Compiled & Edited by : D.B. Ahuja

S. Vennila

Technnical Support : Neelam Mehta

Citation : Annual Report 2010-11

National Centre for Integrated Pest Management

LBS Building, Pusa Campus

New Delhi

Published by : Dr. O.M. Bambawale

Director

National Centre for Integrated Pest Management

LBS Building , Pusa Campus

New Delhi- 110 012

Telephone No. : 91-11-25843936, 25740951

Fax No. : 91-11-25841472

E-mail : ipmnet@ncipm.org.in

Website : http://www.ncipm.org.in

Printe at : M/s Royal Offset Printers

A-89/1, Naraina Industrial Area, Phase-I, New Delhi-28

CONTENTS

Preface v

dk;Z lkjka'k 1

Executive Summary 6

Introduction 11

Development, validation and dissemination of location specific

IPM strategies in different ecosystems

Rice 13

Cotton 18

Oilseeds 28

Vegetables 38

IPM Under Protected Cultivation 46

Biological Control 49

Pest scenario, surveillance and forewarning 54

Development of databases on major pests and elecvtronic networking 67

Socio-economic issues and impact assessment of IPM technology 72

Human resource development in IPM

Facilities 73

jktHkk"kk fgUnh 75

Research Projects 76

Publications 78

Trainings and Awards 83

Participation in Seminars, Symposia, Workshops, Conferences 84

Budget 85

Personnel 86

PREFACE

National Centre for Integrated Pest Management (NCIPM) has been playing pivotal role in the arena of

plant protection to limit yield losses due to pests across agricultural and horticultural crops of the country.

While validation and popularization of integrated pest management (IPM) among crops of rice, pulses,

cotton, oilseeds and vegetables at famers’ fields over years have been regularly tuned to the changes of crop

cultivation and environmental scenarios, the Centre strengthened its interface with Agricultural Universities

and Department of Agriculture of different States to implement IPM on an area wide basis during the past

two years. Systematic surveys and surveillance supported by information technology integrated with crop

and pest management advisory, and effective and extensive implementation of IPM among crops of rice,

pulses and cotton had paid dividends in terms of improved yields and need based use of pesticides. Crop of

rice at Orissa, soybean and cotton at Maharashtra, pigeon pea and chickpea across five States viz., Uttar

Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh were brought under the web enabled

area wide real time surveillance based pest management advisory system. Development of data logger for

use with field surveillance and of geographic information system (GIS) for depicting pest hot spots are the

improvements demonstrated by the centre for rapidly expanding IPM implementation. More than 6000 soybean

and cotton pest management advisories were disseminated through more than 112 lakh short message services

to farmers in Maharashtra. Thirty six thousand hectares of pigeon pea across five states were used for IPM

demonstrations. Development of patentable mechanical devices such as light trap safer to beneficial insects

and a ‘bracon kit’ for enhancement of beneficial insects brought in renewal of interest in the use of mechanical

devices under IPM. During the year, the Centre also addressed the legislative measure of label claims and

licenses for sale of pesticides for use on different crops to enhance effective use of pesticides within IPM. It

is notable that NCIPM is coordinating strategic research for pest and diseases dynamics in relation to climate

change across crops of rice, pigeonpea, groundnut, tomato and mango under the ‘ National Initiative on

Climate Resilient Agriculture’. The brain storm meeting on ‘Making IPM More Effective’ and efforts towards

development of infrastructure at the Centre’s site at ‘Mehrauli’ are fulfilling events of the year in addition to

the implementation of mega IPM programmes across regions.

I am pleased to see the visibility and strength of NCIPM and appreciate the great compliments it gained

in the recent past for gearing up the paradigm shift of nation’s IPM. I am thankful to Dr. S. Ayyappan,

Secretary DARE and Director General, Dr. S. K. Dutta, DDG (Crop Sciences) and Dr. T.P. Rajendran,

Assistant Director General (Plant Protection) for their supportive guidance and their leadership and vision

to consolidate plant protection in the country.

I appreciate the hard work of all my scientific, technical, administrative and supporting staff at the

Centre for their involvement in successful execution of the exceptional programs taken up during the year.

Editorial job of the annual report done by Drs. D.B. Ahuja and S.Vennila and the technical assistance

provided by Ms. Neelam Mehta are gratefully acknowledged.

(O.M. Bambawale)

Director, New Delhi

Mandate

• To develop and promote IPM technologies for

major crops to sustain higher crop yields with

minium ecological implications.

• To develop information base on all aspects of pest

management and to advise on related national

priorities and pest management policies

• To establish linkages and collaborative

programmes with other national and international

institutes in the area of IPm

• To extend technical consultancies

1

dk;Zdkjh lkjka'k

jk”Vªh; lesfdr uk'khtho çca/ku dsaæ jkT;~ ljdkjksa]jkT; —f"k fo'o fo|ky;ksa] —f"k foKku dsaæksa] Loo;alsohlaxBuksa] vkSj cht o uk'khthouk'kd m|ksxksa ds lg;ksx }kjkbZ&uk'khtho fuxjkuh djus] uk'khtho ijke'kZ tkjh djus]uohu [kkstijd midj.kksa dh fMtkbu] vkbZ-ih-,e- fu.kZ;ç.kkyh ds fodkl vkSj ekuo lalk/ku fodkl esa layXu gSAblds vykok ;g dsaæ eq[; Qlyksa ds fy, vkbZ-ih-,e-rduhdksa dk fuekZ.k] lR;kiu vkSj mUgsa c<+kok nsus esa lfØ;:i ls tqVk gSA lu 2010&11 ds nkSjku bu {ks=ksa esa gkflymiyfC/k;ksa dks çLrqr fd;k x;k gSA

Hkkjr ds fofHkUu~ /kku laca/kh —f"k&ikfjra=ksa esa cklerhvkSj xSj&cklerh nksuksa /kkuksa ds fy, LFkku&fof'k"V vkbZ-ih-,e- ;qfä;k¡ fodflr] çlkfjr vkSj mUgsa yksdfç; cukus dkdk;Z fd;k x;kA cklerh /kku esa vkbZ-ih-,e- lR;kiulaca/kh ijh{k.k cackokM+ ¼mÙkjçns'k½] flckSyh ¼gfj;k.kk½ vkSjnw/kkyh ¼mÙkjk[kaM½ vkSj cksysuk vkSj iVkjk xkao] tkya/kjftyk ¼iatkc½ esa yxk, x,A bl vkbZ-ih-,e- çfr:id dseq[;s vax <sapk dh gjh [kkn yxkuk] dkcZUMkfte }kjkchtksipkj] flMkseksukl ¼5 feyh-@yhVj ty½ esa ikS/k tM+ksadks Mqcksuk] 2&3 ikS/k@fgy jksi.k djuk] moZjd dh b"Vre[kqjkd ¼60 N:50 P:40 fdxzk çfr gS-½ vkSj ftad lYQsV 25

fdxzk@gS-] ihyk ruk Nsnd fujh{k.k ds fy, Qsjkseksu ik'kksadh LFkkiuk] dhV&ihM+dksa ds fy, Øec) fuxjkuh] jksxksavkSj çk—frd 'k=qvksa] uk'khthouk'kdksa ¼>qylk ds fy,VªkbflDyktksy] ch-,y-ch- ds fy, LVªskIVks~lkbDyhku] ch-,p-ih- ds fy, cqçksQsftu½ vkSj tSodkjdksa VªkbdksMjek gjft;kuedk vko';drkuqlkj mi;ksx] [kjirokjksa dk gkFkksa ls çca/kuvkSj iqvky caMyksa ¼20@gS-½ dh LFkkiuk djuk gSaA xSj cklerh/kkuksa ds fy, vkbZ-ih-,e- çfr:idksa ds lR;kiu dk dk;Zlg;ksxkRed çfØ;k ds varxZr ,u-Mh-;w-,-Vh-] QStkckn]ih-,-;w-] yqf/k;kuk ¼iatkc½] lh-vkj-vkj-vkbZ-] dVd] lh-vkj-;w-vkj-vkj-,l-] gtkjhckx] vkSj oh-ih-ds-,-,l- vYeksM+k¼mÙkjk[kaM½ esa pyk;k x;kA cklerh /kkuksa esa eq[; uk'khtholeL;kvksa esa ihyk ruk Nsnd iÙkh eksM+d] cdkuh] i.kZPNnvaxekjh] Hkwjk /kCckk vkSj >qylk FksA

xSj cklerh /kku esa eq[; dhV uk'khtho vkSj jksxksa esaruk Nsnd] iÙkh eksM+d] xa/kh cx] >qylk] i.kZPNn vaxekjhvkSj Hkwjs /kCcs FksA vkbZ-ih-,e- çfr:idksa esa dfydkvksa dhdVkbZ&N¡VkbZ] xzh"edkyhu tqrkbZ vkSj Qly vo'ks"kksa dksu"V djuk] enk mipkj] Hkyh&Hkk¡fr ls e¡pk, x, [ksrksa esale; ij vuqeksfnr nwjh ij jksi.k ¼15 tqykbZ ls igys½]jksi.k ls igys ikS/k 'kh"kksaZ dks drjuk] [kjirokj çca/ku]moZjdksa dk larqfyr vkSj ftad ds lkFk mi;ksx] mfpr tyçca/ku] lkIrkfgd varjky ls uk'khtho çdksi dh fuxjkuh]çdk'k iksf"kr uk'khthoksa dh fuxjkuh ds fy, Qsjkseksu ik'kksavkSj çdk'k ik'kksa dh LFkkiuk] vkSj ruk Nsndksa ds fy,Vh- tsiksfudk dks NksM+uk vkSj uk'khthouk'kdks a dkvko';drkuqlkj mi;ksx 'kkfey FksA cklerh vkSj xSj cklerh]nksuksa /kku esa vkbZ-ih-,e- viukus ds ifj.kkeLo:i fdlkuksadh çFkkvksa dh rqyuk esa uk'khthouk'kd fNM+dkoksa esa 50&60çfr'kr deh vkSj ykHk esa c<+ksÙkjh çkIr gqbZA fdlkuksa dhçFkkvksa dh rqyuk esa vkbZ-ih-,e- [ksrksa esa çk—frd 'k=qvksa dhvf/kdrk vkSj dhV ihM+dksa dh deh ntZ dh xbZA

iatkc esa /kku mxkus okys 14 fofHkUu~ {ks=ksa esa ç{ks=losZ{k.k fd;k x;k vkSj irk pyk fd ifV;kyk esa i.kZPNnvaxekjh vkSj verlj] lax:j vkSj ifV;kyk esa Hkwjk i.kZNsnd dh cgqr de ek=k rFkk Qrsgiqj lkfgc esa thok.kq i.kZ/kCcs dk çdksi 5 çfr'kr gSA vf/kdka'k LFkkuksa ij i.kZPNnvaxekjh vkSj ikn xyu cgqr de ls ysdj 20 çfr'kr rdik, x,A vkHkklh daM vkSj >qylk jksx fQjkstiqj] tkya/kj]Qrsgx<+ lkfgc vkSj eksxk esa ntZ ugha fd;k x;k tcfdvkHkklh daM vU; LFkkuksa ij 5 izfr'kr ¼yqf/k;kuk½ vkSj 10izfr'kr ¼lax:j vkSj HkfVaMk½ ntZ fd;k x;kA

chVh dikl esa ç{ks= ij ikfjfe= vkbZ-ih-,e- çFkkvksa dsfodkl vkSj lR;kiu ds fy, mÙkjh dikl mitkus okys {ks=¼fljlk] gfj;k.kk½ esa ck;ks&6488 chVh ds mi;ksx us nks xqukykHk ¼:- 1]23]750@gS-½ fn;k vkSj fdlkuksa dh çFkkvksa dhrqyuk esa dhVukf'k;ksa ij [kpZ dks de ¼:- 85]534@gS-½fd;kA bl {ks= esa fefjM] dSehyksek fyfoMk ds çdksi vkSjxksyd fodflr gksrs le; mlls gksus okyh gkfu ds dkj.k

2

NCIPM ANNUAL REPORT 2010–11

xksydksa ds otu vkSj dVkbZ ds le; çkIr gksus okyschtksa@xksydksa dh la[;k esa deh vkbZA blls bl ckr ijcy feyrk gS fd chVh dikl dh fuxjkuh vkSj çca/ku dhvko';drk gSA lh-,y-lh-oh- xzLr ikS/kksa esa dVkbZ ds mijkarçkIr xksydksa dh la[;ka jksxeqä chVh ikS/kksa dh rqyuk esa80&85 izfr'kr jghA lkFk gh] chVh dikl ds [ksrksa esa[kjirokjksa ij LiksMksIVsjk fyVwjk vkSj gsfydksoikZ vkehZtsjkiuirs gSa tks dqN le; ckn dikl ij pys tkrs gSaA bldkj.k Hkh chVh çfrjks/k çca/ku vko';d gksrk gSA LiksMksIVsjkfyVwjk ds çca/ku ds fy, ik'k Qly ds :i esa vjaM dkmi;ksx mÙkjh dikl —f"k&ikfjra=ksa esa mi;qä ugha çrhrgksrk D;ksa fd ,sfd;k tukVk bl ikS/ks dks iw.kZRk% dadky cuknsrk gSA

lu 2010&11 esa dikl [kaMok ¼e/; çns'k% e/; {ks=½]ckalokM+k ¼jktLFkku% mÙkjh {ks=½ vkSj vkuan ¼xqtjkr% e/;{ks=½ dh Qly dh vxsrh] e/; vkSj iNsrh fodkl voLFkkvksads nkSjku Qqndk ,d uk'khtho ds :i esa LFkkfir gks jgk gSAns'k ds dikl mitkus okys rhu {ks=ksa esa lHkh 14 dsaæksa ijfFkzIll vkSj lQsn eD[khA tSls vU; jl pw"kdksa dh la[;kvkfFkZd gkfu Lrj ls de jghA e/;~ Hkkjrh; ckjkuh diklesa] chVh diklksa esa ikjaifjd ladjksa dh vis{kk xksyd 'kyHk&{kfresa vkSlru 45 xquk deh vkbZ gSA iwoZ&chVh dh rqyuk esa chVhij fefjM~l ds vykok vU; jl pw"kdksa esa dksbZ mYys[kuh;varj ugha vk;k gS] rFkk lkekU; ijHkf{k;ksa dh la[;k esac<+ksÙkjh ns[kus dks feyh gSA dikl jl pw"kdksa ¼Qqndk]fFkzIld vkSj fejM~l½ dk cnyrk ifj–’; vkSj e/;k Hkkjrh;ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa e/;e vof/k ds ekSleh mrkj&p<+koksa ls irkpyk gS fd bu dhVksa ij ekSleh mrkj&p<+ko dk dksbZ çR;{kçHkko ugha iM+rkA

dikl ehyhcx fQukdksdl lksysfuifll ds ijik"khikniksa laca/kh ifj–'; ls irk pyk gS fd Hkkjr esa diklmitkus okys mÙkjh] e/; vkSj nf{k.kh vkSj lHkh {ks=ksa esaØe'k% 27] 45] 43 vkSj 50 ikni dqVqacksa esa 71] 141] 124 vkSj194 mitkfr;k¡ ekStwn gSaA fQukdksdl lksysfuifll s dsijik"kh ikniksa dh _rqvksa us n’kkZ;k fd mudh la[;k csekSelesa mPp ¿e/; ¼73½] nf{k.k ¼52½] mÙkj ¼26½À gksrh gS] mllsde Qly esa vkSj csekSle esa lHkh rhuksa {ks=ksa esa mlls Hkh dejghA ns’k Hkj esa Lrj 1 ds ijiksf"k;ksa dh rst c<+ksÙkjh¼81 la[;k½ crkrh gS fd fQukdksdl lksysfuifll ds vkxsQSyus vkSj iuius esa mudh D;k Hkwfedk,¡ gSaA fQukdksdl

lksysfuifll ds ijiksf"k;ksa dh la[;k vR;aar xaHkhj çkIr gqbZ]tks Øekuqlkj e/; ¼37½ > nf{k.k ¼19½ > mÙkj ¼17½ jghAfQukdksdl lksysfuifll ds oSdfYid ijiks”kdksa dk LFkkfudforj.k e/; esa fc[kjs {ks=ksa esa jgk] mlds ckn mÙkj vkSjnf{k.kh {ks=ksa esa jgkA [ksrksa ds 13 vkSj lM+d fdukjs fLFkfr 10ijiks"kh ikni dh ekStwnxh lHkh {ks=ksa esa ikbZ xbZA fQukdksdllksysfuifll s ds vklku vkSj çHkkoh çca/ku ds fy, lkekU;vkSj {ks= fo'ks"k dh j.kuhfr;k¡ cukbZ xbZa vkSj ns'k Hkj esaehyhcx çca/ku ds fy, lcls egRoiw.kZ ijiks"kh ikniksa ds:i esa vkB ikniksa dh igpku dh xbZA

ewaxQyh ds fy, LFkku fof'k"V vkbZ-ih-,e- rduhdh dkfodkl vkSj lR;kiu lu 2010&11 esa jktLFkku ds gquekux<+]mn;iqj ftys vkSj vka/kzçns'k ds dkfnjh ftys esa yxkrkjnwljs o"kZ Hkh tkjh jgkA ;g dk;Z fdlkuksa ds ç{ks= fo|ky;ksavkSj —"kd ç{ks= fnolksa] –';&JO; çn'kZu vkSj v[kckjksavkSj bysDVªfud ehfM;k ds tfj, çpkj&çlkj }kjk fd;kx;kA ntZ fd, x, eq[; jksxksa esa xzhok foxyu] rukxyu@'k"d xyu@ih-,l-,u-Mh-] vxsrh i.kZ /kCck vkSj iNsrhi.kZ /kCck] fFkzIll] 'osr xzc vkSj nhed jgsA vkbZ-ih-,e-çfr:idksa dk ikyu djus ds dkj.k lHkh LFkkkuksa esa uk'khthoçdksi de gq, vkSj vkfFkZd ykHk vf/kd gqvkA guqekux<+]oYyHkx<+] mn;iqj vkSj dkfnjh eaMy esa vkbZ-ih-,e- ç{ks=ksaesa ewaxQyh dk dqy vk; ¼:-@gS-½ Øe'k% 76]076] 52]465]29]669 jgh tcfd fdlkuksa dh viuh çFkkvksa esa 44]252]36]696 vkSj 24]518 jghA

jktLFkku ds uoxkao vkSj vyoj ftys esa ljlksa esa lu2007&08 vkSj 2008&09 ds nkSjku viuk, x, vkbZ-ih-,e-rduhdksa ds LFkkf;Ro vkSj çHkkoksa ds v/;;u lu 2010&11esa fd;k x;kA bu xkaoksa esa mu 144 fdlku ifjokjksa dklosZ{k.k fd;k x;k tks jch ekSle esa 142 gS- {ks= esa ljlksamxkrs gSaA bl xkao esa 90 çfr'kr fdlkuksa us ljlksa Qly dhcqvkbZ vuq'kaflr le; ij] ;Fkk 15 ls 25 vDVwcj 2011 dschp dh] 55 çfr'kr fdlkuksa us VªkbZdksMekZ ohjhMh }kjk 10xzke@fdxzk cht dh nj ls chtksipkj fd;k vkSj 10 çfr'krls vf/kd fdlkuksa us [ksrksa dh esaM+ksa ls psaik çHkkfor Vgfu;ksadks gkFkksa ls Hkh fudkykA

jktLFkku ds dksVk ftys esa Mqaxjtk xkao esa 50 gS-{ks=Qy esa [kjhQ lks;kchu ds fy, ,d ikfjfe= vkbZ-ih-,e-çfr:id dk fodkl fd;k x;k vkSj mls lR;kfir fd;kx;kA bl çfr:id esa ikS/kksa ds chp dh nwjh fdlkuksa dh

3

vke çFkkvksa 22-5 ls-eh- dh rqyuk esa 30 ls-eh] chtnj vkeçFkkvksa 100 fd-xzk-@gS- dh rqyuk esa 80 fd-xzk-@gS-]LiksMksIVsjkfyVwjk dh uj vkcknh dks Qalkus ds fy, ;kSu Qsjkseksu@ 5ik'k@gS-] ,l,y,uihoh dk vuqç;ksx vkSj vis{kk—r lqjf{krjklk;fud dhVuk'kdksa dk vko';drkuqlkj mi;ksx 'kkfeyFkkA vkbZ-ih-,e- ç{ks=ksa esa mit fdlkuksa dh vke çFkkvksa¼11-5 fDo@gS-½ dh rqyuk esa vf/kd ¼13-03 fDo-@gS-½gkfly gqbZA

jktLFkku ds Jhxaxkuxj] gquekux<+] vyoj] Hkjriqj]nkSlk vkSj t;iqj vkSj gfj;k.kk ds egsaæx<+] jksgrd vkSjxqM+xkao ftyksa ds fofHkUu xkaoksa esa ljlksa esa Ldysjksf'k;e rukxyu ds fy, ,d ç{ks= losZ{k.k fd;k x;kA bl losZ{k.k lsKkr gqvk fd losZ{k.k okys lHkh ftyksa esa LdysjksVsfu;kLdysjksf'k;e ljlksa dh [ksrh ds fy, xaHkhj [krjk gS vkSjdqN LFkkuksa esa psrkouh dh fLFkfr ntZ dh xbZ gSA bldsçdksi vkSj rsth Øe'k% 1-0&90 çfr'kr vkSj Lrj 1-0&4-0 dschp jgkA Jhxaxkuxj ftys esa pd 2 ,e-,e- /khjaxokyh] 25,Q- xqykbZcsokyk vkSj 40 ,Q ukudlj] vyoj ftys esaeksgEetniqj] Vhdjh] /kku[ksM+k] cknyh dh /kkuh] flgkyh[kqnZ] vkSj >kM+ksnk] nkSlk ftys esa ukxyeh.kk] t;iqj ftys esads'kokuk vkSj Hkjriqj ftys esa lsoj dh igpku blds eq[;dsaæ ds :i esa dh xbZA bldh Hkh"k.krk ;g n'kkZrh gS fdjktLFkku esa ljlksa dh [ksrh ds fy, Ldysjksf'k;e ruk xyu,d xaHkhj [krjs ds :i esa mHkj jgk gSA izfrjks/kh {kerkvkdyu esa] 10 fdLeksa] uker% ,u-ih-lh- 9] fdj.k] iwlkdfj'ek] ih-vkj- 45] iwlk fot;] ,p-lh- 2] iwlk ljlksa 21]iwlk ljlksa 24] ck;ks okbZ-,l-vkj- vkSj vkj-th-,u- 48 esa 5çfr'kr ls de çdksi ns[kk x;k vr% bUgsa çfrjks/khdgk x;kA

mÙkjk[kaM ds e/; x<+oky igkM+h {ks= esa vusd lfCt;ksa]tSls iÙkkxksHkh] dSfIlde vkSj vnjd] gfj;k.kk jkT; esaf'keyk fepZ vkSj dukZVd jkT;] esa yky fepZ ds fy, vkbZ-ih-,e- çfr:idksa dk fodkl vkSj lR;kiu fd;k x;kAf'keyk fepZ ds fy, vkbZ-ih-,e- çfr:idksa dks viukus ijfNM+dko dh la[;k xSj&vkbZ-ih-,e- ds 13&14 dh rqyuk esa?kVdj 5&6 jg xbZ] vkSj mit fdlkuksa dh vke çFkkvksa¼180-0 fDoa@gS-½ dh vis{kk vf/kd ¼216 fDoa@gS-½ çkIr gqbZAusykgy] jk;pwj] dukZVd ¼2010&11½ esa fepZ ds fy, vkbZ-ih-,e- çfr:idksa dks viukus ij Hkh fNM+dko dh la[;k xSj&vkbZ-ih-,e- ç{ks=ksa ds 25&30 dh rqyuk esa ?kVdj 13&15 jg xbZA

vkbZ-ih-,e- D;kfj;ksa esa vkSlr mit 30-70 fDoa-@gS- rFkk'kq) ykHk :- 261204@gS- jgh tcfd xSj&vkbZ-ih-,e- esamit 25-0 fDoa-@gS- lw[kh fepZ rFkk 'kq) ykHk :- 200956@gS-çkIr gqbZ] vr% :- 60248@gS- dh c<+ksÙkjh feyh] bldsifj.kke Lo:i vkbZ-ih-,e- ç{ks=ksa esa xSj vkbZ-ih-,e- dhrqyuk esa vf/kd lh-ch-vkj- çkIr gqvkA blh çdkj] mÙkjk[kaMesa iÙkkxksHkh ds fy, tM+hikuh xkao] dSfIlde ds fy, pksifM;kyxkao vkSj vnjd ds fy, ikyh rFkk xSan xkao ds fy,vkbZ-ih-,e- rduhdh dks lR;kfir fd;k x;kA bl rduhdhesa uhe vk/kkfjr nokvksa] Vh- gkjtsfu;e vkSj ih- QyksfjlsaltSo dkjdksa dk mi;ksx] ,l- fyVwjk vkSj ih- tkbZyksLVkbZykdh vkcknh dh fuxjkuh] uk'khtho {kfr dh ns[kHkky] jksxvkSj dhVxzLr ikS/kksa dks m[kkM+dj u"V djuk] eSUdksttscvkSj uhe vk/kkfjr nokvksa dk ç;ksx 'kkfey FksA vkbZ-ih-,e-rduhdksa dks viukus ij dSfIlde ¼339150 :-@gS-½] iÙkkxksHkh¼91078 :@gS-½ vkSj vnjd ¼486688 :-@gS-½ esa ykHk çkIrgqvkA ;g fdlkuksa dh çFkkvksa ls çkIr gksus okys ykHk ¼dSfIlde151940@gS] iÙkkxksHkh 67704 :-@gS] vnjd 323248@gS-½dh rqyuk esa vf/kd jgkA

gfj;k.kk ds lksuhir esa iyMh xkao esa ifj;kstuk dhlekfIr ds ckn QwyxksHkh vkbZ-ih-,e- rduhdh ds fofHkfUu?kVdksa ij fdlkuksa dh çfrfØ;k ds ;g v/;;u ls ;g Kkrgqvk fd xkscj dh [kkn 'kks/ku ds tfj, enk esa Vh- gkjtsfu;eds vuqç;ksx vkSj ikS/k Mqcksus ls çkIr gksus okys ifj.kke dkQhmRlkgtud jgsA fdlku ulZjh dh rS;kjh ds fy, Å¡phD;kjh cukus ij jkth Fks rkfd o"kkZ esa tyHkjko u gks ldsAdhVuk'kdksa] tSls fLiukslkM] uksokyqj‚u vkSj baMksDldkcZ dhilan 90 çfr'kr FkhA dsoy 10 çfr'kr fdlku uhe vkSj 40çfr'kr yksx ,l,y,uihoh dh {kerkvksa ds çfr lger FksA

lu 2010 esa egkjk"Vª ds lkr laHkkxksa esa 28 ftyksa esaQSyh bZ&uk'khtho fuxjkuh vkSj uk'khtho çca/ku lykglsokvksa dks yxkrkj nwljs [kjhQ Qlyksa] tSls lks;kchu]dikl vkSj vjgj vkSj jch dh Qly esa pus ds fy, ykxwfd;k x;k Fkk] ftlls dqy vkenuh 738 yk[k :- jghAth-vkbZ-,l- vk/kkfjr ekufp=ksa dks 'kkfey dj osc vk/kkfjrfuxjkuh fof/k;k¡] VªSfdax vkSj fjiksfVaZx ç.kkyh dks vf/kdmUur cuk;k x;kA blesa lks;kchu] dikl] vjgj vkSj pusdh Qly ds Øe'k% 26] 39-7] 13-8 vkSj 13 yk[k gS- dks'kkfey fd;k x;k gS tks [kjhQ dh mit {ks= dk 52-8çfr'kr Hkkx FkkA lks;kchu] dikl] vjgj vkSj pus ds Øe'k%

dk;Zdkjh lkjka'k

4

NCIPM ANNUAL REPORT 2010–11

4] 5] 4 vkSj 2 ihM+dksa dh fu;fer :i ls fuxjkuh dh xbZAç{ks= MsVk ,d= djus vkSj ,u-lh-vkbZ-ih-,e- dh osclkbVds tfj, viyksM djus ds fy, Øe'k% 551] 64 vkSj 64uk'khtho ns[kHkkydrkZ] uk'khtho fuxjkuh drkZ vkSj MsVkçfof"V v‚ijsVj j[ks x,A tcfd 3 jkT; —f"k fo'o fo|ky;ksaus jkT; —f"k foHkkxksa dks 5960 ijke'kZ tkjh fd,A ;s ijke'kZ747351 y?kq lans'k lsokvksa ¼,l,e,lbZ,l½ ds tfj, fn,x, FksA ykrwj laHkkx ds ykrwj ftys] ukxiqj laHkkx dsx<+fpjkSyh ftyksa ds lkFk gh vejkorh laHkkx ds ikap ftyksa]cqy<kuk] vdksyk] vejkorh] okf'ke] vkSj ;oreky esa e/;tqykbZ vkSj e/; vxLr ds chp lks;kchu esa lsehywij vkfFkZdgkfu Lrkj ¼> 5 la[;k @eh- iafä½ ls Åij ik, x,A ykrwjds dsoy dqN rkyqdkvksa] x<+fpjkSyh vkSj vgenuxj esaLisMksiVsjk dk çdksi vkfFkZd gkfu Lrj ls Åij ik;k x;kAxMZy chVy Ng ftyksa] cqy<kuk] uanjckj] ukxiqj] /kqys]HkaMkjk vkSj o/kkZ esa fdlh&fdlh txg ns[kus dks feys FksALisMksiVsjk dk çdksi fiNys [kjhQ dh rqyuk esa bl ckj deLFkkuksa vkSj le; ds fy, jgkA flracj ds nwljs lIrkg dsnkSjku o/kkZ ftys ds lsyq ds f'koksaxkao esa gsfydksoikZ vehZtsjkvkfFkZd gkfu Lrj ls Åij ik;k x;kA dikl esa] jkT; Hkj esaleLr pw"kd ihM+dksa dh fLFkfr vkfFkZd gkfu L=j ls dejgh] ijarq vejkorh ds o/kkZ rkyqdk esa vkSj cqy<kuk] ukxiqjvkSj vkSjaxkckn ds xkaoksa esa dqN&dqN frfFk;ksa ij LisMksiVsjkdk çdksi dHkh&dHkkj ns[kus dks feykA tyxkao] ukfldvkSj vgenuxj esa vxLr ds rhljs lIrkg esa vkSj o/kkZ]vkSjaxkckn] vdksyk] cqy<kuk] fgaxksyh] ukxiqj vkSj vgenuxjesa e/; flracj dks Qqndk dk çdksi vkfFkZd gkfu Lrj lsÅij jgkA iÙkh yky gksus ds dkj.k dikl esa vkfFkZd gkfuLrj ls Åij okys xkaoksa dh la[;k mÙkjksÙkj c<+h gSA

egkjk"Vª esa vjgj vkSj pus esa uk'khtho fuxjkuh okyh48 bdkb;ksa ls Kkr gqvk gS fd vejkorh laHkkx ds lHkhftys bu nksuksa Qlyksa esa gsfydksoikZ vehZtsjk ds eq[;; dsaægSaA pus ij gs- vehZtsjk çdksi laca/kh vkfFkZd gkfu Lrj dkegRo ds vk/kkj ij ;g Øe jgk% vejkorh > ukxiqj >dksYgkiqj > ykrwj > vkSjaxkckn > iq.ks > ukfldA pus dsmdBk jksx ds fy,] egRo dk Øe vejkorh > ukxiqj >ukfld > vkSjaxkckn > iq.ks > dksYgkiqj > ykrwj jgkA

nygu ¼vjgj vkSj puk½ mit esa LFkk;h :i ls c<+ksÙkjhfd, tkus dh vfuok;Zrk dks ns[krs gq, —f"k vkSj lgdkfjrkfoHkkx ¼Mh,lh½ ds varxZr jk"Vªh; [kk| lqj{kk fe'ku

¼,u,Q,l,e½ vkSj jk"Vªh; lesfdr uk'khtho çca/ku dsaæ¼,ulhvkbZih,e½ us uk'khthoksa vkSj jksxksa ls gksus okyh gkfudks jksdus dh igy dh gSA ,d çeq[k igy ds rkSj ijuoksUesr"kh rduhdh ^bZ&uk'khtho fuxjkuh ç.kkyh** dk mi;ksxvkSj vkbZ-ih-,e- ds ?kVdksa dh miyC/krk c<+kus dk dk;Zfd;k x;kA ;g dk;ZØe Hkkjr ds 5 jkT;ksa esa jkT; ljdkjksavkSj jkT; —f"k fo'ofo|ky;ksa ds lg;ksx ls 36]000 gS- esa{ks=&O;kih lesfdr uk'khtho çca/ku ç.kkyh ds vk/kkj ijykxw fd;k x;kA blds eq[; mís'; 10 p;fur ftyksa esafdlku lgHkkfxrk ls mudh Qly ç.kkfy;ksa ds vuqdwyvkbZ-ih-,e- çfr:idksa dk çn'kZu djus ds fy, ^^dsaæh;e‚My xkao** fodflr djuk] vkbZ-ih-,e- j.kuhfr;ksa }kjkLoLFk Qly mRiknu dh fn'kk esa rduhdh lgk;dksa] ftykfodkl[kaM Lrj ds vf/kdkfj;ksa vkSj fdlkuksa dh {kerk c<+kusds fy, {kerko/kZu] ijaijkxr ¼v[kckj½ vkSj bysDVª‚fudehfM;k ds tfj, tkx#drk vfHk;kuksa dk vk;kstu vkSjuk'khtho funku ç;ksx'kkykvksa dks lq–<+ cukus ds lkFk&lkFknygu mRikndksa ds usVofdaZx ds tfj, dsaæh—r ^^jk"Vªh;uk'khtho fjiksfVaZx vkSj psrkouh ç.kkyh** dh LFkkiuk djukgSaA bl ^^bZ&jk"Vªh; uk'khtho fjiksfVaZx vkSj psrkouhflLVe** dks http://www-ncipm-org-in/A3P/UI /HOME/

