NATURE OF GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENTI NYOMAN MANGKU KARMAYA

GROWTH : INCREASE IN SIZE(ANATOMICAL AND PHYSIOLOGICAL CHANGES)

DEVELOPMENT : BECOME A MATURE ORGANISM(RELATED TO PSYCHOLOGICAL, IDEAS, UNDERSTANDING, MOTOR AND SENSORY SKILL)

A SERIES OF CHANGESCELL DIVISONDIFFERENTIATION: DIFFERENT FUNCTIONALTERATION IN THE FORM OF BODY AS A WHOLE AND INDIVIDUAL ORGANS AND SYSTEMSADDING AND SUBSTRACTING MATERIALS (THYMUS AND EMBRYONIC VASCULAR CHANNELS)INCIDENTAL DESTRUCTION AND (PREMATURE) DEATH CELLS AND TISSUESSUBSTITUTION (CARTILAGE BY BONE, TEMPORARY BY PERMANENT TEETH)

A SERIES OF CHANGES6. ALTERATION AND MODIFICATION (BONY SKELETON, EPITHELIAL CELLS)7. NOT ALL PARTS GROW AND STOP GROWING SIMULTANEOUSLY8. GROWTH OF ONE PART CONTROLLED BY THE ACTIVITY OF ANOTHER9. GROWTH DOES NOT CEASE WHEN MATURAITY IS ATTAINED (SKIN, HAIR, NAIL)

PROCESSES OF GROWTHMULTIPLICATIVE: INCREASE IN NUMBER BY DIVIDINGAUXETIC :INCREASE IN SIZEACCRETIONARY: INCREASE IN AMOUNT OF NON-LIVING MATERIAL BETWEEN CELLSINTERSTITIAL GROWTH: UNIFORM GROWTH OF THE TISSUE THROUGHOUT ITS MASSAPPOSITIONAL GROWTH: NEW MATERIAL IS ADDED TO SURFACE OF EXISTING SUBSTANCE

CELL DIVISIONFROM SINGLE FERTILIZED OVUM BY 45 GENERATION OF DIVISION BECOME 1014 CELLS IN HUMAN ADULTFERTILIZED OVUM WITH NO INCREASE IN CYTOPLASMA AMOUNT TWO DAUGHTER CELLS CONTAIN HALF THE MATERIAL OF PARENT CELL SIMULTANEOUS DIVISIONTHERE IS A TIME CELLULAR MULTIPLICATION IS CONVERTED INTO A STEADY AND GRADUAL PROCESS BY FITS AND STARTS. SOME CELLS CONTINUE TO DIVIDE, SOME HAVE TO WAIT

CELL DIVISIONLIMITATION OF CELL SIZE BY PHYSICAL (VOLUME AND SURFACE AREA) AND CHEMICAL FACTORSTO OVERCOME THIS THE CELL ALTERS ITS SHAPE (ELONGATED: NERVE CELLS; FLATTENING: EPITHELIAL CELLS; FOLDING UP ITS SURFACE MEMBRANE: INTESTINAL CELLS). REGULAR 14-SIDED FIGURES (TETRAKAIDEKAHEDRA) IS A MAXIMUM ECONOMY OF SURFACE AREATHE RATIO BETWEEN THE SIZE WITH GROWTH AT THE SAME RATE AS THE CYTOPLASM DETERMINE THE TIME AT WHICH A CELL MUST DIVIDETHE PROCESS OF GROWTH AND CELL DIVISION ARE COMPLEMENTARY AND INTERDEPENDENT

CELL DIFFERENTIATIONNO EVIDENCE IN THE EARLY STAGES OF EMBRYO.THE CELLS ARE UNDIFFERENTIATED, UNIFORM, NON DISCRIPT, RELATIVELY SIMPLE STRUCTURE AND FUNCTIONS, HIGHLY ADAPTABLE UNDER DIFFERRING ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITION, MULTIPOTENTLATER CELLS BEGIN TO SYNTHESIZED DIFFERENT PROTEIN---RISE TO SPECIFIC TISSUES

CELL DIFFERENTIATIONDIFFERENTIATED CELLS: DIVERSE AND REGULAR APPEARANCE, COMPLEX STRUCTURE, SPECIALIZED FUNCTION, MUCH MORE RIGID AND UNADAPTABLE, DIFFERENT RESPONSES TO VARIOUS GROWTH-PROMOTING STIMULITHE DIFFERENTIATION FACTORS: INFLUENCE OF OTHER CELLS IN THE BODY, SELECTIVE REPRESSION AND SELECTIVE ACTIVATION OF THE GENE

TISSUES CLASSIFICATIONVERY ACTIVE TURNOVER: EPIDERMIS, CELLS LINING THE GUT, BLOOD FORMING TISSUES, MALE AND FEMALE SEX`CELLSMODERATE TURNOVER: LIVER, KIDNEY, ENDOCRINE CELLSAFTER A CERTAIN TIME NO MORE TURN OVER: MUSCLE AND NERVOUS TISSUES

MITOTIC INDEX= RATIO OF CELLS IN MITOSIS TO CELLS NOT IN MITOSIS IN A GIVEN TIMEMITOTIC INDEX (THE RATE OF GROWTH) INFLUENCED BY: AGE, SEX, WEIGHT, DIET, TEMPERATURE AND TIME OF DAY.

TERIMAKASIHKU