Ncrb Suicides Data 2009

8/8/2019 Ncrb Suicides Data 2009

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CHAPTER 2

SUICIDES IN INDIA

Incidence and Rate of Suicides during theDecade (1999-2009)

More than one lakh persons (1,27,151) in thecountry lost their lives by committing suicideduring the year 2009. This indicates anincrease of 1.7% over the previous year's figure(1,25,017). [Table2.1]

The number of suicides in the country duringthe decade (19992009) has recorded an

increase of 15.0% (from 1,10,587 in 1999 to

1,27,151 in 2009).The increase in incidence ofsuicides was reported each year during thedecade except in 2000 and 2001. Thepopulation has increased by 18.5% during thedecade but the rate of suicides in 2009 was10.9 which marginally lower than 11.2 recordedin 1999. The rate of suicides has shown adeclining trend since 1999 to 2003. A mixedtrend was observed during 2003 to 2009.[Table2.1 and 2(A)]

Table 2 (A)

Incidence of Suicides, Growth of Population and Rate of Suicides During 2005 to 2009

Sl.No. Year Total number ofSuicides

Estimated Mid-YearPopulation*(in Lakhs)**

Rate of Suicides(Col.3/Col.4)

(1) (2) (3) (4) (5)1 2005 113914 11028 10.32 2006 118112 11197.75 10.53 2007 122637 11365.5 10.84 2008 125017 11531.3 10.85 2009 127151 11694.4 10.9

* Source: The Registrar General of India

** One Lakh = 0.1 Million


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125017

127151

122637

113914

118112

105000

110000

115000

120000

125000

130000

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

Year

To

talNo.o

fSu

icides

11694.4

11531.3

11365.5

11197.75

11028

10600

10800

11000

11200

11400

11600

11800

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

Year

EstimatedMid-yearPopulation(inLakhs)

10.5

10.8

10.3

10.8

10.9

10

10.1

10.2

10.3

10.4

10.5

10.6

10.7

10.8

10.9

11

2005 2006 2007 2008 2008

Year

RateofSuicides

Figure 2.1

Growth in Incidence of Suicides, Population and Rate of Suicides During 2005 to 2009


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Incidence and Percentage Share of Suicidesin States/UTs

The State/UT and City wise information on thenumber of suicides reported, its percentageshare in total suicides and rate of suicidesduring the year are presented in Table2.2.

West Bengal has reported the highest numberof suicides (14,648) accounting for 11.5% oftotal suicides followed by Andhra Pradesh(14,500), Tamil Nadu (14,424), Maharashtra(14,300) and Karnataka (12,195) accountingfor 11.4%, 11.3%, 11.2% and 9.6%respectively of the total suicides in thecountry. These 5 States together accountedfor 55.1% of the total suicides reported in thecountry. The remaining 46.9% suicides werereported in the rest of 23 States and 7 UTs.Uttar Pradesh, the most populous state

(16.7% share of population) has reportedcomparatively lower percentage of suicidaldeaths, accounting for only 3.3% of the totalsuicides reported in the country.

The States which have witnessed significantlyhigher cases of suicidal deaths during theyear 2007 to 2009 are presented in theTable2(B). These States have accounted forabout 10% or more of the total suicidesreported in the country during 2007 to 2009.All the five States viz. West Bengal, AndhraPradesh, Tamil Nadu, Maharashtra andKarnataka have registered consistently highernumber of suicidal deaths during the last fewyears.

Figure 2.2

Percentage Share of Suicides in States/UTs during 2009

MAHARASHTRA

11.2%

Other States / UTs17.8%

TAMIL NADU

11.3%

KARNATAKA

9.6%

KERALA

6.9%

MADHYA PRADESH

7.2%

RAJASTHAN

4.0%

GUJARAT

4.8%

CHHATTISGARH

4.6%

WEST BENGAL

11.5%

ANDHRA PRADESH

11.4%


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Table 2 (B)States with higher percentage share of Suicides during 2007 to 2009

YearSl.No. 2007 2008 20091 Maharashtra (12.4) West Bengal (11.9) West Bengal (11.5)2 Andhra Pradesh (12.1) Andhra Pradesh (11.5) Andhra Pradesh (11.4)3 West Bengal (12.1) Maharashtra (11.5) Tamil Nadu (11.3)4 Tamil Nadu (11.3) Tamil Nadu (11.5) Maharashtra (11.2)5 Karnataka (10.0) Karnataka (9.8) Karnataka (9.6)

West Bengal has reported the third highestnumber of suicidal deaths in 2007, highestnumber of suicides in 2008 and the highestnumber of such deaths in 2009 accounting for12.4%, 11.9% and 11.5% of total such deathsin the country in 2007, 2008 and 2009respectively.

Delhi has reported the highest number ofsuicides (1,477) among UTs, followed byPuducherry (518). Seven UTs togetheraccounted for 1.8% of total suicides in thecountry. 35 mega cities on the contrary,

accounted for 10.6% of the total suicides inthe country.

1 suicide was reported from Lakshadweep in2009 against none in 2008, The States andUTs which have reported significant increasein Suicides in 2009 over 2008 wereUttarakhand (from 191 in 2008 to 342 in 2009 an increase of 79.1%), followed by Mizoram(an increase of 68.3%), Meghalaya (31.8%),Jharkhand (22.1%), Daman & Diu (21.1%),Madhya Pradesh (19.5%) and Chhattisgarh(19.0%) as compared to national average of1.7%. (Table2.3)

