VHF1. The angle between successive phase changes of a DPSK signal is:a. 45b. 90c. 180

2. The method of modulation currently employed for aircraft VHF voice communication is:a. MSKb. D8PSKc. DSB AM

3. The channel spacing currently used in Europe for aircraft VHF voice communication is:a. 8.33 kHz and 25 kHzb. 12.5 kHz and 25 kHzc. 25 kHz and 50 kHz

4. Which one of the following gives the approximate LOS range for an aircraft at an altitude of 15,000 feet?a. 74 nmb. 96 nmc. 135 nm

5. The function of the compressor stage in an aircraft VHF radio is:a. to reduce the average level of modulationb. to increase the average level of modulationc. to produce 100% modulation at all times.6. The function of the squelch stage in an aircraft VHF radio is:a. to eliminate noise when no signal is receivedb. to increase the sensitivity of the receiver for weak signalsc. to remove unwanted adjacent channel interference7. Large passenger aircraft normally carry:a. two VHF radiosb. three VHF radiosc. four VHF radios8. The typical bandwidth of a DSB AM voice signal is:a. 3.4 kHzb. 7 kHzc. 25 kHz9. The disadvantage of narrow channel spacing is:a. the need for increased receiver sensitivityb. the possibility of adjacent channel interferencec. large amounts of wasted space between channels

10. The standard for ACARS is defined in:a. ARINC 429b. ARINC 573c. ARINC 72411. The frequency band currently used in Europe for aircraft VHF voice communication is:a. 88 MHz to 108 MHzb. 108 MHz to 134 MHzc. 118 MHz to 137 MHz12. The typical output power of an aircraft VHF radio using voice mode is:a. 25 Wb. 150Wc. 300 W

HF13. The typical bandwidth of an aircraft HF SSB signal isa. 3.4 kHzb. 7 kHzc. 25 kHz14. The principal advantage of SSB over DSB AM isa. reduced bandwidthb. improved frequency responsec. faster data rates can be supported15. HF data link uses typical data rates ofa. 300 bps and 600 bpsb. 2400 bps and 4800 bpsc. 2400 bps and 31,500 bps16. The standard for HF data link is defined ina. ARINC 429b. ARINC 573c. ARINC 63517. Which one of the following gives the approximate range of audio frequencies used for SELCAL tones?a. 256 Hz to 2048 Hzb. 312Hzto 1479 Hzc. 300 Hz to 3400 Hz18. How many alphanumeric characters are transmitted in a SELCAL code?a. 4b. 8c. 1619. How many bits are used in an ICAO aircraft address?a. 16b. 24c. 3220. The typical RF output power from an aircraft HF transmitter is:a. 25 W pepb. 50 W pepc. 400 W pep21. An HF radio is required for use on oceanic routes becausea. VHF coverage is inadequateb. higher power levels can be producedc. HF radio is more reliable

22. The function of an HF antenna coupler is to:a. reduce static noise and interferenceb. increase the transmitter output powerc. match the antenna to the radio

ADF

23. ADF antennas are used to determine what aspect of the transmitted signal?a. Wavelengthb. Null signal strengthc. Maximum signal strength24. The ADF antennas includea. one sense loop and two directional loopsb. two sense loops and two directional loopsc. two sense loops and one directional loop25. ADF operates in the following frequency range:a. MF to VHFb. LF to MFc. VLF26. Bearing to the tuned ADF station is displayed on the:a. RMIb. NDBc. HIS27. The purpose of an ADF sense antenna is toa. provide directional information to the receiverb. discriminate between NDBs and commercial broadcast stationsc. combine with the loop antenna to determine a station bearing28. The RMI has two pointers coloured red and green; these are used to indicate:a. two separately tuned ADF stationsb. AM broadcast stations (red) and NDBs (green)c. heading (red) and ADF bearing (green)29. The bearing source indicator adjacent the RMI confirmsa. ADF or VOR selectionb. the NDB frequencyc. the NDB bearing30. NDBs on navigation charts can be identified by:a. five letter codesb. two/three letter codesc. triangles31. Morse code is used to confirm the NDBsa. Frequencyb. Namec. Bearing32. During sunrise and sunset, ADF transmissions are affected by:a. coastal refractionb. static build-up in the airframec. variations in the ionosphere

33. NDBs associated with the final approach to an airfield are calleda. locator beaconsb. reporting pointsc. en route navigation aids34. Quadrantal error (QE) is associated with the:a. Ionosphereb. physical aspects of terrainc. physical aspects of the aircraft structure35. ADF ground waves are affected bya. the ionosphereb. coastal refraction and terrainc. solar activity36. ADF sky waves are affected by:a. the ionosphereb. coastal refractionc. the local terrain37. A BFO can be used to establish:a. the non-directional output of an NDBb. which loop antenna is receiving a nullc. an audio tone for an NDB

