Natural and Cultural Characteristics of an

Environment that make it vulnerable to E.N.E

BRAINSTORM

Natural:On the map it is evident that Christchurch is among the lower ground-shaking hazard areas.

These predictions were based on the distribution of active faults, how frequently faults have moved in the past, and the location of historic earthquakes. 

This illustrates that even lower-hazard areas are vulnerable – as previous ruptures on the Greendale Fault do not seem to have occurred in the last 2,000 years.

• 1869, Christchurch, magnitude 5, ground shaking intensity 7–8

• 1870, Lake Ellesmere, magnitude 5.5, ground shaking intensity 6–7

• 1881, Castle Hill, magnitude 6.0, ground shaking intensity 5–6

• 1888, Hope Fault, North Canterbury, magnitude 7–7.3, ground • shaking intensity 5–7

• 1901, Cheviot, magnitude 6.9, ground shaking intensity 6

• 1922, Motunau, North Canterbury, magnitude 6.4, ground shaking intensity 6–7

• 1929, Arthur’s Pass, magnitude 7.01, ground shaking intensity 6

• 1929, Buller, magnitude 7.8, ground shaking intensity 5–6

• 1994, Arthur’s Pass, magnitude 6.7, ground shaking intensity 3–6

• 2010, Darfield, magnitude 7.1, ground shaking intensity 5

• 2011, Lyttelton, magnitude 6.3, ground shaking intensity 8.

NaturalLiquefaction Prone Areas…

http://cera.govt.nz/news/2011/video-dr-jan-kupec-cera-chief-geotechnical-engineer-

explains-liquefaction

Cultural

Age of Buildings• Built in second half of the

19th century • February 22nd Earthquake,

destroyed the spire and part of the tower – and severely damaged the structure of the remaining building.

• The cathedral had been damaged previously by earthquakes in 1881, 1888, 1901 and 2010.

Historic City

• Settled in 1848

• Many of the city's Gothic Revival buildings date back to 1856

• Built from local materials (Stone)

• More than half of the listed heritage

buildings within Christchurch (more than

250) were in the Central City, along with a

large number of the city’s older buildings.

• As at 4 August 2011, about

80 listed heritage buildings have been

demolished within the Central City.

RED Zone Map:

http://file.stuff.co.nz/thepress/quakeland/

Group Task- Creating the perfect essay about the Canterbury Earthquakes

Group One: Introduction to Canterbury Earthquakes and 1 Diagram

Group Two: Natural Processes of CHCH Earthquake

Group Three: Christchurch Earthquake Impacts (Natural, Cultural, People)

Group Four: Human and Group’s Response

Group Five: Conclusion and 1 Diagram

How to write an effective paragraph

• When writing an essay or answering an NCEA question you will use paragraphs.

• A good paragraph is STRUCTURED- it will contain a central idea, with the elaboration or explanation and examples.