Figure 2.3

State/UT wise Percentage Variation in Suicides

during 2009 over 2008

1.0

0.0

-0.8

3.5

19.0

-3.1

-0.1

-5.8

-11.1

3.5

22.1

-0.2

2.2

19.5

-0.5

-20.6

31.8

-26.2

-11.0

-2.5

-2.0

-16.0

0.0

-1.9

1.7

79.1

-1.4

-8.4

-9.6 -6

.7

21.1

13.4

0.0 2

.2

68.3

-60.0

-40.0

-20.0

0.0

20.0

40.0

60.0

80.0

100.0

A

NDHRAPRADESH

ARUN

ACHALPRADESH

ASSAM

BIHAR

CHHATTISGARH

GOA

GUJARAT

HARYANA

HIM

ACHALPRADESH

J

AMMU&KASHMIR

JHARKHAND

KARNATAKA

KERALA

M

ADHYAPRADESH

MAHARASHTRA

MANIPUR

MEGHALAYA

MIZORAM

NAGALAND

ORISSA

PUNJAB

RAJASTHAN

SIKKIM

TAMILNADU

TRIPURA

UTTARPRADESH

UTTARAKHAND

WESTBENGAL

A&NISLANDS

CHANDIGARH

D&NHAVELI

DAMAN&DIU

DELHI(UT)

LAKSHADWEEP

PUDUCHERRY

States / UTs

Percentage

Variation


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Mass/Family Suicides

An attempt has been made this year also tocollect information on the number of caseswhere family members have committed suicidejointly. 14 States and 3 UTs did not furnish thisinformation. The available information is

presented in Table2(C). 209 deaths at thenational level under Mass/Family suicidesconsisting of 95 males and 114 females werereported as per the information available. 15cities also did not furnish information. Theavailable statistics reveal that there were 44mass suicidal deaths consisting of 25 malesand 19 females in mega cities.

The highest number of cases were reported

from Madhya Pradesh (39) followed by AndhraPradesh (26), Kerala (13) and Gujarat (10) outof 99 cases.

Rate of Suicides Trends in States/UTsRate of suicides, i.e., the number of suicidesper one lakh population, has been widely

accepted as a standard yardstick. The All Indiarate of suicides was 10.9 during the year whichis marginally higher than 10.8 reported in theyear 2008. Puducherry reported the highestrate of suicide (47.2) followed by Sikkim (39.9),A & N Islands (31.0), Kerala (25.3) andChhattisgarh (24.4). The details of States/UTswhich have recorded higher rate of suicidesduring 2007 to 2009 are given in Table2(D).

Figure 2.4

Rate of Suicides in States / UTs during 2009

1.0

1.1

1.4

1.4

2.1

2.5

3.1

3.5

3.6

4.3

6.8

6.9

7.7

8.3

8.4

9.0

9.7

10.3

10.7

10.8

11.9

12.9

13.2

16.4

16.4

17.4 20.4

20.7

21.0

21.5

24.4

25.3

31.0

39.9

47.2

0.0 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 50.0 60.0

MANIPUR

BIHAR

LAKSHADWEEP

NAGALAND

UTTAR PRADESH

JAMMU & KASHMIR

PUNJAB

UTTARAKHAND

JHARKHAND

MEGHALAYA

CHANDIGARH

MIZORAM

RAJASTHAN

DELHI (UT)

HIMACHAL PRADESH

ARUNACHAL PRADESH

ASSAM

HARYANA

GUJARAT

ORISSA

DAMAN & DIU

MADHYA PRADESH

MAHARASHTRA

GOA

WEST BENGAL

ANDHRA PRADESHD & N HAVELI

TRIPURA

KARNATAKA

TAMIL NADU

CHHATTISGARH

KERALA

A & N ISLANDS

SIKKIM

PUDUCHERRY

States

/UTs

Rate

National Average10.9


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Table 2 (C)State/UT/City wise Distribution of Family Suicides during 2009

Adults Minor*Sl. No. State/UT

No. OfCases Male Female Male Female

TotalVictims

(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8)

STATES:

1 ANDHRA PRADESH 26 26 25 5 12 68

2 ARUNACHAL PRADESH NA NA NA NA NA NA

3 ASSAM 0 0 0 0 0 0

4 BIHAR NA NA NA NA NA NA

5 CHHATTISGARH 0 0 0 0 0 0

6 GOA 0 0 0 0 0 0

7 GUJARAT 10 9 11 4 5 29

8 HARYANA 2 3 2 0 0 5

9 HIMACHAL PRADESH NA NA NA NA NA NA

10 JAMMU & KASHMIR NA NA NA NA NA NA

11 JHARKHAND NA NA NA NA NA NA

12 KARNATAKA NA NA NA NA NA NA

13 KERALA 13 14 15 3 6 38

14 MADHYA PRADESH 39 6 14 10 9 39

15 MAHARASHTRA 2 2 2 1 1 6

16 MANIPUR 0 0 0 0 0 0

17 MEGHALAYA NA NA NA NA NA NA

18 MIZORAM NA NA NA NA NA NA

19 NAGALAND NA NA NA NA NA NA

20 ORISSA 0 0 0 0 0 0

21 PUNJAB 1 0 1 2 0 3

22 RAJASTHAN NA NA NA NA NA NA

23 SIKKIM NA NA NA NA NA NA

24 TAMIL NADU 6 8 7 2 4 21

25 TRIPURA NA NA NA NA NA NA

26 UTTAR PRADESH NA NA NA NA NA NA

27 UTTARAKHAND 0 0 0 0 0 0

28 WEST BENGAL NA NA NA NA NA NA

TOTAL (STATES) 99 68 77 27 37 209

UNION TERRITORIES: NA NA NA NA NA NA

29 A & N ISLANDS 0 0 0 0 0 0

30 CHANDIGARH NA NA NA NA NA NA

31 D & N HAVELI 0 0 0 0 0 0

32 DAMAN & DIU NA NA NA NA NA NA

33 DELHI (UT) NA NA NA NA NA NA

34 LAKSHADWEEP 0 0 0 0 0 0

35 PUDUCHERRY 0 0 0 0 0 0

TOTAL(UTs) 0 0 0 0 0 0

TOTAL (ALL INDIA) 99 68 77 27 37 209


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Table 2 (C) (Concluded)State/UT/City wise Distribution of Family Suicides during 2009

Adults Minor*Sl. No. City

No. OfCases Male Female Male Female

Total

(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8)

CITIES:

