functions:
Board detection, hot swap detection, Watchdog, board resetting, RUN indicator anddebugging indicator control, fan and power supply control, master/slave switchover
control, and version query
Local and remote loading and upgrade of software and data, and functions such as
version rollback, backup, saving, and clearing of version information
Hierarchical user authority management, operation log management, command line
online help, and comments after the commands
Supports inband and outband NMS interfaces.
Three user authentication modes: local authentication, RADIUS authentication, and
HWTACACS authentication, which authenticate and authorize users through commandlines and SNMP.
Plug and Play Multi-user operation
Query on Layer 2 or Layer 3 interfaces
Hierarchical management, alarm classification, and alarm filtering
Support of the shutdown and undo shutdown commands on interfaces and opticalmodules
9.3 Device Running Status Monitoring
The running status of the NE40E can be monitored through the information center.Syslog is a sub-function of the information center. Syslog is over UDP. It outputs log
information to the log host through port 514.
The information center receives and processes the following types of information:
Log information
Debugging information
Trap information
Information is classified into eight severity levels. The lower the level, the higher the severity.
The following table shows the detailed information.
Level
Severity
Description
0 Emer
gency
A fatal exception occurs on the device. The system is unable to function
properly and must be restarted. For example, the device is restarted due to
program exceptions or memory usage errors are detected.
1 Alert A serious exception occurs on the device, which requires immediate
actions. For example, the memory usage of the device reaches the upper
threshold.
8/10/2019 NE40E-X1X2 Product Description
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/ne40e-x1x2-product-description 73/85
HUAWEI NE40E-X1 & NE40E-X2 Universal Service
Router
Product Description 9 Operation and Maintenance
Issue 01 (2011-05-30) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential
Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.
9-3
Level
Severity
Description
2 Critic
al
A critical exception occurs on the device, which needs to be handled and
analyzed. For example, the memory usage exceeds the alarm threshold; thetemperature exceeds the alarm threshold; and Bidirectional Forwarding
Detection (BFD) detects that a device is unreachable or detects errormessages generated by the local device.
3 Error Improper operation is performed or abnormal process occurs on the device,
which does not affect subsequent services but requires attention and causeanalysis. For example, users enter incorrect commands or passwords; error
protocol packets are received by other devices.
4 Warn
ing
An abnormality that may cause the device to malfunction occurs on the
device, which requires attention. For example, a routing process is disabled
by the user; BFD detects packet loss; and error protocol packets are
detected.5 Notic
e
A key operation is performed to keep the device running normally. For
example, the user runs the shutdown command on the interface, a neighboris discovered, and the protocol state machine changes status.
6 Infor matio
nal
A routine operation is performed. For example, the user runs a display command.
7 Debugging
A routine operation is performed, which requires no action.
The information center supports 10 channels, of which channels 0 through 5 each have a
default channel name. By default, the six channels correspond to six directions in whichinformation is output. The log information on the CF card is output to log files through
Channel 9 by default. This means that a total of seven default output directions are supported.
When multiple log hosts are configured, you can configure log information to be output to
different log hosts through one channel or multiple channels. For example, you can configure
some log information to be output to a log host through Channel 2 (loghost), and some loginformation to a log host through Channel 6. In addition, you can change the name of Channel
6 to implement the desired channel management.
The NE40E stores all alarms in a log file, and provides the CF card to store the log file. How
long the alarms can be stored depends on the number of the alarms. Generally, the alarms can be stored for months.
9.4 HGMP
The NE40E supports the Huawei Group Management Protocol (HGMP). HGMP is a clustermanagement protocol developed by Huawei.
HGMP is used to group Layer 2 devices that are connected to the NE40E into a unified
management domain, that is, a cluster. HGMP supports automatic collection of networktopologies and provides integrated maintenance and management channels. In this manner, a
8/10/2019 NE40E-X1X2 Product Description
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/ne40e-x1x2-product-description 74/85
9 Operation and Maintenance
HUAWEI NE40E-X1 & NE40E-X2 Universal Service
Router
Product Description
9-4 Huawei Proprietary and Confidential
Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.
Issue 01 (2011-05-30)
cluster uses only one IP address for external communications, simplifying device management
and saving IP addresses.
9.5 System Service and Status TrackingThe NE40E provides the following functions for tracking system services and status:
Monitors the change of the state machine of routing protocols.
Monitors the change of the state machine of MPLS LDP.
Monitors the change of the state machine of a VPN.
