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NAVAL MEDICAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE 7 ""125.-1504 REOTN..2 k • . S ---. o 11 C,ý-- .. .t. " * * . ... . . .. _***-:. *\ - -} •-BIBLIOGRAPHY OF REPORTED BIOLOGICAL PHENOMENA ('EFFECTS') AND CLINICAL SMANIFESTATIONS ATTRIBUTED TO MICROWJAVE AND RADIO-FREQUENCY RADIATIONI S•-:RESEZARCH REPORT KF:•,,,12,:."524. 015-0004B RE•PORTp EsDNO. 2 'i •-•: NATIONAL TECHNICAL !_• INFORMATION SERVICE [ 4(

NAVAL MEDICAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE - rense.com · Heimer of the Naval Ship Engineering Center contributed an extensive collec- tion of government reports and dccuments, many of which

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NAVAL MEDICAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE

7

""125.-1504 REOTN..2

k • .S ---.o 11 C,ý-- .. .t.

" * * • . ... . . . .

_***-:. *\ -

-} •-BIBLIOGRAPHY OF REPORTED BIOLOGICAL PHENOMENA ('EFFECTS') AND CLINICAL

SMANIFESTATIONS ATTRIBUTED TO MICROWJAVE AND RADIO-FREQUENCY RADIATIONI

S•-:RESEZARCH REPORT

KF:•,,,12,:."524. 015-0004B RE•PORTp EsDNO. 2 'i

•-•: NATIONAL TECHNICAL!_• INFORMATION SERVICE

[ 4(

Fmm -W- mrm im. r- w

BIBLIOGPHY OF REPORTED BIOLOGICAL PHENOMENA ('EFFECTS') AND CLINICAL

MANIFESTATIONS ATTRIBUrED TO MICROWAVE AND RADIO-FREQUENCY RADIATION

Zorach R. Glaser, Ph.D.LT, MSC, USNR

Research 'Report

Project MF12.524.015-00043,Report No. 2

Naval Medical Research InstituteNational Naval Medical Center

Bethesda, Maryland 20014, U.S.A.

4 October 1971

Second Printing, with Revisions,

Corrections, and Additions: 20 April 1972(Supersede3 AD No. 734391)

I I

I' ABSTRACTMore than 2000 references on the biological responses to radio

frequency and microwave radiation, published up to June 1971, are

included in the bibliography.* Particular attention has been paid to

the effects on man of non-ionizing radiation at these frequencies.

The citations are arranged alphabetically by author, and contain as

much information as possible so as to assure effective retrieval of

the original documents. An outline of the effects whicb have been

attributed to radio frequency and microwave radiation is also part of

the report.

*Three supplementary listings bring the number of citations to morei than 2300.

SKej Words

Biological EffectsNon-Ionizing RadiationRadar HazardsRadio Frequency Radiation

Microwave RadiationHealth HazardsBibliographyElectromagnetic Radiation Injury

The comments upon and criticisms of the literature made in this report,

and the recommendations and inferences suggested, are those of the

author, and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Navy Department

or of the Naval Service.

2

Secunt. Classification

DOCUMENT CONTROL DATA - R & D~c~f:, CIII, *t I IdCSf l ti 1 of UlU. 4,,dy 0, abs'rct anJ Indexing ano-.,* -in -ist I entered Alin :$ýe zoverz I t.9por i~ 1.s t~d

C'I-%tTIG AC ,VITY C. •rpofare*utho) 1Z*. REPORT SECURITY CO$AS•IFICA•.O,%

N AVAL UEDICAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE UNClASSIFIED.,TIUNAL NAVAL MEDICAL CENTER 2ib. GROUP

BETHSDA, -AW'IAND 20014I ALPORT TITISE

BIBLIUGMPHY OF ;;-ZOXTED BIOLOGICAL PHENOMENA ('EFFECTS') AND CLINICAL:ŽANIFESTATIONS ATTRIBUTED TO MICROW&VE AND RADIO-FREQUENCY- RADIATION

4. -ESC• •PTIVE NOTES ()r.pe ofirepor: and inclusive dates)

Medicai research interim report, bibliographic (Current to April 1972) j"AU T.ORCSI (First name. middie initial. last name)

Zorach R. GLASLR, Ph.D. IL-T, MSC, USN

REPORT ,ATE Revised 2O April 1972 Va. TOTA NO. OF PAGES Th. No. OF REPS

(4. Occm.er 1971, Original) 2,311454 CONTRACT OR GRANT NO. - • ORIGINATOR•S REPORT NUMSERteu)

b. ,,oJEC- No J F12.524.015-0004B, Report No. 2, Ke~ise

C.1

Ob. OT#4ERk REPORT ftOMS (Any other num~bers that may be assignedthis gep@fl)

d. .