36 AGRA 3 6 3 1 2 12

37 AHMEDABAD 0 0 0 0 0 0

38 ALLAHABAD NA NA NA NA NA NA

39 AMRITSAR 1 0 1 2 0 3

40 ASANSOL NA NA NA NA NA NA

41 BENGALURU NA NA NA NA NA NA

42 BHOPAL NA NA NA NA NA NA

43 CHENNAI 0 0 0 0 0 0

44 COIMBATORE 3 3 3 1 1 8

45 DELHI (CITY) NA NA NA NA NA NA

46 DHANBAD NA NA NA NA NA NA

47 FARIDABAD 1 1 0 1 0 2

48 HYDERABAD NA NA NA NA NA NA

49 INDORE NA NA NA NA NA NA

50 JABALPUR 0 0 0 0 0 0

51 JAIPUR NA NA NA NA NA NA

52 JAMSHEDPUR NA NA NA NA NA NA

53 KANPUR 0 0 0 0 0 0

54 KOCHI 1 1 1 1 1 4

55 KOLKATA NA NA NA NA NA NA

56 LUCKNOW NA NA NA NA NA NA

57 LUDHIANA 0 0 0 0 0 0

58 MADURAI 0 0 0 0 0 0

59 MEERUT 0 0 0 0 0 0

60 MUMBAI NA NA NA NA NA NA

61 NAGPUR 0 0 0 0 0 0

62 NASIK 0 0 0 0 0 0

63 PATNA NA NA NA NA NA NA

64 PUNE 1 1 1 1 1 4

65 RAJKOT 1 1 1 1 1 4

66 SURAT 0 0 0 0 0 0

67 VADODARA 1 1 1 2 0 4

68 VARANASI 0 0 0 0 0 0

69 VIJAYAWADA 1 1 2 0 0 3

70 VISHAKHAPATNAM NA NA NA NA NA NA

TOTAL (CITIES) 13 15 13 10 6 44

Note : NA stand for data not available.

* Below 18 years of age.


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Table 2 (D)

States/UTs with Higher Suicide Rate during 2007 to 2009Year

2007 2008 2009Puducherry 48.6 Sikkim 48.2 Puducherry 47.2A & N Islands 38.5

Puducherry 46.9

Sikkim 39.9

D & N Haveli 29.6 A & N Islands 34.5 A & N Islands 31.0Kerala 26.3 Kerala 25.0 Kerala 25.3Karnataka 21.6 D & N Haveli 22.6 Chhattisgarh 24.4National Rate (10.8) National Rate (10.8) National Rate (10.9)

Puducherry, A & N Islands and Keralacontinued to report higher suicide rates duringthe last 3 years. While Kerala has recordedsuicide rates more than twice the nationalaverage during the last three years, UTs of

Puducherry and A & N Islands have recordedmore than 4 and 3 times of the nationalaverage respectively.

Causes of Suicides

Family Problems and Illness, accounting for23.7% and 21.0% respectively, were the

major causes of suicides among the specifiedcauses. Love Affairs (2.9%), Bankruptcy(2.5%), Dowry Dispute, Drug Abuse /Addiction and 'Poverty' (2.3% each) were theother causes of suicides.

Suicides due to Family Problems and 'DrugAbuse/ Addiction' have shown an increasingtrend during last 3 years. Suicides due toDowry Dispute' have shown a declining trendduring last 3 years whereas suicides due to allthe other specified reasons have shown amixed trend during this period. [Table2(E)]

Figure 2.5

Percentage Share of Various Causes of Suicides during 2009

Poverty

2.3%

Dowry Dispute

2.3%

Causes Not

known

16.8%

Love Affairs

2.9%

Drug Abuse

2.3%

Other Causes

26.2%

Family Problems

23.7%

Illness

21.0%

Bankruptcy or

Sudden change in

Economic Status

2.5%


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Table 2 (E)Suicides and their Share by Causes during 2007 - 2009 (All India)

2007 2008 2009Sl.No.

Cause

Suicides%

ShareSuicide

s%

ShareSuicides

%Share

%Variationin 2009

Over

2008(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9)

