NAVAL SURFACE WARFARE CENTER DAHLGREN DIVISION Presented by: Robert Needy E3 Assessment & Evaluation Branch (Q52) 47th Navy Occupational Health & Preventive

NAVAL SURFACE WARFARE CENTER

DAHLGREN DIVISION

Presented by:

Robert NeedyE3 Assessment & Evaluation Branch (Q52)

47th Navy Occupational Health & Preventive Medicine Conference (NEHC)

US Navy Hazards of Electromagnetic Radiation to Personnel (HERP) Ship

Survey and Certification Process

17 March 2008

DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT "D" - Distribution authorized to DOD and DOD contractors only; administrative/operational use (January 2007). Other requests shall be referred to Commander Dahlgren Division, (Q50), Naval Surface Warfare Center, and 17320 Dahlgren Rd., Dahlgren, VA 22448-5100. No secondary distribution authorized without prior approval of NSWCDD (Q50), Dahlgren, VA 22448-5100. DESTRUCTION NOTICE - For classified documents, follow the procedures contained in DOD 5220.22M, Industrial Security Manual, Section II-19 or DOD 5200.1R, Information Security Program Regulation, Chapter IX (Chapter 17 of OPNAVINST 5510.1H). For unclassified, limited documents, destroy by any method that will prevent disclosure of contents or reconstruction of document.

ELECTROMAGNETIC & SENSOR SYSTEMS DEPARTMENT

2

Discussion TopicsDiscussion Topics

HERP US Navy Safety Program

HERP Safety Standards & Instruction Status

US Navy Certification Ship List


3

HERP Ship Safety ProgramHERP Ship Safety Program

HERP - What is it ?

Documentation – Policy & Standards Used


4

HERP – Cause & EffectsHERP – Cause & Effects

HERP – Hazards of Electromagnetic Radiation to Personnel

Cause EffectsNon-Ionizing Radiation RF Radiation (Body Heating)(RF Emissions) RF Burn

Excessive Body Currents - Induced - Contact (grasping)


5US Navy HERP Safety Programs Guided by DODINST 6055.11US Navy HERP Safety Programs Guided by DODINST 6055.11

Documentation Policy & Safety Guidance Used

Documentation Policy & Safety Guidance Used

Technical Warrant Holder: NAVSEA 05W43 (Mark Johnson)Policy/Guidance:– DoDINST 6055.11 – Protection of DoD Personnel from Exposure to RF

Radiation – OPNAVINST 5100.19D – Occupational Safety & Health (NAVOSH) Forces

Afloat– NAVSEA S9040-AA-GRP-010/SSCR – Ship System Certification

Requirements – NAVSEAINST 9700.2 – Integrated Topside Safety and Certification

Program (Pointing, Firing, and RADHAZ Cutouts)– OP 3565 Vol I – HERP/HERF Technical Guidance Handbook

Baseline Standard:– DoD & NAVOSH – Exposure Limits are derived from recommended limits

established by American National Standards Institute (ANSI)/IEEE C95.1; which serve as a consensus standard of industry, scientific communities, government agencies and the public

– IEEE C95.1 – Standard for safety levels with respect to human exposure to RF fields 3 KHz to 300 GHz


6

A conservative standard based uponBiological Thermal

Effects

A conservative standard based uponBiological Thermal

Effects

HERP – C95.1 Standard Characteristics

HERP – C95.1 Standard Characteristics

RF Exposure Limits Based Upon Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) “Time Derivative of Energy Absorbed in a Body Mass”SAR is a Thermal “Heating” EffectCurrently C95.1 Sets SAR Threshold at 4 W/kg with a Safety Factor of (10) – 0.4 w/kg “Above 4 W/kg, There is an Increasing Chance of Adverse Biological Effects, But at or Below, There is No Established Evidence of Harm to Health”Based Upon a Two Tier Standard:– Controlled Environments – Occupational Areas– Uncontrolled Environments – Public Areas

IEEE C95.1 Defines Exposure Limits in Terms:– RF Radiated Fields – V/m, A/m, mW/cm2

– Induced Body Currents – Feet/Foot (mA) – (3 KHz to 100 MHz) – Contact Body Currents – Grasping Contact (mA) – (3 KHz to 100 MHz)


7

HERP Safety ProgramHERP Safety Program

Ship HERP Survey Process

Instrumentation

Shipboard Measurements

Control Measures Implementation

NAVSEA Ship Certification Process


8

Develop Administrative

Control Measures:• Freq & Pwr Management

• Post Warning Signs• Check Radar/SATCOM

Cutouts• Provide On-Site Training & Report

Evaluate WorkplaceEME

On-Site Instrumented Measurements

Guidelines/Instructions(IEEE C95.1 Baseline)

DOD INST 6055.11

Ship HERP Mitigation Process

Ship HERP Mitigation Process


9

Measurement Data used to Develop HERP Control Measures

NAVSEA Dahlgren Division NSWC/Q52 is the Technical Agent for Shipboard HERP Mitigation

NAVSEA Dahlgren Division NSWC/Q52 is the Technical Agent for Shipboard HERP Mitigation