Login-aspx ij ns[kk tk ldrk gSA bl v‚uykbu fjiksfVaZxç.kkyh dh lajpuk —f"k ra= esa miyC/k fu.kZ; leFkZuç.kkyh ¼Mh,l,l½ dh leh{kk vkSj {kerkvksa rFkk eksckbylapkj rduhdksa ij vk/kkfjr gSA blesa mi;ksx esa vkbZ lwpuk,¡lh/ks fdlkuksa ds [ksrksa ls ,d= dh xbZ gSa vkSj bl ikbyVdsl esa rkRdkfyd MsVk ds p;u esa lko/kkuh cjrh xbZ gS]rkfd bl flLVe dk rRdky mi;ksx Hkkjrh; fdlku ghugha] cfYd feyrs&tqyrs leL;kvksa dk lkeuk djus okys —"kd lekt ds yksx Hkh dj ldsaA bl ç.kkyh esa rhu Lrjh;vkfdZVsDpj gS ftuesa v‚uykbu MsVk çfof"V] fjiksfVaZx vkSjy?kq lans'k ç.kkyh ¼,l,e,l½ }kjk fdlkuksa dks ijke'kZ lsok'kkfey gSA

ekSle çR;kLFkh —f"k ij jk"Vªh; igy ¼,uvkbZlhvkj,½ds varxZr ^^ekSle ifjorZu ls lacaf/kr uk'khtho vkSj jksxxfrdh ij ;qfäiw.kZ vuqla/kku** dh 'kq:vkr 5 lg;ksfx;ksa¼,u-lh-vkbZ-ih-,e-] ubZ fnYyh] lh-vkj-vkbZ-Mh-,-] gSnjkckn]Mh-vkj-vkj-] gSnjkckn] vkbZ-vkbZ-,p-vkj- caxyksj] vkSj vkj-lh-bZ-vkj- ¼vkbZ-lh-,-vkj- ifjlj½] jkaph½] lg;ksxh laLFkkuksa¼Mh-th-vkj-] twukx<+ vkSj vkbZ-vkbZ-ih-vkj-] dkuiqj½] vkSj

5

5 y{; Qlyksa] /kku] vjgj] ewaxQyh] VekVj vkSj vke ds 37,-vkbZ-lh-vkj-ih- dsaæksa ds lkFk dh xbZA

vkbZ-ih-,e- midj.k] tSls & ^^ykHkdkjh dhVksa ds fy,lqjf{kr çdk'k ik'k**¼isVsaV vkosnu Øekad 1822/DEL/2010½¼vkfo”dkwjd: lqjsaæ dqekj flag vkSj vks-,e- cackokys½]^^ykHkdkjh dhVksa ds fy, midj.k** ¼isVsaV vkosnu Øekad1137/DEL/2010½ ¼vkfo"dkjd% lqjsaæ dqekj flag vkSj vks-,e-cackokys½ vkSj ^^dhVksa ds çca/ku ds fy, çdk'k ik'k**¼vkfo"dkjd% lqjsaæ dqekj flag vkSj vks-,e- cackokys½ dhfMtkbu dh xbZ vkSj bUgsa fodflr fd;k x;kA çdk'k ik'kuj vkSj eknk] nksuksa dhVksa dks lewg esa Qalkdj uk'khthoçca/ku djrk gS] ogha nwljh vksj ;g ykHknk;d dhVksa ds fy,lqjf{kr gSA ^^ykHkdkjh dhVksa ds fy, midj.k** ykHkdkjhdhVksa ds laj{k.k vkSj o/kZu ds fy, mi;ksxh gSA ,u-lh-vkbZ-ih-,e- us lkoZtfud&futh lgHkkfxrk ds varxZr bu midj.kksads O;kolkf;d mRiknu djus vkSj ljdkjh ,oa vU; futh{ks=ksa dks vkiwfrZ djus ds fy, ykblsal ^^eSllZ Qkbu VªSi¼bafM;k½] 6] lkojdj ekdsZV nÙkk pkSd] ;oreky] egkjk"Vª]fiu dksM 445001** dks tkjh fd, gSaA

bl o"kZ ds nkSjku] ,u-lh-vkbZ-ih-,e- us viuhtkx#drk&,oa&fuxjkuh dk;ZØe dks foLrr dj /kku] dikl]

nygu vkSj frygu dks 'kkfey fd;k gS rFkk 6 jkT;ksa esafuxjkuh ds ?kVdksa] ekLVj çf'k{kdksa] ç{ks= LVkQ vkSj uk'khtholykg lsok ds çcq) fdlkuksa ds fy, uk'khtho ns[kHkky]fuxjkuh vkSj MsVk çfof"V laca/kh çf'k{k.kksa dk vk;kstu fd;kgSA jk"Vªh; —f"k foKku vdkneh ¼,u,,,l½ dh ,thl vkSjHkkjrh; —f"k vuqla/kku laLFkku ¼vkbZlh,vkj½ ds lg;ksx ls^^Hkkjr esa vkbZ-ih-,e- dks çHkkoh cukuk** ij ,d fopkjkos'kcSBd dk vk;kstu fd;k x;kA ;g cSBd 29 flracj 2010dks ,u-,-,-,l] ifjlj ubZ fnYyh esa vk;ksftr dh xbZ vkSjblls uhfrxr nLrkost vkSj flQkfj'ksa çkIr gqbZaA vkbZ-,-vkj-vkbZ- ds LukrdksÙkj Nk=ksa dks f'k{k.k rFkk lHkh i.k/kkjdksa dslkFk laca/k lqpk: j[ks x,A bl dsaæ us bl o"kZ ds nkSjku]vusd xq.koÙkkiw.kZ 'kks/ki= vkSj cqysfVu fudkys] vkSj oSKkfudksaus laxksf"B;ksa@lEesyuksa esa Hkkx fy;kA le;&le; ij laLFkkkuvuqla/kku vkSj vuqla/kku lykgdkj lfefr dh cSBdsa] lewgvkSj leh{kk cSBdsa] vkSj fofHkUuk cká foÙkiksf"kr ifj;kstukvksadh dk;Z'kkykvksa dk vk;kstu fd;k x;kA laLFkku çca/kulfefr dh cSBd] fganh dk;Z'kkyk vkSj LVkQ dY;k.kxfrfof/k;ka Hkh vk;ksftr dh xbZaA bl o"kZ ds nkSjku] esgjkSyh*LFky dsaæ esa pkjfnokjh dk dk;Z iwjk dj mls fodflr fd;kx;k] vkSj vk'kk gS fd 12oha iapo"khZ; ;kstuk esa bldkfuekZ.k iwjk gks tk,xkA

dk;Zdkjh lkjka'k

6

NCIPM ANNUAL REPORT 2010–11

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

National Centre for Integrated Pest Management

is actively engaged in evolving, validating and

promoting IPM technologies for major crops besides

concentrating on e pest surveillance, issuing pest

advisories, designing innovative gadgets, developing

IPM decision making systems, and human resource

development in collaboration with state governments,

state universities, KVKs, NGOs and seed and pesticide

industries. The achievements made in these areas

during 2010-11 are presented.

In rice, development, dissemination and

popularization of location specific IPM strategies were

undertaken for both basmati and non basmati rice in

different rice agro-ecosystems of India. IPM validation

trials in Basmati rice were conducted at Bambawad

(Uttar Pradesh), Sibouli (Haryana) and Doodhali

(Uttrakhand) and at Bolena and Patara villages of

Jalandhar district (Punjab). Major components of the

IPM module included planting of ‘Dhaincha’

(Sesbania) for green manuring, seed treatment with

carbendazim, seedling root dipping in Pseudomonas

(5ml/litre of water), planting of 2-3-seedlings/ hill,

optimum dose of fertilizer (60 N:50 P:40 K kg per ha)

and ZnSO4 @ 25 Kg/ha, installation of pheromone

traps for YSB monitoring, systematic monitoring for

insect pests, diseases and natural enemies, need based

application of pesticides (tricyclazole for blast,

streptocycline for BLB, buprofezin for BPH) and

bioagents (Trichogramma japonicum), manual weed

management and installation of straw bundles (20/ha).

Validation of IPM module for non Basmati rice was

undertaken in collaborative mode with NDUAT,

Faizabad, PAU, Ludhiana (Punjab), CRRI, Cuttack,

CRURRS, Hazaribagh and VPKAS, Almora

(Uttarakhand). Major pest problems of basmati rice

were yellow stem borer, leaf folder, Bakanae , sheath

blight, brown spot and blast.

Major insect pests and diseases in non basmati rice

were stem borer, leaf folder, gundhi bug, blast, sheath

blight and brown spot. IPM interventions included the

trimming of bunds, summer ploughing and destruction

of crop residue, seed treatment, timely planting

(before 15th July) in well puddle fields at recommended

spacing, clipping of seedling tips before planting, weed

management, balanced use of fertilizers including Zn,

proper water management, monitoring of pest

incidence at weekly interval, installation of pheromone

traps and light trap to monitor the phototrophic pests

and need based release of T. japonicum for stem borer

and need based application of pesticides.

Implementation of IPM in both basmati and non

basmati rice resulted in 50-60 per cent reduction in

pesticide sprays and higher economic gains as

compared to farmers practice. Higher incidence of

natural enemies and lower incidence of insect pests

and diseases was recorded in IPM fields as compared

to Farmers’ Practices (FP).

Field survey undertaken for rice diseases across 14

different rice growing regions of Punjab indicated trace

incidence of sheath rot in Patiala and of BLB at

Amritsar, Sangrur, and Patiala and 5% incidence of

bacterial leaf spot at Fatehgarh Sahib. Sheath blight

(SB) and Foot rot (FR) were found at most of the

locations ranging from traces to 20%. Incidence of

False smut (FS) and Blast was not recorded at Ferozpur,

Jalandhar, Fatehgarh Sahib and Moga whereas at other

locations FS was noted up to 5% (Ludhiana) and 10%

(Sangrur and Bathinda).

On farm development and validation of the eco

friendly IPM practices on Bt cotton using cv. Bio-6488

Bt in North cotton growing zone (Sirsa, Harynana)

had given twice the monetary benefits (Rs 1,23,750/

ha) and reduced insecticide use over farmer practices

(Rs 85,543/ha). In this region, incidence of mirids,

Campylomma livida and damage caused by it during

the boll development period resulted in significant

reduction of boll weight and the number of seeds/

boll at harvest, emphasizing the need for its monitoring

and management on Bt cotton. CLCV infested plants

had 80 - 85% reduced number of harvestable bolls over

7

disease free plants of Bt cotton. Also, the perpetuation

of Spodoptera litura and Helicoverpa armigera on weeds

of Bt cotton fields and their movement later on to

cotton requires Bt resistance management put in place.

Use of castor as a trap crop for management of S. litura

appears unsuitable in the North cotton

agroecosystems, because of its complete de

skeletonization by Achaea janata.

Jassids attaining pest status at Khandwa (MP:

Central zone), Banswara (Rajasthan: North zone) and

Anand (Gujarat: Central zone) during early, mid and

late crop growth phases was noted for cotton season

2010-11. Population of other sap feeders viz., thrips

and whiteflies were below economic threshold levels

across all the 14 centres of three cotton growing zones

of the country.

In central Indian rainfed cotton, the mean

reduction of bollworm damage was 45 times on Bt over

conventional cotton hybrids. Non significant

differences for sap feeders but for mirids, and increased

population of general predators for Bt over pre Bt

periods were observed. Changing scenario of cotton

sap feeders (jassids, thrips and mirids) and effect of

medium term climatic variability under central Indian

conditions revealed absence of direct effect of climatic

variability on these insects.

Scenario of host plants of cotton mealybug

Phenacoccus solenopsis revealed 71, 141, 124 and 194

species of plants belonging to 27, 45, 43 and 50 families

in respect of North, Central, and South and across all

cotton growing zones. Seasonality of host plants of P.

solenopsis showed their higher number during offseason

(Central (73) > South (52) > North (26)), followed

by crop and off seasons across all three zones. Severity

of Grade 1 hosts across the country (81 nos) indicated

their role towards carryover and then perpetuation of

P. solenopsis. The number of hosts of P. solenopsis with

extreme severity was of the order Central (37) >South

(19) >North (17). Spatial distribution of alternate

hosts of P. solenopsis was at diverse locations at Central

followed by North and South Zones. Thirteen of field

and 10 of roadside located hosts were common across

all zones. General and zone specific P. solenopsis

management strategies were evolved for easy and

effective management and eight host plants were

identified as crucial for mealybug management across

the country.

Development and validation of location specific

IPM for groundnut was taken up for the second

consecutive year during 2010-11 at Hanumangarh,

Udaipur districts in Rajasthan and Kadiri in AP

through Farmer’s Field Schools (FFS’s) and Farmer

Field Day, display of Visual- Aids and publicity through

print & electronic media. Major diseases recorded were

, Collar rot, stem rot/dry rot/PSND, early leaf spot

and late leaf spots , leaf miner, thrips, white grubs and

termites. Implementation of IPM module resulted

lowering of pest incidence and higher economic returns

at all the location. The total returns (Rs/ha ) for IPM

fields of ground nut were76,076, 52,465 and 29,669

at Hanumangarh, Vallbhnagar, Udaipur in Kadiri

mandal , respectively as compared to 44,252, 36,696

and 24,518 in FP.

Sustainability and impact studies of IPM

technology (mustard) implemented in villages of

Navgaon and Alwar districts of Rajasthan during 2007-

08 and 2008-09 were conducted during 2010-11. One

hundred and forty four farmer families in the villages

who grow mustard in Rabi season in 142 ha area were

surveyed. In this village, 90 per cent farmers had sown

mustard crop at recommended time of sowing i.e.,

between 15th

to 25th

Oct., 2010, 55 per cent farmers

used seed treatment with Trichoderma viride @ 10 gm/

kg seed and more than ten per cent farmers have also

done handpicking of aphid infected twigs from border

of the field.

An eco-friendly IPM module comprising of the

proper spacing of 30 cm as compared to 22.5cm

(general farmers’ practices) and proper seed rate 80

kg/ha against 100 kg/ha in FP, use of sex pheromones

@ 5 traps/ha for mass trapping of adult population of

S. litura, application of Sl NPV and need based

application of safer chemical insecticides was

developed and validated in 50 ha area of soybean in

village Dungerja in Kota district, Rajasthan for soybean

cultivated during Kharif. The higher yield (13.03 q/

ha) in IPM fields was obtained over farmers’ practices

(11.5 q/ha).

A field survey was conducted in different villages

of Sriganganagar, Hanumangarh Alwar, Bharatpur,

Executive Summary

8

NCIPM ANNUAL REPORT 2010–11

Dausa and Jaipur districts of Rajasthan and

Mohindergarh, Rohtak and Gurgaon districts of

Haryana for Sclerotinia stem rot of mustard. The survey

revealed that Sclerotinia sclerotiorum is a serious threat

to mustard cultivation in all surveyed districts and

alarming situation has been recorded at some places.

Incidence and severity ranged from 1.0 – 90 per cent

with 1.0 - 4.0 grades, respectively. Chak 2MM

Dhirangawali, 25F Gulaibewala and 40F Nanaksar

Srikaranpur in Sriganaganagar district, Mohmmadpur,

Teekari, Dhankhera, Badli ki dani, Sihali Khurd and

Jharodain Alwar district, Nagalmeena in Dausa district

Keshwana in Jaipur district and Sewar in Bharatpur

district were identified as hot spots. The severity shows

Sclerotinia stem rot is emerging as a serious threat to

mustard cultivation in Rajasthan. In virulence

assessment, ten varieties namely NPC 9, Kiran, Pusa

Karisma, PR 45, Pusa Vijay, HC 2, Pusa Mustard 21,

Pusa Mustard 24, Bio YSR and RGN 48 showed less

than 5 per cent incidence were termed as resistant.

Development and validation of IPM Module in

several vegetables viz., cabbage, capsicum and Ginger

in Mid Garwal hill area of Uttrkahnd, for bell pepper

in state of Haryana and hot pepper in state of

Karnataka was conducted. The adoption of IPM

technology in bell pepper resulted in reduction of the

number of sprays to 5-6 from 13-14 in non-IPM fields

, higher yields of 216 q/ ha in IPM over Farmers’

practices (180.0 q/ ha ). Implementation of IPM

technology in chillies in Nelahal, Raichur, Karnataka

(2010-11) also helped in reduction of number of

chemical pesticide sprays to 13-15 as against 25-30 in

non-IPM fields. IPM plots recorded an average yield

of 30.70 q/ha with a net profit of Rs. 261204/- as against

25.0 q/ha of dry chilli with a net profit of Rs. 200956/

-, a gain of Rs. 60248/- over non-IPM resulting in the

higher CBR in IPM as against non-IPM fields,

respectively. Similarly, adoption of IPM technology

comprising of application of bio agents T. harzianum

and P. fluorescence,on of neem based formulation,

monitoring of population of S.litura and P.xylostella,

scouting of pest damage, uprooting and destruction of

diseases and insect infected plants need based

application of mancozeb was validated for cabbage in

Jadipani village, for capsicum in Chopdiyal village and

for ginger in Pali and Gaind villages of Uttrakhand.

Adoption of the IPM technology resulted higher

economic gains in capsicum (Rs 339150/ha) cabbage

(Rs 91078/ha) and ginger (Rs 486688/ha) over farmers

practice (capsicum Rs 251940/ha, cabbage Rs 67704/

ha, ginger Rs 323248/ha).

Studies on farmers’ response to various

components of the IPM technology in cauliflower in

Palari village of Sonipat of Haryana after withdrawal

of the project showed overwhelming response to

adoption application of T. harzianum in soil through

FYM amendment and as seedling dip. Farmers were

convinced with the preparation of the raised bed for

preparation of nursery to avoid water logging

conditions during rains. Choice of insecticides such

as spinosad, novaluron and indoxcarb was 90 per cent.

Only 10 per cent farmers were convinced about the

efficacy of the neem and use of Sl NPV was up to 40

per cent.

E pest surveillance and pest management

advisories across 28 districts among seven divisions of

Maharashtra was implemented during 2010 for the

second consecutive season on Kharif crops viz.,

soybean, cotton and pigeon pea, and Rabi crop of

chickpea with a total outlay of 783 lakhs. The web

based surveillance methods, tracking and reporting

systems have been improvised with integration of GIS

based maps. An area of 26, 39.7, 13.8 and 13 lakh ha

of soybean, cotton, pigeonpea and chickpea was

covered representing 52.8% of the Kharif cropped area.

Four, five, four and two pests in respect of soybean,

cotton, pigeon pea and chickpea were monitored

regularly. Pest scouts, pest monitors and data entry

operators numbering 551, 64 and 64, respectively were

engaged for field data collection and uploads via

NCIPM’s website. While three State Agricultural

Universities (SAUs) issued 5960 advisories the State

Department of Agriculture disseminated the advisories

through 7487351short mail services (SMSes). Above

economic threshold occurrence of semilooper (> 5

nos/ m row) on soybean was observed among five

districts of Amravati division viz., Buldhana, Akola,

Amravati, Washim and Yeotmal besides Latur and

Gadchiroli districts of Latur and Nagpur divisions

between mid July and mid August. Spodoptera

incidence above ETL was noticed only at some talukas

of Latur, Gadchiroli and Ahmadnagar. Girdle beetle

9

was sporadic and occurred at six districts viz.,

Buldhana, Nandurbar, Nagpur, Dhule, Bhandara and

Wardha. The incidence of Spodoptera was minimal

over space and time during current Kharif over the

previous season. Helicoverpa armigera was observed

above ETL at Sheongaon village of Selu in Wardha

district during second week of September. In cotton,

overall sucking pest situation was below ETL across

the state but for occasional incidence of Spodoptera

on few dates at Warud taluka of Amravati and rarely

at villages of Buldhana, Nagpur and Aurangabad.

Jassid incidence was above ETL in Jalgaon, Nasik and

Ahmednagar districts during third week of August and

in Wardha, Aurangabad, Akola, Buldhana, Hingoli,

Nagpur and Ahmednagar during mid September. The

progressively increasing number of villages above ETL

for cotton has exclusively been due to the leaf

reddening.

Pest surveillance through 48 units at Maharashtra

on pigeonpea and chickpea indicated all districts of

Amravati division to be hotspots for Helicoverpa

armigera on both the crops. The order of importance

based on H. armigera ETL based incidence on chickpea

was: Amravati > Nagpur > Kolhapur > Latur >

Aurangabad >Pune > Nasik. For chickpea wilt

occurrence, the order of importance was Amravati >

Nagpur > Nasik > Aurangabad > Pune > Kolhapur

> Latur.

Visualizing the emergent need to increase pulse

production (pigeon pea and chick pea) in a sustainable

manner, National Food Security Mission (NFSM) and

National Centre for Integrated Pest Management

(NCIPM) under the ambit of Department of

Agriculture and Co-operation (DAC) took the

initiative to prevent losses due to pests and diseases.

Major initiative was use of innovative technology “e-

Pest Surveillance system” and facilitating the

availability of IPM components, The porgramme was

implemented on 36,000 ha based on Area-wide

Integrated Pest Management System in collaboration

with state governments and state agricultural

university in 5 states of India. Major objectives were

to develop “Nuclear Model Villages” in 10 selected

districts for demonstrating IPM modules in farmers’

participatory mode to suit their cropping systems,

capacity building of technical assistants, district/block

level officers and farmers to enhance their capabilities

towards healthy crop production through IPM

strategies, awareness campaigns through conventional

(print) and electronic media and establishment of

centralized “National Pest Reporting and Alert System”

through networking of pulse growers, in addition to

strengthening of pest diagnostic laboratory. The “e-

National Pest reporting and alert system” can be

accessed at http:// www.ncipm.org.in/A3P/UI/HOME/

Login.aspx. The structure of this online reporting

system is based on review and capabilities of available

Decision Support System (DSS) in agricultural system

and mobile communication technologies. The

information used has been collected directly from the

farmer’s fields and real time data have been selected

carefully in the pilot case so that the system can be of

immediate use not only by Indian farmers but also

members of the farming community facing similar

problems. The system has three tier architecture with

facilities of online data entry, reporting, and advisory

to farmers through short messaging system (SMS).

“Strategic Research for Pest and Disease dynamics

in relation to climatic Change” under National

Initiative on Climate Resilient Agriculture (NICRA)

has been initiated with five partner institutions

(NCIPM, New Delhi, CRIDA, Hyderabad, DRR,

Hyderabad, IIHR, Bangalore, and RCER (ICAR

complex)), Ranchi, collaborating institutions (DGR,

Junagadh and IIPR, Kanpur) and thirty seven AICRP

centers of the five target crops viz., rice, pigeonpea,

groundnut, tomato and mango.

The IPM tools viz., - “Light trap safer to beneficial

insects” (Patent application No. 1822/DEL/2010)

(inventors: Surender Kumar Singh and O.M.

Bambawale), “Device for beneficial insects” (Patent

application No. 1137/DEL/2010) (inventors: Surender

Kumar Singh and O.M.Bambawale) and “Light trap

for managing insects” (inventors: Surender Kumar

Singh and O.M.Bambawale) were designed and

developed. Light trap manages the pest by mass

trapping of both the sexes and on the other hand it is

safer to the beneficial insects.The “Device for

beneficial insects” is helpful for conservation and

enhancement of the population of beneficial insects.

Executive Summary

10

NCIPM ANNUAL REPORT 2010–11

NCIPM has issued the licenses of these equipments

to “M/S Fine Traps (India), 6 Sawarkar Market Datta

Chowk, Yavatmal, Maharashtra, Pin code 445001”

under Public-Private Partnership for commercial scale

production and marketing to Govt. as well as private

sector.

During the year, NCIPM expanded its awareness-

cum-surveillance programmes covering crops of rice,

cotton, pulses and oilseeds, and organized trainings

for pest scouts, monitors and data entry operators on

components of surveillance, and to master trainers,

field staff and elite farmers on pest advisory

dissemination across six States. A brainstorm meeting

on “Making IPM Effective in India” was organized

under the aegis of National Academy of Agricultural

Sciences (NAAS) in association with Indian Council

of Agricultural Research (ICAR) was held on

29th September 2010 at the premises of NAAS,

New Delhi and brought out policy document and

recommendations. Teaching of post graduate students

of IARI and linkage with all the stakeholders of public

and private institutions was maintained. During the

year, the centre has brought out many quality research

papers and bulletins, and the scientists participated in

symposia/conferences. Institute research and

research advisory committee meetings, group and

review meetings and workshops of various externally

funded projects were held from time to time.

Institute management committee meeting, Hindi

workshops and staff welfare activities were also held.

During the year, centre development at the ‘Mehrauli’

site took place with completion of fencing, and awaits

to take its full fledged structure during the XII five

year plan.

11

INTRODUCTION

Deployment of crop varieties with little or no

resistance to pests, among other reasons, during the

past decades has resulted in our witnessing a large

number of epidemics of pests and enlargement of

endemic and chronic pest problems across different

geographic regions threatening the food and livelihood

security of the country. The current declining trends

of agricultural production need to be sloped up in the

face of not only the increasing demands from

burgeoning population but also global consciousness

on account of quality food supply. The present level of

food grain production requires at least 30% increase

to meet the need for food grins by the end of 2030.

This is attainable through multisectoral efforts

including the mitigation of pre- and post production

stress from abiotic and biotic factors. Among biotic

factors the losses due to pests amounting to

approximately 18% can be brought down by at least

10% through pragmatic handling of the pest situations.

National centre for integrated pest management

is paving the way to evolve pest management strategies

for important crops such as rice, cotton, pulses, oilseeds

and vegetables using proven technologies which are

economically viable and easily adoptable. IPM in each

of these commodities is being taken forward

systematically involving rigorous farm level validation

and then area wide promotion.

In rice, development, dissemination and

popularization of location specific IPM strategies was

undertaken for both basmati and non basmati rice in

different rice agro-ecosystem of India spreading in UP,

Punjab, Haryana, Uttrakhand and Orissa. There was

around 50-60 per cent reduction in pesticide sprays in

IPM as compared to the farmers’ practices (FP).

Implementation of IPM in both basmati and non

basmati established that it has the potential of

providing higher economic gains as compared to

farmers practice. Straw bundle technology for

conservation of spiders in rice that facilitated the

conservation of natural enemies (spiders) by providing

hiding places was further demonstrated and

disseminated at farmer’s fields.

Problem of emerging pests in Bt cotton is another

area that needed attention in order to sustain the

present level of cotton productivity or make

accelerated efforts to achieve higher level of growth

in productivity. Seasonality studies of host plants of

cotton mealybug, Phenacoccus solenopsis revealed

presence of a large number of host plants in the cotton

growing season in all the three zones warranting

sustained efforts to keep a check on its population and

prevent its cross over to cotton crop during the season.

It has also been found to possess diversified niche.

Mirid (Campylomma livida) is another important pest

of Bt cotton found to cause substantial damage to

developing bolls in North zone states as well. Studies

also revealed that CLCV infested plants had 80 - 85%

reduced number of harvestable bolls over disease free

plants of Bt cotton.

Vegetables form important components of the diet

of majority of Indians and their farm gate samples have

been reported to be laced with pesticide residues. The

problem of pesticide residues is more serious in the off

season cultivated vegetables. It needed due attention

and in this context pest management strategies for

important vegetable such as cauliflower cultivated in

rainy season in Palari village of Sonipat district of

Haryana were developed, validated and disseminated.

In the state of Uttrakhand, which has been declared

organic state, IPM technology was validated for

important vegetables like ginger, capsicum and cabbage

in different villages of Ranicahuri district in

collaboration with GBPUA&T Pant Nagar Hill

campus, Ranichauri. Similarly, location specific IPM

technology for spice crop chili was validated in Nelahal

(Raichur Distt.), Karnataka. Major thrust of IPM

technology was on raising nursery on raised bed, use

of bio agents, scouting of pest damage and replacement

12

NCIPM ANNUAL REPORT 2010–11

of old insecticides to which the pest has developed

resistance with new and effective insecticides.

From ecological perspective, pest scenario is fast

changing due to change in climate, technological

innovations of crop production and plant protection

technologies in manmade agro ecosystems which are

governed by market forces, interests of consumers and

producers. In the current context of changed climate,

technological innovations, including those of pest

management and their implementation is undergoing

fast transformations. To capture such changes in pest

scenario and for development of strategies for reducing

pest densities, increased surveillance of the pests across

the length and breadth of the country is essential for

implementing various pest management options. It is

the one area that can have pervasive and all-cascading

effect. Pest-surveillance based decision making systems

for pest management would help not only in addressing

the regions with serious and specific problems but

would help in convergence of all the resources

including involvement of the state government

personnel in addressing such problems in a focused

manner. The Maharashtra CROPSAP (Crop Pest

Surveillance and Advisory Programme under RKVY)

was successfully implemented for the second year of

2010-11 and is likely to be a regular feature of the

State’s efforts in the coming years. CROPSAP of

Maharashtra became a role model for its adoption in

other States. Awareness-cum surveillance programme

for the management of major pests of rice such as the

swarming caterpillar sponsored by RKVY was

successfully carried out in 2010 Kharif season in 13

districts of Orissa jointly by State Agriculture

Department (Orissa), Institute of Management of

Agricultural Extension (Orissa), NCIPM (New Delhi),

Central Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, CIPMC,

Bhubaneshwar and Orissa University of Agriculture

and Technology, Bhubaneshwar. DAC, GOI gave a

major responsibility of developing a model system of

pest management in pulses to NCIPM in 2010-11

under Accelerated Pulses Production Programme

(A3P) with a goal to create a common national

surveillance platform to identify trends, formalize

known thumb rules, and target information collecting

to identify ‘hotspots’.

Introduction of exotic pests, changing host

preference, development of new biotypes and altered

response of the pest management options, are some of

the effects of climate change. To capture the changes

in pest dynamics, new research initiative “Strategic

Research for Pest and Disease dynamics in relation to

climatic Change” has been initiated with five partner

institutions (NCIPM, New Delhi, CRIDA, Hyderabad,

IIHR, Bangalore, DRR, Hyderabad and RCER (ICAR

complex), Ranchi, three collaborating institutions

(IARI, New Delhi, DGR, Junagadh and IIPR, Kanpur)

and thirty seven AICRP centers of the five target

crops viz., rice, pigeonpea, groundnut, tomato and

mango under National Initiative on Climate Resilient

Agriculture (NICRA).

With the initiatives of high order successfully

carried out, NCIPM needs to develop its own logistic

support as well. The Centre has already taken

possession of the allotted land at institutional area near

Mehrauli and with a boundary wall in place and a semi-

permanent farm office and training facility to come

up by the year 2011 end, the Centre is all set to take

on further additional responsibilities in plant

protection.

13

Development, dissemination and

popularization of location specific IPM

strategies in different rice agro-ecosystem of

India

Validation of IPM technology was undertaken for

both bansmati as well as non-Bansamti rice. The results

obtained are presented as follows.

Basmati rice

IPM validation trials in Basmati rice were conducted

at Bambawad (Uttar Pradesh), Sibouli (Haryana),

Doodhali (Uttrakhand), Bolena and Patara (Punjab).

Bambawad (UP) and Sibouli (Haryana)

Bambawad village is situated about 90 km away

from IARI, New Delhi. Rice and wheat are the major

crops of the village and majority of the farmers grow

Pusa 1121 (yet to be declared as basmati variety)

followed by Sharabati and Pusa Sugandh of Basmati

rice in the village. Major pest problems of rice are

yellow stem borer, leaf folder, Bakanae and blast.

Farmers make 3-5 sprays of chemical pesticides

(endosulphan/phorate/monocrotophos/cartap

hydrochloride) for containing damage due to insect

pests and diseases. Higher doses (220 kg N, 40P) than

the recommended doses of nitrogenous fertilizers are

applied by the farmers.

Validation trial for IPM in farmers’ participatory

mode in Pusa Basmati 1121 was conducted in 40 ha

and 50 ha in Bambawad and Sibouli, respectively

involving 25 farmer families in each village. Major

components of the IPM module included planting of

‘Dhaincha’ (Sesbania) for green manuring, seed

treatment with carbendazim, seedling root dipping in

Pseudomonas (5ml/litre of water), planting of 2-3-

seedlings/ hill, optimum dose of fertilizer (60 N:50

P:40 K kg per ha) and ZnSO4 @ 25 Kg/ha, installation

of pheromone traps for YSB monitoring, systematic

monitoring for insect pests, diseases and natural

enemies, need based application of pesticides

(tricyclazole for blast, streptocycline for BLB,

buprofezin for BPH) and bioagents (Trichogramma

japonicum) and manual weed management. In addition

to these components installation of straw bundles (20/

ha) for enhancing spider population was also involved

at Sibouli. The farmers’ practices involved no green

manuring and no seed treatment, planting of 7-8

seedlings /hill, higher doses of fertilizer (220 N: 40 P:

0 K kg per ha), no pest monitoring and 3-5 application

of chemical pesticides.

The results indicated reduced incidence of insect

pests and diseases in IPM as compared to Farmers’

Practices (FP) (Table 1). There was reduction in

pesticide sprays in IPM as compared to FP.

Implementation of IPM resulted in higher spider

population (beneficial), paddy yield and benefit/ cost

(B/C) ratio as compared to FP (Table 2).

