Navigational Audits Successful Navigational Audits Industry Best Practice · Navigational Audits Why do we need them? 50% of Swedish Club’s H&M claims arose due to navigational

Navigational Audits

Leedham Marine Consultants Ltd

Successful Navigational Audits

Industry Best Practice

Navigational Audits

Navigational Audits

Why we need them?

What makes a Successful Navigation Audit?

What are the benefits?

Navigational Audits

Navigational Audits

Why we need them?

S.S. Torrey Canyon (1967)

Amoco Cadiz (1978)

Exxon Valdez (1989)

Sea Empress 1996

Norwegian Dream - 1999

Reina 1 - 2012

More…

OVIT - 2012

And more…

Navigational Audits

Why do we need them?

50% of Swedish Club’s H&M claims arose due to

navigational incidents:

Collisions, Contacts or GroundingsCollisions, Contacts or Groundings

This figure has remained steady over recent years,

despite improved technology and the widespread

implementation of

Safety Management SystemsSafety Management Systems

Navigational Audits

Swedish Club Findings:

• Lack of situational awareness

• Poor lookout

• Complacency

Navigational Audits

Isn’t SIRE enough?

SIRE inspection Chapter 4 (Navigation)

Sire Inspection:

• Arbitrary sample of subjects within the field

• Many of the most important subjects cannot be

verified in port

• Pass Standard

• Some guidance which is not consistent with

Best Practice

Navigational Audits

Reasons for (External) Navigation Audits

TMSA Stage 4 compliance requires

External Navigation Audits

Navigational Audits




TMSA Stipulates for

� Master’s navigational audits (stage 1)

� Internal navigational audits (stage 2)

� External navigational audits (stage 4)

� Audit reports analysed and improvement

actions implemented across fleet (stage 4)

� Development of KPIs and trend analysis; the

continuous improvement cycle

Navigational Audits




Benchmark our internal audits

Cold Eyes Review

(Industry Best Practice)

Navigational Audits

Navigation Auditing - Current Status

� Master’s Audits� Tick-box exercise only. Issues include:

� Time/resource

� Motivation (Understanding importance, procedures, etc)

� Competence

� Superintendent (Company Internal) Audits� Random. Issues include:

� Competence

� Understanding of procedures

� External Audits� Variable Quality

� Lack of defined Standards

� Lack of defined Competences

Navigational Audits

Requirements for effective navigation audits;

Specialist Assessor

• Extra Master

• Class 1 Deck +

• Credibility

Promotion of “Best Practice”

• Deep subject knowledge

• Teaching ability

• Empathy with the Seafarer

Navigational Audits

Navigational Safety has 4 key elements:

Equipment

Systems

Competence

Human Element

What are we looking for in a Navigation Audit?

Navigational Safety

Equipment

Navigational Equipment

Navigational Controls

Publications / Information

Navigational Safety

Systems

ICS Bridge Procedures

Company Navigational Procedures

Checklists

Navigational Safety

Competence

Navigation Skills and Knowledge

Equipment familiarity

Collreg Knowledge

Bridge Procedures Knowledge

Navigational Safety

Human Factors

Professional Standards

Motivation and Attitude

Morale

Safety Culture

Organisation

Teamwork

Navigational Safety

The Successful Navigation Audit

Watchkeeping Standards

Collision Avoidance

Position Monitoring

Passage Planning

Bridge Teamwork

Navigation with the Pilot on board

Charts & Publications

General / Policy

Navigational Assessments

Policy and General

Are ICS Bridge Procedures followed?

Are Company Bridge Procedures followed?

Are Collision Regulations followed?

If not... WHY?


What are the problem areas?

Education

•Variable standards at colleges around the world

•Lack of effective mentoring on board

•Quality of Mentors



Education

Communications

• Internal: Use of English (or other common language)

on the bridge with multinational crews

• External: English Fluency



Education

Communications

Inter-Personal Skills

• Cultural Differences

• Personalities

•Styles of Leadership

•Assertiveness



Education

Communications

Inter-personal Skills

Variable Standards

• Training / Education

• Master’s Influence / Leadership

• Attitude / motivation



Education

Communications


Variable Standards

Attitude and Motivation

• Reward

• Shared values

• Peer pressure

• Audit / review

• Sensure

• Fatigue



Education

Communications


Variable Standards


Complacency

• Over-reliance on electronic systems

• Failure to follow procedures

• Failure to cross check

• Poor or little use made of checklists



Education

Communications


Variable Standards


Complacency

• Familiarity / “experience”

• Perception of Risk

• Failure to understand consequences

• Attitude / motivation

• Lack of Audit / review



Education

Communications


Variable Standards


Complacency

Compliance

• Perception of value of procedures

• Shared values and peer pressure

• Lack of Audit / Review



Education

Communications


Variable Standards


Complacency

Compliance

Fatigue

Company Procedures

Checklists


Benefits of Navigation Audits

Understanding what actually goes on, on the bridge

Gives the opportunity to:

•Initiate corrective action

•Benchmark internal ISM audits

•Benchmark ships and fleet

against industry Best Practice*

Compliance with TMSA stage 4


Additional Benefits of

Navigation Assessments

Corrective on-board Training

Enhanced Training for Officers





•One-to One

•Group Sessions

•Subject to Time





Passage planning

Collision Avoidance

ECDIS and Position Monitoring

Bridge Teamwork

Working with Pilots






Improved Navigational Safety

Reduction of Navigational Incidents


Navigation Audits

…into the future?

Involvement of OCIMF?

International Chamber of Shipping?

Intertanko?






Improved Navigational Safety

Reduction of Navigational Incidents

Documents

Navigational Audits Successful Navigational Audits Industry Best Practice · Navigational Audits Why do we need them? 50% of Swedish Club’s H&M claims arose due to navigational