Natural and Technological Hazards

7/29/2019 Natural and Technological Hazards

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NATURAL AND TECHNOLOGICAL HAZARDS

RELATED TO EXTREME CLIMATIC EVENTS

IN ROMANIA

CLIMATE CHANGE IN SOUTH-EASTERN EUROPEAN COUNTRIES.CAUSES, IMPACTS, SOLUTIONS

GRAZ, AUSTRIAMarch, 26-27, 2007

Dan BALTEANU

Mihaela SIMA

Viorel CHENDES


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STRUCTURE

Climate change in Romania NATECH in the Tisza-Danube basin and

Ocnele Mari salt mining failure

Flash floods, debris flows and landslides inthe Carpathians

2005 floods in the Romanian Danube

basin 2006, the highest flood in the recorded

history of Danube


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GENERAL MAP OF ROMANIA


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Main hazards in Romania

Natural: Landslides, mudflows and falls Debris flows

Avalanches Sheet and gully erosion Flush floods Floods

Complex: Earthquake induced hazards (landslides, falls,reactivated faults)

Natech (Natural Triggering Technological Hazards)


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NATURAL HAZARDS


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Romania annual mean temperature evolution trends during the XX-th century

INMH, 2004

CLIMATE CHANGE IN ROMANIA


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The flow water (daily mean discharge)

and the precipitation variations at

Tinoasa (2002)

Mi, Mtrea, 2004


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5000

6000

7000

8000

9000

10000

11000

12000

13000

14000

15000

16000

1840 1860 1880 1900 1920 1940 1960 1980 2000

Timp (ani)

Debit(mc/s)

The yearly maximum discharges variation at Bazias on the Danube

Trendline for the period 1840-2006


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11/46

Source: Ministry of Waters and Environmental Protection, 2002


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The lowest Danube level in the last 160 years

Zimnicea, 30 august 2003

Foto: Jeni Drgoi


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1. NATECH

(Natural hazard triggering technological disasters)

in the Tisza-Danube basin


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Two tailings dam failures in Maramures county

resulted in the release of 200 000 m of contaminated

water and 40 000 tonnes of tailings into tributaries of

the Tisa River, a major tributary of the Danube.

Following these accidents,Institute of Geography in

collaboration with the University of Wales, UKinitiated a research programme in northwest Romania

to establish metal levels in rivers affected by the

present and historic mining activities.

BAIA MARE - TECHNOLOGICAL ACCIDENT AND

TRANSBOUNDARY POLLUTION

JANUARY AND MARCH 2000


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2000-2003

> 1000 SAMPLES,

300 SITES


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2001

33 sites

828 km


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Zn

Bioavailable < target

Bioavailable > intervention

Bioavailable > target


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Salt brine flow Ocnele Mari(September, 2001)

12.09.2001, 12.20 hours. First signals: salt brine flows and increased pressurein wells20.00 hours. Massive salt brine expulsion at well S37720.45 hours. Strong noise from the underground caused by thefall of some portions of cave ceiling.

13.09.2001, 1.40 hours. Salt brine flow flooding DJ 650 over an area of 30 m.2.30 hours. Collapse of well S377 and of first house. Electricenergy supply was cut.3.00 hours. Increase of Srat Brooke level by some 2 m.Water flow-rate kept decreasing, the next saltbrine expulsionwould alternate with periods of quiet caused by landsliding into

the emerged crater and the salt brine lake.12.00 hours. Second house collapsed

14.09.2001 The third house failing 15.09.2001 A fresh massive dislocation occured in the crater formed around

wellS277, increasing the expelled salt brine flow.


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Ocnele Mari, July 2004


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Ocnele Mari, July 2004


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2. Flash floods, debris flows andlandslides in the Carpathians


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Flash floods

Nehoiu, Buzu Subcarpathians, July, 28, 2004


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Flush flood

Nehoiu, Buzu Subcarpathians, July, 28, 2004

28 July, 7.00 10.00 a.m.: heavy rainfalls, amounts between20 i 52 l/sq.m, caused flush floods

6 affected settlements

Damages in Valea Nehoiului locality: 300 isolated households 5 damaged cars

200 m affected railway 3 distroyed bridges i 13 wood bridges


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Nehoiu, August 2004


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Nehoiu, August 2004


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1972 2003

CUCULETI MUDFLOW BUZU SUBCARPATHIANS

MASS MOVEMENTS IN THE CARPATHIAN MOUNTAINS


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CUCULETI MUDFLOW BUZU SUBCARPATHIANS