1Bankruptcy or Sudden change in EconomicStatus

3312 2.7 2970 2.4 3162 2.5 6.5

2 Suspected/Illicit Relation 1299 1.1 1264 1.0 1180 0.9 -6.6

3 Cancellation/Non-Settlement of Marriage 984 0.8 949 0.8 1003 0.8 5.7

4 Not having Children(Barrenness/Impotency) 801 0.7 743 0.6 680 0.5 -8.5

5 Illness 27332 22.3 27410 21.9 26731 21.0 -3.0

(i) AIDS/STD 952 0.8 815 0.7 677 0.5 -16.9

(ii) Cancer 794 0.6 741 0.6 841 0.7 13.5

(iii) Paralysis 496 0.4 652 0.5 716 0.6 9.8

(iv) Insanity/Mental Illness 8638 7.0 8699 7.0 8469 6.7 -2.6

(v) Other Prolonged Illness 16452 13.4 16651 13.3 16028 12.6 -3.7

6 Death of Dear Person 719 0.6 1019 0.8 803 0.6 -21.2

7 Dowry Dispute 3148 2.6 3038 2.4 2921 2.3 -3.9

8 Divorce 335 0.3 410 0.3 331 0.3 -19.3

9 Drug Abuse/Addiction 2332 1.9 2730 2.2 2942 2.3 7.8

10 Failure in Examination 1976 1.6 2189 1.8 2010 1.6 -8.2

11 Fall in Social Reputation 1105 0.9 1151 0.9 1123 0.9 -2.4

12 Family Problems 29238 23.8 29777 23.8 30082 23.7 1.0

13 Ideological Causes/Hero Worshipping 261 0.2 392 0.3 128 0.1 -67.3

14 Illegitimate Pregnancy 158 0.1 238 0.2 141 0.1 -40.8

15 Love Affairs 3383 2.8 3774 3.0 3711 2.9 -1.7

16 Physical Abuse (Rape, Incest etc.) 305 0.2 367 0.3 320 0.3 -12.8

17 Poverty 2809 2.3 3006 2.4 2987 2.3 -0.6

18 Professional/Career Problem 1273 1.0 1176 0.9 1354 1.1 15.1

19 Property Dispute 1411 1.2 1394 1.1 1283 1.0 -8.0

20 Unemployment 2394 2.0 2080 1.7 2472 1.9 18.8

21 Causes Not known 20409 16.6 20124 16.1 21313 16.8 5.9

22 Other Causes 17653 14.4 18668 14.9 20474 16.1 9.7

Total 122637 100.0 125017 100.0 127151 100.0 1.7


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The number of suicides due to Unemployment'and Professional / Career Problem showed arelatively higher increase of 18.8% and 15.1%respectively as compared to previous year,whereas number of suicides due to IdeologicalCauses / Hero Worshipping and Illegitimate

Pregnancy have declined by 67.3% and 40.8%respectively as compared to previous year.State, UT and Citywise details on various

causes of suicides are presented in Table2.10. The States/UTs which reported morethan the All-India average share under the twomajor causes of suicides i.e. Illness and FamilyProblems are grouped in the Table2(F).Eleven States/UTs have reported higherpercentage share than the All India average in

suicides with causes such as Illness.

Similarly, eight States/UTs have reported

higher share than the All India average in

suicides caused due to Family Problems

during the year.

The lone suicide in Lakshadweep was due to

Illness. The other States/UTs which reported

higher share of suicides due to Illness were

Punjab (36.5%), A & N Islands (34.4%), Kerala

(33.8%), Puducherry (31.9%), Andhra Pradesh

(28.8%), Maharashtra (28.6%), Goa (28.4%),

Karnataka (26.4%), Gujarat (25.2%) and Tamil

Nadu (21.2%).

6.5% suicides in Kerala were due to

Bankruptcy or Sudden Change in Economic

Status. 5.4% suicides in D & N Haveli and

5.8% suicides in Sikkim were due to

Suspected / Illicit Relation and 'Cancellation /

Non-Settlement of Marriage' respectively.8.9%

suicides in D & N Haveli were due to Not

Having Children. 21.1% suicides in Punjab,

18.7% in Goa and 16.3% suicides in Kerala

each were due to Insanity/Mental Illness.

Similarly, 12.8% suicides in Bihar and 10.5%

suicides in Uttar Pradesh were due to Dowry

Dispute. 'Drug Abuse / Addiction' accounted

for 8.4% suicides in Maharashtra. 10.7%

suicides in Chandigarh were due to 'Failure in

Examination'. 12.5% suicides in D & N Haveli

and 11.8% suicides in Assam were due to

'Love Affairs'. 10.4% suicides in Andhra

Pradesh were on account of 'Poverty'. 7.1%

suicides in Sikkim and 6.6% suicides in Assam

were on account of 'Professional / Career

Problem' and 'Property Dispute' respectively.

Table 2 (F)States & UTs reporting higher share of Suicides due to Illness

and Family Problems during 2009

Illness Family ProblemsAll India % Share

21.0%

23.7%

Sl.No. State/UT Suicides

%age

Share

Sl.No. State/UT Suicides % ageShare

1 Lakshadweep 1 100.0 1 Puducherry 227 43.82 Punjab 309 36.5 2 Chandigarh 31 41.33 A & N Islands 45 34.4 3 Kerala 3516 40.24 Kerala 2962 33.8 4 Maharashtra 5279 36.95 Puducherry 165 31.9 5 Tripura 236 32.06 Andhra Pradesh 4169 28.8 6 Tamil Nadu 4263 29.67 Maharashtra 4085 28.6 7 Haryana 688 27.58 Goa 79 28.4 8 Rajasthan 1215 24.09 Karnataka 3224 26.4 10 Gujarat 1552 25.211 Tamil Nadu 3060 21.2


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Suicide Victims by Sex and Age Group

Distribution of suicides by causes and sexduring 2009 is presented in Table2(G). Theoverall male : female ratio of suicide victims forthe year 2009 was 64:36, the same as in theyear 2008. The proportion of Boys : Girls

suicide victims (upto 14 years of age) was51:49 i.e. almost equal number of young girlshave committed suicide as their malecounterparts. The proportion of female victimswas comparatively more under the headsIllegitimate Pregnancy (100.0%), DowryDispute (97.5%), Physical Abuse (Rape,Incest etc) (70.3%), 'Barrenness / Impotency(Not having children) (68.2%), Suspected/IllicitRelation (57.6%), 'Divorce' (54.1%) and'Cancellation/Non-settlement of marriage(52.6%). It is observed that social andeconomic causes have led most of the males tocommit suicide whereas emotional andpersonal causes have mainly driven females toend their lives.Youths (15-29 years) and lowermiddle-aged people (30-44 years) were theprime groups taking recourse to the path ofsuicides. Around 34.5% suicide victims wereyouths in the age group of 15-29 years and34.2% were middle aged persons in the agegroup 30-44 years. Among the specified

causes, Family Problems (346), Failure inExamination (291) and Illness (274) were themain cause of suicides among children (2,951).Family Problems have driven 10,631 youths(15-29 years), 11,215 lower middle agedpeople (30-44 years) and 6,035 upper middleaged persons (45-59 years) to commit suicide.

Nearly 41.1% (4,185 out of 10,189) of suicidescommitted by Senior citizens (60 years &above) were due to 'Illness'. Senior citizenshave accounted for 8.0% of the total victims.

Age-group wise distribution of suicide victims at

State/UT/City level is given in Table2.5. It is

observed that 17.2% (508 out of 2,951) of

children (upto 14 years) who committed

suicides belonged to Madhya Pradesh. 14.9%

(1,521 out of 10,189) senior citizens (60 years

& above) belonged to Kerala.

56.4% (62 out of 110) victims in Arunachal

Pradesh and 55.3% (817 out of 1,477) victims

in Delhi UT were young (15-29 years) as

compared to the national average of 34.5%.