VOR38. VOR operates in which frequency range?a. LFb. MFc. VHF.39. VOR signals are transmitted as what type of wave?a. Sky waveb. Ground wavec. Space wave40. Where is the deviation from a selected VOR radial displayed?a. RMIb. HISc. NDB41. At which radial will the directional wave be out of phase by 90 degrees with the non directional wave?a. 090 degreesb. 000 degreesc. 180 degrees42. At which radial will the directional signal be in phase with the non-directional signal?a. 090 degreesb. 000 degreesc. 180 degrees43. VOR navigation aids are identified by how many alpha characters?a. Twob. Threec. Five44. VOR radials are referenced to:a. non-directional signals from the navigation aidb. magnetic northc. true north.

45. The RMI has two pointers coloured red and green; these are used to indicatea. the bearing of two separately tuned VOR stationsb. directional (red) and non-directional transmissions (green)c. the radials of two separately tuned VOR stations46. Morse code tones are used to specify the VORa. Identificationb. Frequencyc. Radial47. The intersection of two VOR radials provides what type of position fix?a. Rhorhob. Thetathetac. Rhotheta48. An aircraft is flying on a heading of 090 degrees to intercept the selected VOR radial of 180 degrees; the HSI will display that the aircraft is:a. right of the selected courseb. left of the selected coursec. on the selected course49. The DVOR navigation aid has an omnidirectional transmitter located in thea. Centreb. outer antenna arrayc. direction of magnetic north50. When flying overhead a VOR navigation aid, the reliability of directional signals:a. Decreasesb. Increasesc. stays the same51. Reporting points using VOR navigation aids are defined by the:a. identification codesb. intersection of two radialsc. navigation aid frequencies52. With increasing altitude, the range of a VOR transmission will bea. Increasedb. Decreasedc. the same

DME53. DME is based on what type of radar?a. Primaryb. Secondaryc. VHF54. DME provides the following information to the crewa. bearing to a navigation aidb. deviation from a selected coursec. distance to a navigation aid55. When tuned into a VORTAC, commercial aircraft obtain their distance and bearing information from thea. TACAN and VORb. DME and VORc. DME and TACAN

56. DME signals are transmitteda. by line of sightb. as ground wavesc. as sky waves57. An RDMI provides the following informationa. distance and bearing to a navigation aidb. deviation from a selected coursec. the frequency of the selected navigation aid.58. Slant range errors are greatest when the aircraft is flying at:a. high altitudes and close to the navigation aidb. high altitudes and far from the navigation aidc. low altitudes and far from the navigation aid.59. To select a co-located VOR-DME navigation aid, the crew tunes into the:a. DME frequencyb. VOR frequencyc. NDB frequency60. The DME interrogator is part of the:a. airborne equipmentb. DME navigation aidc. VORTAC61. The varying interval between pulse-pairs ensures that the interrogatora. recognizes its own pulse-pairs and rejects other signalsb. recognizes other pulse-pairs and rejects its own signalc. tunes into a VOR station and DME navigation aid.62. When a DME indicator is receiving no computed data, it will display:a. Dashesb. Zerosc. Eights63. Using a collocated VORDME navigation aid produces what type of position fix?a. Rhorhob. Rhothetac. Thetatheta64. Distance and bearing signals from a TACAN navigation aid are transmitted on:a. HFb. UHFc. VHF65. Using two DME navigation aids provides how many calculated positions?a. Twob. Onec. Three66. DME operates in which frequency band?a. UHFb. VHFc. LF/MF

HYPERBOLIC

67. Long-range radio navigation systems rely on what type of radio wave?a. Ground waveb. Sky wavec. Space wave68. How many transmitting stations are required in a hyperbolic navigation system to provide a unique position?a. Oneb. Twoc. Three or more69. How many unique locations are defined on a hyperbolic line of position?a. One b. Twoc. Three70. The foci of hyperbolae are located at:a. each of the transmittersb. the intersection of lines of positionc. the intersection of concentric circles.71. The intersection of two Loran-C pulses with same time delay can be used to determine a:a. line of positionb. baselinec. unique position72. Loran-C operates in which frequency band?a. 1901750kHzb. 90110 kHzc. 108112 MHz.73. How many pulses does the master station in a Loran-C chain transmit?a. 27b. 8c. 9

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