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Nature and Natura in the language of tourism: between culture and usage in English and Italian Elena Manca University of Lecce Foggia 20th May 2005

Nature and Natura in the language of tourism: between culture and usage in English and Italian Elena Manca University of Lecce Foggia 20th May 2005

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Page 1: Nature and Natura in the language of tourism: between culture and usage in English and Italian Elena Manca University of Lecce Foggia 20th May 2005

Nature and Natura in the language of tourism: between culture and

usage in English and Italian

Elena MancaUniversity of Lecce

Foggia 20th May 2005

Page 2: Nature and Natura in the language of tourism: between culture and usage in English and Italian Elena Manca University of Lecce Foggia 20th May 2005

Assumptions

1. centrality of collocation in the identification of meaning

2. the “inter-collocation of collocates” (Sinclair 1996)

Page 3: Nature and Natura in the language of tourism: between culture and usage in English and Italian Elena Manca University of Lecce Foggia 20th May 2005

Translation by Collocation

1. Words do not occur in isolation

2. Interdependence of lexis and grammar

Focus on functionally complete units of meaning (Tognini Bonelli 2001 ff)

Page 4: Nature and Natura in the language of tourism: between culture and usage in English and Italian Elena Manca University of Lecce Foggia 20th May 2005

The dataAgriturist Corpus 120.000 wordsFarmhols Corpus 200.000 words

Natura and Nature

Natura 147 occurrencesNature 27 occurrences

Page 5: Nature and Natura in the language of tourism: between culture and usage in English and Italian Elena Manca University of Lecce Foggia 20th May 2005

(1) natura + incontaminata/intatta(2) natura + circostante

.. ideale per chi cerca le bellezze di una natura incontaminata,

.. vacanze tranquille in una natura ancora intatta.

.. l'incontaminata e suggestiva natura circostante

Page 6: Nature and Natura in the language of tourism: between culture and usage in English and Italian Elena Manca University of Lecce Foggia 20th May 2005

(3) a contatto con + natura simbiosi/sintonia + natura tuffo/ immersione + natura

.. confortevole a pieno contatto con la natura usufruendo del servizio ricettivo

.. sentendosi in piena simbiosi con la natura. E’ incomparabile

.. in piena sintonia con la natura che circonda la nostra tenuta

.. la serenità di un’immersione nella natura in un contesto incontaminato.

.. ideale per una vacanza immersa nella natura: il Residence

.. alle Stalle “Un tuffo nella natura più incontaminata”

Page 7: Nature and Natura in the language of tourism: between culture and usage in English and Italian Elena Manca University of Lecce Foggia 20th May 2005

(4) amanti/amore +natura.. per gli amanti della natura, della quiete e

del riposo,

.. Se amate la natura, una vacanza tranquilla all'aria aperta

.. per sportivi e appassionati della natura. Basti pensare alla vicinanza di

.. Per chi ama la semplicità e la natura, questo è il luogo

.. l'amore per lo sport e la natura ed un relax

di classe

Page 8: Nature and Natura in the language of tourism: between culture and usage in English and Italian Elena Manca University of Lecce Foggia 20th May 2005

(5) ‘bellezza’+ natura

.. per chi cerca le bellezze di una natura ancora incontaminata,

.. la bellezza e la grandezza della natura, riscoprendo la gioia di vivere.

.. gli stupendi paesaggi di una natura incontaminata

.. il fascino inconfondibile della natura incontaminata.

Page 9: Nature and Natura in the language of tourism: between culture and usage in English and Italian Elena Manca University of Lecce Foggia 20th May 2005

(6) suoni/silenzio + natura(7) pace + natura

.. vita è ancora scandita dai ritmi della natura.

.. Immerso nei colori e nei suoni della natura in un paesaggio incantevole

.. il silenzio che domina la natura circostante sarà sicuramente

.. circondati dalla pace di una natura che invita alla riflessione

Page 10: Nature and Natura in the language of tourism: between culture and usage in English and Italian Elena Manca University of Lecce Foggia 20th May 2005

natura: collocational profilenatura (1) incontaminata/intattanatura (2) circostantenatura (3) a contatto/simbiosi/immersa

natura (4) amanti/amorenatura (5) bellezze/fascinonatura (6) suoni/ritmi/silenzionatura (7) pace (Step 1)

Page 11: Nature and Natura in the language of tourism: between culture and usage in English and Italian Elena Manca University of Lecce Foggia 20th May 2005

(1) nature + reserve/trail

.. Walking, Nature trail, Visitor Centre,

.. Commission have way-marked nature trails and forest walks.