Instrumented MeasurementsInstrumented Measurements


10

Survey InstrumentationSurvey Instrumentation

NARDAEM Survey Meter Model 8723D

With Model 8723D Isotropic Probe

NARDAEM Survey Meter Model 8723D

With Model 8723D Isotropic Probe

HOLADAYModel HI-4422 Electric Field Probe

Model HI-4416 Readout Meter

HOLADAYModel HI-4422 Electric Field Probe

Model HI-4416 Readout Meter

MISSION RESEARCHModel MG-4501 Current Meters(Induced/Contact Body Current)

MISSION RESEARCHModel MG-4501 Current Meters(Induced/Contact Body Current)

NAVSEA RF Voltmeter

(RF-Burn)

NAVSEA RF Voltmeter

(RF-Burn)


11

Type 1 Type 2

Type 3

Type 4 Type 5

Radiation Hazard Warning Signs used on Ships

Radiation Hazard Warning Signs used on Ships

When properly displayed• Identify Hazards

• Inform Sailors how to avoid Hazards

When properly displayed• Identify Hazards

• Inform Sailors how to avoid Hazards


12

Personnel Exposure Limit(PEL) Warning Lines

RF BurnWarning Sign

Posted Warning SignsPosted Warning Signs

Warning Signs

PEL Lines


13

RF Burn IssuesRF Burn Issues

The Use of a RF Insulating Link Installed on Cargo/Boat Cranes Mitigates Potential RF Burn Safety Issue discovered onboard USS SAN ANTONIO (LPD 17)

CraneWire

CraneWire

2-2 HF Antenna2-2 HF Antenna

Measurements w/o Insulating Link

LPD 17 Insulating Link Recently Purchased

Source of RF Burn


14

CAMS RADHAZ Cutout CAMS RADHAZ Cutout

Verify Radiation Cutout Zones Have Not Been CompromisedVerify Radiation Cutout Zones Have Not Been Compromised

NSSWS DIRECTOR (1) WSC-8 ANTENNA(2) CIWS MOUNT(3) AS-3081/WSC-1 ANTENNA

(3)

(1)

(1)

(2)

Fire Control Director


15

HERP CERTIFICATIONISSUED TO

AFLOAT COMMANDS

HERP CERTIFICATIONISSUED TO

AFLOAT COMMANDS

CertificationMessageIssuedRequirements:

ScheduleMoney $

NSWCDL Ship CertificationDraft Message forwarded to NAVSEA

Ship CoordinationSupport & Scheduling

Request for Certification

NAVSEA 05W43 HERP

WARRENY HOLDERSHIP CERTIFICATION(Policy & Direction)

HERP Ship Certification Process

HERP Ship Certification Process

HERP SURVEY EXECUTEDWITH SHIPS SUPPORT

CONTROL MEASURES INSTALLEDRADHAZ AWARENESS TRAINING

NSWCDLTECHNICAL &EXECUTION

AGENT

NAVSEA PEO’s SHIP TYPE COMMANDEREQUIPMENT MANAGERS

NAVSEA S9040-AA-GTP-010/SSCRCERTIFICATION REQUIREMENT

NEW CONSTRUCTIONSHIP ALTS

EQUIPMENT UPGRADES


16

RF Safety Instructions/Standards

RF Safety Instructions/Standards

IEEE C95.1 Revision Status

IEEE C95.6 (0-3kHz) Introduction

DoDINST 6055.1 Revision Status

Tri-Service Panel (TERP)

OPNAVINST 5100.19D

OP 3565 Vol I Revision


17

IEEE C95.1 Revision StatusIEEE C95.1 Revision Status

Safety Levels WRT Human Exposure to EM Fields 3 KHz to 300 GHz

Initial Guidelines Were Published in 1993

Updated to Clarify Issues Associated with Body Currents and Re-Published in 1999

A Complete C95.1 Revision was finished in 2005, and published in 2006

***********************************************************************

Controlled Environments safety limit have remain relatively unchanged. Uncontrolled “General Public” criteria have undergo significant changes in a effort to “lower” the limits in a effort to harmonize with ICNIRP.


18

EM Personnel Hazards 0 to 3KHz C95.6

EM Personnel Hazards 0 to 3KHz C95.6

Published in Oct 2002

Adverse Biological Effects:– Nerve stimulation causing pain

– Inadvertent muscle excitation that may lead to work place injury

– Alteration of synaptic activity within the brain

– Cardiac excitation

– Adverse effects associated with blood flow


19

Summary of C95.6 (0-3kHz) Guidelines (Basic Restrictions)Summary of C95.6 (0-3kHz) Guidelines (Basic Restrictions)

Two Tier Standard – Controlled Environment & General Public

Basic Restrictions for the Various Regions of the Body – In-Situ Electric Fields (V/m)– Brain

– Heart

– Hands, Wrist, Feet & Ankles

Maximum Permissible Exposure (MPE) - Magnetic Fields (A/m)– Head & Torso

– Limits Vary with Frequency Ranges (0 – 3 kHz)

– Induced (feet) & Contact Current (grasping & touching)

* Note: Compliance with the Magnetic Fields MPE, Which are Readily Measurable Quantities, Will Ensure Compliance with the“Basic Restrictions”

* Note: Compliance with the Magnetic Fields MPE, Which are Readily Measurable Quantities, Will Ensure Compliance with the“Basic Restrictions”

* Note: In-Situ “As Measured Within Biological Tissue” is Not a Field Measurable Quantity.