Z *ISTRI8b..T:CN STATEMENT A

ITHiIS LOWUMENT HALS BEEN APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE AND SALE; ITS DISTRIBUTION ISUNLIMITED.

-II:b.PPLEAENTAR~. NOTES 12-. SPONSORING MILI TARY AC TI VIT Y BUEUOMDIIEADSRRY(V) jWASHINGTON, D.C. 20390 1

:3 AUJS TACT-

More than 2300 relerences on the biological responses to radio trequency and

microwave radiation, published up t April 1972, are included in this bibliographyot the world iiterature. Particular attention has been paid to the effects on man

o: non-ionizing radiation at these ' requencies. The citations are arrangedalphabetically by author, and contain as much information as possible so as to

assure eltective retrieval of the original documents. Soviet and East Europeanf literature is included in detail. An outline of the effects which have beenattributed tu radio trequency and microwave radiation is included as Chapter 1.The revised report (which supersedes DDC report AD#734391) is updated with theinclusion oi three supplementary listings, and has incorporated many correctionsand adoitions to the original 2100 citations.

I

" ov .,473 UNCIASSIFIED• Security Classification

UNCLASSIFIEDSecurity Chtssifii.tion

%-IN. A LINK B

KEY WORDS- - --

biooica- eieiects

Non-iouizing radiation IRadar hazards I

Radio Irequency radiation 4

:Aicrowave radiar iton , Illeair. hazards |

Siblio6raphy II iEiec:r~a6netic radiation injury I

i-aCau.'amn adverse etlectsI2I I j

I I

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I -!

2 2 ' t41

' !

I I I I2 " 2

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* I'

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2 I•II I

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

PAGE

Abstract 2

Table of Contents 3

Foreword 4

Acknowledgments 5

Chapter 1, Outline of Reported Biological Phenomena ('Effects') 7and Some Clinical Hanifestations Attributed toMicrovave and Radio-Frequency Radiation

Chapter 2, Bibliography, Alphabetical Listing 12

Unsigned Reports and Articles 83

Addenda, Alphabetical by Author 87

Addenda, Unsigned Reports and Articles 89

Fir3t Suppleeuntary Listing (5 October 1971) 91

Appendix A, Accession Numbers and Sources 92

Second Supplementary Listing (21 November 1971) 93

Third Supplementary Listing (17 April 1972) 95

34

2:a

Foreword

It is the hope of the author that this bibliography will provide guid-ance to the diffuse and conflicting literature on the biological responsesto electromagnetic radiation at radio- and microwave-frequencies, withparticular reference to the effects of concern to man. Such guidance isneeded in the formulation and appraisal of criteria and limits of humanexposure to "non-ionizing" radiation, and in the planning and conduct offuture research.

The original plans were to categorize and key the literature cita-tions to the "outline of biological and clinical effects" (Chapter 1).This proved to be a much more dif"icult and time-consuming task thananticipated, and was actually completed only for about 400 papers. Thus,the letter-number combinations given in square brackets for some of the"A" through "C" citations refer to the outline. INV] indicates the cita-tion was "not verified".

The standard format used throughout the bibliography is: author,(date), journal, volume, (issue): page, "title". The authors are alpha-betized, and in chronological order. Multiple authora 'xe also alphabeti-cally ordered according to the second, third, etc., author. Inclusivepagination is given where possible, as is the original language of thecitation. Report accession and translation numbers (some of which arecited in Appendix A), and alternate sources are listed when known. Thetitle of books is underlined. When the title of the report was not avail-able (or not given), a short (one line) description of the paper is listedwhenever possible. Reports in which the name of the author was not givenare listed chronologically using the format, "title", reference, source,(date). In many cases the citation was obtained from secondary (andtertiary) sources. For this reason it was impossible to put every citationinto a consistent format.