Monitors the types of protocol packets sent by the forwarding engine to the control planeand displays detailed information about packets by enabling debugging.
Detects and collects the statistics on malformed packets.
Supports HGMP.
Displays a notification when the processing of abnormality starts.
Collects the statistics on the resources used by each feature.
9.6 System Test and DiagnosisThe NE40E supports the debugging of running services, including online recording of key
events, packet processing, packet parsing, and status switching of services at specified time,which serves as powerful support for device commissioning and networking. Debugging can
be enabled or disabled through the console interface for specific service (information about a
routing protocol) or specific interface (information about a routing protocol on a specificinterface).
The NE40E provides the system-based trace function to detect and diagnose running software,online recording of important events such as task switchover and interruption, queue reading
and writing, and system abnormality. If the system is restarted after a fault occurs, the NE40Ecan read trace information that functions as a reference for fault location. Trace can be
enabled and disabled through commands on the console interface.
In addition, the NE40E supports real-time query about CPU usage of the MPU and LPU.
Debugging and trace information provided by the NE40E is classified into different levels.Sensitive information with different levels can be output to different destinations as
configured. For example, information can be output to the console interface, Syslog server, or
SNMP agent to trigger traps.
9.7 NQA
The NE40E supports Network Quality Analysis (NQA).NQA measures the performance ofdifferent protocols running on the network. In that case, carriers can collect the operation
index of networks in real time, such as:
Total delay of the HTTP
Delay in TCP connection
Delay in DNS resolution
8/10/2019 NE40E-X1X2 Product Description
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/ne40e-x1x2-product-description 75/85
HUAWEI NE40E-X1 & NE40E-X2 Universal Service
Router
Product Description 9 Operation and Maintenance
Issue 01 (2011-05-30) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential
Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.
9-5
File transmission speed
Delay in FTP connection
DNS resolution error ratio Taking control of these indexes, carriers can provide networkservices of different levels and charge differently. NQA is also an effective tool for
diagnosing and locating a network fault.
NQA supports the following functions:
PWE3 tracert
Multicast ping
Multicast tracert
CE-ping (ping the host from a VPLS PW)
VPLS MAC ping and VPLS MAC trace
VPLS MAC purge and VPLS MAC populate
LSP ping, LSP tracerout, and MPLS jitter
Verification of DNS functions through DISMAN-NSLOOKUP-MIB
NMS management over all NQA functions through NQA-MIB
Transmission of consecutive 3000 simulated voice packets in one test
Minimum transmission intervals at 10 ms
9.8 In-Service Debugging
The NE40E provides port mirroring to map specific traffic to a certain monitoring interface.
In this case, in-service debugging can be performed for the advanced maintenance engineers
to debug and analyze the operation status of the network.
9.9 Upgrade Features
In-Service Upgrade
The NE40E supports in-service upgrade of software. At the same time, the NE40E providesonline patching for the system software. You can upgrade only the features that need to be
improved.
One-Command System Upgrade
The upgrade process of the NE40E is optimized. You can use one command to complete theupgrading. Thus, you can save time. During the upgrading process, the progress is displayed.
After the upgrading is complete, you can view the results.
Software Version Rollback
During the upgrading process, if the system fails to start by using the new system software,the system software in the last successful startup is adopted.
The rollback function provided by the NE40E prevents the services from being affected by
the failure in system upgrade.
8/10/2019 NE40E-X1X2 Product Description
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/ne40e-x1x2-product-description 76/85
9 Operation and Maintenance
HUAWEI NE40E-X1 & NE40E-X2 Universal Service
Router
Product Description
9-6 Huawei Proprietary and Confidential
Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.
Issue 01 (2011-05-30)
9.10 License
With the variation of the NE40E software functions and higher ratio of software costoccupying the overall cost, the current service mode cannot satisfy the development
requirements of customers and carriers. Common users need to reduce the purchase cost.
Upgrade and expansion users need to effectively control the capacity and functions.
To satisfy the requirements of different users, the NE40E needs to implement the flexible
authorization to service modules.
For the authorization control of service modules, the NE40E provides the License
authorization management platform through the Global Trotter License (GTL). Through theLicense authorization mode:
Common users can purchase service modules as required and reduce the purchase cost.
Upgrade and expansion users can expand the capacity, and support and maintain thefunctions by applying for a new License.
9.11 Other Operation and Maintenance Features
The NE40E supports the following configuration features in addition to the precedingfeatures:
Provides hierarchical commands to prevent unauthorized users from logging in to a
device.