2003


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Landslides in the Eastern

Carpathians Seismic region

Vrancea


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3. 2005 FLOODS IN THE ROMANIAN

DANUBE BASIN


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Iza

Lapus

Barcau

Crasna

Cerna

Gilo

rt

Motru

Desnatui

Prahova

Teleaje

n

Rm.Sarat

Suce

ava

LespeziBahlui

Ciucea

Oradea

Cluj

Turda

Band

Satu Mare

Bistra

Nepos

Bistrita

Itcani

Brodina

G. Humorului

SiretDorohoi

Radauti Prut

Frumosu

Tupilati

SarateniGoioasa

Tg. Ocna

Dragesti

Victoria

Ungheni

Drangeni

Iasi

Negresti

Barlad

Oancea

Tataru

Racovita

Casimcea

Adancata

Budesti

Calugareni

Teleorman

Buzesti

Podari

Gruia

Cetate

Calafat

Bechet CorabiaTr. Magurele

Zimnicea

Giurgiu

Oltenita

Calarasi

Fetesti

Harsova

Braila

Galati

Isaccea

Tulcea

Cernavoda

Toplet

Salard

Domanesti

Lapusel

Vadu Izei

Dej

Glodeni

Tarnaveni

Medias

Sebes

Cornet

Rupea Gara

Hoghiz

M. Domneasca

Sancraieni

BlajMures

Mur

es

Branisca

Talmaciu

VoineasaIscroni

Feldioara

NehoiuTesila

Reci

BotarlauLungoci

Bahna Rusului

Malureni

Mioveni

PoianaTapului

Turburea

Filiasi

Malucu

FloriCosereni

Fata Motrului

Bals

Malu Spart

Lunguletu

Alexandria

Gataia

Moravita

Partos

Varadia

Dalboset

Bazias

Lugoj

Voislova

FagetBalintChizatau

Arad

BeregsauPischia

Radna

Gurahont

Chisineu Cris

Tinca Holod

Talpos

Zerind

MihaltS

iret B

arl

ad

Tur

Somes

Aries

Some

sulMar

e

Som

esul

Mic

TarnavaM

ica

TarnavaMare

Viseu

CrisulRepede

CrisulNegru

Holod

CrisulAlb

BegaBegaV

eche

Nera

Jiu

Oltet

Vedea

Te

leorman A

rges

Neajlov

Buzau

Calmatui

Putna

Trotus

Hom

orod

RaulNe

gru

Mo

ldova

BaseuJijia

Bistrita

Dam

bovita

Barzava

Caras

Morav

ita Timis

Pogonis

Bistra

St r

ei

TurulungNegresti

Pru

t

Dunarea

Olt

Olt

Cibin

Lotru

Iza

Lapus

Barcau

Crasna

Cerna

Gilo

rt

Motru

Desnatui

Prahova

Teleaje

n

Rm.Sarat

Suce

ava

LespeziBahlui

Ciucea

Oradea

Cluj

Turda

Band

Satu Mare

Bistra

Nepos

Bistrita

Itcani

Brodina

G. Humorului

SiretDorohoi

Radauti Prut

Frumosu

Tupilati

SarateniGoioasa

Tg. Ocna

Dragesti

Victoria

Ungheni

Drangeni

Iasi

Negresti

Barlad

Oancea

Tataru

Racovita

Casimcea

Adancata

Budesti

Calugareni

Teleorman

Buzesti

Podari

Gruia

Cetate

Calafat


Zimnicea

Giurgiu

Oltenita

Calarasi

Fetesti

Harsova

Braila

Galati

Isaccea

Tulcea

Cernavoda

Toplet

Salard

Domanesti

Lapusel

Vadu Izei

Dej

Glodeni

Tarnaveni

Medias

Sebes

Cornet

Rupea Gara

Hoghiz

M. Domneasca

Sancraieni

BlajMures

Mur

es

Branisca

Talmaciu

VoineasaIscroni

Feldioara

NehoiuTesila

Reci

BotarlauLungoci

Bahna Rusului

Malureni

Mioveni

PoianaTapului

Turburea

Filiasi

Malucu

FloriCosereni

Fata Motrului

Bals

Malu Spart

Lunguletu

Alexandria

Gataia

Moravita

Partos

Varadia

Dalboset

Bazias

Lugoj

Voislova

FagetBalintChizatau

Arad

BeregsauPischia

Radna

Gurahont

Chisineu Cris

Tinca Holod

Talpos

Zerind

MihaltS

iret B

arl

ad

Tur

Somes

Aries

Some

sulMar

e

Som

esul

Mic

TarnavaM

ica

TarnavaMare

Viseu

CrisulRepede

CrisulNegru

Holod

CrisulAlb

BegaBegaV

eche

Nera

Jiu

Olte

t

Vedea

Te

leorman A

rges

Neajlov

Buzau

Calmatui

Putna

Trotus

Hom

orod

RaulNe

gru

Moldova

BaseuJijia

Bistrita

Dambo

vita

Barzava

Caras

Morav

ita Timis

Pogonis

Bistra

Str

ei

TurulungNegresti

Prut

Dunarea

Olt

Olt

Cibin

Lotru

APRIL

MARCH

MAY

Consequences:

-7 casualties;

- 5000 evacuated

people;

-4000 affected

houses;

-100 000 ha

agricultural land;

-500 bridges and

small bridges;