51.9% of the victims (14 out of 27) in Manipur

were middle aged (30-44 years) against the

national average of 34.2%.

Figure2.6

Suicide Victims by Sex & Age-Group during 2009

1501

23746

29335

19596

28961450

7007

10189

14153

20174

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000

35000

Upto 14 Year 15-29 Year 30-44 Year 45-59 Year 60 Year & above

Age group

Male Female


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Table 2 (G)Distribution of Suicides by Causes and Sex

(Age-Group-wise) during 2009Upto 14 Years 15-29 Years 30-44 YearsSl.

No.Cause

Male Female Total Male Female Total Male Female Total

(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (11)


5 11 16 450 126 576 1232 153 1385

2 Suspected/Illicit Relation 3 12 15 228 383 611 197 229 426

3 Cancellation/Non-Settlement of Marriage 2 3 5 283 398 681 162 111 273

4Barrenness/Impotency (Not havingChildren)

0 4 4 40 206 246 107 204 311

5 Illness 141 133 274 3801 2908 6709 5458 2969 8427

(i) AIDS/STD 1 3 4 129 60 189 197 70 267

(ii) Cancer 0 4 4 61 31 92 136 71 207

(iii) Paralysis 5 2 7 69 30 99 120 45 165

(iv) Insanity/Mental Illness 65 43 108 1529 969 2498 1837 1055 2892

(v) Other Prolonged Illness 70 81 151 2013 1818 3831 3168 1728 4896

6 Death of Dear Person 6 14 20 119 155 274 177 106 283

7 Dowry Dispute 1 10 11 29 2053 2082 33 733 766

8 Divorce 1 2 3 50 60 110 63 81 144

9 Drug Abuse/Addiction 7 2 9 682 29 711 1244 37 1281

10 Failure in Examination 146 145 291 872 719 1591 74 33 107

11 Social Disrepute 3 11 14 180 184 364 260 161 421

12 Family Problems 164 182 346 5437 5194 10631 7259 3956 11215

13 Ideological Causes/Hero Worshipping 1 0 1 21 9 30 17 2 19

14 Illegitimate Pregnancy 0 6 6 0 91 91 0 39 39

15 Love Affairs 34 92 126 1415 1360 2775 431 320 751

16 Physical Abuse (Rape, Incest etc.) 3 8 11 48 137 185 23 55 78

17 Poverty 25 11 36 518 216 734 902 231 1133

18 Professional/Career Problem 0 0 0 290 53 343 502 61 563

19 Property Dispute 0 0 0 184 69 253 442 89 531

20 Unemployment 9 3 12 986 142 1128 816 112 928

21 Causes Not Known 480 323 803 4269 2890 7159 5230 2196 7426

22 Other Causes 470 478 948 3844 2792 6636 4706 2275 6981

Total 1501 1450 2951 23746 20174 43920 29335 14153 43488


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-Table 2 (G) (Concluded)Distribution of Suicides by Causes and Sex

(Age-Group-wise)

45-59 Years 60 Years & above TotalSl.No.

Cause

Male Female Total Male Female Total Male Female Total

(1) (2) (12) (13) (14) (15) (16) (17) (18) (19) (20)


859 74 933 235 17 252 2781 381 3162

2 Suspected/Illicit Relation 66 42 108 6 14 20 500 680 1180

3 Cancellation/Non-Settlement of Marriage 24 12 36 4 4 8 475 528 1003

4Barrenness/Impotency (Not havingChildren)

62 43 105 7 7 14 216 464 680

5 Illness 5080 2056 7136 2907 1278 4185 17387 9344 26731

(i) AIDS/STD 106 40 146 59 12 71 492 185 677

(ii) Cancer 223 94 317 171 50 221 591 250 841

(iii) Paralysis 154 55 209 169 67 236 517 199 716

(iv) Insanity/Mental Illness 1413 667 2080 572 319 891 5416 3053 8469

(v) Other Prolonged Illness 3184 1200 4384 1936 830 2766 10371 5657 16028

6 Death of Dear Person 94 47 141 64 21 85 460 343 803

7 Dowry Dispute 11 44 55 0 7 7 74 2847 2921

8 Divorce 37 31 68 1 5 6 152 179 331

9 Drug Abuse/Addiction 751 18 769 160 12 172 2844 98 2942

10 Failure in Examination 15 6 21 0 0 0 1107 903 2010

11 Social Disrepute 173 79 252 56 16 72 672 451 1123

12 Family Problems 4262 1773 6035 1319 536 1855 18441 11641 30082

13 Ideological Causes/Hero Worshipping 76 1 77 1 0 1 116 12 128

14 Illegitimate Pregnancy 0 5 5 0 0 0 0 141 141

15 Love Affairs 43 11 54 4 1 5 1927 1784 3711

16 Physical Abuse (Rape Incest etc.) 13 19 32 8 6 14 95 225 320

17 Poverty 677 158 835 186 63 249 2308 679 2987

18 Professional/Career Problem 359 26 385 61 2 63 1212 142 1354

19 Property Dispute 357 49 406 80 13 93 1063 220 1283

20 Unemployment 326 37 363 28 13 41 2165 307 2472

21 Causes Not Known 3176 1096 4272 1179 474 1653 14334 6979 21313

22 Other Causes 3135 1380 4515 987 407 1394 13142 7332 20474

Total 19596 7007 26603 7293 2896 10189 81471 45680 127151


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Professional Status of Suicide Victims

Information regarding professional status ofsuicide victims is presented in Table2.6.Housewives (25,092) accounted for 54.9% ofthe total female victims and nearly 19.7% oftotal victims committing suicides. Government

servants were 1.3% of the total suicidevictims.

Private and Public Sector personnel haveaccounted for 8.4% and 2.3% of the totalsuicide victims respectively, whereas studentsand un-employed victims accounted for 5.3%and 7.8% respectively. Self employedcategory accounted for 39.8% of victims. Itcomprised 13.7% engaged inFarming/Agriculture activities, 6.1% engagedin Business and 2.9% Professionals.