In a few cases, papers have been cited which were presented atsymposia or meetings devoted to the present topic, even when the reporttitle suggests that it does not pertain directly to the topic. This hasbeen done to show the wide range of items considered relevant (at leastat the time of the meeting, and by the organizing chairman) in past years.An example is "electroanesthesia".

A few citations of marginal and/or peripheral relationship have alsobeen included so that the reader may judge the applicability to his indi-vidual research needs. Examples are reports dealing with the biologicaleffects of static and alternating magnetic fields, experimental techniquesusing radio frequency and microwave radiation (e.g., electron spin reso-nance, and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy), and microwave expo-sure limits, regulations, and standards.

References for a few limited-distribu ion government reports areavailable upon request.

4

The author welcomes information which will correct errors and omis-sions (both of which no doubt exist). Copies of new papers would begreatly appreciated, and would encourage updating and revising the biblio-graphy periodically.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

The assistance and support received during the preparation of thisbibliography have been considerable, and I am happy to acknowledge my in-debtedness and gratitude. Drs. John Keesey and Dennis Heffner, former andpresent Heads of the Biophysics Division, and Dr. Seymour Friess, Directorof the Environmental Biosciences Department of the Naval Medical ResearchInstitute, permitted me the opportunitj to work on the bibliography, andoffered frequent encouragement.

Acknowledgment is also due to many friends and associates for their

helpful suggestions, comments, and loans and/or gifts of reports or othermaterial, which have been invaluable in the course of the work. "r. GlennHeimer of the Naval Ship Engineering Center contributed an extensive collec-tion of government reports and dccuments, many of which had not previouslybeen cited in the open literature.

- Special help in tracing and in the acquisition of relevant papers hasbeen received from the librarians and staff members of the NMRI library:Mrs. Thelma Robinson, Mrs. Ernestine Gendlemen, Mrs. Eleanor Capps, andMiss Deborah Grove. Their diligence and resourcefulness in tracing andobtaining copies of a large number of papers and reports, often in spiteof Incomplete and/or inaccurate citations given in other sources, enabled

me to include many relevant items in the bibliography.

Mr. Christopher Dodge of the Scientific and Technical Center, Depart-sent of the Navy, provided much of the Soviet Bloc literature, linguisticand other technical assistance, and in addition offered valuable commentsand encouragement throughout the preparation of this report. Especiallynoteworthy were the corrections and improremeuts suggested by Chris follow-ing his reading of the entire manuscript.

Helpful also in locating some of the Soviet literature was Mr. E. S.Serebrennikov, of the Science and Technology Division, The Library ofCongress.

Credit is due Mrs. Ann& Woke (of this Institute) for translating manyof the German papers; to Dr. Emilio Weiss, who translated from the Italian,and to Mrs. Edith Pugh who typed many "first drafts"; also to Mrs. RhodaGlaser for her help in many aspects of the work.

Mrs. Fannie Epstein Aeserves special mention for her outstandingeditorial assistance, and especially for the heroic typing, organization,and checking of the entire report.

_ ~5

o !--- z- -'-- --.----

T- .aut line of Reported Biological Phenomena ('Effects') andClinical eal1festations Attributed to Microwave and Radio-Frequency IRadiatior, is patterneh after that given by R. Murray, .et al., in anarticle entitled, "Has-o safe are alcrowaves", which appeared in Non-Ionizing Radiation 1(1):7-8 (1969). Some of the "effects" were listedin the r#.ort by S. F. Cleary and W. T. Ham, Jr., entitled, "Considera-tions in the evaluation of the biological effects on exposure to micro-wave radiation!, (3ackground document, Port 1, 1969, for the Task Forceon Research Planving in Environmental Health, Subtask Force on PhysicalFactors in the Environment). The discusbion and suggestions offered byByron McLees,, Edward Finch, Lewis Gersbman, and Christopher Dodge relat-ing to the Outline are also gratefully acknowledged.

Prepare-r *.-n of the bibliography was supported by the Bureau ofMedicine A,;,, -.irgery, Department of the Navy, under vork unit HF12.524.0105-OO'V.