Doodhli (Uttarakhand)

IPM validation trail was taken up in 20 ha area at

village Doodhli near Dehradun (Uttarakhand) with

variety Type 3 (Dehraduni Basmati) and Kasturi. Stem

borer and blast were the major pests. IPM interventions

included planting of ‘Dhaincha’ for green manuring,

seed treatment with carbendazim, planting of 2-3-

seedlings/ hill, judicious application of fertilizer (60 N:

50 P: 40 K kg/ ha) and ZnSO4 @ 25 Kg/ha, monitoring

for insect pests, diseases and natural enemies, need

based application of pesticides (Tricyclazole for blast,

RICE

14

NCIPM ANNUAL REPORT 2010–11

Table 1. Pest incidence (Range) in rice in IPM and Farmers’ Practices (FP) at Bambawad and Sibouli

Pest IPM FP IPM FP Insect pests Bambawad (Location I) Sibouli , Haryana (Location II)Stem borer (%) 2.1-6.4 (4.5) 5.4-21.3 (14.5) Tr. -4.5 (1.87) 4.3-14.5 (9.6)Leaf folder (%) 4.5-15.6 (8.7) 10.2-32.a5 (21.3) 3.2-6.5 (4.5 ) 3.4-10.8 (8.6 )BPH (/leaf) 4.5-15.6 (7.5) 12.5-103.6 (35.5) Tr.-13.2 (7.78 ) 10.2-52.6 (32.5 )DiseasesNeck Blast (%) 2.3-5.8 (4.5) 8.5-15.4 (12.3) 2.1-5.6 (3.46) 3.5-9.4 (7.85 )BLB (%) 2.3-6.5 (4.2) 5.4-14.5 (11.3) 2.3-7.6 (4.9 ) 4.5-15.2 (12.6)Sheath Blight (%) Tr-3.3 (1.2) 3.2-8.7(6.5) Tr. 1.2-5.9 (4.6)Bakanae (%) Tr. 10.2-51.2 (28.3) Tr. 5.3-40.3 (23.4 )

(Figures in parentheses indicate mean values)

Table 2. Mean number of spiders, number of pesticide application, economics and seed yield of rice in IPM and Farmers’Practices (FP) at Bambawad and Sibouli villa

Variables IPM FP IPM FP Bambawad (Location I) Sibouli , Haryana (Location II)

Spiders (no. per hill) 12.5 4.5 7.4 2.3Pesticide sprays (No.) 1 3.6 1.5 4.6Total Cost (Rs./ha.) 20880 21305 20050 22850Mean Yield (q/ha) 33.15 16.15 48.50 38.50Total returns (Rs./ha.) 79560 38760 116400 92400Net returns (Rs./ha.) 58680 17455 96350 69550Benefit /Cost Ratio 3.81 1.82 1:5.80 1:4.04

Market Rate of paddy Rs. 2400/- per q

Table 3. Pest incidence in IPM and Farmers’ Practices (FP) at Doodhali

Pest IPM Range (Av.) FP Range (Av.)Kasturi Type 3 Kasturi Type 3

Stem borer 1.8-4.2 (3.15 ) 2.9-6.7 ( 4.25) 4.9-8.7 (6.85) 5.6-12.7 (9.15 )Leaf folder 1.4-4.7 ( 2.7) 3.7-6.2 (4.8 ) 3.6-8.2 (5.4) 4.8-11.4 (8.9 )Neck Blast 3.2-9.7 ( 8.25) 3.1-8.9 (7.15 ) 8.5-18.9 13.15) 7.5-17.8 ( 14.25)Brown spot 3.1-9.2 ( 7.45) 4.8-9.8 (8.35 ) 4.6-13.5(11.85) 7.2-16.9 (14.75 )

Table 4. Number of spiders, pesticides application, yield and economics in Type - 3 and Kasturi varieties of rice in IPM andFarmers’ Practices (FP) at Doodhali

Variables IPM FPType-3 Kasturi Type-3 Kasturi

Spiders (per hill) 4.6 4.2 5.2 4.3Pesticides spray 1.3 1.0 1.0 -Total Cost (Rs. /ha.) 16005 16705 18245 18950Mean Yield (q/ha) 32.20 65.15 27.85 46.00Total returns (Rs. /ha.) 80500 85040 69625 74560Net returns (Rs. /ha.) 64495 68335 51380 55610Cost Benefit Ratio 1:5.03 1:5.09 1:3.85 1:3.93

Rate of paddy: Type 3 -2500/q and Kasturi Rs. 1600/

streptocycline for BLB) and bioagents (T. japonicum

for YSB) and manual weed management. The FP

involved no green manuring and seed treatment,

planting of 7-8 seedlings /hill, low doses of fertilizer

(20 N: 40 P: 0 K kg/ha) and no monitoring of insect

pests, beneficial organisms and diseases. IPM

interventions resulted reduction in the incidence of

insect pests and diseases (Table 3) with an increase in

the yield as well as B/C ratio in both the varieties

(Table 4).

15

Bolena and Patara (Punjab)

IPM interventions for bansmati rice validated at

Bolena and Patara villages of Jalandhar district

(Punjab) included the use of healthy disease

free seed, seed treatment with Bavistin (0.1 %) +

Streptocycline (0.01 %), seedling dip treatment with

fungicides, roughing of foot rot infected seedlings in

nursery, application of recommended doses of

fertilizers, monitoring of diseases and need based

application of fungicides and insecticides. IPM

components helped in reducing disease and insect pest

incidence and provided higher yield in Pusa Basmati-

1121 (36.75 q/ha) as compared to FP (34.25, q/ha)

(Table 5).

and in 5.2 ha at Masera village (Faizabad district).

Termites, mole cricket, stem borer, blast and sheath

blight were the main pests of the area. IPM

interventions included the trimming of bunds, summer

ploughing and destruction of crop residue, seed

treatment, timely planting (before 15th July) in well

puddle field at recommended distance, clipping of

seedlings tips before planting, weed management,

balance use of fertilizers including Zn, proper water

management, monitoring of pest incidence at weekly

interval, installation of pheromone traps and need

based release of Trichogramma japonicum for stem borer

and application of insecticide for Gundhi bug. Result

of the trial indicated higher yield and economic gains

in IPM as compared to FP at both the locations

(Table 6).

PAU, Ludhiana

IPM validation trial was conducted at Bolena and

Patara villages in Jalandhar district with PR 120 (non

Basmati) in 40 ha involving 40 farmers. IPM

interventions included the use of healthy disease free

seed, seed treatment with Emisan-6 (0.05 %) +

Streptocycline (0.01 %), application of recommended

doses of fertilizers, monitoring of diseases and need

based application of fungicides and insecticides. IPM

components helped in reducing disease and insect pest

incidence and provided higher yield (70.10 q/ha) as

compared to FP (67.77 q/ha) (Table 7).

VPKAS Almora

IPM validation trial was conducted in 5 ha with

four verities i.e. Taichang, Thapachini, Pant Dhan12

and local at village Raulshera. Major insect pests and

diseases were stem borer, leaf folder, blast and brown

spot. IPM interventions included the application of

recommended doses of fertilizers both in nursery and

Table 5. Pest incidence and yield (per ha) in Basmati ricecultivated under IPM and Farmers’ Practices (FP) in Bolenaand Patara villages of Jalandhar district (Punjab)

Parameters PUSA 1121IPM (%) FP (%)

Sheath blight Tr. 13.43Brown spot Tr. 13.75False smut - -Bakanae Tr. 3.15Yield (q/ha) 36.75 34.25

Table 6. Yield and economics (per ha) in IPM and Farmers’ Practices (FP) at Gaura Bara Mau and Masera villages

Variables IPM FPGaura Bara Masera Gaura Bara Masera

Total cost (all inputs) 21237 19544 17400 17140Mean Yield (q/ha) 79.6 82.5 64.2 68.0Total Returns 80396 83325 64842 68680Net Returns 59159 63781 47442 51540Cost Benefit Ratio 1:3.78 1:4.26 1:3.72 1:4.00

Non-basmati Rice

Validation of IPM module for non Basmati rice was

undertaken in collaborative mode with NDUAT,

Faizabad, PAU, Ludhiana (Punjab), CRRI, Cuttack,

CRURRS, Hazaribagh and VPKAS, Almora

(Uttarakhand) The results are presented centre wise

NDUAT, Faizabad

Validation of IPM module was undertaken with

Hybrid Pioneer 6444 and Swarna Mansuri varieties in

5.5 ha in village Gaura Bara Mau (Sultanpur district)

Rice

16

NCIPM ANNUAL REPORT 2010–11

main fields, seedlings dipping in chlorpyriphos @

0.02% for overnight before transplantation, installation

of a light trap to monitor the phototrophic pests,

application of pesticides twice based on the %

incidence of blast/ brown spot (Table 8), release of

Trichogramma twice at 10 days interval @ 1,00,000

soon after the appearance of adults of stem borer and

leaf folder, collection and destruction of egg masses or

pest-infested plant part throughout the crop stage and

harvesting close to the ground level to avoid the

carryover of the pest to the next generation. Incidence

of insect pests and diseases was lower in IPM fields

and these also recorded higher yield. (Table 9)

(Granular formulation) are the major pesticide used

by the farmers. Literacy rate is 53 per cent and

population of the village is 3791. Yellow stem borer

(YSB) was the main insect pest while blast, sheath

blight and BLB were the main recorded diseases.

Average productivity of rice is 34.7 q/ha. Average

knowledge about IPM scored 30%. Farmers applies 80

kg N, 40kg P and Zn 5 kg/ha. In IPM, insect pests and

diseases were effectively managed (Table 10) by seed

treatment, application of Zn sulphate and application

of pesticides (Cartap granules for YSB). Substantially

higher yield of 47.8 q/ha was obtained in IPM as

compared to 34.7 q/ha in FP. B/C ratio also remained

higher in IPM (3.14) compared to FP (2.82)

(Table 11).

Field survey for pests in Punjab

Field survey was undertaken for rice diseases in

different rice growing region of Punjab (Amritsar,

Sangrur, Ludhiana, Patiala, Ferozpur, Jalandhar,

Gurdaspur, Faridkot, Hoshiarpur, Bathinda,

Kapurthala, Nawanshehar, Fatehgarh Sahib and

Table 7. Mean Pest incidence and yield of rice cultivatedunder IPM and Farmers’ Practices (FP) in Bolena and Pataravillages of Jalandhar district (Punjab)

Parameters PR 120IPM (%) FP (%)

Sheath blight Tr. 11.47Brown spot Tr. 6.67False smut Tr. 1.09Yield (q/ha) 70.10 67.77

Table 8. Application of pesticide against blast and brown spot in IPM at Raulshera village (Almora)

S. No Pesticide applied Dosage Disease incidence (%) Crop stage1 Tricyclazole 75% WP 600g/ha 4% (Blast) Mid tillering2 Mancozeb M-45 75% WP 2.5kg/ha 5% (brown spot) Panicle initiation

Table 9. Insect pests and diseases (%) and grain yield in IPM and FP at Raulshera village (Almora)

Pest Taichung Thapachni Pant Dhan - 12 LocalIPM FP IPM FP IPM FP IPM FP

Stem borer 1.2 5.2 1.0 5.4 1.0 4.1 1.2 5.2Leaf folder 0.5 2.1 5.2 1.1 5.3 2.1 5.3 2.3Leaf blast 2.1 12.4 3.1 15.3 2.1 10.5 5.1 20.4Neck blast 5.2 30.4 5.2 35.7 3.3 25.3 5.2 35.1Brown spot 2.3 25.6 2.1 30.3 5.1 20.4 5.6 30.7Grain yield (q/ha) 32.2 26.3 35.4 28.2 36.3 30.6 20.0 20.4

Table 10. Pest incidence in IPM and Farmers’ Practices (FP)at Singhampur village, Cuttack, Orissa

Parameters IPM (%) FP (%)YSB 1.99 12.6Sheath blight Tr. 9.71BLB Tr. 9.19False smut Tr. 6.82Leaf blast Tr. 4.35

CRRI, Cuttack

Singhampur village in Cuttack was selected for

conducting IPM validation trial in rice in 20 ha area

with variety Pooja. Rice is the main crop that is grown

around the year in this village. Farmers use either his

own seed or block seed or procure from CRRI, Cuttack.

Soil of the village is clay loam. Canal is the main source

of irrigation. Bavistin and the cartap hydrochloride

17

Validation and promotion of IPM strategies fornematode hotspots in different agro-climaticregions of India

IPM involving focus on the nematode managementunder participatory approach of multi-stakeholders wastaken up in active collaboration with AICRP(Nematodes) co-ordinating unit and its centre atLocations Viz. University of Agricultural Sciences(UAS) Bangaluru, Directorate of Rice ResearchHyderabad, State Agricultural Department, AICRP(Rice) Mandaya and Assam Agricultural University(AAU), Jorhat, Assam.

Location 1 : Akki hebal ( K.R. Pet, Mandya,Karnataka)

IPM module was implemented in 437 acres areacovering 167 farmers’ families where rice is grown in4000 acre area. It was estimated that majority of therice fields were infested with Meloidogyne graminincolawith initial population 320N/200cc and 18galls/plant.For management of insects chloropytiphos orimadochloprid, and for diseases, carbendazim ortricyclozole was sprayed. Components of IPM, andpest incidence and yield and economics is given intable. Number of galls/seedling and nematodepopulation were greatly lowest in treatment number 1followed by treatment 2 and 3. Treatment no. 1 alsoprovided higher yield and economic returns (Table 12).

Location 2: Danichapori, Kocharipam dergoan(Golaghat), Assam

IPM module as tested in location 1 was alsovalidated in the second location Danichapori andKocharipam, dergoan villages covering 15 and 20hectare area, respectively. M. graminicola among thenematode, whorl maggot, gundhi bug and stem boreramong insects, blast and BLB among the diseases werethe major pests.

Similar results were obtained as stated underlocation 1.

Moga). Sheath rot (SR), Bacterial leaf (BLB) and

Bacterial leaf spot (BLS), in general, were absent at

most of the locations surveyed, except incidence of

SR recorded in traces in Patiala and that of BLB at

Amritsar, Sangrur, and Patiala and 5% incidence of

BLS at Fatehgarh Sahib. Sheath blight (SB) and Foot

rot (FR) were found at most of the locations ranging

from traces to 20% (Fatehgarh Sahib) and traces to

10% (Gurdaspur), respectively. Incidence of False smut

(FS) and Blast was not recorded at Ferozpur, Jalandhar,

Fatehgarh Sahib and Moga whereas at other locations

FS ranged from traces to 5% (Ludhiana) and Blast

from traces to 10% (Sangrur and Bathinda).

Estimation of pesticide residues in Basmati Rice

Thirty samples each of rice grain and soil and eight

samples of water were collected in triplicate from IPM

and non-IPM fields of Saboli village in Sonepat and

Doodhli village in Dehradun region, for their pesticide

residue analysis. These samples were processed for

extraction, liquid-liquid partitioning and clean up

using various solvent systems and adsorbents. These

extracted samples were analyzed for; tricyclazole,

propioconazole, chlorpyrifos, hexaconazole,

pertialachlor, carbendazim and l-cyhalothrin, in

collaboration with AINP for pesticides residues. All

pesticides used at both the locations were found below

detectable limits in both.

Table 11. Yield and Economics (per ha) in IPM and Farmers’Practices (FP) at Singhampur village, Cuttack, Orissa

Parameters IPM FPTotal Cost 15188 12288Yield (q/ha) 47.8 34.7Total Return (Rs/ha) 47800 34700Net-Return (Rs./ha) 32612 22412C:B Ratio 1:3.14 1:2.82

Rice

Treatment Nursery Main fieldFNP/200cc Galls/20 No. of No. of Pl. height 1No. of dried Yield ICBRin Nursery seedlings Tillers/Pl. galls/20 (cms) shoots/m2 q/ha

T1 = Nursery bed treatment with carbofuran 135 15.66 15 100 75 8.25 47 1:1.16@0.3 gm/sq m followed by the field application@ 1.0Kg a.i/ha at 40 days after transplantingT

2= Application of Pseudomonas fluorescence 165 17.41 14 80 72.5 8.60 47 1:1.20

@20gm/m2 in nursery beds.

T3 T. viride-(10g/kg of seed as seed treatment) 192 27.16 12 90 70.2 7.39 43 1:1.10

T4 Untreated control 320 66.45 12 440 68.0 18.00 38 -Varieties viz. MTU1001, Thanu, Jyoti were taken up for the trial in all the above three treatments, O ther practices adopted were, Planting of 2-3 seedlings / hill,. Application of fer tilizers (N;P;K; 60:50:40: kg/ha) and useof 25 kg / ha ZnSO4whereever possible, pheromone traps for YSB,release of .T. joponicum. 1 due to shoot borer

Table 12: Growth parameters, Pest Severity and yield in IPM nursery and main field at Akki hebal during 2010-11

18

NCIPM ANNUAL REPORT 2010–11

COTTON

Development and validation of IPM

strategies for Bt cotton in North

IPM Module

On farm validation of the eco friendly IPM

practices on Bt cotton was done at Sirsa district of

Haryana of North cotton growing zone using cv. Bio-

6488 Bt. Two rows of non Bt cotton as refugia, one

border row of castor as an indicator crop for Spodoptera

litura, and pheromone traps for monitoring pink

bollworm (2 traps / acre) in IPM field were used. A

farmer’s field with the same hybrid was also monitored

for comparison. While the IPM farm required one

chemical and two botanical sprays against sap feeders,

farmer had used five chemical sprays with three

different chemicals. For management of S. litura at

IPM farm required single chemical spray, the farmers’

practice (FP) had mixture of insecticides. The plant

protection interventions of IPM and FP fields are

summarized in Table 1.

Status of pests and natural enemies

Incidence of the sap feeders viz., jassids, thrips

and whiteflies and the natural enemies viz., chrysopids

and spiders did not differ between IPM and FP farms

in spite of the two additional systemic chemical sprays

in the later. However, the occurrence of mirids

Campylomma livida Reuter was noted at both IPM and

FP farms. Mirid damage during the boll development

stage resulted in significant reduction in boll weight

and the number of seeds/ boll at harvest (Table 2).

During the season eight and five per cent incidence

of cotton leaf curl virus (CLCV) was observed in

respect of IPM and FP farms and all the CLCV infested

plants had highly reduced (80 - 85%) number of

harvestable bolls over CLCV free plants.

Castor plants grown around the IPM fields to serve

as trap crop for Spodoptera litura were completely

deskeletonized by the semi looper Achaea janata even

before the initiation of S. litura in the ecosystem

(Fig 1). Hence there is need to revise the

recommendation of castor as indicator crop for the

region.

The movement of the polyphagous noctuids viz.,

S. litura and Helicoverpa armigera feeding on weeds viz.,

janglee chauli (Amaranthus viridis L.) and sunberry

Table 1. Details of IPM and farmers’ practices on Bt cotton

Particulars IPM Farmers’ practices (FP)Refugia 2 rows non Bt around Bt cotton NilIndicator crop One row of castor around the field NilPest monitoring tool PBW Pheromone traps @ 5/haSpray detailsSucking pests Neem Oil ( 2 sprays) Acetamaprid Acetamaprid (2 sprays) Thiomethoxam

( 2 sprays) ImidaclopridSpodoptera litura Novuluron Acephate + NovuluronSpray for disease Nil Blue copper+ StreptocyclineNo. of sprays Four Seven

Table 2. Effect of mirid damage on harvestable bolls of Bt cotton

Field/ Crop Boll weight (g) Prob.(T< = t) Seeds/boll (nos) Prob. (T< = t) details Normal Mirid infested one-tail Normal Mirid infested one-tailBt IPM 4.56 3.26 0.004 30.6 23.7 0.003Bt FP 3.87 2.31 4.81E-05 26.8 23.6 0.032

19

(Physalis minima L.), respectively onto Bt cotton was

noticed during 2010 cotton season. S.litura larvae were

observed developing on A.viridis from July till second

week of August causing complete defoliation. Later,

larvae of S. litura moved to adjacent cotton plants

between third week of August (2 larvae/10 plants) and

first week of September (9 larvae/10 plants). Larvae

fed upon foliage, squares flowers and green bolls of Bt

cotton (Fig. 2). On the other hand, H.armigera feeding

on berries of P. minima moved onto Bt cotton and

Fig. 1. (a) Semi looper larvae feeding on castor plant; (b) Deskeletonized castor plants along Bt cotton field borders of

Fig 2. Damage by S. litura to Bt cotton (a) leaves (b) squares (c) flower and (d) bolls

A B

DC

Cotton

20

NCIPM ANNUAL REPORT 2010–11

damaged the fruiting bodies during second week of

September. In both the noctuids, the non-availability

of the food from the weed hosts had caused the

movement indicating the continuing perpetuation of

these two noctuids during the cotton season in the

agroecosystem besides its potential threat to Bt cotton

crop.

Yield and economics of IPM on Bt cotton

The validated IPM practices had reduced three

pesticide sprays, yielded 8 q/ha more of seed cotton

and fetched 1.5 times higher cost benefit ratio over

FP (Table 3).

Need for developmental interventions in terms of

pest management advisory to farmers were inferred to

avoid “pesticide treadmill” setting for Bt cotton.

IPM dissemination

For dissemination of IPM technology a total of 706

Group Meetings and 59 Farmers’ Training were

organized at different centres (Table 4) which were

attended by 8986 and 2298 farmers, respectively.

Dissemination of the information was also carried out

through by news paper (83 clippings) and radio talks

(23) by different centres. A photo library was also

established containing about 1795 photographs and

167 video clippings of different insect pests and

diseases.

Socio economic studies and Impact analysis

Under socio economic studies a total of 2367 ha

was covered under IPM programme in Bt cotton by

1392 IPM farmers in 280 villages. Area under IPM

was further increase by addition of 7102 ha by 4878

motivated farmers (Table 5 ) . Impact analysis indicated

that average number of spray carried out by IPM

farmers were 3.8 against 6.4 by non IPM farmers. Cost

of the spray per ha was Rs. 2436/- in IPM farmers

against Rs.4437/- in non IPM farmers (Table 6).

Table 3. Details of plant protection, yield and economics ofBt cotton IPM

S. Particulars IPM FPNo.1 No. of sprays 4 72 Plant protection cost (Rs/ha) 3617 43573 Cost of IPM tools (Rs/ha) 1500 5004 Yield (q /ha) 35.9 27.05 Gross income (Rs /ha)* 1,53,772 1,15,6506 Cost of cultivation (Rs/ha) 30,022 30,1077 Net profit (Rs/ha) 1,23,750 85,5438 Cost benefit ratio 1: 4.12 1: 2.84

Table 4. Group meetings, field visits, farmers’ trainings, new paper coverage and radio talks organized at different NISPMcentres for dissemination of IPM technology

S. No. Centre Group meeting/Training & Farmers’ participationVillage Group No. Of field Farmers’ News RadioMeeting (No. visits Training (No. Paper talksof farmers) Of farmers) coverage

1 Faridkot 60 (652) 30 8 (438) 15 052 Hisar 40 (965) 80 3 (300) 08 13 Banswara 09 (315) 25 - - 044 Anand 2 (80) 8 8 (350) 5 ——5 Rajkot 13 (326) 120 1 (22) 1 16 Khandwa 236 (1250) 78 1 (52) 10 47 Akola 28 (316) 74 02 (105) 02 28 Jalna 88 (1631) 125 02 (89) 06 —9 Karimnagar 44 (1018) 23 7 (100) 6 210 Guntur 40 (370) 50 1 (30) 3 211 Belgaum 40 (480) 19 3 (277) 1 -12 Perambalur 68 (978) 122 3 (175) 24 213 Ahmednagar 20 (227) 04 - - -14 Mysore 18 (378) 12 20 (360) 02

Total 706 (8906) 770 59 (2298) 83 23

21

Contribution of chemical and biological pesticides was

66.9 and 39.1 and 94.5 and 5.5 per cent by IPM and

non IPM farmers, respectively (Table 7).

Demonstration of red leaf management

strategies in the red leaf prone areas of Buldana /

Akola (Akola centre) Dr. PDKV, Akola (Buldana

centre)

Trial on demonstration of management of leaf

reddening in Bt cotton was successfully conducted at

total six locations, one each at Akola, Bhaurad, Alanda

Table 5. Socio economic studies in IPM and non IPM farmers under NISPM

S. Districts No. of No. of IPM Area under No. of Area increasedNo. villages farmers IPM (ha) motivated by motivated

farmers farmers (ha)1 Faridkot 20 92 100 235 3782 Hisar 20 100 563 615 13003 Banswara 20 100 52 465 2134 Anand 20 100 186 115 855 Rajkot 20 100 55 100 106 Khandwa 20 100 562 243 12347 Jalna 20 100 40 500 3208 Buldana 20 100 165 280 1159 Guntur 20 100 150 150 20010 Belgaum 20 100 61 329 27411 Karimnagar 20 100 273 362 78112 Perambalur 20 100 40 798 182813 Ahmednagar 20 100 80 500 29014 Mysore 20 100 40 186 74

Total 280 1392 2367 4878 7102

Table 6. Impact of IPM over non-IPM

S. No. District No. of sprays Cost of Spray (Rs/ha) Reduction in cost ofspray by IPM farmers

IPM farmers Non-IPM farmers IPM fields Non-IPM fields compared to non IPMfarmer (Rs)

1 Faridkot 4.0 7.0 2000 4375 23752 Hisar 2.6 4.8 963 2519 15563 Banswara 3.4 6.5 1315 3125 18104 Anand 3.4 6.3 1974 3317 13435 Rajkot 3 5.0 1400 1620 2206 Khandwa 4.3 6.4 4200 6300 21007 Jalna 4.0 7.0 2000 3500 15008 Buldana 3.6 4.2 1539 2110 5719 Guntur 8.0 12.0 8000 18000 1000010 Belgaum 3.0 4.2 1445 1954 50911 Karimnagar 5.0 9.0 3125 4570 144512 Perambalur 2.5 4.8 1819 3748 192913 Ahmednagar 4.0 6.0 2590 3478 88814 Mysore 3.0 6.0 1740 3508 1768

Average 3.8 6.4 2436 4437 2001

and Yavatmal and two at Kanheri Sarf. Trial at each

location included five treatments (Table 8).

Results of the trial indicated that out of six

locations, treatment T1 showed lowest per cent

intensity of red leaf whereas treatment T 3 and T 4

indicated lowest intensity at one location only i.e.

Kanheri 1 and Yavatmal, respectively. In general,

treatments T1 to T4 indicated low red leaf intensity

as compared to control (T1) (Table 9).

It was interesting to note that the highest yield

Cotton

22

NCIPM ANNUAL REPORT 2010–11

(kg/ha) at most of the locations were observed in

treatment T3 except at Bhaurad where T4

indicated the highest yield (Table 10). Treatments

T1 to T4 indicated higher yield as compared to

control (T1).

Table 7. Contribution of chemical and biological pesticides by IPM and non IPM farmers

S. No. Name of District Percent spray in IPM farmers Percent spray in Non-IPM farmers% spray chemical % spray with bio % spray % spray with

insecticide agents/ chemical bio agents/botanicals insecticide botanicals

1 Faridkot 100.0 0.0 100.0 0.02 Hisar 86.7 13.3 98.5 1.53 Banswara 75.0 25.0 100.0 0.04 Anand 77.0 23.0 100.0 0.05 Rajkot 24.3 75.7 90.5 9.46 Khandwa 80.0 20.0 95.0 5.07 Jalna 60 .0 40 .0 90 .0 10 .08 Buldana 88.6 11.4 98.5 1.59 Guntur 50.0 50.0 100.0 0.010 Belgaum 82.2 17.8 94.3 5.711 Karimnagar 75.0 25.0 100.0 0.012 Perambalur 51.0 49.0 82.0 18.013 Ahmednagar 50.0 50.0 80.0 20.014 Mysore 30.0 70.0 90.0 10.0

Average 66.9 33.1 94.5 5.5

Table 8. Treatments under red leaf management strategies

Treatment InterventionsT1 MgSo4 @ 1 % Three sprays - Pre flowering , flowering and boll settingT2 KNO3 @0.05 % Three sprays- Pre flowering , flowering and boll settingT3 Basal dose: Humic Acid, 50 Kg /ha, Calcium nitrate 25Kg/ha, sulphur 25 Kg/haThree applications of Humic

acid liquid 2.5 lit/ha/375 lit water + Calcium nitrate 2.5 at 21 days intervalT4 DAP @2% Three sprays - Pre flowering , flowering and boll settingT5 Control

Table 9. Per cent Red leaf intensity ( %) under five treatments at different locations

Treatment Akola Bhaurad Kanheri 1 Kanheri 2 Alanda YavatmalT1 40.04 42.50 43.13 57.81 44.52 48.40T2 52.43 60.65 53.42 58.23 51.25 46.30T3 45.63 56.30 50.63 53.51 49.67 44.67T4 40.59 55.20 52.18 60.63 50.30 39.33T5 72.49 80.60 55.63 60.81 58.67 52.21

0- No red leaf incidence; 1-Red leaf covering 1 or less than 1% leaf area ; 3-Reddning covering >1to 10% leaf area covered; 5-11-25 % leaf area covered ; 7- 26-50 % leaf area covered; 8- More than 50 % leaf area covered

Table10. Yield (kg/ha ) under five treatments at different locations

Treatment Akola Bhaurad Kanheri Kanheri AlandaT1 1617 2925 1674 1545 2542T2 1583 3142 1643 1441 2447T3 1677 3542 1775 1607 2687T4 1656 3600 1712 1583 2614T5 1498 2765 1440 1304 2327

Collection of real time weather data and

development of weather maps (CRIDA)

The centre has already collected weather data from

online and data bank and the information have been

shared with other centres from August onwards. Weather-

pest map for Maharashtra State has also been developed.

23

PULSES

Enhancing Pigeonpea and Chickpea

Production through intensive adoption of

IPM

The incidence of insect pests and diseases has led

to shortage of the pulses and import of 1.5-2.8 MT

from neighbouring countries at higher rates to meet

national demand. The reasons for shortage were

coupled with various factors starting from

technological barriers, inadequate rains and upsurge

in pests hitherto unknown. The impact of climate

change has resulted in resurgence of pests with varying

intensity. Visualising the emergent need to National

Food Security Mission (NFSM) and National Centre

for Integrated Pest Management (NCIPM) took the

initiative and decided to explore all possibilities to

increase pulse production in a sustainable manner so

as to meet immediate and future needs under the ambit

Department of Agriculture and Co-operation (DAC).

Since the developing high yielding varieties or

combining pest resistance with high yielding varieties,

would have taken years, it was decided to increase the

yield by reducing yield losses with the help of “e-Pest

Surveillance system” and implement IPM in 36,000

ha based on Area-wide Integrated Pest Management

System in collaboration with 6 Co-PI’s located in 5

states. NCIPM started the project from June 2010 with

following objectives:

• To develop “Nuclear Model Villages” in selective

districts for demonstrating IPM modules in farmers’

participatory mode to suit their cropping systems.

• Capacity building of technical assistants of different

blocks, district/block level officers and farmers to

enhance their capabilities towards healthy crop

production through IPM strategies.

• To develop and carryout awareness campaigns

through conventional (print) and electronic media,

to reach areas not covered under this programme.

• To establish centralized “National Pest Reporting

and Alert System” through networking of pulse

growers, in addition to strengthening of pest

diagnostic laboratory.

IPM nuclear model villages have been established

in numerous districts of 5 major pulse growing states

(Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Andhra Pradesh,

Maharashtra and Karnataka) and plant protection

activities implemented in farmers’ participatory mode

covering 76,000 ha to meet the challenge based on

“National e-pest surveillance system”.

National Pest Reporting and Alert System success

in “e-pest surveillance” in Cotton and Soybean by

joint collaboration of Maharashtra State and NCIPM

had led to minimizing yield losses by defoliators’ in

soybean covering Vidharbha region. Encouraged with

these experiences DAC implemented Electronic

Pest Surveillance “e-National Pest reporting

& alert system” ( http://www.ncipm.org.in/A3P/

UI/HOME/Login.aspx) as a major component of the

Accelerated Pulse Production Programme (A3P) of

NFSM with a goal to create a common national

surveillance platform to identify trends, formalize

known thumb rules, and target information collecting

at regular ‘hotspots’. System has converged effort of

State Govt agencies and State Agricultural

Universities (SAU) to have reliable and timely

information on the real time pest status and send

related information (advisory) in regional languages,

based on sound agro-ecological principles of IPM in

pigeonpea and chickpea. Reporting system provides

real-time information of pests along with temporal data

(option for choosing to & from dates) combined with

Geographical Information System (GIS) enabled

mapping system for easy understanding and visual

interpretation. The data is currently available to

registered policy makers, state agencies involved in pest

surveillance and progressive growers on the click of

the mouse. Queries can be used for an effective

adoption of preventive and corrective measures at

local, state or national level apart from mobilising

24

NCIPM ANNUAL REPORT 2010–11

resources from one to another place. State based A3P

co-operators (UP, MP, AP, Mah & Karnataka) have

used it to convey their advisories to the farmers

through SMSs to 3545 number of farmers of 592

villages covering 36000 ha at national level. The

software can be used by any authorised person after

online registration at NCIPM home page.

The”e-National Pest reporting and alert system”

can be accessed at http://www.ncipm.org.in/A3P/UI/

HOME/Login.aspx (Fig 1). The structure of this online

reporting system is based on review and capabilities of

available Decision Support System (DSS) in

agricultural system and mobile communication

technologies. The information used has been collected

directly from the farmer’s fields and real time data have

been selected carefully in the pilot case so that the

system can be of immediate use not only by Indian

farmers but also members of the farming community

facing with similar problems. The above system was

developed using, three tier architecture with facilities

for “online” data entry, reporting and Advisory to

farmers through short messaging system (SMS) in their

own language.