Users can type in a question mark "?" to obtain online help.
Provides detailed debugging information to diagnose network faults.
Provides DosKey-like functions to run a history command.
Provides command line descriptors for partial match of keywords not conflicting with
keywords of other command lines. For example, you can enter "disp" for the display command.
8/10/2019 NE40E-X1X2 Product Description
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/ne40e-x1x2-product-description 77/85
HUAWEI NE40E-X1 & NE40E-X2 Universal Service
Router
Product Description 10 NMS
Issue 01 (2011-05-30) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential
Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.
10-1
10 NMS
SNMP
The NE40E supports device operation and management by the network management station
through SNMP.
The NE40E supports SNMPv1, SNMPv2c, and SNMPv3.
SNMPv1
SNMPv1 supports community name-based and MIB view-based access control.
SNMPv2c
SNMPv2c supports community name-based and MIB view-based access control.
SNMPv3
SNMPv3 inherits the basic functions of SNMPv2c, defines a management frame, and
introduces a User-based Security Model (USM) to provide a more secure access controlmechanism for users.
SNMPv3 supports user groups, user group-based access control, user-based access
control, and authentication and encryption mechanisms.
NMS
The NE40E adopts Huawei iManager U2000 network management system. It supportsSNMPv1/v2c/v3 and the client/server architecture. The network management system can run
independently on many operation systems, such as Windows NT/2000/XP, UNIX (Sun, HP,
and IBM). The NE40E also provides a multi-lingual graphical user interface.
LLDP
The Link Layer Discovery Protocol (LLDP) is a Layer 2 protocol defined in IEEE 802.1ab.
LLDP specifies that the status information is stored on all interfaces and the device can send
its status to the neighbor stations. The interfaces can also send information about changes inthe status to the neighbor stations as required. The neighbor stations then store the received
information in the standard SNMP MIB. The NMS can search for Layer 2 information in theMIB. As specified in the IEEE 802.1ab standard, the NMS can also discover unreasonable
Layer 2 configurations based on information provided by LLDP.
When LLDP runs on the devices, the NMS can obtain Layer 2 information about all the
devices to which it connects and detailed network topology information. This is helpful to the
rapid expansion of the network and acquirement of detailed network topologies and changes.
8/10/2019 NE40E-X1X2 Product Description
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/ne40e-x1x2-product-description 78/85
10 NMS
HUAWEI NE40E-X1 & NE40E-X2 Universal Service
Router
Product Description
10-2 Huawei Proprietary and Confidential
Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.
Issue 01 (2011-05-30)
LLDP also helps discover unreasonable configurations on networks and reports the
configurations to the NMS. This removes incorrect configurations in time.
8/10/2019 NE40E-X1X2 Product Description
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/ne40e-x1x2-product-description 79/85
HUAWEI NE40E-X1 & NE40E-X2 Universal Service
Router
Product Description 11 Acronyms and Abbreviations
Issue 01 (2011-05-30) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential
Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.
11-1
11 Acronyms and Abbreviations
A
AAA Authentication, Authorization and Accounting
AAL5 ATM Adaptation Layer 5
AC Access Controller
ACL Access Control List
AF Assured Forwarding
ANSI American National Standard Institute
AP Access Point
ARP Address Resolution Protocol
ASBR Autonomous System Boundary Router
ASIC Application Specific Integrated Circuit
ATM Asynchronous Transfer Mode
AUX Auxiliary (port)
B
BE Best-Effort
BGP Border Gateway Protocol
BGP4 BGP Version 4
C
CAR Committed Access Rate
CBR Constant Bit Rate
CE Customer Edge
CHAP Challenge Handshake Authentication Protocol
8/10/2019 NE40E-X1X2 Product Description
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/ne40e-x1x2-product-description 80/85
11 Acronyms and Abbreviations
HUAWEI NE40E-X1 & NE40E-X2 Universal Service
Router
Product Description
11-2 Huawei Proprietary and Confidential
Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.
