NATURAL GAS VEHICLE R&D EFFORTS AT ARGONNE

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Doug Longman

NGVAmerica Annual MeetingOctober 28, 2019

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ANL supports DOE in analyzing NGV opportunities & barriers

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Systems assessment is conducted to examine impacts of R&D successes on cost, energy, and environmental performance

ANL’s systems assessment can address:

– Petroleum reduction considering NG engine efficiency improvements

– NG supply chain and vehicle CH4 leakage on WTW GHGs of NGVs

– Air pollutant effects of ultra-low NOx standards and other emission requirements

– Levelized Cost Of Driving of NGVs vs. GVs/DVs by considering fuel costs,

infrastructure costs and vehicle costs

– NG storage and delivery costs with new system designs (leveraged from efforts for

Fuel Cell Technology Office)

ANL’s modeling capability, including GREET, AFLEET and HDSAM, provide consistent

platforms to examine these issues

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Near-dock(avg 7 mph)

Local(9 mph)

UDDS(19 mph)

Regional(22 mph)

Transient(15 mph)

UDDS(19 mph)

FTP(19 mph)

MOVESnat'l run(58 mph)

Duty-Cycle(Carder 2014; Johnson 2016)

Duty-Cycle(Sandhu 2017)

Tailp

ipe

NO

x (g

/mi)

EPA 2010 Compliant Freight Trucks

Diesel LNG, current NG engine LNG, near-zero NG engine

EPA 2010 NOx

emission standard

Predictive NG Engine Simulations enabled by High Performance Computing & X-ray Validation

First ever demonstration of engine simulations on

Supercomputers (Mira)

High-pressure gaseous fuel injection comprehensively studied for

a range of fuels (CNG, H2), injector geometries (inward/outward

opening) and injection pressure values (10-150 bar)

Quantitative validation of CFD results against X-ray radiography

from Argonne’s Advanced Photon Source

High-fidelity simulations of fuel injection and mixing processes at

engine-like conditions

State-of-the-art energy deposition to capture source/flow

interactions

High-fidelity plasma simulations to investigate plasma

properties and impact on ignition processes

High-fidelity simulation of pre-chamber ignition and

combustion processes in MD/HD NG engines

Large Clusters

SupercomputersNext Generation

Exascale Machines

ANL experimental engine research team is part of a several high-efficiency NG engine projects

Extending the lean/dilute limit of

NG engines to provide diesel-like

efficiency with low cost

aftertreatment

X-rays at the Advanced Photon

Source characterize shock waves

in gas jets for DI fuel injection.

Working on multiple projects using

ignition systems to enable highly

efficient lean concepts

– Pre-chamber (DOE)

– Low Temperature Plasma

(DOE & CEC)

– Laser (DOE) 5

Natural gas for rail

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2-cycle EMD 710

Engine, 11.6 L

Two single cylinder research engines installed at Argonne

Engine Performance, Emissions, Combustion & Fuel Injection Systems

Diesel and Dual fuel (Diesel/CNG)

Aftertreatment research

Modeling of sizing onboard energy storage help minimize the cost, weight penalties, and storage opportunities/needs for CNGVs

Prior work

– Build baseline models for trucks

– Develop sizing process

– H2 storage tank truck analysis

Questions to be answered:

– How much CNG storage is needed?

– How is cargo space & performance

impacted?

– Should CNG engine be resized to

match diesel performance?

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Low cost, durable, high porosity adsorbents offer low pressure storage opportunity

ANL has been developing Porous

Oorganic Polymers & Metal Organic

Frameworks for gas storage since 2006

with DOE supports and university

collaboration

ANL’s low-cost ZIF-derived carbon

adsorbent for NG storage

Contorted

Node

Molecular

Strut

+

POP

POP synthesis thru selection of organic linker & polymerization chemistry

Better refueling designs and strategies

ANL developed H2 refueling strategy that reduced equipment cost by 25%

Also developed computational models to develop and evaluate H2 fueling

protocols, including:

– Pressure ramp rate for fast fills

– Determine precooling requirement

These results and capability can be applied to lower cost of NG refueling

THANK-YOU!