State/UTwise and Profession wise analysis[Table2.11] of suicide victims reveals thatthe lone victim of suicide in Lakshadweep wasa housewife. Government servants accountedfor 23.6% and 22.2% of suicide victims inArunachal Pradesh and Manipur respectively.33.6% suicide victims in A & N Islands and30.4% suicide victims in Daman & Diu were inPrivate Service. 16.0% and 24.0% suicidevictims in Chandigarh were PSU employees

and students respectively. 29.6% suicidevictims in Manipur were unemployed. 14.5%suicide victims in Sikkim were engaged inbusiness activity. 10.4% suicide victims inPuducherry were professionals. 55.1% suicidevictims in Mizoram were engaged in farming /agriculture activities.

Age-wise profile of professional status ofvictims during the year 2009 shows that nearly44.0% of Housewives and 77.0% of Studentswho had committed suicides during 2009 were

in the age-group 15-29 years. 40.9% ofsalaried and 39.0 of unemployed suicidevictims were in the age group 30-44 years.

Social Status of Suicide Victims

The information on the marital status of

suicide victims has been presented in Table2.7. It was observed that 70.4% of the suicidevictims were married while 21.9% were un-married. Divorcees and Separated haveaccounted for about 3.4% of the total suicidevictims. The proportion of Widow & Widowervictims was around 4.3%.

The State/UTwise distribution of suicidevictims by Marital Status is presented inTable2.12. It was observed that 52.2% ofvictims in Daman & Diu and 50.7% of suicide

victims in Mizoram were unmarried against21.9% at the National level. The sole suicidevictim in Lakshadweep was married. 78.3%suicide victims in Kerala were also marriedagainst the National average of 70.4%.

Educational Status of Suicide Victims

The sex-wise and education-wise break-up ofsuicide victims is presented in Table2.8.Themaximum number of suicide victims was

educated up to Middle level (23.7%). Illiterateand Primary educated persons accounted for21.4% suicide victims and 23.4% respectively.Only 3.1% suicide victims were graduates andpost-graduates. 51.9% suicide victims inSikkim were illiterate. 36.5% suicide victims inGujarat had education upto primary level.68.1% suicide victims in Mizoram and 59.1%suicide victims in Puducherry had middle leveleducation. The sole suicide victim inLakshadweep had education uptoMatriculation / Higher Secondary [Table2.13]

Figure 2.7

Percentage Distribution of Suicide Victims

by Profession - 2009

Student

5.3%

Retired

Person

0.8%

House Wife

19.7%

Service

12.1%Others

14.5%Unemploye

d

7.8%

Self-

employment

39.8%


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Percentage Share of Suicide Victims by Educational Standard - 2009

Middle

23.7%

Graduate2.3%

No Education21.4%

Post Graduateand above

0.8%

Primary23.4%

Diploma0.9%

HigherSecondary

8.8%

Matriculate/Secondary

18.7%

Figure 2.8

Distribution of Suicide Victims by Marital Status during 2009

17738

2848635

2058

10063

2674613 1030

58192

31300

0

10000

20000

30000

40000

50000

60000

70000

Never Married Married Widow / Widower Divorcee Separated

Male Female

Figure 2.9


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Table 2 (H)

Percentage of Suicide Victims by Educational Level 2007-2009

Percentage ShareSl.No. Educational Level2007 2008 2009

(1) (2) (3) (4) (5)1 No Education 21.8 20.7 21.42 Primary 25.2 25.3 23.43 Middle 24.2 23.7 23.74 Matriculate/Secondary 17.6 17.9 18.75 Higher Secondary 8.1 8.9 8.86 Diploma 0.9 0.8 0.97 Graduate 1.9 2.2 2.38 Post-Graduate & above 0.3 0.4 0.8

Total 100.0 100.0 100.0

Means Adopted for Committing Suicides

The means adopted for committing suicidevaried from the easily available means such asconsumption of poison, jumping into the well,

etc. to more painful means such as self inflictedinjuries, hanging, shooting, etc. Suicide byConsuming Poison (33.6%), Hanging (31.5%),Self Immolation (9.2%) and Drowning (6.1%)

were the prominent means of committingsuicides (Table2.9) as in past. Substantial

number of victims who terminated their lives by

hanging have been reported from ArunachalPradesh (93.6%), A & N Islands (80.9%) and D& N Haveli (71.4%). Share of suicides byPoisoning has decreased from 34.8% in 2008 to

33.6% in 2009 while share of Self electrocutionhas remained static at 0.8%. Share of Jumpingfrom buildings and other sites has increasedfrom 0.9% in 2008 to 1.5% in 2009. The

State/UTs share of suicides by Hanging andPoisoning is presented in Table2(J).

Table 2 (I)Percentage share of the Means adopted in Committing Suicides during 2007-2009

% ShareSl.No. Means Adopted 2007 2008 2009(1) (2) (3) (4) (5)1 Alcoholism 1.1 1.2 1.22 Drowning 6.8 6.7 6.13 Fire/self immolation 8.5 8.8 9.24 Fire arms 0.6 0.4 0.45 Hanging 31.7 32.2 31.56 Poisoning 34.8 34.8 33.6

i) Consumption of insecticides 19.7 19.1 20.4ii) Other poisons 15.1 15.5 13.2

7 Self infliction of injury 0.2 0.3 0.28 Jumping from 1.0 0.9 1.5

i) Buildings 0.7 0.5 0.7ii) Other sites 0.3 0.4 0.8

9 Jumping off from moving vehicles/trains 0.5 0.4 0.810

Machine 0.1 0.1 0.111 Over dose of sleeping pills 0.7 0.5 0.5

12 Self electrocution 0.6 0.8 0.813 Coming under running vehicles/train 3.6 3.0 2.814 Other means 9.7 10.1 11.2

Total 100.0 100.0 100.0


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Table 2 (J)States/UTs having higher Percentage share of Suicides Committed

by Consumption of Poison and Hanging than National Average 2009

Consumption of Poison By HangingAll-India Share (33.6%) All-India Share (31.5%)