Issue 01 (2011-05-30)
CoS Class of Service
CPU Center Processing Unit
CR-LDP Constrained Route - Label Distribution Protocol
D
DAA Destination Address Accounting
DC Direct Current
DHCP Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol
DNS Domain Name Server
DS Differentiated Services
E
EACL Enhanced Access Control List
EF Expedited Forwarding
EMC EElectroMagnetic Compatibility
F
FCC Fast Channel Change
FE Fast Ethernet
FEC Forwarding Equivalence Class
FIB Forward Information Base
FIFO First In First Out
FR Frame Relay
FTP File Transfer Protocol
G
GE Gigabit Ethernet
GRE Generic Routing Encapsulation
GTS Generic Traffic Shaping
H
HA High availablity
HDLC High level Data Link Control
8/10/2019 NE40E-X1X2 Product Description
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/ne40e-x1x2-product-description 81/85
HUAWEI NE40E-X1 & NE40E-X2 Universal Service
Router
Product Description 11 Acronyms and Abbreviations
Issue 01 (2011-05-30) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential
Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.
11-3
HTTP Hyper Text Transport Protocol
I
iVSE Integrated Value-added Service Engine
ICMP Internet Control Message Protocol
IDC Internet Data Center
IEEE Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
IETF Internet Engineering Task Force
IGMP Internet Group Management Protocol
IGP Interior Gateway Protocol
IP Internet Protocol
IPoA IP Over ATM
IPTN IP Telephony Network
IPTV Internet Protocol Television
IPv4 IP version 4
IPv6 IP version 6
IPX Internet Packet Exchange
IS-IS Intermedia System-Intermedia System;
ISP Interim inter-switch Signaling Protocol
ITU International Telecommunication Union - TelecommunicationStandardization Sector
L
LAN Local Area Network
LCD Liquid Crystal Display
LCP Link Control ProtocolLDP Label Distribution Protocol
LER Label switching Edge Router
LPU Line Processing Unit
LSP Label Switched Path
LSR Label Switch Router
M
8/10/2019 NE40E-X1X2 Product Description
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/ne40e-x1x2-product-description 82/85
8/10/2019 NE40E-X1X2 Product Description
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/ne40e-x1x2-product-description 83/85
HUAWEI NE40E-X1 & NE40E-X2 Universal Service
Router
Product Description 11 Acronyms and Abbreviations
Issue 01 (2011-05-30) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential
Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.
11-5
PVC Permanent Virtual Channel
Q
QoE Quality of Experience
QoS Quality of Service
R
RADIUS Remote Authentication Dial in User Service
RAM Random-Access Memory
RED Random Early Detection
RFC Requirement for Comments
RH Relative Humidity
RIP Routing Information Protocol
RMON Remote Monitoring
ROM Read Only Memory
RP Rendezvous Point
RPR Resilient Packet Ring
RSVP Resource Reservation Protocol
RSVP-TE RSVP-Traffic Engineering
S
SAP Service Advertising Protocol
SCSR Self-Contained Standing Routing
SDH Synchronous Digital Hierarchy
SDRAM Synchronous Dynamic Random Access Memory
SFU Switch Fabric Unit
SLA Service Level Agreement
SNAP SubNet Attachment Point
SNMP Simple Network Management Protocol
SONET Synchronous Optical Network
SP Strict Priority
SPI4 SDH Physical Interface
SSH Secure Shell
8/10/2019 NE40E-X1X2 Product Description
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/ne40e-x1x2-product-description 84/85
11 Acronyms and Abbreviations
HUAWEI NE40E-X1 & NE40E-X2 Universal Service
Router
Product Description
11-6 Huawei Proprietary and Confidential
Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.
Issue 01 (2011-05-30)
STM-16 SDH Transport Module -16
SVC Switching Virtual Connection
T
TCP Transfer Control Protocol
TE Traffic Engineering
TFTP Trivial File Transfer Protocol
TM Traffic Manager
ToS Type of Service
TP Topology and Protection packet
U
UBR Unspecified Bit Rate
UDP User Datagram Protocol
UNI User Network Interface
UTP Unshielded Twisted Pair
V
VBR-NRT Non-Real Time Variable Bit Rate
VBR-RT Real Time Variable Bit Rate
VC Virtual Circuit
VCI Virtual Channel Identifier
VDC Variable Dispersion Compensator
VLAN Virtual Local Area Network
VLL Virtual Leased Line
VPI Virtual Path Identifier
VPLS Virtual Private LAN Service
VPN Virtual Private Network
VRP Versatile Routing Platform
VRRP Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol
W
WAN Wide Area Network
8/10/2019 NE40E-X1X2 Product Description
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/ne40e-x1x2-product-description 85/85
HUAWEI NE40E-X1 & NE40E-X2 Universal Service
Router
Product Description 11 Acronyms and Abbreviations
WFQ Weighted Fair Queuing
WRED Weighted Random Early Detection
WRR Weighted Round Robin