-17 km national roads

and 52 km county

roads

Six catastrophic flood events were recorded in 2005


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Iza

Lapus

Barcau

Crasna

Cerna

Gilo

rt

Motru

Desnatui

Prahova

Teleaje

n

Rm.Sarat

Suceava

Lespezi

Bahlui

Ciucea

Oradea

Cluj

Turda

Band

Satu Mare

Bistra

Nepos

Bistrita

Itcani

Brodina

G. Humorului

SiretDorohoi

Radauti Prut

Frumosu

Tupilati

SarateniGoioasa

Tg. Ocna

Dragesti

Victoria

Ungheni

Drangeni

Iasi

Negresti

Barlad

Oancea

Tataru

Racovita

Casimcea

Adancata

Budesti

Calugareni

Teleorman

Buzesti

Podari

Gruia

Cetate

Calafat


Zimnicea

Giurgiu

Oltenita

Calarasi

Fetesti

Harsova

Braila

Galati

Isaccea

Tulcea

Cernavoda

Toplet

Salard

Domanesti

Lapusel

Vadu Izei

Dej

Glodeni

Tarnaveni

Medias

Sebes

Cornet

Rupea Gara

Hoghiz

M. Domneasca

Sancraieni

BlajMures

Mur

es

Branisca

Talmaciu

VoineasaIscroni

Feldioara

NehoiuTesila

Reci

BotarlauLungoci

Bahna Rusului

Malureni

Mioveni

PoianaTapului

Turburea

Filiasi

Malucu

FloriCosereni

Fata Motrului

Bals

Malu Spart

Lunguletu

Alexandria

Gataia

Moravita

Partos

Varadia

Dalboset

Bazias

Lugoj

Voislova

FagetBalint

Chizatau

Arad

Beregsau Pischia

Radna

Gurahont

Chisineu Cris

Tinca Holod

Talpos

Zerind

MihaltS

iret B

arl

ad

Tur

Somes

Aries

Some

sulMare

Som

esulMic

Tarnava

Mica

TarnavaMa

re

Viseu

CrisulRepede

CrisulNegru

Holod

CrisulAlb

BegaBega

Veche

Nera

Jiu

Oltet

Vedea

Teleo

rman A

rges

Neajlov

Buzau

Calmatui

Putna

Trotus

Hom

orod

RaulN

egru

M

oldova

BaseuJijia

Bistrita

Dam

bovita

Barzava

Caras

Morav

ita Timis

Pogonis

Bistra

Str

ei

TurulungNegresti

Pru

t

Dunarea

Olt

Olt

Cibin

Lotru

Iza

Lapus

Barcau

Crasna

Cerna

Gilo

rt

Motru

Desnatui

Prahova

Teleaje

n

Rm.Sarat

Suc

eava

Lespezi

Bahlui

Ciucea

Oradea

Cluj

Turda

Band

Satu Mare

Bistra

Nepos

Bistrita

Itcani

Brodina

G. Humorului

SiretDorohoi

Radauti Prut

Frumosu

Tupilati

SarateniGoioasa

Tg. Ocna

Dragesti

Victoria

Ungheni

Drangeni

Iasi

Negresti

Barlad

Oancea

Tataru

Racovita

Casimcea

Adancata

Budesti

Calugareni

Teleorman

Buzesti

Podari

Gruia

Cetate

Calafat


Zimnicea

Giurgiu

Oltenita

Calarasi

Fetesti

Harsova

Braila

Galati

Isaccea

Tulcea

Cernavoda

Toplet

Salard

Domanesti

Lapusel

Vadu Izei

Dej

Glodeni

Tarnaveni

Medias

Sebes

Cornet

Rupea Gara

Hoghiz

M. Domneasca

Sancraieni

BlajMures

Mur

es

Branisca

Talmaciu

VoineasaIscroni

Feldioara

NehoiuTesila

Reci

BotarlauLungoci

Bahna Rusului

Malureni

Mioveni

PoianaTapului

Turburea

Filiasi

Malucu

FloriCosereni

Fata Motrului

Bals

Malu Spart

Lunguletu

Alexandria

Gataia

Moravita

Partos

Varadia

Dalboset

Bazias

Lugoj

Voislova

FagetBalint

Chizatau

Arad

Beregsau Pischia

Radna

Gurahont

Chisineu Cris

Tinca Holod

Talpos

Zerind

MihaltS

iret B

arl

ad

Tur

Somes

Aries

Some

sulMare