Above system also represents Temporal reports

(graphical horizontal bars & tabular) and map based

report using Geographic Information System (GIS). It

combines the pest incidence information and depicts

affected areas with different colours representing

severity of incidence. The GIS reporting has been

implemented using Google map for geographical

objects and spatial data manipulation. GIS reporting,

aims to be used by policy makers and research manages

and extension workers to forewarn the likelihood of

pest spreading in adjoining areas.

Near about 25000 farmers are registered for

receiving SMS advisories. Total SMS send during 2010

are 9530. Currently, potential beneficiary of the this

system can be at least 25000 (Table 1) farmers that

have been selected by NCIPM as well as the 90% of

the farmers that own a mobile phone.

Mobile services are implemented using SMS

gateway communicating directly with an SMS centre

responsible to store and forward messages to and from

a mobile phone. Fig. 2 represents a screenshot for the

sending of an SMS to a farmer. More specifically, the

Fig. 1 Home page of “e-National Pest reporting & alert system

25

Fig. 2 View & Send Advisory in regional languages

pest expert logs in the system and selects the SMS

recipient(s). Then a pop-up window emerges where

the SMS is written. The SMS can be written in English

as well as regional languages (Hindi, Marathi,

Kannada, and Telgu).

This has benefited 3545 farmers, 10 agronomists/

entomologists and 6 researchers in various terms. Post

evaluation suggests that the system has met their basic

requirements in terms of preparing themselves to

manage pest incidences in manners that are more

effective.

Benefits accured

• E-Pest Surveillance Systems has enabled collection

and monitoring of real-time pest data for trend

interpretation and/or outbreaks leading to action

in initial stage itself. This has happened in Kamasin

Block of Banda (UP) wherein podborer epidemic

could be controlled with emammectin benzoate.

Similarly, podborer infestation across Gulbarga

(Karnataka) could be managed with renaxypyr

(Table. 2). In case of Nanded (MS) flower drop

could be stopped by timely spread of message to

spray NAA.

• Training of technical assistants (123) as well as

state officials (5) were also carried out with an aim

to get online data of pest dynamics and real time

pest information.

• Transmission of forewarning messages through

SMS has led to less use of pesticides starting with

eco-friendly ones and their number has been

reduced to 3 from 6 in Gulbarga district.

• Use of above technology (e-pest surveillance) has

benefited the farmers in terms of lesser pest

incidence vis-a-vis conservation of beneficial

insects because of timely action (Fig. 3) with eco-

friendly management practices.

Table 1. Adopted area and no. of benefited farmers under National Electronic Pest Surveillance

State / Districts Pigeonpea ChickpeaNo of No of No of No of

villages Farmers villages FarmersKarnataka (Gulbarga) 34 3301 23 1529Maharashtra (Badnapur, Parbhani, Osmanabad, Nanded) 26 5017 20 3587Andhra Pradesh (Anantapur) 25 482 12 1000Madhya Pradesh(Chindwara & Narsimpur) 316 2967 55 1708Uttar Pradesh (Hamirpur & Banda) 69 3000 12 557Total 470 14767 122 8381

Pulses

26

NCIPM ANNUAL REPORT 2010–11

Implementation of A3P programme in general has

proved very successful and yielded in 3 million tonnes

more of pulses in comparison to previous years. The

e-pest surveillance system has also enabled to identify

the potential areas wherein yield can be increased by

minimizing losses caused by proliferating pests (Maruca

web, Pod bugs and Pod fly) as well as identification of

endemic areas of Sterility mosaic virus and leaf spot

diseases(Cercospora and Powdery mildew). The

structure of this online reporting system is based on

review and capabilities of available Decision Support

System (DSS) in agricultural system and mobile

communication technologies. The information used

has been collected directly from the farmer’s fields and

Table 2 . The impact of “e-National Pest Reporting & Alert System” on pesticide use (2010-11

A3P Farmers Non-A3P farmers Total sprays used (4) Total sprays used (6)Ovicide Propenphos OC compounds EndosulphanBio-insecticide Neem (Azadirictin) OP compounds Monocrotophos, Chlorpyriphos DDVP,

Propenphos, Quinalphos, AcephateMicrobial insecticide HaNPV Carbamates Methomyl, Thiodicarb, CarbarylGreen labeled insecticide Rynaxypyr Pyrithroids Alphamethrin, Fenvalrate, Cypermethrin

Dusts Melathion, Quinalphos, Fenvalrate,Endosulphan

New molecules Indoxacarb, Spinosad, Emamectinbenzoate

Fig 3: Pest scenario at Parbhani (Mah) showing difference between IPM vis-à-vis conventional practices (2010-11)

real time data have been selected carefully and can be

used not only by Indian farmers but also by members

of the farming community facing with similar problems.

Transmission of forewarning messages through SMS

has led to less use of pesticides starting with eco-friendly

ones and their number has been reduced to 3 from 6

in Gulbarga district. The system “e-Pest Surveillance”

has been evaluated for functionality and the user

friendliness by stakeholders (farmers, agronomists,

researchers’ & pest advisors) resulted in one-on-one

testing. Post evaluation suggests that the system has

met their basic requirements in terms of preparing

themselves to manage pest incidences in more manners

that are effective.

27

Press release

Pictures of field visit

Badnapur (13-14th

Oct, 2010)

Gulbarga (12th

Dec, 2010)

Pulses

28

NCIPM ANNUAL REPORT 2010–11

OILSEEDS

Groundnut

Development and validation of location specificIntegrated Pest Management technology

Validation of IPM technology in groundnut was

taken up for the second consecutive year during 2010-

11 at Hanumangarh, Udaipur districts in Rajasthan

and Kadiri in AP through Farmer’s Field Schools

(FFS’s) and Farmer Field Day, display of Visual- Aids

and publicity through print & electronic media and

by visiting regularly the adopted villages. Report of the

various trials is presented centre wise below

Centre: Hanumangarh

Validation of IPM module was carried out in

Mirzawali Mer (Teh. Tibbi) and Bharusari (Rawatsar)

villages of Hanumangarh district in 25 ha area during

Kharif 2010. Groundnut crop was sown from 10th

June

to 5th

July, 2010 using variety HNG-10 and TG-37A

with application of recommended dose of fertilizers (N

40, P60). Details of IPM and Farmers’ Practices (FP)

intervention are given in Table 1.

crop (Table 2). It reached up to 31.78 per cent in FP

as compared to a low incidence in IPM (7.84%).

Early leaf spot (Cercospora arachidicola) and late

leaf spots ( Phaeoisariopsis personata)

Early leaf spot infection appeared during third

week of August, 2010 in IPM as well as in FP. Crop

remained free from early and late leaf spot diseases up

to 20-40 and 40-60 DAS in both IPM as well as FP.

Early leaf spot appeared at 60-80 DAS and reached

up to 10.24 per cent disease index (PDI, 1-9 score

scale) one week before the harvest of crop in IPM

whereas in FP, the PDI of early leaf spot was 36.0

(Table 2). Crop remained free from late leaf spot (LLS)

in both IPM and FP up to 80 DAS. The PDI of LLS

was 6.50 as compared to 17.72 in FP one week before

the harvest of crop.

Termite

IPM field remained free from termite attack at

20-40 DAS as compared to FP where 5.02 per cent

termite attack was recorded. Termite incidence

Table 1. IPM and Farmers’ Practices (FP) in interventions Groundnut at Hanumangarh

Module Treatment detailsVariety Soil Seed Spray

IPM Growing of variety 1. Soil amendment with Neem 1.Imidacloprid Foliar spray ofHNG-10, TG-37A cake @ 250 kg/ha @ 2 ml/kg seed. mancozeb @ 2.0 g/litre

preferably 15 days before sowing. 2. Trichoderma at the time of 1st

2. Soil application of Trichoderma harzianum @10 appearance ofharzianum @ 4.0 kg/ha incubated g/kg seed leaf spot disease.in 50 kg FYM for 15 day appliedbefore sowing.

Farmers’ Growing of Nil Some farmers used NilPractices variety HNG-10, Carbendazim @ 2.0 (FP) TG-37A, TBG-39 g/kg seed

Pest Incidence

Collar rot: Observation of collar rot incidence was

recorded at 20-40 days after sowing (DAS), 40-60

DAS, 60-80 DAS and a weak before the harvest of

increased in both IPM and FP 40-60 DAS. At this

stage, termite incidence was 5.40 per cent in IPM and

11.74 per cent in FP. After 60-80 DAS the termite

incidence reached up to 7.70 per cent in IPM and

29

21.80 per cent in FP. A week before harvest of crop,

the termite incidence was 9.96 per cent in IPM as

compared to 24.38 per cent in FP (Table 2)

Yield and economics

The mean yield was higher in IPM (29.26 q/ha) as

compared to FP (17.02 q/ha). The total return was

Rs. 76,076 in IPM as compared to Rs. 44,252 in FP.

Total cost of material and labour was higher in IPM

but net returns were Rs. 50,736 in IPM and Rs. 23,852

FP. The cost benefit ratio was also calculated and it

was 1:3.00 in IPM as compared to 1:2.16 in FP

(Table 3).

Table 2. Pest incidence in IPM and FP fields of groundnut at different DAS (Hanumangarh

20-40 DAS 40-60 DAS 60-80 DAS 1 Weak before harvest MEANCollar rot (%)IPM 4.32 6.30 7.38 7.84 6.46FP 21.23 29.00 31.60 31.78 28.40Early leaf spot (ELS) PDI (1-9 scale)IPM 1.00 1.00 6.72 10.24 4.74FP 1.00 1.00 20.18 36.00 14.55Late leaf spot (LLS) PDI (1-9 scale) IPM 1.00 1.00 1.00 6.50 2.38FP 1.00 1.00 1.00 17.72 5.18 % plant damage due to termiteIPM 0.00 5.40 7.70 9.96 5.77FP 5.02 11.74 21.80 24.38 15.74

Table 3. Yield and economics of groundnut production (Rs/ha) in IPM and FP at Hanumangarh, Rajasthan in Kharif 2010

Variable IPM FPMeans Yield (q/ha) 29.26 17.02Total Cost (all in puts)* (Rs) 25,340 20,400Total Returns (Rs) 76,076 44,252Net Returns (Rs) 50,736 23,852Benefit-cost ratio 3.00 2.16Rate of groundnut = Rs. 2600/q.* Cost of all inputs

Table 4: Main components of IPM during Kharif 2010

IPM Module

• Summer ploughing/ Plough the fields 2-3 times during April-May (before sowing) to expose the hibernating pests

• Growing of recommended/ local varieties JL 24 & TAG-24• Seed treatment with imidaclorpid @ 2ml /kg seed +

Trichoderma harzianum @ 10gm/kg seed.• Soil application of Trichoderma harzianum @ 4kg/ha +50

kg FYM (15 DBS)• Soil amendment with Neem cake @ 250 kg/ha preferably

10-15 days before sowing.• Application of fungicides @ (0.05% carbendazim +

mancozeb 0.2%) at 45 and 60 DAS against early and lateleaf spots and rust.

• Application of anisole (methoxybenzene) on trees for thecontrol of white grub.

• Installation of pheromones traps for Helicoverpa armigeraand Spodoptera litura @ 5 traps/ha. Installation of T shapedwooden bird perches @ 10/ha

Farmers’ Practices (FP)

• Growing of local variety (RC-24)

IPM and FP fields in Mirjawali Mer, Hanumangarh Kharif 2010

Centre: Udaipur

Validation of IPM module was undertaken in

farmer’s fields in Udaipur district of Rajasthan. The

major IPM components and interventions used are

presented in Table 5. In FP, farmer grew only local

recommended varieties JL 24 and TAG 24 (Table 4).

Groundnut crop was sown at different locations in

Navania area of Vallabhanagar and Bhagtal villages

crop was sown from 22 to 24 June, 2010 in Udaipur

district.

Farmers’ Field Schools (FFS)

Farmers’ field schools (FFS) were organized at

Oilseeds

30

NCIPM ANNUAL REPORT 2010–11

Vallabhnagar, Udaipur by NCIPM and Maharana

Partap University of Agriculture and Technology,

during the crop season. About 20-25 farmers including

farmwomen participated in the FFS. Farmers were

educated about principles of eco-friendly IPM

technologies and conservation of bio-control agents,

use of aggregate pheromone (Anisole-

methoxybenzene) for the management of white grub,

use of Trichoderma as seed and soil treatment and use

of neem cake as soil treatment. Identification of pest

and its developmental stage were undertaken in

farmers fields. Extension education materials like

leaflets were distributed to the farmers ‘White grub

life cycle and its management’ and ‘Natural enemies

of groundnut crop’. IPM farmers narrated the success

of IPM in their fields and strongly emphasized on

summer ploughing, use of Trichoderma and imidacloprid

for seed treatment and mixing of Neem cake in the

fields.

Pest incidence

For the management of white grub (Holotrichia

consanguinea) most of the neem trees were pruned

before onset of monsoon and 2-3 small trees were

sprayed with 0.2% quinalphos and on the same tree 2-

3 swabs of cotton (dipped in anisole) were hanged in

the evening hours. The mean pest incidences are

presented in Table 6. Low collar rot incidence (10.17

per cent ) was observed in IPM as compared to 15.95

per cent in FP. The early and late leaf spot were also

lower in IPM (per cent disease index 5.72 & 4.45) as

compared to FP (PDI 13.20 & 5.55), respectively. Plant

mortality due to white grub was 1.8 per cent in IPM as

compared to 6.41 per cent in FP (Table 5).

return was Rs. 52,465 in IPM as compared to Rs.

36,696 in FP and net returns were Rs. 32,725 in IPM

and Rs. 22,216 in FP. The benefit cost ratio was also

calculated and it was 2.66 in IPM as compared to 2.53

in FP (Table 6).

Table 5. Mean disease and insect pest incidence in groundnut in IPM and FP at Vallabhnagar, Udaipur, Rajasthan,Kharif 2010

Module Disease Insect% collar rot Av. Disease Index

Early leaf spot Late leaf spot Plant mortality(ELS)PDI (LLS) PDI due to whitegrub (%)

IPM 10.17 5.72 4.45 1.8FP 15.95 13.20 5.55 6.41

Table 6. Yield and economics of groundnut production (Rs/ha) in IPM and FP in Vallbhnagar, Udaipur, RajasthanKharif 2010

Variables IPM FPMean yield (q/ha) 14.99 11.12Total Cost (all inputs*) (Rs.) 19,740 14,480Total Returns (Rs.) 52,465 36,696Net Returns (Rs) 32,725 22,216Benefit-cost ratio 2.66 2.53Rates of groundnut in IPM = Rs. 3500/q and in FP 3300

Centre: Kadiri

Fifteen farmers families were selected to implement

the programme covering 6 ha area at Gangasanipalli,

Veeraiah pallipeta and Yetigadda thanda villages in

Kadiri mandal (A.P) . Soon after the rains, groundnut

seeds were treated first with imidacloprid @ 2ml/kg

and later with Dithane M-45 @ 3 g/kg seed and kept

overnight. The treated seeds were sown by majority of

farmers during 2nd

and 3rd

week of June and a few

remaining farmers had sown during 2nd

and 3rd

week

of July in the field with 11: 1 ratio i.e., 11 rows

groundnut and 1 row red gram as inter crop. Sorghum

was sown as border crop (4 rows) and cowpea was sown

as trap crop with sufficient moisture in the field.

Twenty-five days after sowing, pheromone traps @ 5 /

ha, and bird perches @ 10/ha were installed in the

IPM field. In FP, farmer grow only local recommended

varities TMV 2 and JL 24 (Table 7).

Yield and economics

The mean yield was higher in IPM (14.99 q/ha) as

compared to FP (11.12 q/ha) (Table 7). The total

Pest Incidence

DiseasesThe incidence of dry root rot in IPM plots ranged

31

Five pheromone traps /ha were installed for

monitoring the male moth catches of S.litura in IPM

plots to time the application of insecticide for

protecting the crop from its damage. The maximum

moth catch was observed in 40th

standard week (1-7

Oct.) and minimum moth catches were noticed from

24th

standard week (25th

June – 1st

July) to 30th

standard

week (23-29th

) and after 45th

standard week

(5-11Nov.). Based on moth catches in pheromone

traps (Fig. 1), spraying of Neem oil at 45 days after

sowing and quinalphos @2.0 ml/1 spray, 70 days after

sowing in IPM fields protected the crop from insect

pests and recorded less incidence of leaf miner as

well as defoliators damage than farmers’ practice fields.

Table 7. Main components of IPM and FP during Kharif 2010

IPM Module

• Seed treatment with Imidacloprid @ 2 ml/kg + DithaneM-45 @ 3 g/kg seed.

• Soil application of FYM (100 kg) augmentedwithTrichoderma viride @ 2 Kg/ha

• Pheromone traps @5/ha for S. litura• Border crop with sorghum/Pearlmillet• Trap crop with Cowpea/Castor.• Inter crop with Redgram 11:1 ratio.• Need based pesticide application (NSKE 5% or Neem

oil 5%).• LLS control at 70 DAS.• Variety: K-6

Farmers’ Practices (FP)

Farmers use mancozeb and monocrotophos if subsidy isprovided by the government ,otherwise the crop remainsunprotected.

from 1.5 to 5.0 % where as in farmers’ practice fields

the incidence varied from 3.0 to 11.0 %. With respect

to stem rot, the incidence in IPM fields ranged from

1.5 to 4.0% where as in farmers’ practice it varied from

4.2 to 11.0 %. The PSND incidence in IPM fields

varied from 0.5 to 4.0 % whereas in farmers’ practice

it varied from 4.0 to 13.0 %. The late leaf spot was

recorded at 90 days after sowing, its incidence varied

from 22.5 to 44.0 scale in IPM fields, whereas in

farmers’ practice the incidence varied from 71.0 to 90.0

scale (Table 8).

Insect Pests

Data on other insect pests are presented in Table

8. Thrips incidence ranged from 13.2-22.8% at 30 DAS

and 22.6 -40.5% at 60 DAS and mean was 25.28 %

in IPM as compared to 29.4 – 58.3% at 30 DAS,

48.0- 76.5% at 60 DAS and mean of 57.59% in FP .

Leaf miner damage ranged from 4.7-12.1% with a mean

of 9.99% in IPM and 9.5-43.4% with a mean of 20.54

% in FP. Defoliators incidence range were observed

from 4.6-12.1% (mean 7.97%) in IPM as compared to

11.4- 25.3% (mean 18.42%) in FP.

Table 8. Mean pest incidence in Groundnut in Kadiri mandal during kharif 2010

Module Disease incidence (%) Insect damage (%)Collar rot Dry root rot Stem rot PSND Late Leaf spot Thrips Leaf miner Defoliators

damageIPM 0.51 2.82 2.63 2.18 35.53 25.28 9.99 7.97FP 3.43 7.01 6.67 7.50 79.22 57.59 20.54 18.42

Seed yield

In general, high yields were recorded in June sown

crop, due to dry spells occur at early stage of the

crop which favours more flowering, peg penetration

and at pod maturity stage and also implementation

of IPM modules to protect the crop from insect

pests and diseases. While July sown crop experienced

with continuous rainfall at early stages, which

causes lanky growth of the crop with less flowering,

and peg penetration and also the crop was

affected with high incidence of leaf miner and

Fig. 1 Male mouth catches of S. litura in grount nut fields

Oilseeds

32

NCIPM ANNUAL REPORT 2010–11

Table 9. Yield and economics of groundnut in IPM andFP in Kadiri mandal during Kharif 2010

Variables IPM FPGroundnut Mean Yield (q/ha) 7.83 6.49Total Cost (all inputs) (Rs) 16,008 14,354Total Returns (Rs)* 29,669 24,518Net Returns (Rs) 13,661 9,419Benefit-cost ratio 1.85 1.71

* Cost of Groundnut - Rs. 3500/q, * Cost of Red gram -Rs. 4000/q

(Yields red grams in IPM 64.7/q & in FP 31.7/q

defoliators damage. The mean yield was superior

in IPM practices (7.83 q/ha) as compared to

farmers’ practices (6.49 q/ha). The total return was

Rs. 29,669 in IPM as compared to Rs. 24,518 in FP

and net returns were Rs 13,661 in IPM and Rs 9,419

in FP. On these lines, the cost benefit ratio was also

calculated and it was 1:1.85 in IPM as compared to

1:1.71 in FP (Table 9).

Mustard

Surveys of incidence and severity of Sclerotiniastem rot (Sclerotinia sclerotiorum) of Brassicajuncea

Random survey of 130 locations in nine mustard

growing districts viz., Sriganganagar and

Hanumangarh in Zone 1b, Alwar, Bharatpur, Dausa

and Jaipur in agro climatic Zone 3b of Rajasthan and

Mohindergarh, Rohtak and Gurgaon of Haryana was

conducted for Sclerotinia stem rot of mustard. The

survey reveals that Sclerotinia sclerotiorum is a serious

threat to mustard cultivation in all surveyed districts

and alarming situation has been recorded at some

places. Incidence and severity ranged from 1.0 – 90

per cent & 1.0 - 4.0 grades, respectively. The mean

incidence and average severity of Sclerotinia stem rot

Zone 1b ranged from 1.5 - 35 per cent and 2.3 - 4.0

grades, respectively. Hot spots were identified at

Srikaranpur (Chak 2MM Dhirangawali, 25F

Gulaibewala and 40F Nanaksar), Raisinghnagar

(57RB), Padampur (26BB and 37BB) and

Sriganganagar (Rohirawali 1P, 15Z) Tehsils in

Sriganganagar district, Sangariya (8PTP), Pilibanga

(12MoD) and Hanumangarh (Dabli Rathan

Chak1DBL) in Hanumangarh district of Zone Ib of

Rajasthan, where incidence and severity ranged from

10-90 per cent and grades 3 to 4, respectively.

Maximum mean incidence (35%) was recorded in

Srikaranpur followed by Raisinghnagar (20.5%) and

Padampur (15%), whereas maximum average severity

grade was in Srikaranpur (4.0) followed by

Sriganganagar (3.65) Tehsil (Table 10). Overall mean

incidence and average severity grade in Zone 1b were

found 18.33 per cent and 3.44, respectively. The survey

further revealed that SSR is emerging as a serious

threat to mustard in Zone 1b of Rajasthan.

In Zone 3b, hot spots were identified at

Mohmmadpur, Teekari, Dhankhera, Badli ki dani,

Sihali Khurd and Jharoda in Alwar, Nagalmeena in

Dausa, Keshwana in Jaipur and Sewar in Bharatpur

districts. Maximum mean incidence (30%) and

average severity (4.0) was in Lachhmangarh followed

by Mandawar, Tehsil, 21.2 per cent incidence and grade

3.5, respectively (Table 11). Nagar Tehsil in Bharatpur

has minimum mean incidence (1.33%) and average

severity (grade 2.5). Overall, mean incidence and

average severity in Zone 3b were found 12.35 per cent

Table10. Incidence and severity of Sclerotinia stem rot in Zone 1b of Rajasthan

District Tehsil Sclerotinia stem rot(No. of villages/ Incidence Mean Average Severity on the

locations) range (%) incidence (%) basis of 0-4 gradeShriganganagar Shriganganagar (20) 2-55 18.85 3.65Shriganganagar Srikaranpur (11) 10-90 35.00 4.00Shriganganagar Sadulshahar (8) 1-10 5.88 3.00Shriganganagar Padampur (4) 10-20 15.00 3.50Shriganganagar Raisinghnagar (4) 5-50 20.50 3.30Hanumangarh Hanumangarh (2) 5-15 3.00 2.50Hanumangarh Pilibanga (4) 1-5 7.00 2.30Hanumangarh Sangariya (4) 1-15 10.00 3.0Overall Zone 1b 55 locations 1-90 18.33 3.44

33

Table 11. Incidence and severity of Sclerotinia stem rot in Zone 3b of Rajasthan

District Tehsil Sclerotinia stem rot(No. of villages/ Incidence Mean Average Severity on the

locations) range (%) incidence (%) basis of 0-4 gradeAlwar Alwar (3) 2-15 5.7 2.7Alwar Tijara (3) 10-25 18.3 4.0Alwar Bahror (5) 2-20 11.4 3.6Alwar Kisangarh (5) 2-15 6.8 2.4Alwar Ramgarh (4) 5-40 20.0 3.6Alwar Lachhmangarh (1) 30 30.0 4.0Alwar Rajgarh (4) 5-20 11.3 3.5Alwar Mandawar (6) 2-70 21.2 3.5Bharatpur Bharatpur (1) 10 10.0 4.0Bharatpur Dig (1) 2 2.0 4.0Bharatpur Kumher (2) 1-2 1.5 2.5Bharatpur Nadbai (1) 2 2.0 3.0Bharatpur Nagar (3) 1-2 1.33 2.67Bharatpur Weir (2) 2-5 3.5 2.5Dausa Dausa (7) 10-30 16.4 3.7Jaipur Kotputli (4) 1-10 2.75 3.25Overall Zone 3b 55 locations 1-70 12.35 3.31

Table 12. Incidence and severity of Sclerotinia stem rot in Haryana

District Tehsil Sclerotinia stem rot(No. of villages/ Incidence Mean Average Severity on the

locations) range (%) incidence (%) basis of 0-4 gradeGurgaon Gurgaon (4) 1-10 5.3 2.3Gurgaon Farukhnagar (2) 15-20 17.5 4.0Gurgaon Pataudi (4) 5-15 10.0 3.3Mohindergarh Mohindergarh (4) 8-30 17.0 4.0Mohindergarh Kanina (4) 10-15 12.5 3.8Rohtak Sampla (2) 15-25 20.0 4.0Mean 20 spots 1-30 12.7 3.5

and 3.31, respectively. The severity shows Sclerotinia

stem rot is emerging as a serious threat to mustard in

Rajasthan.

Field survey was also conducted during March and

April in three-district viz. Mohindergarh, Gurgaon and

Rohtak of Haryana consisting 20 locations for

Sclerotinia stem rot (Sclerotinia sclerotiorum) in Indian

mustard. The incidence and severity of SSR ranged

from 1-30 per cent and grade 2.3 to 4.0, respectively.

In Haryana, severe incidence was observed at Pali,

Dholi and Jant Bhurjat and Sehlang in Mohidergarh,

Bhansru Kalan, Sampla in Rohtak and at Patli and

Sampka in Gurgaon district. Hot spots were identified

at villages Sampka (Pataudi), Patli (Farukhnagar),

Harsaru (Gurgaon), Bhansru Kalan (Sampla), Jant Pali

(Mohindergarh) and Sehlang (Kanina), where severity

ranged from 10-30 per cent and grades 3 to 4, respectively.

Overall mean incidence and average severity in Haryana

were found 12.7 per cent and 3.5, respectively. The

severity shows Sclerotinia stem rot is also emerging as a

serious threat to mustard in Haryana (Table 12).

Evaluation of biorationals for management of ofSclerotinia stem rot (Sclerotinia sclerotiorum) onBrassica juncea

Field experiment consisting of 9 different

treatments on the basis of biointensive Trichoderma (3

treatments), garlic bulb extract (2 treatments),

standard fungicide control, carbendazim (two

Oilseeds

34

NCIPM ANNUAL REPORT 2010–11

treatments) along with untreated controls (2,

inoculated control 1 and uninoculated control 2) was

conducted in randomized block design (plot size 5x3m)

with 3 replications using variety varuna at IARI

Research Farm, New Delhi. Artificial inoculation of

soil @100ml liquid broth culture per kg FYM was done.

Sclerotinia rot incidence (Table 13) was minimum

(0.54%) in biointensive Trichoderma harzianum based

treatment, T3

(seed treatment @ 10g/kg, soil

application @ 2.5 kg/ha & two spray @ 0.2%) at 50

and 70 days after sowing, which reduced the disease

incidence over all other treatments, increased the seed

yield (2873 kg/ha) over controls (inoculated and

uninoculated). Seed yield and seed test weight were

reduced in inoculated control 1 from all others

treatments. Garlic bulb extract based treatment (T5

)

was found inferior to standard fungicide carbendazim,

seed treatment and two spray @ 0.2 per cent (T7

) and

two Trichoderma based treatments (T2

and T3

) for

disease incidence. Inoculated soil control, T8

(7.8%)

differed from uninoculated soil control, T9

(3.45%)

Table 13. Efficacy of a biopesticide and a botanical on incidence of Sclerotinia stem rot and seed yield of Brassica juncea

Sr. Treatment Disease Seed Seed testNo. Incidence (%) Yield (Kg/ha) weight (g)1. T1= Seed treatment with Trichoderma harzianum @ 10g / kg 4.37 2433 4.7622. T2= T1 + Soil application of Trichoderma harzianum @ 2.5 kg/ha 2.97 2736 4.9863. T3= T2 + spray of Trichoderma harzianum @ 0.2% at 50 and 70 day 0.54 2873 5.221

after sowing (DAS)4. T4= Seed treatment with garlic bulb extract @ 2% (W/V) 3.88 2264 5.0605. T5= T4 + spray of garlic bulb extract @ 2% at 50 and 70 DAS 3.57 2617 5.2466. T6= Seed treatment with carbendazim @ 2g/kg 5.87 2186 4.5217. T7= T6 + spray of carbendazim @ 0.2% at 50 and 70 DAS 3.10 2800 5.0298. T8= Inoculated soil, untreated seed and water spray at 50 and 70 7.80 2036 4.287

DAS (control 1)9. T9= Uninoculated soil, untreated seed and unsprayed (control 2) 3.45 2361 5.077

Table 14 Disease reaction of released varieties of Brassicas against Sclerotinia sclerotiorum under artificial diseasedevelopment conditions

Disease reaction No. of varieties Name of varietiesR= < 5% disease 10 NPC 9, Kiran, Pusa Karisma, PR 45, Pusa Vijay, HC 2, Pusa Mustard 21,incidence Pusa Mustard 24, Bio YSR, RGN 48MR= 5 - 10% incidence 07 Pusa Jagannath, Geeta, PAC 401, RLM 619, BEC 286, IGC 01 and KrantiMS= 10.1 - 20.0% 24 Pusa Agrani, Pusa Mahak, Pusa Bold, Pusa Jaikisan, RGN 13, RGN 73, RN 393,incidence CS 54, NRCDR 2, GM 1, GM 2, Pusa Mustard 22, Durgamani, Vasundhra, BEC

144, JM 1, JM 2, JM 3, RH 781, RH 819, Swarnjyoti, PBR 91, PBR 97 and PBR 210S= 20.1 - 30% incidence 08 CS 52, PCR 7, RH 30, Laxmi, TERI M21, Vardan, Rohini and RL 1359HS= > 30% incidence 01 VarunaR= Resistant, MR= Moderately resistant, MS= moderately susceptible, S= Susceptible and HS= Highly susceptible.

for disease incidence and seed yield i.e. 2036 and 2361

kg/ha, respectively. In biopesticide-botanical

evaluation, minimum incidence (0.54%) was recorded

in Trichoderma based treatment, T3

in comparison to

garlic bulb extract, T5

(3.57%) and inoculated control,

T8

(7.8%) under sick field conditions.

Varietal screening of Brassicas: Field trial on

virulence assessment of 50 varieties of Brassicas (sown

in paired rows along with susceptible check) was

conducted at IARI, Research Farm, New Delhi.

Artificial inoculation of soil with Sclerotinia sclerotiorum

(100ml liquid broth of fungus/ kg FYM) by adding 100g

FYM / M2

was done. Artificial stem inoculations were

also done. Final observations on virulence assessment

of Sclerotinia stem rot were recorded at the time of

maturity. Out of 50 varieties assessed no variety show

immune to Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Table 14). Ten

varieties namely NPC 9, Kiran, Pusa Karisma, PR 45,

Pusa Vijay, HC 2, Pusa Mustard 21, Pusa Mustard 24,

Bio YSR and RGN 48 showed less than 5 per cent

incidence were termed as resistant, whereas seven

35

cultivars viz., Pusa Jagannath, Geeta, PAC 401, RLM

619, BEC 286, IGC 01 and Kranti showed 5-10 per

cent incidence were moderately resistant. Eight

varieties showed disease incidences between 20-30 per

cent were found susceptible whereas one (varuna)

having > 30 percent incidences were termed as highly

susceptible.

Validation of Integrated Management of Sclerotiniastem rot (Sclerotinia sclerotiorum) of Brassicajuncea

Multilocational field trials of two IDM modules

were conducted at farmers’ field in Alwar,

Sriganganagar-Hanumangarh and village, Sampkan

(Gurgaon) in collaboration of RAU, ARSs, Navgaon

(Alwar), Sriganganagar and IARI, New Delhi. The

crop under two IDM modules was sown in mid October

in three large size plots measuring 5000 sq. meter.

Different locations served as replications. Treatment

details of two IDM modules of Sclerotinia rot of Brassica

juncea presented in Table 15.

Centre: Sriganganagar and Hanumangarh

Module I rendered average yields of 24.39 q/ha

and exhibited minimum (6.0%) sclerotinia rot

incidence. Maximum monitory returns were also

obtained under Module I, which rendered ICBR

(Incremental Cost Benefit Ratio) of 4.61. Module II

Table 15. Treatment details of various IDM modules of Sclerotinia stem rot of mustard

Module Pre sowing Sowing Seedling & vegetative Flowering & Podstage stage

I(BiointensiveTrichodermabased , IDM)

II (Botanicalbased IDM)

Farmer’spractices(Control)

* Deep summer ploughing.* Preparation of leveled &

well drained field.* Clean cultivation-Removal

of debris and residue ofprevious crop.

* Crop rotation with nonsusceptible host

* Balanced fertilization: N60,P40, K40, S40

* Deep summer ploughing* Preparation of leveled &

well drained field.* Clean cultivation-Removal

of debris and residue ofprevious crop.

* Elimination of broad leafweed (Chenopodiumalbum)

* Fertilization: N100, P40.