* Note: In-Situ “As Measured Within Biological Tissue” is Not a Field Measurable Quantity.


20

Whole Body & Body Current MPEs Given Based Upon Numerous Special Considerations Listed in the C95.6 Std.

Whole Body & Body Current MPEs Given Based Upon Numerous Special Considerations Listed in the C95.6 Std.

Summary of C95.6 (0-3kHz) Guidelines (Cont’d)Summary of C95.6 (0-3kHz) Guidelines (Cont’d)

Environmental Electric Field MPEs for Whole Body:– Specifies Electric Field strengths for “General Public &

Controlled Environment” exposures for various frequency ranges 0 to 3 kHz

Induced and Contract Current MPEs for Both the “General Public, and Controlled Environment” the Following Conditions: – Both feet

– Each Foot

– Contact grasp

– Contact touch


21

DoDINST 6055.11 Status DoDINST 6055.11 Status

Baseline DoD Instruction WasPublished By the RFRWG/TERP inFeb of 1995 Which Adopted theIEEE Std. C95.1 GuidelinesPublished in 1993.

A Revision to DODINST 6055.11 isin Process, Which Will Adopt theRecently Incorporated Changes tothe IEEE Std. C95.1 Published in April 2006 Along with a Recommendation for DoD Services to Use the Newly Published IEEE Std. C95.6 Guidelines (0 to 3 kHz). The Current DoDINST Does Not Provide Guidance Below 3 kHz.


22

RFRWG – Radio Frequency Radiation Working Group (Formally) Tri-Service Electromagnetic Radiation Panel (TERP)

RFRWG – Radio Frequency Radiation Working Group (Formally) Tri-Service Electromagnetic Radiation Panel (TERP)

Mission:

– Technical Advisor to DoD Environmental, Occupational and Safety Activities on all aspects of Radio Frequency Safety and Health Issues.

– Interfaces with other Federal, national and international organizations.

– Includes Experts from all DoD Services in the areas of bioeffects research, operations, medical, and policy.

– Prepares DoD draft positions on Radio Frequency Radiation standards issues and Environmental Impact Statements.

– Addresses Current DoD media concerns.

– Provides Representation on DoD Safety Occupational Health Working Group under the Deputy Under Secretary of Defense (Environment, Safety and Occupational Health )


23

OPNAVINST 5100.19D StatusOPNAVINST 5100.19D Status

Current Status: – Revised August 2001 to reflect

current 1999 version of IEEEC95.1 (3 kHz – 300 GHz)

Proposed Changes:– Revision in process to adopt

guidelines listed in recentlyPublished IEEE Std. C95.6 (0 – 3 kHz)

C95.6 Guidelines are Needed to Avoid Potential Hazards as a Result of Emerging Technological Developments WRT Direct-Drive Electric Propulsion, Electromagnetic Rail Gun, and Electromagnetic Launched Aircraft Developments


24

OP 3565 Vol I HERP/HERF Revision Six

OP 3565 Vol I HERP/HERF Revision Six

Handbook of Technical Guidance for Personnel & Fuel Hazards– Revision reflects current guidance

provided by DoDINST 6055.11– US Navy Shipboard/Aircraft/Shore emitter

list updated – Technical discussion of HERP & HERF – Calculated HERP safe separation

distances listed– HERF (Fuel) guidance remains unchanged– Revision published in 2003 – Volumes I & II published on same CD

HERP HERF

gasoline


25

Safety Status of US Navy FleetSafety Status of US Navy Fleet

RADHAZ Baseline SurveysConducted Onboard

US Navy Ships(Post 1995)


26

US Navy Ship Status Baseline RADHAZ Surveys

US Navy Ship Status Baseline RADHAZ Surveys

Carriers – CV’s

– CVN’s

Combatants – Cruisers (CG)

– Destroyers (DDG)

– Frigates (FFG)

Amphibious Warfare Command – LCC

Amphibious Assault – LHA

– LHD

Amphibious Transport Docks – LPD 4

– LPD 17

Coastal Patrol Craft – PC

Mine Warfare – MCM

– MHC

Submarine Tenders – AS

Salvage – ARS

Miscellaneous Command – AGF


27

US Navy Ship Status Baseline RADHAZ Surveys (Cont’d)

US Navy Ship Status Baseline RADHAZ Surveys (Cont’d)

Underway Replenishment – AOE

Submarines – SSN 21 (SEAWOLF) – SSN 688 (LOS ANGELES) – SSN (VIRGINIA)– SSBN

Military Sealift Command – T-AE– T-AFS– T-AGS– T-AN– T-AKR– T-AO– T-AKE


28

QUESTIONS ?

Documents

NAVAL SURFACE WARFARE CENTER DAHLGREN DIVISION Presented by: Robert Needy E3 Assessment & Evaluation Branch (Q52) 47th Navy Occupational Health & Preventive