Sl.No. States/UTs Cases %share Sl.No. States/UTs Cases %share(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8)1 Andhra Pradesh 6932 47.8 1 Arunachal Praesh 103 93.62 Orissa 1891 43.3 2 A & N Islands 106 80.93 Gujarat 2603 42.3 3 D & N Haveli 40 71.44 Himachal Pradesh 234 41.8 4 Nagaland 21 67.75 Tripura 304 41.2 5 Puducherry 339 65.46 Maharashtra 5351 37.4 6 Mizoram 45 65.27 West Bengal 5270 35.9 7 Chandigarh 48 64.0

8 Delhi (UT) 922 62.49 Sikkim 148 61.410 Goa 160 57.611 Meghalaya 61 54.512 Tripura 379 51.413 Kerala 4402 50.314 Assam 1491 50.315 Maharashtra 5351 37.416 Chhattisgarh 2188 37.217 Manipur 10 37.018 West Bengal 5283 36.1


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Table 2 (K)

Distribution of Age-group wise & Sex wise Suicides Classified according toMeans Adopted during 2009

Upto 14 Years 15-29 Years 30-44 YearsSl.No. Means Adopted Male Female Total Male Female Total Male Female Total(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (11)1 Excessive Alcoholism 4 1 5 285 17 302 582 41 6232 Drowning 264 160 424 1478 1032 2510 1652 928 25803 Fire/Self Immolation 38 131 169 1151 3695 4846 1637 2489 41264 Fire-Arms 3 6 9 137 68 205 163 45 2085 Hanging 313 326 639 8675 6253 14928 9652 3960 136126 Poisoning 280 388 668 8065 6718 14783 10224 4626 14850

(i) Consumption of Insecticides 147 228 375 4868 3892 8760 6332 2684 9016(ii) Consumption of other

Poison 133 160 293 3197 2826 6023 3892 1942 58347 Self Infliction of injury 2 0 2 68 44 112 75 32 1078 Jumping 32 28 60 312 278 590 526 185 711

(i) From Building 18 21 39 147 91 238 237 76 313(ii) From Other sites 14 7 21 165 187 352 289 109 398

9 Jumping off MovingVehicles/Trains 16 7 23 182 76 258 361 84 445

10 By Machine 1 0 1 23 7 30 58 4 6211 Overdose of sleeping pills 2 6 8 112 89 201 130 90 22012 Self-electrocution 41 16 57 280 72 352 289 66 35513 Coming under running

vehicles/trains 31 19 50 765 363 1128 1035 262 129714 Other means 474 362 836 2213 1462 3675 2951 1341 4292

Total 1501 1450 2951 23746 20174 43920 29335 14153 43488Percentage 1.2 1.1 2.3 18.7 15.9 34.5 23.1 11.1 34.2


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Table 2 (K) (Concluded)

45-59 Years 60 Years & above TotalSl.No. Means Adopted

Male Female Total Male Female Total Male Female Total(1) (2) (12) (13) (14) (15) (16) (17) (18) (19) (20)

Percentageof Male to

Total

1 Excessive Alcoholism 467 24 491 132 19 151 1470 102 1572 93.52 Drowning 948 516 1464 452 319 771 4794 2955 7749 61.93 Fire/Self Immolation 825 978 1803 308 398 706 3959 7691 11650 34.04 Fire-Arms 83 24 107 26 5 31 412 148 560 73.65 Hanging 6271 1797 8068 2168 591 2759 27079 12927 40006 67.7

6 Poisoning 6866 2366 9232 2349 901 3250 27784 14999 42783 64.9 (i) Consumption of insecticides 4257 1406 5663 1572 555 2127 17176 8765 25941 66.2 (ii) Consumption of other Poison 2609 960 3569 777 346 1123 10608 6234 16842 63.07 Self Infliction of injury 43 6 49 39 4 43 227 86 313 72.58 Jumping 238 87 325 129 36 165 1237 614 1851 66.8 (i) From Building 126 35 161 62 20 82 590 243 833 70.8

(ii) From Other sites 112 52 164 67 16 83 647 371 1018 63.69 Jumping off Moving

Vehicles/Trains 164 29 193 28 13 41 751 209 960 78.210 By Machine 49 4 53 3 1 4 134 16 150 89.311 Overdose of sleeping pills 86 42 128 46 19 65 376 246 622 60.512 Self electrocution 192 64 256 41 12 53 843 230 1073 78.613 Coming under running

vehicles/trains 642 166 808 238 96 334 2711 906 3617 75.0

14

Other means

2722 904 3626 1334 482 1816 9694 4551 14245 68.1

Total 19596 7007 26603 7293 2896 10189 81471 45680 127151 64.1 Percentage 15.4 5.5 20.9 5.7 2.3 8.0 64.1 35.9 100.0


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The sex-wise break-up and percentagedistribution of the means adopted for suicidesin various States/UTs & Cities is presented inTable2.14. The number of male victims wasmore than females for all means of suicidesexcept those committed by Self immolation

where share of female victims was more(66.0%).

33.3% suicides in Manipur were committed by'Fire Arms'. 'Coming under Running Vehicles /Trains' was the adopted means of committingsuicides in Punjab where it accounted for44.5% of all suicides.

Suicides in Cities

The number of suicides in 35 mega cities havereported an increasing trend during the year2005 to 2007. Thereafter, the number of

suicides in cities has decreased from 14,336 in2007 to 13,071 in 2008 and then increased to13,503 in 2009.The rate of suicides was 11.4in 2005; it was around 13 in 2006 and 2007,declined to 12.1 in 2008 and increased to 12.5in 2009.