* No summer ploughing* No clean cultivation and

removal of debris.* Fertilizer as per farmer’s

practices.

* Sowing from 16th –31st Oct.

* Use of clean, certifiedseed devoid ofsclerotinia.

* Seed treatment withTrichoderma mixture(T. viride + T.hamatum) @ 10 gm/kg seed.

* Soil application ofTrichoderma mixture(T. viride + T.hamatum) @ 2.5 kg/ha pre incubated in 50kg FYM.

* Avoidance of narrowspacing/ heavy seedrate.

* Sowing from 16th –31st Oct.

* Use of clean, certifiedseed devoid ofsclerotinia.

* Seed treatment withaqueous garlic bulbextract @ 2% (w/v)

* Sowing from 16th –31st Oct.

* No seed and soiltreatment.

* Maintenance ofoptimum plantpopulation with widespacing.

* Judicious use ofirrigation dependingupon crop stage, soiltype , rainfall etc.

* Irrigation and plantpopulation as perfarmer’s practices.

* Irrigation and plantpopulation as perfarmer’s practices.

* Foliar spray of Trichodermamixture (T. viride + T.hamatum) @ 0.2% at earlybloom stage i.e. 50 and 70days after sowing.

* Rogueing out of infected plantbefore formation of sclerotia.

* Collection and burning ofinfected stem, stubbles etc.

* Foliar spray of aqueous garlicbulb extract @ 2% (w/v) atearly bloom stage i.e. 50 and70 days after sowing.

* No rouging of infected plants.* Collection and burning of

diseased stubbles.

* No foliar spray against stemrot.

* No rouging of infectedplants.

* No collection and burning ofdiseased stubbles.

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NCIPM ANNUAL REPORT 2010–11

Table 16. Technology adoption Index (%) of different component of IPM at Mohammadpur, Alwar, Rajasthan

S. No. Technology Adoption Index (%)1. Seed treatment with Trichoderma viride 552. Sowing of mustard crop between period 15th to 30th Oct., 2010 903. Handpicking of aphid infected twigs 10

was next with average yields of 19.23 q/ha and

sclerotinia rot incidence of 14.0 per cent. Module II

was next in terms of monitory returns. The ICBR under

this module was 1.92. In Farmer’s practices minimum

average yield of 15.28 q/ha was obtained and maximum

sclerotinia rot incidence (25.7%) was observed.

Centre: Alwar

Validations trials were also conducted under

Navgaon, Alwar (Kherli Sayad MIA, Behror and

Teekari) region. Module I besides rendering maximum

average yield of 24.0 q/ha, also exhibited minimum

(8.0%) Sclerotinia stem rot incidence. Maximum net

returns (Rs. 40,882/-) were also obtained in Module I,

which rendered B/C ratio of 3.12. Module II was next in

terms of net returns (Rs. 35362/-) with B/C of 2.80. In

farmer’s practices, minimum average yields of 20.6 q/

ha and disease incidence of 24.5 per cent was recorded.

Centre: Sampka (Gurgaon)

Module I gave maximum average yields of 26.1 q/

ha and also exhibited minimum (2.75%) sclerotinia

rot incidence. A maximum net return (Rs. 39,480/-)

was also obtained under Module I, which rendered B/

C ratio of 2.92. Module II was next in order of

production rendering average yields of 20.0 q/ha. The

sclerotinia rot incidence under this module was 8.37

per cent. Module II was next in terms of net returns.

The B/C ratio under this module was 2.19. Farmer’s

practices field gave minimum average yields of 18.5 q/

ha, and had Sclerotinia rot incidence of 10.0 per cent.

Development of varieties and hybrids tolerant tobiotic and abiotic stresses in rapeseed-mustard

Genetics of new sources of resistance for white rust

(WR) Alternaria blight (AB) and identification of

QTLs/gene tags for marker-assisted selection was

studied. Screening of Brassicas coordinated (07) and

Station (5) trials and germplasm (57 lines) against

white rust, Alternaria blight and Sclerotinia stem rot

of rapeseed- mustard was done. Promising genotypes

identified could be utilized in development of varieties

and hybrids in rapeseed –mustard. New sources of

resistance for white rust and Alternaria blight were

explored. Pusa Mustard 26 (NPJ – 113) released for

late sown conditions of North West Plain Zone

(NWPZ) from our on going project on “Development

of varieties and hybrids tolerant to biotic and abiotic stresses

in rapeseed-mustard” in Genetics Division of I.A.R.I.

New Delhi. It yields 16.0q/ha in November sowing

and matures in 126 days. It is tolerant to major diseases.

Sustainability and impact studies

IPM in mustard was validated during Rabi 2007-

08 and 2008-09 in the villages in Navgaon area of

Alwar district of Haryana. During Rabi 2010-11,

impact studies were conducted to find the

sustainability of the technology. There are around 144

farmers families in the village who grow mustard in

Rabi season and mustard crop is spread in 142 ha area.

In this village, 90 per cent farmers had sown mustard

crop at recommened time of sowing i.e. between 15th

to 25th

Oct., 2010, the remaining farmers could not

sown during this time due to un-availability of irrigated

water or timely rain (Table 16). In this villages, 55 per

cent farmers had sown the mustard crop after doing

seed treatment with Trichoderma viride @ 10 gm/kg

seed. Remaining farmers also wanted to do seed

treatment with Trichoderma viride but could not

acccomlish the seed treatment due to its non

availability in the local market. More than ten per cent

farmers have also done handpicking of aphid infected

twig from border of the field.

37

Table 17. Natural enemies of S. litura in soybean crop

Natural enemy Stage of pest attacked Period of activity of natural enemyNPV caterpillar During last week of August to 2nd week of September.Carcelia illota Curr.(Tachinidae: Diptera) caterpillar During last week of August to 2nd week of September.Cantheconidia furcellata Wolff. caterpillar During 3rd week of August to 2nd week of Sept.(Pentatomidae: Hemiptera)Cotesia flavipus(Braconidae: Hymenoptera) caterpillar During 3rd week of August to 2nd week of Sept.

Soybean

Development and validation of IPM module forSoybean

An eco-friendly IPM module consisting of the

proper spacing of 30 cm as compared to 22.5cm

(general farmers’ practices) and proper seed rate 80

kg/ha against 100 kg/ha in FP, use of sex pheromones

@ 5 traps/ha for mass trapping of adult population of

S. litura, application of Sl NPV and need based

soyabean cultivated application of safer chemical

insecticides was developed and validated in 50 ha area

in village Dungerja in Kota district, Rajasthan for

soyabean cultivated during Kharif season. Regular

visits and interaction with the farmers of the village

were done to educate them about the eco-friendly

integrated pest management technologies.

IPM adopted Farmer’s Mustard crop field in Village Mohammadpur, Navgaon ( Alwar)

The sowing of soybean crop in the village was done

during July 10-14, 2010. The varieties used by the

farmers were JS- 335 and JS 93-05. Due to delayed

and erratic monsoon during the crop season, crop

growth was poor. Incidence of S. litura on the soybean

crop was too low and sporadic.

However, there was severe infestation of green

semilooper (Chrysodeixis acuta) on the crop. The girdle

beetle infestation was comparatively low that was

observed at pod formation stage of the crop. Farmers were

advised for timely application such as triazophos against

defoliator. Population of this defoliator remained under

control after the insecticide application and there was

no further defoliation by this insect pest. The higher

yield (13.03 q/ha) in IPM fields was obtained against

farmers’ practices (11.5 q/ha). Natural enemies’ records

are presented in Table 17.

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NCIPM ANNUAL REPORT 2010–11

VEGETABLES

IPM in Vegetable Crops

Development and validation of IPM Module incabbage, capsicum & Ginger in Mid Garwal hillarea of Uttrkahnd

Ginger

It is one of the major horticultural crop cultivated

in mid Garhwal hills of Uttarakhand state that fetch

higher economic returns to farmers. The IPM

technology comprised of soil application of Trichoderma

@250g/q enriched FYM /vermicomost and

chlorpyriphos, seed Rhizome treatment with mancozeb

(2.5gm)+ carbendazim (1gm)+ chlorpyriphos(2ml) /

liter water for 0.5 to 1 hr, spraying of mancozeb (2gm)

+ carbendazim (1gm), spraying of Trichoderma +

Pseudomonas (2:1) formulation (Leaf spot)), hand

picking and destruction of white grubs larvae,

drenching the fields with carbendazim 0.2% if the

rhizomes seeds are harvested (Rhizome rot), deep

ploughing after harvesting of the crop, dipping of

selected healthy seed rhizomes in mancozeb (2.5gm)

+ carbendazim (1gm)+ chlorpyriphos (2ml) /liter

water for 0.5 to 1 hr, before drying in shade and storage

was validated at farmer’s field in Gaind and Pali villages

(block-Fakot, Tehri Garhwal). Numbers of farmers

selected were 20 and 22, respectively in Pali and Gaind

districts. Before sowing of ginger seed, infestation of

termite was recorded in storage condition which was

controlled by dipping of ginger seed in solution of

Chlorpyriphos 20 EC @ 2.0 ml per liter of water.

Training was provided through farmers field schools

for implementation of IPM technology. In both villages

rhizome rot and leaf spot are the major diseases of

ginger. The average incidences of leaf spot and rhizome

rot in IPM adopted field were 11.15 and 9.88 percent

as compared to 17.11 and 16.99 per cent in non IPM

field, respectively (Fig 1). The result indicated that

implementation of IPM module in above villages

helped in reducing the incidence of pests and

diseases.The data on rhizome seed yield and its

economic analysis is given in table 1. The data shows

that total cost of production of ginger, gross returns

and net returns and cost benefit ratio were higher

under IPM practice than under farmers practice.

Cabbage

IPM module comprised of preparing of nursery on

raised bed of 10-15 cm height, soil solarization of

nursery beds three weeks prior to sowing , application

of T. harzianum augmented in FYM, seed treatment

with carbendazim, spray of carbendazim in nursery,

seedling dip in the suspension of bioagents (T.hazianum

and P. fluorescence), application of neem based

formulation, monitoring of population of S.litura and

P.xylostella, scouting of pest damage, uprooting and

destruction of diseases and insect infected plants and

need based application of mancozeb was validated in

Jadipani village (Chamba block; Tehri Garhwal

district) covering 20 farmers. Observations on pest

incidence indicated that mean incidence of diseases

like sclerotinia head rot, black leg and collar rot was

lower i.e. 19.99, 17.11 and 9.99 percent in IPM plots,

respectively as compared to farmer’s field where the

incidence was very high i.e. 46.66, 38.89 and 38.33

percent, respectively. Besides the disease, insect pest

like whitegrub, cutworm, cabbage butterfly, DBM,

aphid, tobacco caterpillar and pantatomid bugs wasFig. 1 Incidence of pests in ginger

39

recorded in cabbage crop. The average infestation of

insects viz. cabbage butterfly and painted bug in IPM

fields was 3.81 and 1.65 percent as compared to

farmers practice where the damage was 7.73 and 6.28

percent, respectively (Fig 2). Cabbage head yield

was 112.5 qha-1

in IPM practice as compared to 83.5

qha-1

in farmers practice. Higher net return and

benefit cost ratio i.e. Rs. 0.45 lac/ha and 1.96,

respectively, was recorded in IPM field as compared

to Rs. 0.12 lac/ha and 1.21, respectively in farmers

fields (Table 1).

Capsicum

IPM module comprising soil solarization of nursery

area prior to sowing, well prepared raised beds ,

application of Trichoderma enriched FYM or

vermicomost , seed treatment with carbendazim and

imidacloprid, seeding-dip in the suspension of bio-

agent (Trichoderma harzianum and Pseudomonas

fluorescence) formulations for management, spraying

of Pseudomonas formulation @10 g/l in nursery for

management of leaf spot, need based application of

neem based formulation, mancozeb /spinosad,

uprooting and destruction of disease infected plants,

spraying of copper based fungicides for management

of fruit rot for capsicum crop was validated at farmer’s

fields in Chopdiyal village covering 25 farmers families.

Training was provided to farmers during pre sowing

and post sowing period to creat awareness about IPM

technology and its implementations. The damping off,

anthracnose leaf spot and phytophthora blight was

recorded as major diseases. During the study, it was

found that the average incidence of damping off,

anthracnose leaf spot and phytophthora blight in IPM

field was 16.7, 20.1 and 28.3 percent, respectively;

while in farmer’s field, it was 53.3, 47.8 and 60.0

percent, respectively (Fig 3). Effect of IPM strategies

for major insect pest of capsicum was also recorded.

White grub, cutworm, thrips and aphid were found

infesting the crop but thrips were the major pests of

capsicum. The average infestation of thrips in IPM

adopted plot was 7.7 percent as compared to farmers

practice (11.2%). The net returns (Rs 2.57 lac/ha) in

IPM fields as compared to Rs1.6 lac/ha in farmers

practice. The cost benefit ratio was 1: 4.13 in IPM

field and 1:2.76 in farmers practice (Table 1).

Table 1. Economics of Capsicum, cabbage and ginger production in IPM and farmers field during 2010-11

Particulars Capsicum Cabbage GingerIPM Farmers practice IPM Farmers practice IPM Farmers practice

Total Cost (Rs/ha) 82139 90285 46295 55803 112026 103474Yield (Qt/ha) 105 78 113 84 134 89Gross Return (Rs/ha) 339150 251940 91078 67704 486688 323248Net Return (Rs/ha) 257011 161655 44783 11901 374630.25 219774Benefit Cost Ratio 4.13 2.79 1.96 1.21 4.34 3.10Rate of capsicum (Rs 3230/q), cabbage (806) and ginger (3632)

Fig. 3 Incidence of pests in capsicum (2010-11)Fig. 2 Incidence of pests in cabbage

Vegetables

40

NCIPM ANNUAL REPORT 2010–11

Mass Production of bio control agents (T. harzianum

and P. flouresence)

Mass production of bioagents viz., Trichoderma sp.

and Pseudomonas sp. was carried out in the Ranichauri

center. Trichoderma sp. was mass produced on the

barnyard millet grains in solid state fermentation. After

incubation the barnyard grains fully covered by

Trichoderma spores are dried, crushed and sieved. The

fine sieved powder containing the spores is then mixed

with sterile talc powder in a proportion of 1:2. The

sieved waste of barnyard millet is also rich in

Trichoderma sp. spores and was used for distribution to

the farmers for value addition of FYM and

vermicompost. Pseudomonas sp. was grown in King’s B

broth. After incubation the broth with bacterial growth

is added to the sterile talc powder, dried and packed

to be made available to the IPM farmers.

Organizing Field Schools/trainings

Farmer’s Field Schools were organized in village

Jadipani, Chopdiyal and Pali &Gaind for creating

awareness among farmers about managing the pest and

diseases in the fields in an integrated mode. Field

school in Jadipani and Chopdiya; concentrated on

implementing IPM module in cabbage and capsicum

crops, respectively while in the farmer’s field school in

Pali and Gaind villages different strategies of integrated

pest management module for ginger were discussed.

Various training programs namely ,management of

diseases in nursery stages, soil solarization, field and

pre sowing rhizome seed treatment for management

of pests, application of bioagents and their

importance,timely application of pesticides treatment

in Gaind village were conducted on farmer’s field to

educate the farmers about the IPM approaches. Date

wise training programme conducted in different

villages are as under besides the visiting of junior staff,

time to time.

Promotion of IPM technology in cauliflowergrowing area of Haryana under area wideapproach

Based on the findings of earlier project on

development and validation of IPM module for early

cauliflower, a new project was initiated from year 2010-

11 to popularize and promote the IPM technology

cultivated in rainy season in village Palari of Sonipat

district of Haryana to curtail the application of

pesticides and restore the ecological balance. Major

problems that needed interventions were damping off

and cabbage head borer in nursery stage, alternaria

leaf spot and S. litura after transplanting. IPM

technology comprised of soil solarization of nursery

area, application of T.harzianum through FYM

amendments as soil treatment, seedling dip in T.

harzianum suspension, erection of sex pheromone trap

for S. litura, scouting and monitering pest damage, need

based application of pesticides and mechanical

destruction of pest stages and removing diseases

infected plants. Implementation of IPM technology

was undertaken in more than 60 acre area covering

majority of the cauliflower growing farmers in the

village through organizing farmer’s field schools. The

most important component of transfer of IPM

technology was training of the farmers for development

of technical skills such as reinforcement of FYM with

T. harzianum, seed treatment and seedling dip with T.

harzianum. The focus of these participatory learning

sessions was on the importance of soil-borne diseases,

recognition of symptoms and their impact on

cauliflower production. In the next phase, scouting

for the damage due to H. undallis and alternaria leaf

spot (ALS), installation of sex pheromone trap for

monitoring of population of S. litura and introducing

action threshold concept. Farmer’s participatory

training (FPT) also focused on the recognition of insect

pests such as egg stages of S. litura, larval damage,

recognition of ALS symptoms and the presence of

cocoons of natural enemies such as C. glomerata.

Finally, the impact of using a broad-spectrum chemical

insecticide compared to a specific Sl NPV biopesticide

and reduced risk insecticides was discussed. This type

of farmers’ participatory trainings has had greater

success in achieving IPM implementation.

Incidence of insect pests and diseases was

considerablyreduced as a result of the adoption of IPM

module (Table 2) The implementation of IPM

technology also helped in realization of higher

economic returns an(Rs/ha) and cost benefit ratio

(Table 3) in IPM fields (132250) (1:4.08), than in

farmers practice (107850) and (1:3.22).

41

Studies on extent of susceptibility of S. litura

acquisited from cauliflower fields to different

insecticides

Farmers in the major cauliflower growing villages

of three districts namely, Yamuna nagar, Karnal and

Panipat of Haryana were contacted to promote and

popularize the IPM technology for cauliflower

cultivated in the rainy season. Information was

gathered on the pattern of cauliflower cultivation,

plant protection practices followed and type of pest

problem observed etc. Larval instars of S. litura were

collected from cauliflower fields of the above locations,

Anatpura village (Jaipur, Rajasthan) and Plari village

(Sonipat, Haryana) to evaluate the susceptibility of

commercial formulations of different novel insecticides

viz., ë cyhalothrin, â cyfluthrin ,bifenthrin, Indoxacarb,

Emamectin benzoate, Spinosad, Chlorantraniliprole,

pyridalyl, flubendanide, Novaluron in the laboratory

through leaf dip method. Results showed that

Emamectin benzoate was most toxic followed by

Indoxacarb. Based on LC50 values Jaipur population

showed highest lethal dose whereas Sonipat population

showed lowest for Emamectin benzoates as well as

Indoxacarb. Pests showed different level of resistance

to endosulfan, cypermethrin, deltamethrin bifenthrin,

chlorpyriphos and quinalphos

Validation of IPM technologies for bell pepper in

stae of Haryana and hot pepper in state of Karnataka

With a view to reduce the load of chemical

pesticides and to make the farmers aware about the

other alternative methods of pest control, validation

of IPM technology for bell pepper in 50 acre area

covering 50 progressive farming families and for

hot pepper in 20 acres was carried out in Daha Jagir-

Bajindan Jattan, District Karnal (Haryana) and village

Nelahal (Raichur Distt.), Karnataka respectively.

Bell pepper

IPM interventions

IPM was implemented on the farmers fields in the

village Daha Jagir-Bajindan Jattan by organizing

Farmers Field School in the beginning of season (pre-

season) to make farmers aware of pest problems and

their management in an IPM way.

Table 2. Effect of IPM module on incidence of pests incauliflower (2010-11

Pest problem IPM FPNumber of larvae of head borer/plant 0.1 0.3% plant infested by S. litura 3.8 8.5 % Damping off incience 3.9 8.7% Alternaria leaf spot incidence 2.3 7.5

Table 3. Effect of IPM module on economics of cauliflowerproduction (2010-11)

Parameters IPM FPNumber of sprays 5.2 11.5Total cost (all inputs) (Rs/ha) 40,250 48,500Mean yield (q/ha) 65 59Net returns (Rs/ha) 132250 107850Cost Benefit ratio 1:4.08 1:3.22

Rate of cauliflower: Rs. 2650/q (approx.)

Total cost included: Labour cost for land preparation, nurserysowing, ransplanting, fertilizer application,hand weeding, pesticide pplication, materialcost like seed, pesticides, bio-control agents,fertilizers etc.

Sustainability and Impact studies of cauliflower IPM

technology

Farmers’ response recorded after termination of the

previous project to various components of the IPM

technology that were implemented at their fields.

There was overwhelming response to adopt

application of T. harzianum in soil through FYM

amendment and as seedling dip. Farmers felt that seed

treatment is not essential as the seed purchased by

the growers is already treated with carbendazim.

Farmers were convinced with the preparation of the

raised bed for preparation of nursery to avoid water

logging conditions during rains and 98 per cent of the

farmers were willing to continue to do so. Response to

the choice of insecticide such as spinosad, novaluron,

indoxcarb etc. was also 90 per cent as these provided

high levels of pest mortality and remained effective

for longer period, and helped to avoid repeated spray.

Only 10 per cent farmers were convinced about the

efficacy of the neem but response towards use of Sl

NPV was 40 per cent. Eighty per cent of the farmers

were educated to differentiate between the symptoms

of the diseases or insect damage and adopt pesticide

application accordingly.

VegetablesVegetables

42

NCIPM ANNUAL REPORT 2010–11

Nursery be lower viz; 1.38 (1-5 rating/plant) and 4.0 per cent,

respectively in IPM fields as against higher incidence

of 3.86 (1-5 rating/plant) and 7.8 per cent in non-IPM

fields, respectively. It was also observed that among

the diseases, collar & stem rot incidence was very high

(16 per cent) in Farmer’s practices (FP) whereas it was

relatively low being 2.0 per cent (58 per cent in one

field only) in IPM fields. It was also observed that,

apart from other insect pests, this disease played a

major role in reducing the marketable yield of bell

pepper in non-IPM fields. The incidence of sun scald

varied from 7-10 per cent in IPM as well as FP fields

(Table 4).

• Soil solarisation with transparent polythene of 0.45 mmthickness for about three weeks

• Mixing of nursery soil with FYM enriched with Trichodermaharzianum

• Application of neem for aphids and Saaf fungicide for collarrot

Main field

• Seedling dip in Pseudomonas before transplanting @ 5ml/ litre

• Spray of neem product against aphids• Spray of spinosad 45 SC against thrips• Erection of pheromone traps for monitoring of borer

adults )• Periodic releases of egg parasitoid, Trichogramma

chilonis )• Spray of HaNPV @ 250 LE/ha 2-3 times in the initial

stages ) Fruit borer• Application of emmamectin benzoate 5 WDG)• Periodic removal of borer or rot damaged fruits or mosaic

virus complex affected plants• Need based spray of imidacloprid (Aphids), acephate and

fipronil (thrips), indoxacarb/coragen (fruit borer) and0.02% mancozeb/ Saaf/Validamycin for collar rot(Rhizoctonia) & Fusarium

Farmers Practices included only application of

chemical pesticides like acephate, indoxacarb, coragen,

endosulfan, dimethoate, Alittee, chlorothalonil,

dithane M 45, chlorpyriphos, copper oxy chloride and

bavistin etc.

Pest monitoring and incidence

Thrips (Scritothrips dorsalis Hood ) were observed

as the major sucking pest while fruit borer Helicoverpa

armigera Hubner was recorded as the major borer pest

in bell pepper. Among diseases, infection of collar and

stem rot (Rhizoctonia solani) in non-IPM and sun scald,

a disorder was observed in IPM as well as FP fields.

Monitoring of weekly trap catches for fruit borer

indicated the appearance of Helicoverpa armigera about

15-20 days after transplanting in February–March and

its presence throughout the cropping season. The

release of egg parasite, Trichogramma chilonis

(Ashmead) was synchronized with the appearance of

moths in pheromone traps. The mean incidence of

key insect pests viz thrips and fruit borer was found to

Table 4. Pest incidence in IPM and FP fields of bell pepperin Daha, Karnal (Haryana) during 2009-10

Pest IPM FPThrips (1-5) 1.38 3.86Fruit borer/plant 0.3 0.8Fruit borer (%) 4.0 7.8Collar & stem rot (%) 6.0 (0-58) 16.0 (0-80)Sun scald (%) 6.4 8.8

Yield and economics of IPM

The adoption of IPM technology in bell pepper

resulted in reduction of the number of sprays to 6.3

from 12.2 in non-IPM fields and at the same time an

increased yield of 216.3 q/ ha in IPM and 180.0 q/ ha

in Farmers’ practices (FP) fields was obtained resulting

in the higher CBR of 1:3.8 in IPM and 1:3.30 in non-

IPM fields, respectively (Table 5).

Table 5. Economics of IPM technology in bell pepper inDaha, Karnal (Haryana) during 2009-10

Parameter IPM FPNumber of chemical sprays 2.8 12.2Ecofriendly/ biopesticides sprays 3.5 -Cost of plant protection (Rs/ha) 8163 10256Total cost of cultivation including 90700 87033plant protection (Rs/ha)Mean yield (q/ha) 216.3 180.0*Gross return (Rs/ha) 346000 288000C:B ratio 1:3.81 1:3.30*Rs 16/kg

Natural enemies

A large build up of natural enemies viz. Coccinellids

and predatory spiders i.e. 1.2 and 0.8 per plant,

43

respectively was observed in IPM fields as compared

to lower population i.e. 0.4 and 0.4 per

plant, respectively in Farmer’s practices (FP)

fields (Table 6).

Hot Pepper (Chillies)

Base line information & Socio-economic status of

chilli growers

IPM chilli growers in Nelahal had farming &

dairying as the predominant profession. The

information collected further revealed that though 15

-20 per cent of the farmers of the village were aware of

the biocontrol / IPM technologies which they learnt

from other IPM farmers, however, most of them were

wholly dependent on synthetic chemicals for pest

control and none of them were adopting IPM. On an

average, every farmer gave 17-30 (27) sprays (worth

Rs 20000-25000/ season/ ha) of pesticides in hot

pepper. Large farmers gave more number of sprays as

against small farmers. The commonly used chemical

pesticides were Imidacloprid, thiophenate methyl,

diafenthiuron, monocrotophos, dicofol, bavistin,

bayleton, chlorothalonil, dichlorovos and use of

mixtures of pesticides was very common.

Major IPM interventions validated in hot pepper at

farmers’ fields were as follows

Table 6. Natural enemy population in IPM and FP fields ofbell pepper in Daha, Karnal (Haryana) during 2009-10

Natural enemy IPM FPCoccinellids/plant 1.2 0.4Predatory spiders/plant 0.8 0.4

Management of diseases through bio control agaent

An experiment on the management of collar &

stem rot of bell pepper through Trichoderma and

Pseudomonas and of Southern blight of bell pepper:

by S. rolfsii appeared in Daha village of Karnal with

incidence of 76 %. Trichoderma isolate no. 21,22

and 23 showed inhibition percent of 90,90 and 65 %

respectively

Validation of Non- Chemical IPM and INMtechnology (organic) for bell pepper

The successful validation of the IPM technology

in bell pepper in Daha-Bajinda (Karnal), which had

for three consecutive years (2007-08, 2008-09 and

2009-10) resulted in the reduction of pesticides sprays

to only four or five, with its further refinement and

productive utilization of plenty of surplus FYM

available in the village, emboldened us to take non-

chemical (organic) bell pepper trial in about one acre

area during 2009-10. Integrated nutrient management

(INM) & integrated pest management (IPM)

technology (Non-chemical) which included

application of FYM @ 20 tonnes/ha fortified with

Trichoderma sp., seedling dip before transplanting in

Pseudomonas fluorescence, soil application of neem as

manure; erection of pheromone traps @ 12/ acre for

fruit borer, need based sprays of neem, releases of

Trichogramma sp @ 1.5 lakh/ ha for fruit borer

and clipping and application of eco-friendly pesticide

like spinosad and emmamectin benzoate, though

resulted in lower yields (172.25 q/ha) and so the lower

CBR (1:2.94) in non-chemical (organic) trial than IPM

(205 q/ha; 1:3.78) and Farmers’ Practices (190 q/ha;

1:3.51).

• Seedling dip in Pseudomonas before transplanting @ 5 ml/litre

• Seed treatment with imidacloprid 70 WS (10 g/kg) + FYMenriched with Trichoderma harzianum (4 g/kg) for thrips,mites and soil borne diseases

• Application of imidachloprid 17.8 SL @ 0.5 ml/litre forsucking pests

• Addition of neem cake @ 1 q/acre for soil borne diseases &insects

• Application of diafenthiuron @ 1 g/litre against thrips andmites

• Spray of ridomyl MZ 68 @ 2 g/ltre for leaf spot management

• Application of Pseudomonas fluoresence @ 5 g/litre forinducing systemic resistance in plants and as biocontrolagent.

• Application of propiconazole and triademefon 50 WP @ 1ml/litre against thrips and mites

• Spray of Carbendezim 50 WP @ 2 g/litre drenching formanagement of powdery mildew disease.

• Spinosad 25 SC and Lufenuron application @0.1 ml/litrefor fruit borers

• Application of Pseudomonas fluoresence for inducingsystemic resistance in plants and as biocontrol agent.

• Application of hexaconazole 5EC (1.0 ml/l) for powderymildew

Vegetables

44

NCIPM ANNUAL REPORT 2010–11

Farmers Practices (FP) fields had applied only

pesticides like captan, imidacloprid, dimethoate,

Spinosad, Lambda Cyhalothrin, chlorpyriphos,

Tridemorph, Ethion, Oxydemeton methyl etc.

Pest monitoring and incidence

Thrips, Scritothrips dorsalis Hood and mites

Polyphagotarsonemus latus Banks and aphids,

Myzus persicae Sulzer were observed as the major

sucking pests while fruit borer Helicoverpa armigera

Hubner was recorded as the major borer pest in chillies.

Among diseases, a heavy infection of Cercospora

& Alternaria leaf spot, Die-back & anthracnose,

powdery mildew and Fusarium wilt was observed in

non-IPM fields.

Monitoring of weekly trap catches for fruit borer

indicated the appearance of Helicoverpa armigera from

December month onwards and that was present in the

field until February.

During September months, the incidence of

mites as well as thrips was low. However, from

October onwards the population increased until

December, afterwards it showed decling trends. In

IPM plots, the mean thrips population was 2.06 per

leaf with 0.15 LCI per plant was noticed

during October month while Non- IPM plot recorded

2.56 thrips per leaf with 0.18 LCI per plant.

However, the mite incidence was high during

November month with a mean population of 1.77

per leaf in IPM plot as against 2.46 in Non IPM

plot and leaf curl due to mites in both IPM and

Non IPM plot was 0.18 and 0.29 per plant, respectively.

Overall the mite incidence in chilli was low during

the current season. Incidence of aphids and whitefly

on IPM plot not recorded. Maximum aphids

population of 2.61 per plant was noticed during

December month and it may be due to use of

pyrethroids. Similarly, incidence of whitefly was 0.02

in IPM plot while in Non IPM plot low incidence of

white fly was noticed at early stage of crop growth and

the population was negligible.

The incidence of leaf spot was high in the month

of October and started declining thereafter both in

IPM and farmers plot (Non IPM). With the IPM

interventions, the mean incidence was 8.95 per cent

in IPM plots while in non-IPM plots it was. In general,

the powdery mildew appeared in middle of the season

by third week of November and reached its peak

between end of November and beginning of December.

The mean incidence was 15.95 per cent in IPM plot

as against 18.58 per cent in non-IPM plots. Fruit rot

incidence started in December and reached its peak

in January. The incidence of dieback was higher in

Non-IPM plot as compared to IPM plots. The

incidence of wilt or root rot was 11.99 per cent in IPM

plot as against 13.40 per cent in Non-IPM plot. The

incidence of wilt started late in the season by January.

However, incidence of wilt was slightly more in Non-

IPM plot as compared to IPM plot which is mainly

due to soil application of the Trichoderma enriched

FYM, use of P.fluorescens, neem cake and vermin

compost (Table 7).

Table 7. Pest incidence in IPM and FP fields of hot pepperin Nelahal, Raichur (Karnataka) during 2010-11

Pest IPM FPThrips /leaf 2.06 2.56Leaf curl index/plant 0.15 0.18Mites/leaf 1.77 2.46Leaf curl index/plant 0.18 0.29Aphids/plant 0.00 0.40White fly/plant 0.02 0.10S. Litura larvae/15 cm dia 1.06 1.42S. litura damage 2.89 6.27Fruit borer/plant 0.45 1.26Fruit borer (%) 3.15 8.73DiseasesLeaf spot (PDI) 8.95 10.60Powdery mildew (PDI) 15.95 18.58Dieback-anthracnose (PDI) 14.32 16.69Fusarium wilt (%) 11.99 13.40

Yield and economics of IPM

The adoption of IPM technology in hot pepper

resulted in reduction of the number of sprays to 15

from 25-30 in non-IPM fields. During 2009-10 the

average dry chilli yield was 35.5 q/ha with a net profit

Rs. 209900/- in IPM plot as against 25.5 q/ha with a

net profit of Rs. 141400 in non-IPM plot. However, in

2010-2011, the IPM plot recorded an average yield of

30.70 q/ha with a net profit of Rs. 261204/- as against

25.0 q/ha of dry chilli with a net profit of Rs. 200956/-,

45

a gain of Rs. 60248/- over non-IPM resulting in the

higher CBR in IPM as against non-IPM fields,

respectively. Adoption of IPM appeared to decrease

the cost of cultivation significantly than non-IPM fields

(Table 8).

Natural enemies

Predatory population viz., Coccinellids and

Chrysoperla was more in IPM plot compared to Non-

IPM plot. A large build up of natural enemies especially

Coccinellids 0.81/plant and Chrysoperla 0.17/plant was

observed in IPM fields as compared to lower population

0.31 and 0.12 per plant, respectively recorded in

Farmer’s practices (FP) fields.