AII

74

61

CIHAPTER I

Peported Diolorical Phenomena (*Effects') and SomeClinical Manifestations Attributed to !Iicrowave

and P.adlo-Frequency Padiation (See Note)

A. Heating of Organs* (Applications: Diathermy, rlectrosurrerv, Flectro-coagulation, I.lecrrodesicoation, lectrotomy)

1. M.ole Body (temnerature repulation defect), !Hyperpyreyla2. Skin3. Bone and Bone . tarro:4. (a) Lens of Lye (cataractous lesions - due to the avascular

nature of the lens vhich prevents adequate heat dissipat i,w.I(M) Corneal damane also poosil le at extrei.ely 0It fro- u4-i. 'c.

5. e'enitalia (tubular dreg.?neration of testicleF)C.. hrain7. SinusesS. etal Inplants (burns near hip ?ins, erc.)The effects are :tneralPy reversible except for 4a.

B. Chianes in liv, o.ogic .function

I. Striated :ttscte Contraction2. Alteration of DWi-meter of Blood Vessels (increasec' va.tcr-lar

elasticity), DilationS. Changes in the Oxidative Processes in Tissues and ArranL4. Liver Lnlargement5. A.ltered Sensitivity to Drug Stitruli6. Decreased Spernato.enesis (decreased fertility, to steril.)7. Altered Sex Patio of Blrths (more girls!)8. Altered ,!enstrual Activity9. Altered Fetal Devwlopment

I. iAecreasee Lactation in :ursing ":others'.l. Reduction in i'iuresis (',a+ excretio:,, via urine output)!2. Altered !'era!! function (decreased filtratir," ::- tul alef)13. U:hanf-es in (onditioned P:eflexes14. iecreased .;lectrical .eristance of Skin15. Changes in tbU Structure of Skin re.cptorn of tie (a) i.-ti~e,

and (b) i-loot'-Carryinr Systcr.-:16. Alterrd mIood Fnow !:ate

* It is also reported that leov levels of irradiation produce a cooling

effect - "hypercor.pensation".

Note: Thece effects are listed without comment or endorse.:ent :Aince. t-eliterature abounds with conflicting reports. In sonte cases the !:asi. f~nrreporting an "effect" was a single or a non-statistical observaticr, i'"ichmay have been drawn from a poorly conceived (and poorly executed)xpevri-fnente

7

17. Alterations In the Siocurrents (KW?) of the Cerebral Cortex(in animals)

18. Changes In the Rate of Clearance of Tagged Ions from Tissue19. Reversible Structural Changes In the Cerebral Cortex and the

Diencephalon20. Electrocardiographic (EKG) Changes21. Alterations In Sensitivity to Light, Sound, and Olfactory

StImuli22. Functional (a) and Pathological (b) Changes in the Eyes:

(a) decrease in size of blind spot, altered color recogPltion,changes In Intraocular pressure, lacriaation, trembling cf eye-lids; (b) less opacity and coagulation, altered tissue respira-tion, and altered reduction-oxidation processes

23. Myocardial Necrosis

24. Hemorrhage in Lungs, Liver, Gut, and Brain J At Fatal Levels25. Generalized Degeneration of all Body Tissue of Radiation26. Loss of Anatomical Parts27. Death28. Dehydration29. Altered Rate of Calcification of Certain Tissue

C. Central Nervous System Effects

1. Headaches2. Inomnia3. Restlessness (Awake and During Sleep)4. Electroencephalographic (EW) Changes5. Cranial Nerve Disorders6. Pyramidal Tract Lesions7. Condittoned Reflex Disorders8. Vagominetic Action of the Heart; Sympaticouminetic Action9. Seizures, Convulsions

D. Autonomic Nervous System Effects

1. Neuro-vegetative Disorders (e.g., alteration of heart rhythm)2. Fatigue3. Structural Alterations Lu the Synapses of the Vague Nerve4. Stimalatin of Parasympathetic Nervous System (Bradycardia),

and lnhbition of the Sympathetic Nervous System

E. Peripheral Nervous System Effects

Effects on Locowtor Nerves

F. Psychological Disorders ("Human Behavioral Studies") - the so-called"Psychophysiologic (and Psychosomatic) Responses"

I. Neurasthenia- (general "bad" feeling)2. Depression3. Impotence4. Anxiety5. Lack of Concentration6. Hypochondria7. Dizziness,S. Hal lucinations9. Sleepiness

10. InsomniaII. Increased Irritabiiity12. ')ecreased Appetite13. Loss of !:er-ory14. Scalp SensarionsY 15. Tncreasee Fatirabilty 41r

