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SWST 2014 International Convention, Zvolen1
NATURAL BIO-POLYMERS, BIO-BASED,
SUSTAINABLE BIOMATERIALS AND
GREEN COMPOSITES
DO WE STILL NEED WOOD?
Rupert Wimmer
Institute for Natural Materials Technology, IFA Tulln
Universitaet fuer Bodenkultur Vienna (BOKU), Austria
SWST Zvolen 2014 - Supply Chain of Renewable Resources
SWST 2014 International Convention, Zvolenwww.chrisjordan.com/current_set2.php
every 5 seconds….60,000 plastic bags (US)
Climate Change
Energy
Sustainability
Renewability
SWST 2014 International Convention, Zvolen
Worldwide raw-material consumption
Polymers 280 mio tons p.a.
Steel 1.6 billion tons p.a.
Renewable raw materials (incl. wood) 2 billion tons p.a.
© T. Hirth, 2014
SWST 2014 International Convention, Zvolen
Worldwide biomass production and consumption
Wood.. worlds most utilized biomass source
More biomass needs to be utilized, to replace „oil“
SWST 2014 International Convention, Zvolen
Bio-based monomers and polymers from renewable
resources (selected)
SWST 2014 International Convention, Zvolen
Rapid – recent development: Increased speed of
BBM innovations
• Revolution in genome sequencing
& gene synthesis
• Progress in bioinformatics &
automation
Improved understanding of metabolic pathways for new (bio)technology
© A. Künkel, BASF, 2014
SWST 2014 International Convention, Zvolen
Renewable building-block development in 2006
© A. Künkel, BASF, 2014
SWST 2014 International Convention, Zvolen
Renewable building-block development in 2014
© A. Künkel, BASF, 2014
Many bio-based developments have reached production scale !
SWST 2014 International Convention, Zvolen
Example: Succinic acid fermentation technology for
new biopolymers
© A. Künkel, BASF, 2014
Wood will be the major source!!
SWST 2014 International Convention, Zvolen
Trends in „Bio-based polymers “
cited publications cited patents
2013
Most of it is in fact „wood science“….
Increasingly „invisible“
SWST 2014 International Convention, Zvolen
Rebranding is a marketing strategy in which
a new name, term, symbol, design, or
combination thereof is created for an
established brand with the intention of
developing a new, differentiated identity in
the minds …
…. need for rebranding „wood“?
SWST 2014 International Convention, Zvolen
Biomaterials" is used to describe any organic materials
that are extracted from ecosystems, including but not
limited to, wood, mushrooms, edible berries, and plant
sap in terrestrial ecosystems and algae in aquatic
ecosystems
Terry Sharik
Dean, School of Forest Resources &
Environmental Science, Michigan Tech
… not limited to wood
SWST 2014 International Convention, Zvolen
The European bio-based industries initiative
Reinforce innovation and extend current infrastructure across the economy
Built and strengthen value chains across industry sectors
Realise a connected bio-based economy from field to end consumer
SWST 2014 International Convention, Zvolen
Raw materials, processes and products
© T. Hirth, 2014
mostly wood
SWST 2014 International Convention, Zvolen
Biorefinery – raw materials,
processes and products
© T. Hirth, 2014
mostly wood
SWST 2014 International Convention, Zvolen
Will there be enough wood ? Availability, consumption and difference for woody biomass in 2020
(Source: Mantau 2007, Schwarzbauer)
Germany
Finland
France
Austria
Poland
Rumania
Sweden
Slowakia
Czech Rep
Selected EU/EFTA countries
SWST 2014 International Convention, Zvolen
Annual growth in woody stock vs. harvest
Switzerland Austria Finland Sweden EU-15
Enough wood ?
SWST 2014 International Convention, Zvolen28
Waste raw materials
• Beverage Cardboards
• Cardboard
• Kraft paper
• Leaflet paper
• Poster paper
• Wallpaper
• Yoghurt Beaker
• Laminated paper
• De-Inking paper sludge
SWST 2014 International Convention, Zvolen
Beverage Cardboards
Erfasst
zur
stofflic
hen
Verwer
tung
Erfasst
zur
thermisc
hen
Verwertu
ng
and EVOH: Ethylen-Vinylalkohol-Copolymer
PE 25%
In Germany:
2009: 210.000 t produced, 125.000 t re-cycled, 2.5 kg/a capita
60% recycled;
Cellulose fibres (75%) are extracted and re-used
Sig combibloc
Elopak
Italpak
Tetrapak
SWST 2014 International Convention, Zvolen
Wood
Natural
Lignin & resin in the matrix
Paper
Chemical treated
Nearly no lignin and resin
PPC: the more durable WPC type
thermal instable
brittleness by resin
silicate causes abrasion
higher processing temperature
flexible adjustment of properties
higher lifetime at processing units
greying UV - stable
SWST 2014 International Convention, Zvolen
from laminated paper waste…to innovative products
New material:
Paper-Plastic-Composite (PPC)
SWST 2014 International Convention, Zvolen
z.B. TetraPak SammlungDeckings Fair in Milano
Research project 2005 - 2009
UPM-Kymmene Cooperation, FI
Product now successfully on the market: UPM ProFi Deck
SWST 2014 International Convention, Zvolen
De-Inking Paper Sludge Extruded Products
~ 70 % inorganic
~25% cellulose
From sludge waste ‚
to value materials
Developing resource-efficient materials
SWST 2014 International Convention, Zvolen
Mechanical properties – DPS – Wood Composites
extruded Wood – DeInking Paper Sludge (DPS) –
polypropylene (30%) composites.
Wood/DPS
35%/35%
Wood / DPS
0%/70%
MOR [MPa] 52 56
MOE [MPa] 7511 6648
IBS [kJ/m2] 4,7 3,6
SWST 2014 International Convention, Zvolen
How is innovation happening?
Starting point for each
innovation is either a
technology push or an
existing market pull.
Dr. Dolittle‘s
Push and Pull
Product innovation
New productMarket demand
Technological
potential
SWST 2014 International Convention, Zvolen
Wood is THE material for new bio-based,
sustainable and green material solutions….
…. no limitation to wood !
Innovation opportunities have expanded
Re-branding is a consequence
We need a lot of wood !
Finally….