IPM Promotion

IPM promotional activities were carried out by

regularly visiting the adopted fields, interacting with

farmers, organizing the Farmers’ Field Schools (FFS’s),

Display of Visual-Aids and publicity through print &

electronic media etc.

Table 8. Economics of IPM technology in hot pepper inNelahal, Raichur (Karnataka) during 2010-11

Parameter IPM FPNumber of chemical sprays 10 17 (27)Number of biopesticides sprays 5 -Cost of plant protection (Rs/ha) 6389 9869Total cost of cultivation including 28389 34869plant protection (Rs/ha)Mean dry chilli yield (q/ha) 30.70 25.0Gross return (Rs/ha) 289593 235825Net return (Rs/ha) 261204 200956C:B ratio 1:10.2 1:6.7

Vegetables

46

NCIPM ANNUAL REPORT 2010–11

IPM UNDER PROTECTED CULTIVATION

Cucumber

IPM components

A study on comparative effectiveness of IPM and

non IPM components was conducted. Each module

was consisting of several operations. The variety used

was ‘Satis’ and plot size was 6 X 1 sq.m. The

experiment was laid out in a randomized block design

with 15 replications maintaining the spacing at 30 X

30 cm. In IPM module, bioagents like T. harzianum,

P. fluorescens and combination of both were used for

controlling the soil borne pathogens and biopesticides

like Agrospray and Azadirachtin were used for

controlling the insect pests. Necessary cultural

operations following gap protocol were carried out as

and when required in IPM treatments. Fertilizer

application and soil drenching practices were common

for both IPM and Non-IPM treatments. The

economics of IPM module and non-IPM module were

worked out.

Pest incidence in cucumber

Key pests observed were mites, fusarium, Damping

off, Root-Knot Nematode (Fig.1) and their effects were

found significantly reduced in IPM module compared

to non-IPM module. The results obtained are given

below.

1. The average mites and thrips species population

was 5.80 and 0.59 respectively per leaf in IPM as

compared to 10.50 and 1.15 in non-IPM.

2. The average disease incidence of Fusarium wilting

(%) and damping off (%) was 9.26 and 8.61

respectively in IPM compared to 15.77 and 17.87

in non-IPM.

3. Root Knot nematode infestation (%) was also less

in IPM 3.85 in comparison to 5.06% in non-IPM.

4. Total affected plant by disease, insect and

nematode recorded was 19.81% in IPM as

compared to 37.56% in non-IPM.

5. The mean cost benefit ratio of IPM is 1:3.98 as

compared to 1:3.18 of non-IPM treatment.

6. Combination of azadirachtin and Agrospray

(0.5%) was the most effective component of IPM

for controlling the sucking pest.

7. Of the potential biological control agents tested

in this study, the treatment combination of

Pseudomonas f luorescens and Trichoderma

harzianum was most consistent and effectively

controlled disease incidence compared to other

treatments.

Grafting in cucumber for resistance against pests

An experiment was conducted for grafting in

cucurbits for imparting resistance against pests in

CPCT nursery using cucumber as scion and pumpkin,

bottle gourd and summer squash as resistant root

stocks. Trials for grafting have been successful however,

Red Spider mites Root knot nematodeFusarium wilt Damping off

Fig.1 Various pests and their damage recoorded in cucumber

47

Effect of different treatments including chemicaland bioagents on soil borne pathogens using anunderground root observation chamber(rhizotron) on cucumber

The experiment was conducted in CPCT

greenhouse, IARI, during October 2010 to observe the

effect of 12 treatments on cucumber cultivation. The

observations of roots were taken through use of

rhizotron. The treatments were Steam sterilization,

Sterilized soil, Dazomet, Metam sodium, STTC,

Carbofuran, Trichoderma harzianum (Th), Pseudomonas

fluorescens (Pf), mixture of Th and Pf, Bavistin, Neem

seed powder including control. All the treatments

consistently gave effective results in controlling soil

borne pathogens except dazomet. Maximum damping

off was observed in dazomet treated plot (44%). Metam

sodium and Sterilized soil were most effective in

controlling the root knot nematode.

Tomato

Screening of tomato germplasm for biologicalstress under open field condition

About 200 tomato accessions grown in open field

of CPCT were evaluated for various biological stresses.

In laboratory, gall numbers per plant were counted

under microscope. At least three plants per accessions

were screened. Accessions with fewer or smaller galls

per plant were scored as partially resistant (0-1). All

accessions identified as partially resistant in initial

screens were retested in subsequent screens.

Approximately 60% and 80% of the accessions

exhibited insect and disease infestation, respectively

in open field screening. For 95% of the accessions, both

disease and insect problems were recorded.

Comparatively resistance was observed only in 5%

accessions.

a. 1st

screening: Screened more than 196 accessions

for resistance to biological stresses from the core

collection grown in open field of CPCT.

b. 2nd

screening: Screening was performed in

greenhouse in 2 weeks old seedlings especially for

root knot nematode.

c. 3rd

screening: Screening was performed in

greenhouse in 4 weeks old seedlings especially for

root knot nematodes.

d. 4th

screening: Comparatively resistant successions

were screened in pots using 50% sick soil and

50% nursery mixture.

IPM trials for soil-borne pathogens in tomato underprotected cultivation

An experiment was undertaken to address the

problem of soil-borne pathogens of tomato in

greenhouse with application of FYM and Bio control

agents (Trichoderma harzianum, Pseudomonas

fluorescens and Metarhizium anisopliae) alone and in

combination with each other. Results revealed that

the combination of FYM and bioagents T. harzianum

+ P. fluorescens reduced the percentage of infestation

and significantly reduced the mortality including root

gall index caused by nematode, Meloidogyne incognita

when the bioagents were administered at a higher dose.

the resistance screening of the same requires to be

conducted (Fig. 2).

Fig. 2 Grafting in cucumber

Fig. 3 Management of soil-borne pathogens in green house

IPM under Protected Cultivation

48

NCIPM ANNUAL REPORT 2010–11

A considerable post application increase in bioagents

was also observed. There was 69.3% reduction of

Fusarium wilt in T. harzianum treated beds followed by

P. fluorescens (46.7%) and M. anisopliae (14.1%).

Significant yield increase (approx. 30%) observed in

IPM beds (Fig. 3).

Efficacy of bio-agents against soil bornepathogens in Gerbera

The experiment was carried out to test the

compatibility of bioagents i.e. T. harzianum and P.

fluorescens in single dose and double dose to control

wilt disease of greenhouse-grown gerbera. Data

obtained from the trial carried out demonstrated that

these bioagents could play an important role in the

integrated control of soil borne diseases of gerbera.

Combination of bioagents in double dose was more

effective (8.33% affected) in comparison to

combination of bioagents in single dose (16.67%

affected)

Efficacy of pesticides against caterpillars andaphids in chrysanthemum

For controlling chrysanthemum caterpillars and

aphids, efficacy of 5 pesticides (biorational and

conventional) like agricultural spray oil, azadirachtin,

phosphamidon, cypermethrin, spinosad and their

combinations were tested separately for each pest. The

experiment was laid out in a randomized block design

with 16 treatments replicated 3 times including

control. Two sprays were performed, at an interval of

15 days. The observations were recorded before the

spray as well as 1, 2, 3, 7 and 10 days after each spray.

Results are given below.

• All the pesticides recording 15% to 100% insect

mortality proved significantly superior to control.

• The combined treatments were most effective in

comparison to the individual treatment.

• The treatment combination of phosphamidon and

cypermethrin was the most effective for both the

pest (96 - 100 % mortality).

• The effectiveness of the individual treatment of

agricultural spray oil and azadirachtin was

decreased immediately after 3 days of spraying,

whereas combine treatment of both showed very

effective (50 -75% mortality) and long lasting (upto

10 days) results.

Protected cultivation of high value vegetables andcut flowers-a value chain approach

A survey for the disease and pest profile in

protected cultivation of vegetables and cut flowers

were undertaken in Bangalore and Kolhapur region.

Among the insect pests, red spider mite and thrips

were found in almost all the crops surveyed (colored

capsicum, cucumber, rose, gerbera and carnation)

while wilts and rots were major concern in carnation

and colored capsicum. Root knot nematode infestation

in carnation was particularly high (70 %) in Kolhapur

region. Powdery mildew, downy mildew, spots and

blights were also encountered during the survey in

various crops, which were effectively managed through

proper and timely application of fungicides. Lettuce

iceberg, basil and leek were found free from pests. Leaf

miner in gerbera and zukini were major cause of

concern wherever grown.

49

BIOLOGICAL CONTROL

Development, validation, utilization and / or

Commercialization of biopesticides and

bioinoculants

Maintenance of culture

Culture of different microbials mainly Verticillium

lecanii, Beauveria bassiana, Metarhizium anisopliae,

Trichoderma spp., Bacillus thuringiensis, Pseudomonas

fluorescence, Actinomycetes, Photorhabdus,

Xenorhabdu, received from different centres, were

maintained under laboratory conditions.

Evaluation of growth media for Fusariumpallidoroseum

Fusarium pallidoroseum, (Delhi and CICR, Sirsa

isolates) were grown on six different growing media

viz., Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA), Oat Meal Agar

(OMA), Nutrient Agar (NA), Sabouraud Dextrose

Agar (SDA), Czapek Malt Agar (CMA) and Czapek

Dox Agar (CDA) for suitability of growth and

sporulation. Potato Dextrose Agar was found to be the

best medium followed by SDA, CDA, CMA, OMA

and Nutrient Agar. Variation in the size and structure

of the colonies and mycelium / spore formation were

obtained on different media (Table 1, Figs. 1 and 2).

Different substrata viz. sorghum grains, broken rice,

cow dung and rice husk were also tested for mass

multiplication of the isolates (Table 2 and Fig. 3). Rice

husk was found be the best substrate followed by

sorghum grains, broken rice and cow dung. Maximum

number of spores (per gram) was obtained on rice husk.

Table 1. Growth of F. pallidoroseum on different media

S. Media used Spore count per gm of massNo. NCIPM Isolate Sirsa Isolate1. Potato Dextrose Agar 8.20 x 106 7.83 x 106

2. Oat Meal Agar 1.65 x 105 1.11 x 105

3. Nutrient Agara 8.03 x 104 9.3 x 104

4. Sabouraud Dextrose 5.45 x 106 8.14 x 106

Agar5. Czapek Malt Agar 3.00 x 106 3.02 x 106

6. Czapek Dox Agar 5.10 x 106 4.59 x 106

Fig 1. Variation in the growth of F. pallidoroseum in different media (PDA-Potato Dextrose Agar, OMA-Oat Meal Agar, NA-Nutrient Agar,

SDA-Sabouraud Dextrose Agar, CMA-Czapek Malt Agar, CDA-Czapek Dox Agar)

50

NCIPM ANNUAL REPORT 2010–11

Shelf life study of bio agents

Half lid of the bio formulations of V. lecanii,

M. anisopliae , Trichoderma harzianum and T. viride

and F. pallidoroseum isolates (Delhi and Sirsa)

(Table3) were studied under laboratory conditions.

The bio formulations of these four bioagents were

made on talc base. For experimentations three

Fig 2. Spores of Fusarium pallidoroseum, on different media (Delhi and CICR, Sirsa isolates)

Table 2. Mass multiplication of F. pallidoroseum on differentsubstrata

S. Substrate used Spore count per gm of massNo. NCIPM Isolate Sirsa Isolate1. Sorghum Grains 1.65 x 1010 1.62 x 1010

2. Broken Rice 5.50 x 108 6.50 x 108

3. Cow Dung 3.00 x 104 3.25 x 104

4. Rice Husk 2.05 x 1010 2.45 x 1010

Fig 3. Fusarium pallidoroseum on different substrata

51

sets of each the formulations were prepared;

one set at room temp (range 10-20 0

C), the second

set in BOD (26 +1 0

C) and the third in refrigerator

(40

C +1). CFU of these bioformulations were

counted initially and then at one month intervals

(Tables 4).

Screening of plant extracts against insect

pests and fungal pathogens of crop plants

Out of 16 plant extracts selected for screening for

bio-assay studies, 4 plant extracts were observed to

give promising antifungal, insecticidal and antifeedant

activity against various tested organisms. The fungi

selected for in-vitro experiment were Rhizoctonia

bataticola, R. solani, P. aphanidermatum, Sclerotinia rolfsii,

S. sclerotiorum, Aletrnaria alternata and Fusarium

oxysporum. The insect pests chosen for study were

spodoptera litura and aphids.

Development of mechanical devices needed

for pest management

The IPM tools were designed, fabricated,

developed and studied. The IPM tools viz., - “Light

trap safer to beneficial insects” (Patent application No.

Table 3. Details of cultures received during 2010-11

S. Culture (Entomopathogen / ReceivedNo. Antagonistic) from1. Verticillium lecanii (isolate VL 5) NBAII (PDBC)

Bengaluru2. Metarhizium anisopliae (isolate Ma 4) -do-3. Trichoderma harzianum (isolate Th KSD) -do-4. Trichoderma viride (isolate Tv 97) -do-5. Fusarium pallidoroseum (Delhi and CICR, Sirsa

Sirsa isolate)

Table 4. CFU count of Verticillium lecanii , Metarhizium anisopliae, Trichoderma harzianum, Trichoderma viride and Fusariumpallidoroseum at different temperature and time intervals in Talc based Formulation

Duration of storage CFU count at different temperatureRoom Temp* 260 C 40 C

1. Verticillium lecanii (isolate VL 5)Initial 2.1 x 109 2.1 x 109 2.1 x 109

1 month 2.050 x 109 2.050 x 109 2.575 x 109

2 month 1.283 x 109 1.416 x 109 1.716 x 109

3 month 1.083 x 109 1.017 x 109 1.533 x 109

2. Metarhizium anisopliae (isolate Ma 4)Initial 1.9 x 109 1.9 x 109 1.9 x 109

1 month 1.850 x 109 1.850 x 109 1.850 x 109

2 month 1.383 x 109 1.533 x 109 1.733 x 109

3 month 1.150 x 109 1.017 x 109 1.483 x 109

3. Trichoderma harzianum (isolate Th KSD)Initial 2.2 x 109 2.2 x 109 2.2 x 109

1 month 2.175 x 109 2.175 x 109 2.150 x 109

2 month 1.567 x 109 1.483 x 109 1.716 x 109

3 month 1.366 x 109 1.167 x 109 1.500 x 109

4.Trichoderma viride (isolate Tv 97)Initial 2.0 x 109 2.0 x 109 2.0 x 109

1 month 1.750 x 109 2.025 x 109 2.075 x 109

2 month 1.417 x 109 1.533 x 109 1.583 x 109

3 month 1.217 x 109 1.033 x 109 1.417 x 109

5. Fusarium pallidoroseum (Delhi isolate)Initial 1.933 x 109 1.933 x 109 1.933 x 109

1 month 1.308 x 109 1.412 x 109 1.541 x 109

6. Fusarium pallidoroseum (Sirsa islate)Initial 1.908 x 109 1.908 x 109 1.908 x 109

1 month 1.291 x 109 1.591 x 109 1.608 x 109

(* Room temperature ranged from 10-200 C)

Biological Control

52

NCIPM ANNUAL REPORT 2010–11

1822/DEL/2010) (inventors: Surender Kumar Singh

and O.M. Bambawale), “Device for beneficial insects”

(Patent application No. 1137/DEL/2010) (inventors:

Surender Kumar Singh and O.M.Bambawale) and

“Light trap for managing insects” (inventors: Surender

Kumar Singh and O.M.Bambawale) were designed and

developed. Light trap is an important tool of IPM. By

using this new light trap, one can manage many insect

pests (viz., H. armigera, S. litura, semiloopers, hairy

caterpillars, beetles etc.) by mass trapping of both the

sexes and on the other hand it is safer to the beneficial

insects particularly the parasitoids (mostly egg, larval

and egg-larval parasitoids).

The “Device for beneficial insects” for

conservation and enhancement of the population of

beneficial insects (i.e., larval parasitoid wasps) in the

crop fields. These parasitoid wasps parasitize the

harmful insect pests present on the crop plants and

may thus control the harmful insect pests’ population.

They may thus get further multiplied, hence, it triggers

a dynamic process. It is an important tool of IPM.

Technologies commercialized

Our institute has issued the licenses of these

equipments to “M/S Fine Traps (India), 6 Sawarkar

Market Datta Chowk, Yavatmal, Maharashtra,

445001” under Public-Private Partnership for

commercial scale production and marketing to Govt.

as well as private sector.

a) Designing and development of “Device for

beneficial insects”

The different models of the above said device were

designed, developed and studied. The prototypes were

fabricated. The suitable prototype models were

fabricated with different materials and studied. The

special precaution to withstand the hardship of field

conditions, rains, rusting, ants, rats, pesticides

applications and provisions of pesticide contamination

was given due consideration in finalization of the final

model.

The “Device for beneficial insects” has been

designed and developed for conservation and

enhancement of the population of beneficial insects

(i.e., larval parasitoid wasps) in the crop fields. The

objective of this device is to facilitate the multiplication

of larval parasitoid in the crop fields. The device

provides an easily available food source and an

alternative oviposition site to the parasitoid, allowing

parasitoid numbers to increase in abundance in the

crop fields. The device was designed, fabricated,

refined and studied. These parasitoid wasps parasitize

the harmful insect pests present on the crop plants

and may thus control the harmful insect pests’

population. They may thus get further multiplied;

hence, it triggers a dynamic process. It is an important

tool of IPM. It can be used in many crops like: Paddy,

Sorghum, Okra, Pulses, tomato, maize etc. for the

control of lepidopteran insect pests.

b) The innovative insect light traps

The different innovative insect light traps were

designed, fabricated, developed, studied and finalized

to use in the crop fields. The innovative light trap

designed, fabricated, studied are:

S.N. Name of inventioni “Light trap having insect sorting filters”ii Light trap safer to beneficial insectsiii Light trap for managing insects

The material suitability and their field suitability

were considered and accordingly the prototype having

plastic body was finalized. The special precaution to

with stand the hardship of field conditions, rains,

rusting, electric shocks etc was given due consideration

in finalization of the final model.

The light trap safer to beneficial insects were

designed to save them particularly the parasitoids, non

targeted insects from mortality.

The precise advantages of the light trap are:

(i) It can be used to monitor or mass trap the

population of phototrophic insects in the crop

fields. The mass trapping of both the sexes reduces

the insect pest population in the fields.

(ii) The application of chemical pesticides can be

minimized by the use of this trap.

(iii)It is durable and can be used year after year.

53

(iv)Expenditure on pesticides and their application will

decrease.

(v) The key insect pests of field crops, vegetable crops,

fruit orchards, and organic cultivation can be mass

trapped by using this light trap.

(vi)During rains, most of the insecticides are washed

away. The light trap, on the other hand, continues

catching harmful insect pests.

Habitat management in paddy and

vegetable crops for augmentation and

conservation of natural enemies

A field trial on large scale validation of straw

bundle technology for conservation of spiders in rice

was conducted in Sibouli (Sonepat, Haryana) with

Pusa Sugandh 4 (Pusa Basmati 1121) in 5 ha field as

a component of IPM. The straw bundles (charged with

spiders in sorghum for 10 days) were installed in rice

field @ 20 bundles/ha after 20 days of seedlings

transplanting. The observations made at 10 days

interval on yellow stem borer and leaf folder indicated

low infestation in the rice field (2-5 %; 10-13 %;

respectively) having straw bundles as compared to

fields without straw bundle (8-10 %; 16-19 %;

respectively) whereas the population of spiders

remained significantly high (3-4 spider/hill) in these

fields as compared to other fields (1-2 spider/hill). The

Brown Plant Hopper which appeared in high

population (50-80 /plant) in most of the fields

remained significantly low (20-30 /plant) in the fields

having straw bundles.

Biological Control

54

NCIPM ANNUAL REPORT 2010–11

PEST SCENARIO, SURVEILLANCE AND FOREWARNING

Field survey for emerging key pests in

Bt cotton

Papaya Mealybug (Paracoccus marginatus)

I. Tamil Nadu

Field survey was conducted in different places in

Coimbatore, Salem, Perambular and Tiruchirapalli

districts of Tamil Nadu from 28th

April to 2nd

May, 2010

to observe the infestation and species composition of

mealybugs on different field crops, host plants and

weeds. Subject matter specialist from KVK Perambalur

also joined the team during the survey. During the visit

the following observations were made:

• In Coimbatore district Veerampalayam,

Thondamuthur, Thennmanallur, Siruvani Road,

Perur and Allampalayam Annur villages were

surveyed for infestation of mealybug. At

Veerampalayam, the papaya mealybug (PMB),

Paracoccus marginatus was found infesting brinjal,

teak, papaya, tulsi, guava, Parthenium and

Sundakkai (Turkey berry; Canthium inerme). The

infestation on these plants was severe. On guava

and teak plants two species of mealybugs were

observed; P. marginatus was the major species

followed by striped mealybug, Ferrisia virgata.

• At Thondamuthur, Thennmanallur and Siruvani

Road, tomato, cauliflower and marigold crops,

respectively, were free from PMB infestation. One

pigeonpea plant at Thondamuthur near a tomato

field was heavily infested with P. marginatus.

Jatropha plants near roadsides and in different

neglected areas were found infested with PMB. Red

ants were also associated with mealybugs.

• At Allampalayam Annur (bordering Erode district)

mulberry plantations were heavily infested with P.

marginatus. Though different types of

55

hymenopterous and dipteran parasitoids, spiders

and coccinellid predator (Scymnus sp.) were

available in the field, their role in containing the

mealybug infestation appeared to be negligible due

to presence of heavy waxy covering over ovisac

and mealybug nymphs and adults, and presence of

long waxy threads which did not allow these

natural enemies to approach the mealybug nymphs

and females easily. Moreover, the problem was

further aggravated as the pruning of mulberry crop

was done in piecemeal, and therefore, the crawlers

of the mealybug (PMB) got sufficient time for

migration and settlement on the pruned crop from

the old crop. Farmers also allowed goats and other

animals to graze in pruned fields which also aided

in spread of the mealybug crawlers from infested

to non infested fields. One farmer had already

uprooted the mulberry plantation due to the heavy

infestation of PMB.

• At CICR Regional Station, Coimbatore the papaya

mealybug was found infesting silk cotton plant and

Hibiscus sinensis. On H. sinensis, its lepidopteran

predator Spalgis epius (Lycaenid) was also observed.

S. epius has earlier been reported by NBAII,

Bangalore as an important predator on papaya

mealybug. However, this predator was not found

at any other place during the field survey.

1. Papaya mealybug (PMB) infested mulberry plant;

2. Piecemeal pruning; 3. Pruned mulberry plant infested with PMB

• At Allampalayam Annur striped mealybug (F.

virgata) and red ant association was noticed on

custard apple fruit. Also the mealybug incidence

was noticed on the lower surface of banana leaf.

Mealybug on custard apple in association with

Spalgis epius moth (left) and pupa (right)

• At Attur town in Salem district, 1 or 2 papaya trees

on road side were found infested with PMB.

However, tapioca plantation in about 5 ha field

was free from mealybug infestation. Last year

tapioca crop in this area was severely infested with

PMB. As the plantation was in progress, therefore,

the planting materials in the form of sticks was

stocked near the tapioca crop. All these sticks on

their nodes were infested with papaya mealybug.

Generally, before planting, these sticks in parts are

soaked for 1 hr in dichlorvos (76%EC; @10 ml/

litre of water) to disinfest the mealybug from

planting material. But the major drawback in this

methodology was that the treatment of planting

material by chemical insecticide was done only in

parts as per the requirement, and therefore, the

chances of the movement of crawlers of mealybug

from the main stock to the main crop were more.

The stock near the tapioca crop acted as a reservoir

for continuous movement of papaya mealybug

crawlers from sticks to the newly growing crop.

• At Annakkur village in Perambular district, guava

orchard was severely infested with mealybug

complex. Among different species, the

predominant species was Pink mealybug

Pest Scenario, Surveillance and Forewarning

56

NCIPM ANNUAL REPORT 2010–11

(Maconellicoccus hirsutus) followed by P. marginatus

and F. virgata. In the same village certain farmers

had taken ratoon cotton which was heavily infested

with cotton mealybug (Phenacocus solenopsis). In

this crop, most of the mealybugs were found

parasitized with Aenasius bambawalei. In the field

1. Tapioca sticks stocked in field for planting; 2. Mealybug infested sticks; 3. Closer view of a mealybug colony on an internode

1. Guava fruit infested with mealybug complex; 2. Different species

of mealybugs

the adults of A. bambawalei were also found

parasitizing the mealybugs.

• Many papaya plants growing in Periambular in city

limits within house premises/ gardens were heavily

infested with papaya mealybug.

Papaya plant severely infested

57

II. Maharashtra

• Lonikand (Taluka- Hawali): At Papaya orchard

at Lonikand (Taluka- Hawali. Pune) which is 21

km away from Pune, many papaya plants in this

field were heavily infested with papaya mealybug,

Paracoccus marginatus in June, 2010. In this field

its exotic parasitoid, Acerophagous papayae was also

observed for the first time in August, 2010. As the

parasitoid appeared by itself, therefore, there are

chances that the parasitoid also got entry in India

along with P. marginatus.

• During the field visit (20-21 October, 2010) no

further spread of the infestation of P. marginatus to

fresh papaya trees was observed. Intensity of the

papaya mealybug was also not increased on the

infested fruits but the population of its parasitoid,

A. papayae was significantly increased (ranging

from 20 to 400 adults per fruit). A number of

mealybugs were also found parasitized by the

parasitoid. In these parasitized mealybugs, the wax

covering was reduced and the colour of the

mealybug changed to light brown.

• At IARI Regional Station located in Pune, most

of the papaya trees as well as fruits were free from

P. marginatus infestation except a few old leaves in

the entire orchard which were heavily infested with

P. marginatus and were also carrying plenty of A.

papayae adults. Parasitization of the mealybug on

these leaves was very high (>60%).

• At NARP Regional Fruit Station, Ganeshkhind,

Pune, neither mealybug nor parasitoids were seen

on papaya plants. The farm in charge informed that

they had applied chemical insecticides 4-5 times

to manage the pest. The fruits on the plants were

reduced in size and most of the plants were without

leaves. Only fresh leaves were visible. Thus, heavy

pesticide spray seem to reduce the performance of

the natural enemies

• At Thillai Nagar / Trichy town, many trees in the

city were severely infested with PMB.

A tree in the Trichy town heavily infested with papaya mealybug

Acerophagus papayae adults (left) on papaya fruit; Parasitized

papaya mealybug

Management strategies

• The stock of tapioca planting material acts as a

reservoir for continuous movement of papaya

mealybug from planting material to the main crop.

There is a need that all the planting material,

before stocking in the field, should be treated with

chemical insecticides. A small barrier of insecticide

dust (Chlorpyriphos 1.5 % dust/ malathion 5% DP)

can also be made around the stock planting

material to check the movement of crawlers/ ants

from stock.

• Proper identification of mealybug species before

initiating the control measures is necessary.

• Proper phytosanitation of planting material, a fruit

etc., before moving to other states is required.

• Intensive regular survey would be necessary to find

out efficient parasitoid/predator/pathogen

• Piecemeal harvesting of mulberry crop need to

be avoided/monitored for preventing spread of the

pest.

• Conservation and redistribution of Acerophagous

papayae: In Pune district A. papayae was found

Pest Scenario, Surveillance and Forewarning

58

NCIPM ANNUAL REPORT 2010–11

parasitizing papaya mealybug in different papaya

orchards at different places. Population of adults

of A. papayae at certain papaya fruits was more

than 400 adults/fruit. There is a need to bring much

awareness among farmers. Chemical pesticides

should be avoided in the fields where the

parasitoids are present. The parasitoid should be

redistributed in the fields/areas where the

parasitoid population is not sufficient or completely

absent.

Mirid bug

• At Salem district observations were made on the

infestation of insect pests and diseases in summer

cotton. Cotton plants especially squares and bolls

were infested with mirid bugs. About 30% green

bolls were showing parrot beak symptom caused

by mirid bug. Small punctures (black in colour)

caused by mirid bug were visible on cotton bolls.

(Hisar), A R S, Rajasthan Agricultural University,

(Banswara), Anand Agricultural University (Anand),

KVK, Main Dry farming Research Station, JAU, (Rajkot),

Cotton Research Station, JNKVV (Khandwa), Cotton

Section, Dr. PDKV (Akola, Buldana), KVK, Kharpudi

(Jalna), KVK (Ahmednagar), KVK, Jamnikunta(

Karimnagar), KVK, Regional Agricultural Research

Station, ANGRAU (A.P.), KVK, Gokak, Belgaum; KVK

(Mysore), KVK, Perambalur (T.N.), Weather data

mining centre – CRIDA (Hyderabad), Red leaf disease

demonstration trials, Dr.PDKV (Akola)

During 2010-11, under the NISPM project two

new centres have been include for conducting specific

experiments. The first centre, Weather Mining Centre

at CRIDA (Hyderabad) has been entrusted with the

work of correlating weather data with pest data to draw

weather pest maps and to developing forewarning

system. The second centre, Dr. PDKV, Akola was given

the responsibility for conducting demonstration trial

on the management of leaf reddening.

Insect pests, diseases and beneficial naturalenemies

Compilation of data from different centres

indicated that leaf reddening emerged as a serious

problem (crossed ETL at 1964 occasions) followed by

mealybug (crossed ETL at 729 occasions), wilt (crossed

ETL at 290 occasions) and jassids (crossed ETL at 201

occasions) (Table 1). Problems of local importance

prevailing were Leaf Curl Virus Disease in north India

especially in Punjab and Haryana and mired bug in

South India especially at Peramblur.

Population dynamics of sucking pest in Bt cotton

indicated that jassid population at Khandwa ,

Banswara and Anand had mean population of jassids

near Economic Threshold Level (ETL) during early,

mid an late season, receptively (Fig .1 ). Mealybug

incidence at Mysore and Anand recorded upto 80%

incidence during August and November, respectively

(Fig.2).

H. armigera has also made its appearance in Bt

cotton at Anand, Rajkot and Jalna in August and

September and other months (Table 2). Similarly

Earias spp. (Table 3) and Pectinophora gossypiella

(Table 4) have also appeared in Bt cotton. Appearance

Summer cotton with mired bug infestation (Upper-Summer

cotton; Lower left-Mirid bug infested plant; Lower right-green boll

showing parrot beak symptom

National Information System for Pest

Management (Bt cotton)

Centres

KVK, PAU Regional Station (Faridkot), CCSHAU

59

Table 1. Insect pest and diseases in different districts crossed ETL

Pest Name of the districts No. of occasions above ETLJassid Ahmednagar, Anand, Buldhana, Faridkot, Jalna, Khandwa, 210 (23, 75, 23, 18, 10, 36, 7, 9)

Rajkot, PerambalurThrips Mysore 1Mealybug incidence Ahmednagar, Anand, Buldhana, Faridkot, Jalna, Karimnagar, 729 (9, 185, 27, 51, 15, 22, 90, Mysore,

Rajkot, Guntur, Belgaum, Banswara 17, 101, 152, 60)Mealy bugseverity Anand, Mysore, Belgaum 178 (85, 78, 15)Mirid bug Jalna, Perambalur, Belgaum 21 (2, 1, 18)ABW Jalna, Mysore, Banswara 4 (1,1, 2)Leaf reddening Ahmednagar, Anand, Buldhana, Faridkot, Hisar, Jalna, 1964 (385, 115, 158, 26, 17, 118,

Karimnagar, Khandwa, Mysore, Rajkot, Perambalur, Guntur, 82, 244, 13, 175, 427, 38, 140, 26)Belgaum, Banswara

CLCuD Faridkot 2Wilt Ahmednagar, Faridkot, Hisar, Jalna, Karimnagar, Khandwa, 290 (13, 4,1, 28, 17, 1, 4, 58, 5, 3, 1, 2)

Mysore, Rajkot, Perambalur, Guntur, Belgaum, Banswara

Table 4. Trend of Pectinophora gossypiella infestation in Bt cotton

Centre Jan Feb March April May Jun July Aug Sept Oct Nov DecFaridkotAnandRajkotKhandwa

of bollworms in Bt cotton, though below ETL, is a

matter of great concern because it is an indication that

the bollworms are slowly developing resistance to Bt

toxins and in coming years they may pose a serious

threat to Bt cotton.

Table 2. Trend of Helicoverpa armigera infestation in Bt cotton

Centre Jan Feb March April May Jun July Aug Sept Oct Nov DecAnandRajkotJalna

Table 3. Trend of Earias sp. infestation in Bt cotton

Centre Jan Feb March April May Jun July Aug Sept Oct Nov DecAnandJalna

Fig. 1 Seasonal dynamics of jassids (2010-11) Fig. 2 Seasonal dynamics of mealybug incidence (2010-11)

Pest Scenario, Surveillance and Forewarning

60

NCIPM ANNUAL REPORT 2010–11

Beneficial natural enemies, which are indicator

of good agricultural practices, were present at most of

the places with varying in numbers. Highest population

of Chrysoperla, ladybird beetles and spiders were

recorded at Rajkot, Banswara and Anand, respectively

(Fig. 3).

Chang,ing scenario of sap feeders and effect ofclimatic variability

The sensitivity and adaptive capacity of the

jassids, thrips and mirids to climatic variability was

Fig.3. Population of beneficial natural enemies at different locations

analysed based on data sets of seasonal dynamics

over eight seasons (2001-2008) using weather

variables measured at the Nagpur observatory

(21°09’N, 79°09' E), Maharashtra. Correlation of

the standard week wise incidence of sap feeders

with corresponding weather variables viz., maximum

and minimum temperature (°C), morning

and evening relative humidity (%), total rainfall

(mm) and rainy days (nos) indicated variations of

inter seasonal weather influence on the sap feeders

(Table 5 – 7).