16. Chest rainA17. Tremor of the lianus

G. Behavioral (Cnanres (Aninal Studies)

Peflexive, Operant, tvoldance, and DIscrinination Belaviors

l. Mood Disorders(V = in vivo)

(v = in vitrt.'Changes in:1. Bloo.' anC Bone *:arrcn%2. Pha~oryt.:r (polrVorphs) and Bactericidal "unctiornr f . ,v)

S3. llemol.-s.s .at* (increase), (a shortene,! lifeaz~: of , "•. St-dir.enta-ion ;ate (increase), (due to ,-e. ;n sp, t " I

levels or ar:ount of fitrino-er. (?))"5. ::uriber of L.rythroc'tes (Cecrease), also nneher of 1.yr- c, tt'.

Bl. ood CtluccFe foncentration (increase)7. Llood 11istanine rontentZ. Cholesterol and Lipids9. Garma (also u and 0) Gl.obulin, and Total Protein Concentration

10. Number of Eosinophils A11. Albumin/Globulin ratio (decrease)12. PHemopoiesis (rate of formation of blood corpuscles)

13. Leul-openia (increase in number of x0.ito cells), ancl Leu1-oc-,orosis14. * .et iculocytosis

1. Vascular Disorders

1. Thrombosis2. Hypertension

9

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2 ii

JS Enzyme and Other Biochemical Changes

h Changes in activity of:1. Cholinesterase (V,v)2. Phosphatase (v)3. Transaminase (v)4. Amylase (v)5. Carboxydismutase

6. Protein Denaturation7. Toxin, Fungus, and Virus Inactivation (at high radiation dose

levels), Bacteriostatic Effect8. Tissue Cultures Killed9. Alteration In iRate of Coll Division

10. Increased Concentration of RVA in Lymphocytes, and Decreased

Concentration in Brain,. Liver, and Spleen11. Changes in Pyruvic Acid, Lactic Acid, and Creatinine LxereJions

S12. Change in Concentration of Glycogen in Liver (Hlyperglycevia)

13. Alteration in Concentration of 17- Ketosterolds in Urine

SK. Metabolic Disorders

Glycosuria (sugar in uriTe; related with blood sugar?)2. Increase in Urinary Phenol (derivatives? DOPA?)3. Alteration of rate of ietabolic Enzymatic ProcessesS4. Altered Carbohydrate Metabolism

L. Gastro-Intestinal Disorders

1. Anorexia (loss of appetite)2. Epigastric Pain3. Constipation4. Altered Secretion of Stomach "Digestive Juices"

It. Endocrine Gland Changes

1. Altered Pituitary runction2. Ilyperthyroidism3. Thyroid Enlargement4. Increased Uptake of Radioactive Iodine by Thyroid Gland5. Altered Adrenal Cortex Activity6. Decreased Corticosteroids in Blood

S7. Decreased Glucocorticoidal Activity8. 1lypogonadism (usually decreased testosterone production)

IN. Histological Changes

1. Changes in Tubular Epithelium of TesticlesS2. Gross Changes

10

0. Genetic and Chromoscrtal Changes A

1. Chromosome Aberrations (e.g., linear shortening, pseudochiasm,diploid structures, amitotic division, bridging, "sticky"chromosomes, irregularities in chromosomal env-zlope)

2. Mutations =3. Mongolism

4. Somatic Alterations (changes in cell not involving nucleus orchromosomes, cellular transformation)

5. Neoplastic Diseases (e.g*, tumors)

P. Pearl Chain Effect (Intracellular orientation of subcellular part cles,and orientation of cellular and other (non-biologlc) particles)

Also, orientation of animals, birds, and fish in electromagnetic

fields

Q. Miscellaneous Effects

1. Sparking between dental fillings2. Peculiar metallic taste in mouth3. Changes in Optical Activity of Colloidal Solutions4. Treatment for Syphilis, Poliomyelitis, Skin Diseases5. Loss of flair6. Brittleness of flair7. Sensations of Buzzing Vibrations, Pulsations, and Ticklinp About

the Head and Ears8. Copious Perspiration, Salivation, and Protrusion of Tonpue9. Changes in the Operation of Implanted Cardiac Pacemakers

10. Changes in Circadian PMythms

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