Som

esulMic

Tarnava

Mica

TarnavaMa

re

Viseu

CrisulRepede

CrisulNegru

Holod

CrisulAlb

BegaBegaV

eche

Nera

Jiu

Olte

t

Vedea

Teleo

rman A

rges

Neajlov

Buzau

Calmatui

Putna

Trotus

Hom

orod

RaulN

egru

M

oldova

BaseuJijia

Bistrita

Dambovita

Barzava

Caras

Morav

ita Timis

Pogonis

Bistra

Stre

i

TurulungNegresti

Prut

Dunarea

Olt

Olt

Cibin

Lotru

JULY

JUNE

AUGUST


33/46

1,707.25,975,201TOTAL

0.51,760Dead animals

3.712,78290394 fountains42.3147,9461063 social-economic units

209.8734,240656392 ha agricultural land

186.5652,76493976 houses and annexes

18.564,710other damages (land slides)

23.883,407sewerage networks

9.232,262gas pipes

19.969,824electrical networks

6.723,429water supply network

314.41,100,572630 hydrotechnical units

131.8461,2879113 small and large bridges

50.8177,71623,8 km railroad

17.561,2502644,9 km of forest roads

45.2158,3292465,84 km of streets

355.51,244,3989860,63 km of county and commune road

271.0948526.4560,4 km of national road

LOSS (MILLION EURO)LOSS (1000 RON)ITEM

Reported Flood losses for 2005 floods in Romania


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TIMIS County,

1859, 1912, 2000, 2005 floods


35/46

Source: Timis Online


36/46

Source: Timis Online


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3. 2006, THE HIGHEST FLOOD IN THE

RECORDED HISTORY OF DANUBE


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2006 DANUBE FLOODS

April-May 2006 flood, the highest in therecorded history with re-constructedmaximum discharge of17,700 m3/sec.

Damages: 15,000 persons evacuated,over 30 affected localities


39/46

The breaches into the dikes along the Danube River during April-May flood


40/46

HYDRO-METEOROLOGICAL CONDITIONS

Winter 2005-2006: 1-4 m thick snow coverin the Alps and in the Carpathians

Sudden snowmelt in March and April 2005and rainfall superposed over the snowmelt

Maximum, simultaneous discharges of themain tributaries

Comparison of April 2006 flood


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Comparison of April 2006 flood

with other floods

+3438435 / 1970Tulcea

+60699639 / 1970Brila

+37764727 / 1970Hrova

+28736708 / 1970Cernavod

+34737703 / 1970Clrai

+37809772 / 1970Oltenita

+27822795 / 1970Giurgiu

+45801756 / 1970Corabia

+58845787 / 1981Bechet

+59861802 / 1981Calafat

+37899862 / 1981Gruia

The difference between 2006

level and 1970/1981-maximum

level (cm)

Level

recorded

in 2006

Level

recorded

before 2006

Cross-section

The comparison between the maximum levels in some cross-sections on theDanube River recorded during April-May 2006-flood and the highest levels

recoded after the Danube embankment

Romanian Waters, 2006


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Crna mai 2006


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Nedeia mai 2006


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Documents

Natural and Technological Hazards