Table 5. Correlation coefficients (r) for association of jassids with weather variables

Particulars 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008Maximum temperature 0.15 -0.32 -0.01 0.37 0.23 0.20 -0.55 -0.34Minimum temperature 0.42 0.69 -0.03 0.69 0.52 0.35 0.54 0.74Morning relative humidity 0.20 0.57 -0.08 0.61 0.54 0.26 0.64 0.49Evening relative humidity 0.18 0.59 -0.09 0.51 0.48 0.12 0.64 0.61Rainfall 0.34 0.43 -0.31 -0.11 0.46 -0.20 0.22 -0.45Rainy days 0.11 0.66 -0.16 -0.05 0.53 0.04 0.18 0.40Number of observations (n) 17 14 20 13 25 22 16 17

Figures of correlation coefficients( r) in italics and bold are significant at P< 0.05

61

However, one way ANOVA done based on data

sets of the common period of occurrence for the sap

feeders across seasons indicated the non significant

differences of weather variables but significant for

jassids and thrips across seasons clearly indicated the

absence of direct effect of climatic variability on sap

feeders (Table 8).

Table 6. Correlation coefficients (r) for association of thrips with weather variables

Particulars 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008Maximum temperature 0.09 -0.57 -0.36 -0.04 0.24 -0.30 -0.31 -0.64Minimum temperature 0.40 0.73 0.33 0.56 0.51 0.32 0.68 0.55Morning relative humidity 0.30 0.71 0.41 0.58 0.47 0.33 0.57 0.32Evening relative humidity 0.38 0.85 0.42 0.57 -0.36 0.33 0.70 0.70Rainfall 0.48 0.57 0.28 0.24 0.30 0.15 0.18 0.48Rainy days 0.34 0.68 0.56 0.26 0.30 0.17 0.30 0.53Number of observations (n) 23 15 20 13 30 22 17 16

Figures of correlation coefficients( r) in italics and bold are significant at P< 0.05

Table 7. Correlation coefficients (r) for association of mirids with weather variables

Particulars 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008Maximum temperature 0.61 0.6 -0.18 -0.11 0.63 0.42 -0.3Minimum temperature 0.17 0.18 -0.64 -0.43 -0.23 -0.16 0.67Morning relative humidity -0.04 -0.15 -0.38 -0.31 -0.31 -0.24 0.24Evening relative humidity -0.34 -0.21 -0.56 -0.5 -0.55 -0.39 0.65Rainfall -0.36 -0.32 -0.42 -0.36 -0.54 -0.17 0.3Rainy days -0.29 -0.36 -0.53 -0.47 -0.61 0 0.32Number of observations (n) 14 23 31 27 20 20 19

Figures of correlation coefficients( r) in italics and bold are significant at P< 0.05

Development of Decision Support System for

Management of Insect pests of major cotton

based Cropping Systems

Cotton mealy bug (P. Solenopsis)

Host plant distribution

Seventy one, 141, 124 and 194 species of plants

belonging to 27, 45, 43 and 50 families served as hosts

for P. solenopsis at North, Central, and South and across

all cotton growing zones, respectively. The diversity

of hosts for P. solenopsis was greater at Central (72.6%)

followed by South (63.9%) and North (36.6%) zones.

Weed hosts constituted 38, 58.9 and 47.5 per cent in

respect of North, Central and South zones. Out of the

total 194 hosts of P. solenopsis documented across the

country, 55.6% were weeds (Fig. 4). Largest number

of hosts of P. solenopsis was from weeds followed by

ornamentals, trees and vegetables and field crops. Fruit

plants and spice crops also served as hosts of P. solenopsis

(Table 9).

Table 8. ANOVaA on the status of sap feeders and weathervariables

Seasons Jassids Thrips Mirids/(nos/3 leaves) (nos/3 leaves) plant

2001 7.68 d 6.13ab -2002 2.53 abc 6.22ab 1.772003 3.39 bc 9.38ab 1.812004 2.85 abc 13.6b 0.942005 3.36 bc 4.58a 1.162006 3.71 c 3.93a 1.692007 1.11 a 1.89a 1.412008 1.36 ab 3.26a 1.21P < 0.05 3.01E-09 0.04 NSLSD 2.07 7.65

Pest Scenario, Surveillance and Forewarning

62

NCIPM ANNUAL REPORT 2010–11

Seasonality of host plants

Distribution of host plants of P. solenopsis was equal

(26) during crop and off seasons at North zone.

However at Central and South zones, off season (73

&52) hosts dominated over crop season hosts that were

equal (43). Number of hosts of crop and off seasons

was greater at South (29) over Central (25) and North

(19) zones (Table 10). Highest number of off season

hosts at Central zone indicated higher possibility of

pest carry over than other two zones.

The trend of P. solenopsis severity among host plants

Zone specific and common scenario of host plants

Number of North, Central and South zone specific

(exclusive) host plants was 22, 45 and 24 belonging to

13, 21 and 13 families. Weed hosts specific to zones

were 11, 36 and 13 in respect of North, Central and

South zones indicating the dominance of weeds as

exclusive hosts at Central zone. While common hosts

were minimal between North and Central (3), and

North and South (7) zones, the highest commonality

was observed between Central and South (54) zones.

Thirty nine hosts were common across all zones

dominated by weeds (13) followed by vegetables (8)

and ornamentals (6). Common hosts put together

outnumbering the exclusive hosts across zones (Table

12) indicated the regional similarity in preference of

hosts by P. solenopsis.

Although weeds dominated the exclusive hosts of

all three zones and common hosts of North-Central,

Central-South and North-Central-South, only one

weed host Portulaca grandiflora was common between

North-South zones. Field crops, vegetables and trees

outnumbered weeds among common hosts of North-

South zone.

Seasonality

The seasonality of the common hosts indicated the

dominance of off season hosts between Central and

Fig. 4 Distribution of host plants of P. solenopsis across families

Table 9. Distribution of host plants of P. solenopsis acrossplant categories

Host category Cotton growing zones All IndiaNorth Central South

Weeds 27 83 59 108Ornamentals 10 14 17 24Trees 10 11 15 18Vegetables 12 12 12 18Field crops 6 9 11 13Fruit plants 5 7 7 8Spices 1 5 3 5Total 71 141 124 194

Table 10. Seasonal distribution of hosts of P.solenopsis

Seasonality Cotton growing zoneNorth Central South

Crop season 26 43 43Off season 26 73 52Crop and off seasons 19 25 29Total 71 141 124

across zones was clearly different although G1 plants

were the highest at all zones. More number of Grade 1

hosts at all three zones indicated their possible role in

carryover than perpetuation of P. solenopsis. The host

plants with extreme severity (G4) were of the order:

Central > South > North and a total of 47 (24.2%)

hosts had G4 severity among the total host plants

documented for the country (Table 11).

Table 11. Distribution of severity of P.solenopsis amonghosts plants

Severity Cotton growing zone All IndiaNorth Central South

Grade I (G1) 29 61 57 81Grade II (G2) 12 31 35 42Grade III (G3) 13 12 13 24Grade IV (G4) 17 37 19 47Total 71 141 124 194

63

South and among all three zones (Table 13). Variations

of seasonality of same hosts across zones were also

noticed. Exactly 50% of hosts of all seasons at North

zone were weeds and the proportion of weeds was

higher at Central zone. No weed exclusively served as

P. solenopsis host during off season or during both crop

and off seasons at South zone.

Table 12. Distribution of zone specific and common hosts of P. solenopsis

Category North (N) Central (C) South (S) NC NS CS NCS TotalWeeds 11 36 13 2 1 32 13 108Ornamentals 4 3 6 - - 5 6 24Trees 3 - 2 - 2 6 5 18Vegetables 2 4 2 - 2 - 8 18Field crops 1 - 1 1 2 6 2 13Fruit plants 1 - - - - 3 4 8Spices - 2 - - - 2 1 5Total 22 45 24 3 7 54 39 194

severity was highly obvious among the common hosts

between Central and South zones implying the

ecological influences on the biology of P. solenopsis. No

common hosts between North and South zones had

extreme severity. Out of 39 common hosts across all

the three cotton zones three hosts of Malvaceae

(Hibiscus rosa-sinensis, Gossypium arboreum and

Table 13. Seasonality of exclusive and common hosts

Season Exclusive hosts (nos) Common hosts (nos)North Central South NC NS CS NCS

Hosts of cotton season 6(3) 16(13) 16(13) 2(1) 2 11(6) 7(3)Off season hosts 10(5) 21(17) 2(0) - 2 23(12) 12(3)Hosts of cotton and off seasons 6(3) 8(6) 6(0) - - 6(2) 6(2)

Figures within brackets are number of weed hosts out of total exclusive and common hosts

Severity

Data on severity of P. solenopsis indicated that 27,

18.2, 31.8 and 22.7 % of North zone specific host plants

had grades of G1, G2, G3 and G4 respectively. The

percentage of G1, G2, G3 and G4 severity among

exclusive hosts in respect of Central and South zones

was 46.7, 20, 6.6 and 26.7, and 54.2, 29.2, 8.3 and

8.3, respectively.

Among three common hosts between North and

Central zones, cotton had Grade 4 severity and the

other two hosts viz., Cyperus rotundus and Cynodon

dactylon had severity of Grade 1. Three weed hosts

viz., Euphorbia hirta and Euphorbia heterophylla

(Euphorbiaceae), and Corchorus trilocularis (Tiliaceae)

besides Murrya koenigii (Rutaceae) had Grade 4

severity at both Central and South zones. Twenty one,

eleven and three of the common hosts had Grade 1,

Grade 2 and Grade 3 severities of P. solenopsis,

respectively at Central and South zones. Differential

Gossypium hirsutum) and one each from Asteraceae

(Parthenium hysterophorus), Solanaceae (Lycopercicon

esculentum), Caricaceae (Carica papaya) and Aizoaceae

(Trianthema portulacastrum) had shown Grade 4

severity of P. solenopsis.

Spatial distribution of hosts of P. solenopsis

Host plants of P. solenopsis were largely located at

roadside in South (54) and North (38) zones over other

locations. Field located host plants were the highest

at Central zone (36) followed by South (34) and North

(26) zones. However, among all the host plants of P.

solenopsis at North zone, their distribution at fields was

the highest (26) followed by roadside (38). The host

plants exclusively distributed at border of fields (6),

within fields (36), border of fields and roadside (10),

within fields and field borders (12), within fields+field

borders+roadside (14) and within fields +field

borders+roadside+water channels (7) were the

highest at Central zone. Host plant distribution at

Pest Scenario, Surveillance and Forewarning

64

NCIPM ANNUAL REPORT 2010–11

within fields + roadside (19) and roadside (54) was

the highest for South zone.

Cultural management strategies for P. solenopsis

Management strategies were evolved based on the

seasonality, severity and spatial availability of host

plants of P. solenopsis to serve as a reminder for

exercising what, when and where of monitoring of P.

solenopsis host plants for early detection and their

management. General and specific recommendations

have been formulated for easy adoption across the

cotton growing zones of the country.

GPS based survey of S. litura

The extensive GPS based survey of S.litura on

soybean crop were done in the villages of viz.,

Bpavarpur Khurd, Dungerja, Kacholia, Chaki,

Jalimpura, Torn,Sultanpur, Khandgaon, Nautada,

Morpa, Benethia, Sanija,Bavdi, Umedpura, Badhod,

Bpavarpur, Latura, Laturi, Moinkala, Chinsa and ARS

Farm of Kota Distt.; villages Batoda, Siswali,

Navalpura, Chhaterpura, Raithal, Mundla, Stanya,

Baldevpura, Simli, Vijaypur, Aakri, Burari, Samaspur,

Baran, Kalamandi, Bamla, Btavari, Bmooliya, Kalan,

Anta, Playtha of Baran, Distt., villages Bharupura,

Bilasra, Chikla, Chikli, Soomer, Dobra, Khanpur,

Jhallawar of Distt. and villages Khedla,Jamitpura,

Leelera, Gumanpura, Khotya, Bundi, Talabgaon,

Bharvdagaon of Bundi, Distt. of Rajasthan during

Kharif season, 2010 and S. litura incidence was found

in traces on the soybean crop in all these villages.

However, the foliage damage due to semilooper was

high in these villages.

Dynamics of male moth catches of S. litura in

Soybean Based Cropping System

Fluctuations in the male moth catches of S. litura

was studied in soybean crop at three locations namely,

ARS, Kota, Dungerja village, Rajasthan and IARI,

research farm, New Delhi during rainy season of year

2010.

Locations Agricultural Research StationUmmedganj and Dugreja, Kota, Rajasthan

Soybean crop was sown between July 10 and 25th

2010. Pheromone traps were installed in the soybean

Location IARI, New Delhi

The population of insect pests was also recorded

in soybean crop in IARI New Delhi fields during

Kharif season 2010 The sex pheromone traps of

S. litura @ 5 traps/ha was installed in soybean field

for monitoring of adult population of S. litura. The

male moth catches of S. litura were trapped in

the pheromone traps throughout the crop season.

Very few catches (1-7 moth/trap/week) were recorded

from 35th

SMW to 42 SMW during 2010 compared

to 2008 and 09 (Fig. 7). The egg masses and caterpillars

fields after sowing to trap the male moths. Observations

on male moth catches of S. litura during rainy season

of year 2010 are shown in Fig.5 & 6. Peak of male

moth catches were recorded between 8th

-25th

SMW

and male moth catches were low, from April to

September including the soybean-growing season

Fig. 5. S. litura male moth catches in pheromone traps at ARS Kota

fields during Kharif season 2010

Fig. 6. Mean male moth catches of S.litura in soybean in village

Dugreja, Kota, Rajasthan during Kharif season 2010

65

of S. litura were not found during whole of the crop

season.

During all the three years, the regular catches of

S. litura in pheromone traps were observed, the mean

catch/trap/week has been depicted in the figures 8.

Fig. 7. Average catch of adult male moth of S. litura in soybean

fields at IARI, New Delhi (2010-11)

National Initiative on Climate Resilient Agriculture

(NICRA) – Pest and Disease dynamics in relation

to climate change

New mega research programme on “Pest and

Disease dynamics in relation to climate change” under

NICRA was formulated with major objectives of

assessing the changes in crop –pest relations under

changing climate vis a vis emergence of biotypes, and

developing of forewarning models. Five partner

institutions (NCIPM, New Delhi, CRIDA,Hyderabad,

IIHR, Bangalore, DRR, Hyderabad and RCER(ICAR

complex), Ranchi, three collaborating institutions

Fig. 8. No. of male moth/trap/week of S. litura during different years

at IARI, New Delhi

(IARI, New Delhi, DGR, Junagadh and IIPR, Kanpur)

and around forty AICRP centers of the five target

crops have been net worked under the Pest and

Disease dynamics thematic area. Thematic activities

viz., historical data collection and analysis for

prediction of pest scenarios, documentation of

emerging pests and pest hot spots, real time multisite

and multi season pest surveillance, controlled

experimentations for the effects of CO2

and

temperature and formulation of adaptation strategies

for pest management under changed climatic scenarios

were finalized for the target crops of rice, pigeon pea,

ground nut, tomato and mango. Representative

centres for each of the target crops under different

agro ecologies across various agro climatic zones

involving AICRPS were finalized for the mutiseason

monitoring of pests vis a vis climatic variability. Crop

coordinators and thematic activity based supervisory

roles were designated for efficient reporting and

program implementation. Results Frameworks

Document (RFD) was prepared for the thematic area

with five objectives with a total weight of eight.

Disease profile and management of black scurf and

stem canker of potato

A roving survey was undertaken on the incidence

of stem canker of potato during 2010-2011 in Kanpur

and Fatehpur district of UttarPradesh. In general,

incidence of stem canker was low and was 6.8 % and

7.5 % respectively in Kanpur and Fatehpur districts.

In Kanpur district, highest incidence (11.5 %) was

recorded in Bhowali village while it was highest (12.9

%) in Tikra village in Fatehpur villages. In rest of the

villages, incidence ranged from 3.3 % Mahuagaon to

9.8 % in Baragan village. Almost a similar trend was

recorded in Fatehpur district with incidence ranging

from 5.4 to 12.5 % in Kisnukheda and Panai village

respectively. An in vitro experiment was conduced on

the efficacy of Trichoderma spp. against Rhizoctonia

solani, the causal agent of black scurf by dual culture

experiment. Highest Inhibition percent (72.2 %) was

evinced by Trichoderma isolate No. 22 closely followed

by isolate No. 21 with inhibition percent of 70.4 %.

In rest of the isolates, inhibition per cent ranged from

55.6 to 67.8 %. Filed experiment conducted by row

method also gave encouraging result. Among the

Pest Scenario, Surveillance and Forewarning

66

NCIPM ANNUAL REPORT 2010–11

fungicides tried, both vitavax power (200 g/5 lit water)

and monceren (250 ml/5 lit water) applied by spray

method were highly effective in managing black scurf.

Disease incidence was only 3.33 and 2.67 %

respectively in these two treatments compared to 93

% in untreated control. Disease severity index was very

low and negligible in both these treatments.

Disease profile of chilli wilt

A roving survey was conducted in Raichur and

Bellary district of Karnataka during 2010 and 2011

for the prevalence and incidence of Fusarium wilt of

chilli. In Bellary district, both Bellary and Sirigoppa

taluk were surveyed while in Raichur district,

Devadurga and Raichur taluk were surveyed. In Bellary

taluk, highest incidence (67 %) was rerecorded in

Siddamnahalli village while lowest (25 %) was recorded

in Kolur taluk. In rest of the seven villages, the

incidence ranged from 27 to 65 %. In the neighbouring

Sirigoppa taluk, the incidence ranged from 8.9 to 45

%. In Raichur district, Deveadurga taluk was severely

affected with incidence upto 65% (Gabbhur village).

In Raichur taluk, incidence ranged from 9.9 (Nelahal)

to 22 % (Yarigera and Mathgmari village).

67

DEVELOPMENT OF DATABASES ON MAJOR PESTS

AND ELECTRONIC NETWORKING

Crop Pest Surveillance and Advisory

(CROPSAP) in Maharashtra

Crop Pest Surveillance and Advisory Project

(CROPSAP) was implemented in Maharashtra for the

second year covering soybean, pigeonpea and chickpea

crops during the rainy season of the year, 2010-11.

The programme covered 30,000 villages across 271

talukas in 29 districts with a financial outlay of Rs 783

lakhs. The surveillance covered different or damaging

stages of four, five, four and two pests of soybean,

cotton, pigeonpea and chickpea, respectively with a

standardized weekly schedule of field scouting and data

uploads via NCIPM’s web site. New pests viz., jassids

and thrips for cotton were added for surveillance during

2010-11. Surveillance centres and number of scouts

were reduced. The surveillance centres were reduced

to 64 for cotton & soybean, and 48 for gram in

2010-11.

Performance of pest monitoring and pestmanagement advisories for soybean and cotton

A total of 252613 and 25714 quantitative and

qualitative data entries were made by pest scouts and

monitors, respectively. Near to 6000 soybean and

cotton pest management advisories issued by three

State Agricultural Universities (SAUs) were

disseminated through 7487351 short message services

(SMS) across farmers of 28 districts. Real time

advisories across villages were issued twice in a week

using ETL based reporting system embedded in the

software (Table 1).

ETL status of pests in soybean and cotton

Summary on the number of occasions above ETL

for the different stages of the pests monitored indicated

pest status, semilooper (> 5 nos/ m row) across all

five districts of Amravati division. Nagpur and Wardha

districts under division of Nagpur also had semilooper

population above ETL requiring management

(Fig. 1).

Table 1. Data entries and pest management advisories for soybean and cotton (2010-11)

Division Data entries (nos) Pest management advisories Advisories sent to issued by SAUs (nos) farmers through

Pest scouts Pest Monitors SMS (nos)Amravati 89416 7464 1256 1498254Aurangabad 36411 3688 630 994491Kolhapur 4036 795 522 952199Latur 50465 5926 1088 986474Nagpur 33951 3684 931 1413106Nasik 33702 2769 912 833567Pune 4632 1388 621 809260Total 252613 25714 5960 7487351

Fig. 1 Status of soybean semibooperduring Kharif 2010

68

NCIPM ANNUAL REPORT 2010–11

ETL status of pests in Pigeonpea and chickpea

Helicoverpa armigera larval incidence on pigeonpea

was higher across all districts of Amravati. Nanded

and Nagpur districts of Latur and Nagpur divisions,

respectively had higher frequency of above ETL H.

GIS Based automated pest mapping of majorcrops

GIS based automated mapping for major insect

pests and diseases has been tested for more vibrant

and dynamic display of the selected attributes linking

the backend database in MSSQL data format. The

developed application has been validated in soybean-

cotton based cropping system in Maharashtra state

through the online pest database server. The added

crops namely chickpea and pigeon-pea besides soybean

and cotton has successfully been mapped for the entire

state for more than 28 districts and the associated

talukas and village level geo- referenced points

The incidence of jassids and leaf reddening was

spread across all districts. While Wardha and Jalgaon

had higher incidence of jassids, districts of Yeotmal,

Beed, Nandhed and Wardha had extreme levels of leaf

reddening (Fig. 2). Simultaneous occurrence of jassids

and leaf reddening aggravated the leaf shedding at most

of the villages across districts of Maharashtra during

2010- 11.

Number of villages across the state that had any

one or more pests of soybean and cotton during 2010-

11 above ETLs during different periods of the season

indicated August second week to be critical for pest

management on soybean. The progressively increasing

number of villages above ETL for cotton has

exclusively been due to the leaf reddening (Fig. 3).

armigera status ( Fig. 4). Leaf webber on pigeonpea

attained pest status on 2 to 252 occasions across

districts of Amaravati division. Wardha district had

leaf webber population above 80 occasions. On the

whole, the incidence of lepidopteran pests could not

be directly corroborated with the higher pod damage

levels, as the later had been across all pigeon pea

growing districts.

On chickpea, Nagpur district had the highest

degree of above ETL incidence of H. armigera followed

by Akola > Nanded > Amravati > Yeotmal >

Aurangabad > Beed. The order of importance based

on H. armigera ETL based incidence on chickpea

among divisions was: Amravati > Nagpur > Kolhapur

> Latur > Aurangabad >Pune > Nasik. (Fig. 4).

Chickpea wilt incidence was higher across all districts

of Amravati division, and Nagpur and Wardha

districts. For chickpea wilt the order of importance

was Amravati > Nagpur > Nasik > Aurangabad >

Pune > Kolhapur > Latur.

Fig. 4 ETL status of H. armigera larvae on pigenopea and chickpea

(2010-11)

Fig. 2 ETL status of Jassids and leaf reddening on cotton (2010-11)

Fig. 3 Pest status on soybean and cotton during Kharif 2010

69

collected using GPS

receivers on weekly basis

throughout the crop

seasons for all the

mentioned crops. The

new legend based on

ETL values of the

concerned pest has been

designed and

implemented for all the

four major crops namely

soybean, cotton,

chickpea and pigeonpea.

Design and

development of a GPS

enabled data logger for

pest monitoring

purposes have also been

achieved under the

project. Its prototype has

been tested in real field

conditions in chickpea

crop in Maharashtra

Fig. 1: GPS enabled Pest

Monitoring Datalogger(GPMD)

region by taking the pest population observation,

uploading the collected data and downloading the

required pest files from remote locations. Interactive

application for data interchange has been developed

for web application linking the data logger to the

database at the central location. Its full fledge

multipurpose marketable model would soon be

available for all the potential users. Its catches the date,

time and lat-long values automatically and thus saves

the time to record manually these crucial parameters

from the fields.

This prototype model has been design and

developed with M/S Stesalit Ltd., a Kolkata based firm.

The multipurpose marketable model of the datalogger

is OS based and kept light weight with a handy design

having manual key pad for smooth and fast data entry

with ease. All its embedded features, specifications and

dimensions are the part of the new technology

generated and hence are not being disclosed here.

Notwithstanding , the prototype model of the GPS

enabled datalogger (Fig.1) and its GUI prompt

(Fig. 2) through web enabled data logger-application

Fig. 2: Web enabled GUI of GPMD application

Development of Databases on Major Pests and Electronic Networking

70

NCIPM ANNUAL REPORT 2010–11

to upload and download the data are shown in the

given pictures. The ETL based GIS based pest mapping

has been implemented using the new colour codes and

the methodology for the population of the concerned

pests(Fig. 3a, 3b & 3c ).

The severity on the basis of grades and the

incidence in percent of sclerotinia stem rot of mustard

crop for 2010-11 in the selected districts namely Alwar,

Dausa, Bharatpur, Ganganagar and Hanumangarh

have been depicted (Figs.5a & 5b) in the generated

map.

Fig. 3c

Fig. 3b

Fig. 3a

The GIS based maps have also been generated for

leaf damage in soybean crop on the basis of survey

data collected from the selected villages of four districts

of Rajasthan namely Kota, Baran, Bundi and Jhalawar.

The spatial spread and variability of leaf damage

during Kharif season 2010 among the selected locations

Fig. 4b: Variability of leaf damage in soybean during

kharif in 2010

Fig. 4a: Distribution of leaf damage in soybean

during kharif in 2010

has also been depicted (Fig. 4a & 4b) through the

developed map.

71

Fig. 5a: Distribution of Sclerotinia Stem Rot (SSR) in 2011

The distribution and severity scenario of SSR over

the year have been mapped from 2008-2011

(Figs. 6 & 7).

Fig. 5b: Severity of Sclerotinia Stem Rot (SSR) in 2011

Fig. 6a: Distribution of Sclerotinia Stem Rot (SSR) over years

(2008 -2011)

Fig. 6b: Severity of Sclerotinia Stem Rot (SSR) over

years (2008 -2011)

Development of Databases on Major Pests and Electronic Networking

72

NCIPM ANNUAL REPORT 2010–11

SOCIO ECONOMIC ISSUES AND IMPACT ANALYSIS

OF IPM TECHNOLOGY

Study of Socio- Economic aspects and Impact

of IPM Technology on Rice

1. Socio-Economic survey of village Bambawadfor rice Variety Pusa 1121

The village Bambawad in distt. Gautam Budh

Nagar (UP) was selected for validation of IPM

technology in 40 ha. The baseline information was

conducted of whole village to collect information about

the Pusa 1121 rice, which occupies 99% of the area in

kharif. The main findings of the survey is as follows:

Baseline information of Bambawad village 2. Impact assessment of IPM technology in Tilwariand Doodhli villages (Dehradun)

Sustainable studies were conducted in two villages

namely Tilwar and Doodhli in Dehradun where IPM

technology was validated from 2005-07 and 2008-2009

respectively. The main purpose of the study was to assess

the sustainability of IPM technology after the

withdrawal of technical advice and critical inputs. The

results of impact assessment are given in Table 2 and 3.

Total Population 8,000

Male 4,150

Female 3,850

Literacy Rate 80%

Male 90%

Female 70%

Cropping Pattern Basmati rice-Wheat

Main insects YSB, Leaf Folder, BPH

Main diseases Bakane, Sheath Blight,Blight

Total irrigated area (%) 100%

Source of irrigation Canal (90%),Tubewell (10%)

Total area under Basmati rice 350 ha

Main varieities of Basmati rice Pusa-1121 (99%),Sharbati & PusaSugandh-3(1%)

Average yield 30-32 q/ha

No. of sprays applied 3-5 (Endosulphan/Phorate/Monocrotophos/Cartap

Awareness about IPM NIL

The IPM module was validated in 40 ha area during

kharif 2010 and the economics was calculated which

showed the superiority of IPM over farmers’ practices

(FP). The economics of IPM V/s FP is given in

Table-1.

Table 2: Technology Adoption Index (%), Tilwari, 2010

No. of Farmers: 20 Area under IPM: 25haS. No. Technology Adoption Index (%)

1. Seed treatment with 80carbendazim

2. Two seedlings/ hill 703. Judicious fertilizer application 804. Jundicious use of water 805. Dhaincha plantation 906. Use of Bio-agents 807. Use of chemical pesticide spot 90

application

Table 2: Technology Adoption Index (%), Tilwari, 2010

No. of Farmers: 20 Area under IPM: 25haS. No. Technology Adoption Index (%)1. Two seedlings/ hill 102. Planting of Dhaincha 903. Jundicious use of water 804. Systematic monitoring of pests 705. Use of Bio-agents 00

Variables IPM FPPesticide sprays (no.) 1.0 3.6Total Cost (Rs. /ha) 20,880 2,1305Mean yield (q/ha) 33.15 16.15Total returns (Rs./ha) 79560 38760Net returns (Rs./ha) 58680 17455Cost Benefit Ratio 1:3.81 1:1.82Man days 155 175

Rate of paddy Rs. 2400/- per quintal

Table 1. Benefecial organism, Pesticide sprays andeconomics

73

HUMAN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT IN IPM

Facilities

Library

The Library of the centre now has 2091 books and

regularly subscribes about 2 International and 29

National journals on IPM and plant protection. The

library is unique as it has the latest publications in the

field of plant protection.

ARIS

The Centre has well-established Computer Cell

with latest computer hardware and software to cater

to the need for scientific work. All the computers in

the Centre are interlinked with LAN as well as with

IARI hub. The centre has prepared and launched its

homepage with online databases (http://

www.ncipm.org.in). Online database on Area,

Production, Productivity of various crops, Fertilizer and

Pesticide Consumption were developed as a part of

NCIPM homepage.

The information provided in the website is

regularly being updated. A fully developed Geographic

Information System (GIS) lab has been created with

digitizer, plotter and necessary accessories and it is

being used to create pest distribution maps. The

Computer Cell is engaged in development of user-

friendly pest decision-making software to popularize

and promote IPM on country level.

Diagnostic laboratory

The diagnostic lab of the Centre is engaged in

pragmatic approach for production of bio-agents

(Trichogramma chilonis, T japonicum and Chrysoperla

carnea). It is substantially able to meet the requirement

of bioagents needed for the IPM validation

programmes of the Centre. Further to it, training

programmes are being conducted to encourage

entrepreneurs to come forward for making bioagents

available locally to the farmers. This will help in

removing one of the bottlenecks of timely and local

availability of quality bio-agents.

PME Cell (RAC, IRC and other scientific events)

Internal Institute Research Committee (IRC)

The internal SRC for was held on 2011, under

the Chairmanship of Dr. O.M. Bambawle, Director,

NCIPM. The ongoing research programmes of the

Centre were reviewed and evaluated along with the

action Taken Report of last IRC with necessary

suggestions and finalized the technical programme for

2011-12. Director complimented the scientists for

achievements of the Centre specifically the success

achieved in Surveillance programme in Maharashtra

and Odisha. There were five programmes under which

projects including external projects and major activities

of the Centre were deliberated in the meeting.

IRC WITH IARI

IRC with IARI was held on 13th

July, 2010 in which

salient achievements during 2009-10 of the Centre

was presented by Dr. O.M. Bambawale, Director

NCIPM, under Crop Protection School programme

of the IARI.

Research Advisory Committee (RAC)

RAC constituted under the Chairmaship of Dr.

G.C. Tiwari held on 2-3rd

June, 2010 at CSAUA&T,

Kanpur which was participated by RAC members,

ADG((PP) and Director, NCIPM. The research

programmes of the institute were presented and

evaluated and recommendations were made regarding

the further improvement of programmes of NCIPM.

The proceedings were subsequently approved by

Council.

RAC held its next meeting on 24-25th

March, 2011

at NCIPM, New Delhi under the Chairmanship of Dr.

G.C. Tiwari, VC, CSUA&T, Kanpur. The Action

Taken Raport of last RAC were approved by RAC

members and research programmes were discussed in

the light of XIIth Plan.

74

NCIPM ANNUAL REPORT 2010–11

Visitors Visited NCIPM

Large number of students, farmers, extension

functionaries, researchers, planners, journalists and

entrepreneurs from different parts of the country

visited NCIPM and they were apprised about the

NCIPM activities using various teaching aids and

demonstrated the IPM technologies like bio-control

agents at the Bio-agents Labs. Visitors were also made

aware on the IPM concept, philosophy and importance

through lectures and shown documentary films on

IPM. The farmers and extension workers from the

several states namely Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Jharkhand,

Madhya Pradesh, Haryana and Rajasthan along with

the extension functionaries visited NCIPM. Farmers -

Scientists’ interaction sessions organized for sharing

the experiences of each others in pest management.

Farmers narrated their pest problems and pest

management practices adopted, while and scientists

also appraised about suitable IPM practices. The

lectures on IPM concept and its components were also

organized .The visit to Bio-control Labs was arranged

and extension literature on IPM given to them. Pest

problems, pest management practices and constraints

in pest management documented through prior

developed questionnaire for extension studies.

The students from across the country were also

visited NCIPM. They were introduced NCIPM

activities and its role in promotion of IPM using various

teaching aids. Bio-control labs and ARIS cell visited

by these students and extension literature on IPM also

provided to them. During the year 2008-09 about 170

students visited NCIPM.

IPM Advisory Services

IPM advisory services provided to farmers/ farm

entrepreneurs, extension workers and students through

replying their IPM related questions and also provided

guidance and required IPM extension literature. The

Center received about more than two hundred letters

of enquiries related to the pest problems in cotton,

rice, wheat, gram, mustard, fruits and vegetables from

the farmers, extension workers, entrepreneurs and

NGOs representatives of the different parts of country.

The suitable solution of queries to the farmers was

facilitated by the concerned IPM scientific team and

reply sent to them timely by using proper

communication channel.