.. a garden nursery and nature reserve, a pub/restaurant called

.. beaches, cliff walks and nature reserves. In the spring

Page 12: Nature and Natura in the language of tourism: between culture and usage in English and Italian Elena Manca University of Lecce Foggia 20th May 2005

Nature + lover/s

.. on our land, ideal for nature lovers. Spring time and Autumn

.. if you are a nature lover you can take

Page 13: Nature and Natura in the language of tourism: between culture and usage in English and Italian Elena Manca University of Lecce Foggia 20th May 2005

nature: collocational profile

nature (1) reserve/trail

nature (2) lover/s

Page 14: Nature and Natura in the language of tourism: between culture and usage in English and Italian Elena Manca University of Lecce Foggia 20th May 2005

natura nature

incontaminata/intatta n.a.

circostante n.a

contatto/simbiosi/immersa n.a

amanti/amore lover/s

bellezza/fascino n.a

suoni/silenzio/pace n.a

n.a. trail/reserve

Page 15: Nature and Natura in the language of tourism: between culture and usage in English and Italian Elena Manca University of Lecce Foggia 20th May 2005

From collocate to collocateincontaminata/intatta uncontaminated/intact

unspoiled/unspoilt

circostante surrounding

contatto/simbiosi contact/symbiosis

sintonia/immersa/ agreement/plunged

immersione/tuffo immersion/dive

(Step 2)

Page 16: Nature and Natura in the language of tourism: between culture and usage in English and Italian Elena Manca University of Lecce Foggia 20th May 2005

From collocate to function (1)unspoilt + countryside/land/area/location

.. family reunions. Wonderful unspoilt countryside

.. and walks across 1000 acres of unspoilt land.

.. the only building in this unspoilt location.

.. very fortunate to live in a totally unspoiled area

Page 17: Nature and Natura in the language of tourism: between culture and usage in English and Italian Elena Manca University of Lecce Foggia 20th May 2005

From collocate to function (2)surrounding+countryside/area/fields/hills

.. on the Farm, the surrounding area, and details of what we

.. the edge of Eastwell Park, the surrounding countryside offers beautiful

.. In the surrounding countryside there are limestone

.. again has a balcony overlooking the surrounding fields.

.. and cattle, it has surrounding garden and lawns

.. good views of the River Dee and surrounding hills.

Page 18: Nature and Natura in the language of tourism: between culture and usage in English and Italian Elena Manca University of Lecce Foggia 20th May 2005

(1) countryside + unspoiled

.. outstanding views of unspoilt countryside

.. Wonderful unspoilt countryside: Lakes, rivers, streams

.. most beautiful unspoiled countryside Ireland has to offer.

Page 19: Nature and Natura in the language of tourism: between culture and usage in English and Italian Elena Manca University of Lecce Foggia 20th May 2005

(2) countryside + surrounding

.. It offers excellent views to the surrounding countryside and

.. In the surrounding countryside there are limestone

Page 20: Nature and Natura in the language of tourism: between culture and usage in English and Italian Elena Manca University of Lecce Foggia 20th May 2005

(3) countryside + ‘beauty’

.. beautiful and peaceful Pembrokeshire countryside”

.. Enjoy the beauty of the Welsh countryside at our

.. and stunning views of the English countryside. You can walk

.. picturesque Tarka the Otter countryside by bicycle.

.. exploration of the lovely Devon countryside and shoreline,

Page 21: Nature and Natura in the language of tourism: between culture and usage in English and Italian Elena Manca University of Lecce Foggia 20th May 2005

(4) countryside + peace(5) countryside + sounds

.. seek the peace and quiet of the countryside.

.. the peace and tranquility of the countryside.

.. wake up to the sounds of the countryside, and enjoy the flavours of

Page 22: Nature and Natura in the language of tourism: between culture and usage in English and Italian Elena Manca University of Lecce Foggia 20th May 2005

(6) Countryside + set/situated.. from the sea, set in gently hilly countryside, near

the world

.. holidays. Set in the delightful countryside within the North

.. conveniently situated in the quiet countryside near to the

.. 300 years. Situated in pleasant countryside just off the M5

Page 23: Nature and Natura in the language of tourism: between culture and usage in English and Italian Elena Manca University of Lecce Foggia 20th May 2005

natura countryside

Incontaminata/intatta unspoiled/unspoilt

Circostante surrounding

Contatto/simbiosi

sintonia/immersione set/situated

immersa/tuffo

‘Bellezza’ ‘beauty’

Suoni/silenzio/pace sounds/peace

Page 24: Nature and Natura in the language of tourism: between culture and usage in English and Italian Elena Manca University of Lecce Foggia 20th May 2005

Conclusions

At word level non-equivalenceNature = natura

The intercollocation of collocates natura + incontaminata - circostante

Collocates: unspoilt - surrounding

countryside

Collocational level functional equivalence