The four Metropolitan Cities Bengaluru(2,167), Chennai (1,412), Delhi (1,215) andMumbai (1,051) have reported higher numberof Suicides. These four cities together havereported almost 43% of the total suicidesreported from 35 mega cities. Indore cityreported maximum increase of 206.3% (from32 suicides in 2008 to 98 suicides in 2009).

Ludhiana city has reported maximum decline of37.0% (81 suicides in 2008 to 15 suicides in2009) over 2008.

Table 2 (M)Comparative Percentage Distribution of Suicides by Causes

in Cities and All-India (Major Causes)

No. of Cases (in 2009) Share in total suicidesreported inSl.

No. Cause of SuicideCities All-India Cities All-India

(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6)1. Family Problems 2982 30082 22.1 23.72. Total Illness 2762 26731 20.5 21.03. Insanity/Mental Illness* 951 8469 7.0 6.74. Unemployment 588 2472 4.4 1.9

5. Love Affairs 452 3711 3.3 2.96. Drug Abuse/Addiction 406 2942 3.0 2.37. Failure in Examination 383 2010 2.8 1.68. Bankruptcy or Sudden

Change in Economic Status331 3162 2.5 2.5

9. Poverty 269 2987 2.0 2.310. Dowry Dispute 244 2921 1.8 2.3

Total 8417 77018 62.3 60.6*included in total illness

Table 2 (L)

Year Suicides inCities Cities share toAll India Ratein Cities % Variation overprevious year

(incidence)2005 12331 10.8 11.4 5.32006 13844 11.7 12.8 12.3

2007 14336 11.7 13.3 3.6

2008 13071 10.6 12.1 8.8

2009 13503 10.6 12.5 3.3


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The suicide rate in cities (12.5) was higher ascompared to All-India suicide rate (10.9).Bengaluru has reported the highest rate ofsuicides (38.1) followed by Jabalpur city (34.4).Amritsar city and Kolkata had the lowest rate at3.2 and 1.5 respectively among 35 cities.

7.0% of suicides were committed due toMental Illness as against 6.7% of suchsuicides at National level as per causal analysisof suicides in cities. Similarly, the share ofsuicides due to 'Unemployment', Love Affairs,Drug Abuse / Addiction and 'Failure inExamination was comparatively higher thantheir respective National averages.

Bankruptcy / or Sudden Change in EconomicStatus was the reason of 10.0% of suicides inKochi. Suspected / Illicit Relation accounted

for 9.9%and 9.3% suicides in Jamshedpur andRajkot respectively. In Bhopal, 29.5% suicideswere on account of AIDS/STD. Insanity /Mental Illness accounted for 39.2% suicides inLudhiana, 34.2% in Kochi and 31.3% suicidesin Amritsar. 27.4% suicides in Varanasi wereaccounted for by Dowry Dispute whereas11.3% suicides in Nasik were caused by DrugAbuse / Addiction. Failure in Examinationaccounted for 19.0% suicides in Patna, 17.4%suicides in Jabalpur and 15.2% suicides in

Jamshedpur. 6.4% suicides in Jamshedpur and4.5% in Vishakhapatnam were caused by Fallin Social Reputation. Family Problemsclaimed 65.6% suicides in Amritsar and werethe major cause of suicides in Kanpur (57.7%),Nagpur (42.8%), Faridabad (42.5%), Mumbai(41.9%) and Surat (40.4%). 4.8% suicides inPatna were attributed to IllegitimatePregnancy. Love Affairs accounted for 30.4%suicides in Meerut and 17.1% suicides inAllahabad. 9.8% suicides in Ludhiana and 9.6%suicides in Vijayawada were on account of

Poverty. In Jabalpur, 10.4% suicides wereattributed to Professional / Career Problem.8.6% suicides in Jabalpur and 15.6% suicidesin Hyderabad were attributed to PropertyDispute and Unemployment respectively.[Table-2.10]

45.4% suicide victims were housewives inDhanbad while 7.7% and 7.5% wereGovernment servants in Asansol and Kolkatarespectively. In Jabalpur, 47.9% of suicidevictims were private employees.13.5% suicidevictims in Kolkata were employees of PSUs.23.8% suicides in Patna, 23.7% suicides in

Allahabad and 23.0% suicides in Kanpur werecommitted by students. 23.0% suicide victimsin Rajkot and 21.0% suicide victims in Varanasiwere unemployed. 19.6% suicide victims inVijayawada were engaged in Business activity.12.0% victims in Madurai and Rajkot each wereengaged in Professional activities. 63.2% ofsuicide victims in Lucknow were engaged inFarming / Agriculture activity. [Table-2.11]

Educational Profile of suicide victims revealedthat 56.2% of suicide victims in Vijayawada and

40.4% of suicide victims in Bengaluru wereilliterate. 50.4% of suicide victims in Rajkotwere educated upto Primary level. 41.7% ofsuicide victims in Nasik had education uptoMiddle level. 78.1% of suicide victims inAmritsar were educated upto Matriculate /Secondary level. 39.2% suicide victims inFaridabad, 36.8% suicide victims in Dhanbadand 35.5% in Varanasi were educated uptoHigher Secondary / Intermediate / Pre-University level. 9.2% suicide victims in

Lucknow were Diploma holders.18.4% suicidevictims in Allahabad and 17.7% suicide victimsin Varanasi were Graduates while 8.9% suicidevictims in Meerut and 7.9% suicide victims inAllahabad had education upto Post Graduationor above. [Table-2.13]

The pattern of suicides reported from 35 citiesshowed that Hanging (44.5%), Poisoning(20.6%) and Self Immolation (12.6%) were theprominent means adopted by the suicidevictims in the cities.Hanging claimed 79.5% of

suicide victims in Kolkata and 71.4% of suicidevictims in Kochi. 35.2% suicide victimsconsumed insecticides in Jabalpur, in Rajkot,32.4% suicide victims immolated themselves.27.8% suicides in Meerut were committed byFire Arms. 14.5% suicides were committed by'Coming under Running Vehicles / Trains inVaranasi. [Table-2.14]

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Ncrb Suicides Data 2009