The Visitors (Students, Extension Functionaries,Researchers and Farmers)

Visitors Numbers StatesFarmers 480 Uttar Pradesh, Madhya

Pradesh, Jharkhand, Bihar,Haryana, Rajasthan

Extension 105 Jharkhand, Bihar, Haryana,Functionaries Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh,

Madhya Pradesh,Uttarakhand ,Punjab, Delhi

Researchers 50 SAUs, KVKs and ICARInstitutes ,Ministry ofAgriculture ,Govt. of India

Students 370 Delhi, Karnataka, TamilNadu,Kerala, Maharashtra, AndhraPradesh

75

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76

NCIPM ANNUAL REPORT 2010–11

LIST OF RESEARCH PROJECTS

Programme-I: Establishment of a National network for development of area specific IPM modules &

technologies for the major production systems of different agro-ecological zones

Rice

Development, Dissemination and Popularization of location D.K.Garg, R.K. Tanwar, and S..P. Singh

specific IPM strategies in different rice agro-ecosystems.

Pest Surveillance and Management Programme in Paddy D.K. Garg, R.K. Tanwar and S.P. Singh

based cropping System in endemic zone of Odisha

Cotton

Development and Validation of IPM strategies for the R.K.Tanwar, P. Jeyakumar, O.P. Sharma &

emerging key pests in Bt cotton (Mealy bug – Punjab; Mirid Vikas Kanwar

bug – Karnataka / Maharashtra; Stem weevil – Tamil Nadu;

Pink bollworm – Haryana / Rajasthan)

Development of data bank for population dynamics of insect Jeyakumar,P . & T.Surulivelu

pests in different cotton ecosystems (AICCIP)

Development and validation of IPM / IRM strategies for Bt and Jeyakumar, P. & S. Vennila

conventional cotton under different eco-systems

(TMC-MM-I-3.2)

National Information System for Pest management in Jeyakumar, P. R.K. Tanwar, S. Vennila, Vikas

Bt. Cotton (NISPM) (New Project) : Location specific Kanwar, Niranjan Singh & Sathyakumar

IPM Module and Awareness campaigns

Pulses

Evaluation of Microbial as IPM Components in Rice O.P. Sharma

and Chickpea

Increasing pigeonpea and chickpea production through O.P. Sharma, D.K. Garg, S. Venilla &

intensive application of IPM S. Bhagat

Nematode centric IPM Strategies in selected crops –I (AICRP). Mukesh Sehgal

Nematode centric IPM Strategies in selected crops –II (AICRP). Naved Sabir

Horticulture and Protected cultivation

Development & validation of adaptable IPM technology for H.R. Sardana, D.B. Ahuja, Mukesh Sehgal

solanaceous vegetable crops. MN Bhatt & R.V. Singh,

demonstration and promotion of adaptable IPM technology in H.R. Sardana, M.N. Bhatt, Mukesh Sehgal

tomato and bell pepper (NHB project) & RV Singh

Promotion of IPM technology in Cauliflower under wide D.B. Ahuja, M.N. Bhatt R.V. Singh & Usha

area approach. Rani

Development and Validation of IPM strategies for selected D.B. Ahuja, H.R. Sardana & R.V. Singh

vegetables in Mid Garwal Hills of Uttrakhand.

Protected Cultivation of High Value Vegetables and Cut Naved Sabir

Flowers: A Value Chain Approach (NAIP) New Project

Development and Validation of IPM Strategies in Protected Naved Sabir, O.M. Bamabwale,

cultivation of Selected Vegetables R.K. Tanwar, B. Singh & M.Hasan

77

List of Research Projects

Management of chili wilt (New Project) MN Bhatt, HR Sardana, S. Vennila, Naved

Sabir & Rajan

Oilseeds

Development and validation of IPM technology in groundnut Saroj Singh, S.K. Singh, M. S Yadav,

Niranjan Singh & P. V. Verma,

Impact assessment of IPM technology in groundnut and mustard Saroj Singh & P V Verma

(New Project)

Management of Sclerotinia stem rot of Mustard following IDM M.S. Yadav, Saroj Singh & Nasim Ahmed

strategies.

Wide area management studies on Sclerotinia rot of Mustard M S Yadav & Saroj Singh

(New Project)

Management of Spodoptera Litura in Soyabean based cropping Surender Kumar Singh, D.B. Ahuja, Saroj

system Singh, Dr. D.K. Das, Niranjan Singh & A.K.

Kanojia

Bio control

Development of Mechanical devices needed for pest management Surender Kumar Singh

Development, validation utilization and/or commercialization of O.M. Bamabwale, R.K. Tanwar, & bio

pesticides and bio inoculents (TMC –MM-1-3.3) P. Jeyakumar

Programme II: Development of Database on Major pest and Electronic networking

Development of Plant Protection Personnel Information System -II Meenakshi Malik, Niranjan Singh &

A K Kanojia

Development of Expert system for pest management in okra Niranjan Singh & H R Sardana

and brinjal (New Project)

GIS based automated Crop pest mapping. A.K. Kanojia,, and Niranjan Singh

Crop Pest Surveillance and Advisory Project (CROPSAP) S. Vennila, Niranjan Singh, A K Kanojia

& others

Programme III: Development of models for forewarning and forecasting of pest of National importance

Decision support systems for insect pest of major rice and cotton S. Vennila

based cropping systems (NAIP)

Changing scenario of cotton pests in relation to cropping system S. Vennila, Jeyakumar P, A.K. Kanojia &

and climate Meenakshi Malik

National initiative on climate resilient agriculture NICRA S. Vennila & others

(New Project)

Programme IV: Socio- Economic Issues and Impact analysis of IPM technology

Dissemination of IPM information using conventional and R.V. Singh, H.R. Sardana, D.B. Ahuja &

innovative approaches with the collaboration of IPM stakeholders Niranjan Singh

Socio-Economic issues in IPM technology in Bt cotton and rice. Vikas Kanwar,

(New Project)

Impact analysis of IPM programmes in Basmati Rice by estimation Sumita Arora,

of pesticides Residues

EIQ concept for evaluating IPM packages for Rice and Cotton Sumita Arora

crops in India, AINP-Pesticide residues (Collaborator)

Programme V: Human Resource Development in IPM Mukesh Sehgal

78

NCIPM ANNUAL REPORT 2010–11

Research Articles

1. Ahuja Usha Rani and Ahuja D. B. (2010). Pace

and pattern of vegetable cultivation in India.

Agricultural situation in India 66:703-708.

2. Bambawale, O.M., Tanwar, R.K., Sharma, O.P.,

Bhosle, B.B., Lavekar, R.C., Patil, S.B.,

Dhandapani, A., Trivedi,T.P., Jeyakumar, P., Garg,

D.K., Jafri, A. A. and Meena, B.L. (2010). Impact

of refugia and integrated pest management on the

performance of transgenic (Bacillus thuringiensis)

cotton (Gossypium hirsutum), Indian Journal of

Agricultural Sciences 80(8); 730-36

3. Deka, Sikha., Tanwar, R.K., Sumitha, R., Sabir,

Naved., Bambawale, O.M. and Singh, Balraj

(2011). Relative efficacy of Agricultural Spray oil

(Servo Agrospray ®) and Azadirachtin against

two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch

on cucumber under greenhouse and laboratory

conditions. Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences.

81 (2): 156 - 160.

4. Sabir, Naved., Sumitha, R., Singh, Balraj., Hasan,

M., Anupama., Chilana, Poonam., Deka, Sikha.,

Tanwar, R.K., and Bambawale, O. M. (2011)

Superabsorbent Hydrogels for Efficient Biocontrol

of Root-Knot Nematodes for Healthy Tomato

Nursery. Current Science 100(5): 635-637

5. Singh, Saroj., Gaur, R. B., Singh, S. K. and Ahuja,

D. B. (2010). Development and evaluation of

farmers-participatory Integrated Pest Management

technology in groundnut. Indian Journal of

Entomology (In Press)

6. Trivedi, T.P., Ojha, K.N., Sabir, Naved., Singh,

Jitendra., Sardana, H.R. and Chaudhry, H.R.

(2010). Validation and promotion of Farmer-

Particpatory IPM technology in Chickpea – A case

Study. Pesticide. Research Journal., 22 (1): 66-72.

7. Vennila, S., Deshmukh, A.J., Pinjarkar, D.,

Agarwal, M., Ramamurthy, V.V., Joshi, S., Kranthi,

PUBLICATIONS

K.R. and Bambawale, O.M. (2010). Biology of

mealybug, Phenacoccus solenopsis on cotton in

Central India. Journal of insect science 10:119

available online: insectscience.org/10.1198.

8. Yadav, S.M. and Sehgal, M. (2010). Population

dynamics of plant- parasitic nematodes in chickpea

groundnut system. Indian Journal of Nematology.

40(1): 109

9. Yadav, M.S. and Brar, K.S. (2010). Assessment of

yield losses due to mungbean yellow mosaic India

virus and evaluation of mungbean genotypes for

resistance in South-West Punjab. Indian Phytopath.

63 (3): 318-320.

10.Yadav, M.S., Das, D.K. and Yadava, D.K. (2010).

Influence of rainfall, temperature and humidity on

appearance and development of fungal diseases in

Brassica juncea. Plant Dis. Res. 25: 151-154.

Papers presented in Conference/ Symposia/

Workshops

1. Ahuja, D. B. (2010). Implementation of sustainable

pest management technologies in cauliflower/

cabbage: challenges and opportunities. Poster

Presentation: International Horticulture Congress

2010, Horticulture, Horti Business and

Economic Prosperity, November 18-21, 2010,

New Delhi, India

2. Bambawale, O.M. and Ahmad, Nasim (2010).

Plant disease scenario in relation to climate change

and their management strategies. In: Symposium

on “Climate change and Plant Diseases: Risks and

Responses” at IPS Annual Meeting (Delhi Zone),

Division of Plant Pathology, IARI, New Delhi on

November 12, 2010

3. Bambawale, O.M., Tanwar, R.K., Garg, D. K.,

Prakash, Anand., Panda, S.K., Swain, N.C., Singh,

S.P. and Sathya Kumar, S. (2010). Rice Swarming

Caterpillar (Spodoptera Mauritia): E-Pest

79

Surveillance and management strategy in Orissa.

In: Souvenir, National Symposium on Emerging

Trends in Pest Management Strategies under changing

Climatic scenario. December 20-21, 2010.

OUA&T, Bhubaneswar. pp. 1-4.

4. Godika, Shailesh., Kumar, Mahendra., Pathak,

A.K., Singh, Saroj., Singh, Surender Kumar., Yadav,

M.S. and Ahmad, Nasim (2010). Validation of

Integrated Pest Management Technology in

mustard through FLDs. Abstract in the National

Conference on “Plant Protection in Agriculture through

Eco-friendly Techniques and Traditional Farming

Practices” held at Jaipur from February 18-20, 2010.

5. Godika, S., Yadav, M.S., Singh, Saroj, Chaudhary,

M.K. and Ahmad, N. (2010). Management of stem

rot disease of mustard following IDM strategies.

Paper presented in National Symposium on

“Recent Advances in Integrated Disease

Management for Enhancing Food production”

(October, 27-28, 2010) held at S.K.R.A.U.,

Bikaner. Abstract No. IDM-10 page 73.

6. Godika, Shailesh., Singh, Saroj., Singh, Surender

Kumar., Yadav, M.S., Chaudhary, Mahendra

Kumar., Verma, P.V., Ahmad, Nasim (2010). Impact

of IPM technology in mustard at Alwar district of

Rajasthan. National Conference on Recent Advances

in Integrated Disease Management for Enhancing Food

Production, SKRAU Bikaner, October 27-28, 2010,

PP 71.

7. Malik, Meenakshi., Singh, Niranjan and Kanojia,

A.K. (2011). Plant Protection Personnel

Information System-2 (p3is-2): A Database of

Plant Protection Personnel, presented in

International Conference on Electronics, Information

and Communications Systems Engineering organized

by M. B. M. Engineering College of J N V

University, Jodhpur from June 28-30, 2010.

8. Sardana, H.R., Bhat, M. N., Sehgal, Mukesh and

Singh, R.V. (2010). Wide area farm

implementation of adaptable integrated pest

management technology in bell pepper capsicum

annum. Indian Horticulture Congress, 18-22

November, 2011, New Delhi.

9. Singh, Niranjan., Sardana, H. R., Sathyakumar, S.,

(2011). Pest Management Information System

(PMIS) for Brinjal & Okra: Database tool for IPM”

presented in 4th Indian Horticulture Congress

organized by Horticulture Society Of India at NPL,

New Delhi on 18-21st Nov 2010 book of abstracts

p. 370.

10. Singh, R.V. and Sardana, H.R. (2011). “Factors

limiting the adoption of IPM practices by vegetable

growers in western region of Uttar Pradesh: A

participatory approach” in National Symposium on

Crop Health Management for Sustainable Agri-

horticultural Cropping System February 16-20, 2011

at CARI, Port Blair (Adman and Nicobar).

11. Singh, S. K., Ahuja, D. B., Garg, D.K. and

Bambawale, O.M. (2010). An innovative larval

parasitoids multiplication kit. National Centre for

Integrated Pest Management, L.B.S. Building,

I.A.R.I., Pusa Campus New Delhi 110012.p. 482-

83.

12. Singh, S. K., Kumar, D.R., Verma, P.V., Singh, S.K.

and Yadav, M.S. (2010). IPM in irrigated

groundnut in farmers’ participatory mode in

Rajasthan. National Conference on recent advances

in integrated disease management for enhancing food

production. SRRAU,Bikaner, October 27-28,

2010,pp.63.

13. Singh, S., Verma, P.V., Singh, S.K., Mali, B.L., Rana,

B.S. and Yadav, M. S. (2010). IPM in rainfed

groundnut in farmers’ field in Rajasthan. National

Conference on recent advances in integrated disease

management for enhancing food production.

SRRAU,Bikaner, October 27-28, 2010, RAU,

Bikaner (Rajasthan).

14. Singh, Saroj., Verma, P.V., Kumar, Data Ram.,

Singh, S.K. And Yadav, M.S. (2010). Plant health

and IPM in irrigated Groundnut in Rajasthan,

National Centre for Integration Pest Management

10th

Agriculture Science Congress, NBFGR,

Lucknow, 10-12 Feb., 2011, pp-221.

15. Vennila, S., Bambawale, O.M., Pal, Prasenjit.,

Singh, Dharmender and Agarwal, Meenu. (2011).

Changing scenario of jassids (Amrasca devastans

Distant) on rainfed cotton! Is it also due to climatic

variability? In: International Conference on

Publications

80

NCIPM ANNUAL REPORT 2010–11

“Preparing Agriculture for Climate Change” held

between 6th

and 8th

February, 2011, at PAU,

Ludhiana pp. 204-205.

16. Vennila, S. and Bambawale, O.M. (2011). Pest

Management Practices Paradigm Shift in Cotton

Pest Management during Bt Era. Paper presented

at National Workshop on “Innovations and Better

Management Practices for Climate Resilient and

Sustainable Cotton Production”, held on 15-16

December, 2010 at CRIDA, Hyderabad.

17. Yadav, M.S., Gaur, R.B., Godika, S., Singh, S.,

Ahmad, N. and Bambawale. M. (2010). Prevalence

and severity of Sclerotinia stem rot of mustard in

Rajasthan. Oral presentation in National

Symposium on “Perspective in the plant health

management” (Dec.14-16, 2010) held at Anand

Agricultural University, Anand.

18.Yadav, M.S., Das, D.K. and Trivedi, T.P., Ajmera,

B.D. and Yadava, D.K. (2010). Crop – Weather –

Disease interactions in Brassica juncea. Pl. Dis.

Res. 25: 80.

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Book Chapters

1. Bambawale, O.M., Sardana, H.R. and Sabir, Naved

(2010). Integrated Pest Management in Vegetable

Crops.Pp. 261-279. Published in ‘Horticulture to

Horti-Business’ eds: K.L. Chadha, A.K. Singh and

V.B. Patel. Westville Publishing House, Paschim

Vihar, New Delhi 63.

2. Sehgal, Mukesh (2010). Integrated Pest

Management of Field crops. In training Manual of

Proficiency certificate Programme (PCP) Jaipuria

Institute of Management, Noida and the centre

of the plant Nutrients Management. May 31-

2June 09, 2010.

3. Sehgal, Mukesh (2010). Integrated Pest Principles

and Prospectus in India. Training Manual for

Participant of crop care advisor exam 2011. Tata

Chemicals , Noida U.P . 56-67

4. Sehgal, Mukesh, 2010. Important Nematodes

Problems and their management in India. ibid.

97-104.

Bulletins/Technical/Popular articles

1. Bora, B.C., Bhagwati, B., Choudhury, B.N.,

Sehgal, Mukesh., Sardana, H.R., Sabir, N.

,Bambawale, O.M. and Jain, R.K. (2011). Rice

root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne graminicola

Problem in Upland Rice and its Management” Tech

Bull. Directorate of Research (Agri) Assam

Agricultural UniversityJorhat National Centre for

Integrated Pest Management (NCIPM) New

Delhi.

2. Hasan, M. Singh, Balraj., Singh, M. C., Singh, A.

K., Kaore, S. V., Sabir, Naved., Tomar., B. S. and

Tarunendu. (2010). Fertigation Scheduling for

Horticultural Crops (English). Published by Indian

Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi and

Indian farmers and Fertilizers Cooperative

(IFFCO) 34 pp.

3. Sabir, Naved., Singh, B., Hasan, M., Sumitha., R.,

Deka, S., Tanwar, R.K., Ahuja, D.B., Tomar, B.S.,

Bambawale, O.M. and Khah, E.M. (2010). Good

Agricultural Practices for IPM in Greenhouses

(English). Published by National Centre for

Integrated Pest Management, New Delhi 16 pp.

4. Sardana, H. R., Bhat, M. N., Sehgal, Mukesh and

Singh, R.V. (2011). Integrated Pest Management

Strategies for Vegetable Crops. Bulletin no. 25. P

52. NCIPM, New Delhi

5. Singh, Balraj., Sabir, Naved., Hasan, M., Singh

A.K. (2011). Greenhouse Cucumber- Production

and Protection (English). Published by Indian

Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 30 pp.

(In Press)

6. Tanwar, R. K., Jeyakumar, P. and Vennila, S. (2010)

Papaya mealybug and its management, Technical

Bulletin 32, National Centre for Integrated Pest

Management, New Delhi, pp26

7. Tanwar, R.K., Prakash, Anand., Panda, S.K.,

Swain, N.C., Garg, D.K., Singh, S.P., Sathya

S.Kumar and Bambawale, O.M. (2010).

Swarming caterpillar (Spodoptera mauritia) and its

81

management strategies, Technical Bulletin 24,

National Centre for Integrated Pest Management,

New Delhi, pp19

8. Vennila, S., Ramamurthy,V.V., Deshmukh, A.,

Pinjarkar, D.B., Agarwal, M., Pagar, P.C., Prasad,

Y.G., Prabhakar, M., Kranthi, K.R. and

Bambawale, O.M. (2010). A Treatise on Mealybugs

of Central Indian Cotton Production System.

Technical Bulletin 24, NCIPM, Pusa Campus, New

Delhi.1-50.

9. Yadava, D.K., Vasudeva, S., Singh, N., Yadav, M.S.,

Rana, D.S and Dey, D. (2011). Raya /Laha

(Sarson).In: Rabi Fasalon Ki Unnat Kheti

(A.K.Sharma, D. Kumar, J.B. Sharma, D.K.Yadava,

C. Bhardwaj, A.K.Singh and K.V. Prabhu Eds.),

pages 34-43 (in Hindi).

Folders

1. Sardana, H. R. and Sehgal, Mukesh. (2010).

Chillies: Integrated Pest Management Strategies,

National Centre for Integrated Pest Management,

New Delhi 110012

2. vkgqtk] Mh- ch-] lkfcj] ukosn-] flag] vkj- oh-] flag] ,l-ih-] Jhfuokl] ih-] [kqYcs] nhik-] ,oa flag Lo:i ¼2010½A'kjn _rq dh iNsrh Qwy xksHkh ,oae iRrk xksHkh esalesfdr uk'khtho izca/ku] ,ulhvkbZih,e] ubZ fnYyhA

Popular article

1. Ahuja D.B., Singh, S.K., Sharma, Pratibha., Singh,

Saroj., Yadav, S.K. and Bambawale, O.M. (2010).

Technologies for getting disease free cabbage.

Indian Horticulture.55: 53-56

2. flag] ljkst-] oekZ] fiz;ozr-] ekyh-] ch- ,y- ,oa jk.kk-] ch-,l- ¼2010½ ewaxQyh dh Qly esa vkbZ- ih- ,e- iz.kkyhdk lQy ewY;kadu ,ao fdz;kUo;u] Hkkjrh; oSKkfud,ao vkS|ksfxd vuqlaËkku if=dk] ¼vkWu ykbZu if=dk½]o"kZ 18 vad 1 twu 2010] i"B 46&51]

Invited Lectures

1. Ahuja, D.B. and Bambawale, O.M. (2011). Good

Agricultural Practices: Pest Management. One day

Seminar on Good Agricultural Practices,

17.3.2011, CIAE, Bhopal.

2. Ahuja, D.B. (2010). Integrated pest management

for vegetable crops at Centre for Agricultural

Technology Assessment for Vegetable Crops, held

at IARI, NGO Collaborative Extension

Programme on 20-5-2010.

3. Sardana, H. R. (2010). i) Status of IPM in India

and case Studies on Wide area IPM validation in

horticultural Crops’ ii) Base line studies and socio-

economic status of farmers – A decision making

process. iii) Impact studies on IPM Training

programme on ‘Awareness Building Program on

Agro-ecology & Integrated Pest Management

(IPM)’ organized by US AID - India- Michigan

State University (MSU), and Indian Horticultural

Development Alliance at Pune on 28-29th July,

2010.

4. Sehgal, Mukesh. (2010) . Integrated pest

management of Field crops. In Proficiency

certificate Programme (PCP) Jaipuria Institute of

Management, Noida and the Centre of the plant

Nutrients Management. May 31, 2010 to June 09,

2010.

5. Sehgal, Mukesh. (2011). Effect of Climate Change

on the Agriculture.”Advance Institute of

management, Ghaziabad. January, 27 2011.

6. Sehgal, Mukesh and Singh, Ravinder. (2010).

Impact of Climate Change in agriculture and its

effects on pests “Climate Change and Economic

Development” Organized by School of Economics,

under UGC-SAP (DRS Phase II) March 12-13,

2010. Indore, India.

7. Sehgal, Mukesh., Singh, Ravinder., Kanwar, Vikas.,

Yadav, S. M and Sardana, H.R. (2010).

Educational Assessment and Creating Awareness

of Integrated Pest Management Strategies to

Chickpea Growers in Rajasthan IGNOU, Agartala

(Tripura), August 24-26, 2010, India.

8. Singh, R.V (2010). Integrated Pest Management

in Vegetable Crops, for the in-service training of

field functionaries of Govt. of NCT, Delhi State

organized by KVK –NHRDF, Ujwa, New Delhi

29th October, 2010.

9. Singh, R.V (2011). Identified as Expert Group-

cum Course writer on IPM as part of the NAIP-

Publications

82

NCIPM ANNUAL REPORT 2010–11

ICAR Extension Research entitled “Innovations

in technology mediated learning: An institutional

capacity building in re-usable learning from 21-

22 Feb.2011at School of Agriculture, IGNOU,

New Delhi for writing RLOs on IPM.

10. S.K. Singh (2010). “Light trap safer to beneficial”

a talk delivered in Deptt. of Agri., Jaipur,

Rajasthan.

11. Singh, S.K. (2010). Approach paper and draft

regulation on “Organic food processing and sale”

member of Expert Committee, held on April 30,

2010 at Food Safety and Standards Authority of

India (A statutory regulatory authority under M/o

Health and family welfare) New Delhi.

12. Tanwar, R.K. (2011) ‘Quality control of Bio-

pesticides’ in Seminar on Quality Control of Bio-

pesticides organized by BAMETI, Bihar at Patna

on 20/09/2011

TV Programme

1. Sehgal, Mukesh. Impact of Excessive Use of

Pesticides in Pragya TV on April, 14,2010.

2. Sehgal, Mukesh. Effect of Climate Change on the

agriculture. Pragya TV on the Society on Feb 8, 2011.

3· Sehgal, Mukesh. Be Aware - Faith or Superstition

on Pragya TV on March 18.03.2011.

Training Manual

1. Sehgal, Mukesh. (2011). Training Manual for

Participant of crop care advisor exam 2011. Tata

Chemicals , Noida U.P

2. Tanwar, R.K. (2011). Training manual on e- pest

surveillance under Rashtriuya Krishi Vikas Yojana

for Master trainers and project staff, Published by

Directorate of Agriculture & Food Production

Orisa, Bhubaneswar.

83

Training Imparted

1. S. Sathya Kumar Imparted Summer Training on

“Database and Supporting” to two students of

Bachelor in Computer Applications (2nd

Year) at

ARIS Cell, NCIPM from 18/05/2010 to 30/06/

2010.

2. S. Sathya Kumar Imparted training on e-Pest

Surveillance Data Entry to PPOs/Pest Monitors/

Data Entry Operators/RAs of OUA&T under

“Awareness-cum-surveillance programme for the

management of major pests of Rice in Orissa”

Project during on July 04-05, 2010 and July 21,

2010 at RITE, Bolangir.

TRAININGS AND AWARDS

3. S. Sathya Kumar Imparted training on On-line Pest

Data Entry to the District Project Officers of KVK,

Mysore, KVK, Ahmednagar and KVK, Jalna under

“National Information System for Pest

Management (Bt Cotton)” Project during August

30-31, 2010 at KVK, Mysore.

Award

Dr. Sumitra Arora was awarded “Endeavour

post doctoral Award Fellowship 2010”

from Department of Education, Employment and

workplace Relations (DEEWR), Australian

Government for six months, (April 2010 to

October 2010) for pesticide residue analysis work

using RBPR technique.

84

NCIPM ANNUAL REPORT 2010–11

PARTICIPATION IN SEMINARS, SYMPOSIA, WORKSHOPS,

CONFERENCES AND TRAININGS

Name of the Event Duration Venue Participants

11 oha jk"Vªh; oSKkfud laxks"Bh vizSy 13 ls 15] 2010 ubZ fnYyh ljkst flag ,oa fiz;ozr oekZ

Annual Review Workshop of April 15-16 2010 Tamil Nadu Agril. University, Naved sabirNAIP Component II Coimbatore

XIX Bio control Workers’ Group May 28-29, 2010 Srinagar, organized by NBAII at R.K. TanwarMeeting Sher-e-Kashmir University of

Agriculture and Technology, Kashmir.

Annual Review meeting of July 13-14, 2010 PDKV, Akola S. Sathya Kumar“National Information Systemfor Pest Management (Bt Cotton)

Training cum Workshop of NAIP August 22, 2010 Lohaghat, organized by GB Pant Naved SabirUniv. of Agri. and Tech

49th All India Wheat and Barley Research August 27-30, 2010 PAU, Ludhina M.S. YadavWorkers Meet

17th Annual All India Rapeseed- mustard September 1-3, 2010 Rajmata Vijayaraje Scindia Krishi M.S. YadavResearch Workers Group Meeting Vishwa Vidyalaya Gwalior

Making IPM effective in India September 29-30, National Academy of Agricultural D.B. Ahuja, O.P. SharmaSciences. New Delhi 2010 H.R. Sardana

S. Vennila

Symposium on “Climate change November 12, Division of Plant Pathology, Nasim Ahamd, M.S.and Plant Diseases: Risks and 2010 IARI, New Delhi YadavResponses” on IPS Annual Meeting

National Seminar on quality control November 17-18, BP Pal Auditorium, IARI, Pusa D. B. Ahujaof Agricultural inputs, Role of 2010. Comlex, New Delhi organized byadvanced Technologies and Foundation for Agricultural Resourceappropriate legal framework Management and Environmental

Remediation

International Horticulture November 18-21, National Physical Laboratory, D. B Ahuja, NavedCongress 2010 2010 New Delhi, Sabir Niranjan Singh S.

Sathya Kumar

Hkkjrh; Hkk"kkvksa esa jk"Vªh; foKku laxks"Bh uoEcj 22& 23] 2010 jk"Vªh; HkkSfrd iz;ksx'kkyk] ubZ fnYyh ljkst flag fiz;ozr oekZ

7th Conventional of Grameen Gyan November 27-28 , Mumbai University, Mumbai R.V. SinghAbhiyan (Mission 2007: Every village 2010a Knowledge Centre)- InformationCommunication Technology andFood,Health and Livelihood Securityin an Era of Climate Change

3rd International Conference on December 8-10, IARI Pusa, New Delhi Saroj SinghParthenium 2010

National Symposium on "Prespective December 14-16, 2010 Anand Agril. University, Anand M.S. Yadavin Plant Health management""

National Symposium on Emerging December 20-21, OUAT, Bhubaneswar R.K. Tanwartrends in Pest Management Strategies 2010under Changing Climatic Scenario

Geo Spatial World Forum January 20-21, Hyderabad International Convention Ashok Kanojia2011 Centre, Hyderabad

85

International Conference on the February 15-17, India International Centre, Nasim AhamdConvergence of Libraries, Archives 2011 New Delhiand Museums-User Empowermentthrough Digital Technologies

National Conference of Agricultural February 24-25, 2011 IARI, New Delhi from Ahamd, Nasim.Librarians and User Community 2011 on“Agricultural Libraries in Knowledge Web

Thematic workshop on Strategic February 26, 2011 CRIDA, Hyderabad. O.M. Bambawale,Research for Pest and Disease Saroj Singh,Dynamics in relation to Climate D.B. Ahuja, Change under NICRA project O.P. Sharma,

Sardana, H.R.,R.K. TanwarS. Vennila,Niranjan SinghA.K. Kanojia,S.P. SinghP.V. Verma,M.K. Mulani

Budget (2010-2011)

(Rs. in Lac)

Head Budget ExpenditureNon-Plan 351.20 349.52Plan 157.00 157.00Total 508.20 506.52

Participation in Seminars, Symposia, Workshops, Conferences and Trainings

86

NCIPM ANNUAL REPORT 2010–11

STAFF LIST (AS ON 31-03-2011)

SCIENTIFIC STAFF

Dr. O.M. Bambawale Director

Dr. D.K.Garg Prin. Scientist ( Agril. Entomology)

Dr. (Mrs.) Saroj Singh Prin. Scientist (Plant Pathlogy)

Dr. D.B.Ahuja Prin. Scientist (Agril.Entomology)

Dr. O. P. Sharma Prin. Scientist (Plant Pathlogy)

Dr. H.R. Sardana Prin. Scientist (Agril. Entomology)

Dr. R. K. Tanwar Prin. Scientist (Agril. Entomology)

Dr. S.Vennila Prin. Scientist (Agril. Entomology)

Dr. M. Narayana Bhatt Prin. Scientist (Plant Pathlogy)

Dr. Mukesh Sehgal Sr. Scientist (Nematology)

Dr. Naved Sabir Sr. Scientist (Nematology)

Dr. R. V. Singh Sr .Scientist (Agril. Extension)

Dr. Surender Kumar Singh Sr. Scientist (Agril. Entomology)

Dr. Mahender Singh Yadav Sr. Scientist (Pl. Pathology)

Dr. P. Jeyakumar Sr. Scientist (Agril. Entomology)

Dr. (Mrs) Sumitra Arora Sr. Scientist (Organic Chemistry)

Dr. S. Someshwar Bhagat Sr. Scientist (Pl. Pathology)

Shri Vikas Kanwar Scientist (S.G.) (Agril. Economics)

Shri Niranjan Singh Scientist (S.S.)(Computer Application)

Shri A. K. Kanojia Scientist (S.S.) (Geography)

Ms. Meenakshi Malik Scientist (Agril. Statistics)

TECHNICAL STAFF

Shri P.V.Verma Technical Officer, T-7-8

Sh. S.P. Singh Technical Officer, T-6

Dr. Nasim Ahmad Technical Officer, T-6

Shri S. Sathya Kumar Technical Officer, T-5

Mrs Neelam Mehta Technical Assistant, T-5

Shri Satender Chandra Technical Assistant, T-3

Shri Sanjay Chopra Technical Assistant, T-3

Shri Nirmal Kumar Technical Assistant, T-2

87

Shri Ashok Kumar Technical Assistant, T-2

Shri Satish Babu Technical Assistant, T-2

Shri Suresh Chand Technical Assistant, T-2

Shri Suresh Pal Technical Assistant, T-2

ADMINISTRATIVE STAFF

Sh. Mohinder Singh Administrative Officer

Shri M.R. Sharma Asstt. Admn. Officer

Shri. M.K. Mulani AF & AO

Shri. B. Balmiki Assistant

Shri. Navdeep Datta Assistant

Smt. S. Malhotra Personal Assistant (PA)

Smt. Anima Lugun Stenographer Grade III

Shri. B. Chaudhary U.D.C.

Shri. Pradeep Kumar L.D.C.

Shri Suresh Yadav L.D.C.

SKILLED SUPPORTING STAFF

Smt. Shingari Devi S. S. Gr.-III

Shri Raj Kumar S. S. Gr.-II

Shri Rajendra Kumar Shah S. S. Gr.-II

Shri Uma Shankar Mishra S. S. Gr.-II

Shri Sunil Kumar S. S. Gr.-I

Smt. Kamla S. S. Gr.-I

Shri. Vikram Singh S. S. Gr.-I

Shri. Mahesh Kumar S. S. Gr.-I

Shri Dayal Chand S. S. Gr.-I

Mrs. Sarita Kumari S. S. Gr.-I

PROMOTIONS

Dr. Mukesh Sehgal From Senior Scientist to Principal Scientist

Sh. P.V.Verma From T-6 to T (7-8)

Mrs. Neelam Mehta From T-4 to T-5

Sh. Navdeep Datta From UDC to Assistant

Mrs. Sangeeta Malhotra From Stenographer to Personal Assistant

JOINING

Dr. Someshwar Bhagat joined as Sr. Scientist (Plant Pathology).

Staff List