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What do you know about Native People in Canada? Write/draw this on your worksheet in the box at the top of page 1.
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Native People in Canada
This lesson is about Native People in Canada. Native PeopleinCanada
What do you know about Native People in Canada?
Write/draw this on your worksheet in the box at the top of page 1.
Canada Later we will talk more about Aboriginal People and then
well see if your knowledge was right. First I want you to do
something else. Canada Nederland Here you can see where Canada
is.
Everybody gets a part of Canada and together we have to lay down
this map in the right way. For this activity we need the tiled map
you can find via the link on the slide. Print out the map. Tiled
map: All the things you know about Native people will be partly
true
All the things you know about Native people will be partly true.
Now I want to show you a bit more about Native People in Canada.
The ancestors of all North American First Nations people probably
crossed over on foot to North America from Asia at the end of the
last ice age, about 12,000 years ago. - arctic Quebeck/Labrador
Mikmaq New Foundland/ Saskatchewan
2. Assiniboine -Manitoba/ 3. Innu - arctic Quebeck/Labrador Mikmaq
New Foundland/ Saskatchewan 4. Tinglit West Coast Here you can see
different Peoples: The Mikmaq come from New Foundland and
Saskatchewan. The Assiniboine come from Manitoba. The Innu come
from Quebeck and Labrador. We call Innu Eskimos, but that is a
wrong word. And this lady looks quite different than we are used to
in our typical images, isnt it? Then you see the Tinglitand the
Haida from the Westcoast. And as last you can see a Cree man. They
come from Alberta and Quebeck. As you can see here The Assiniboine
and the Cree are the only Peoples who look like our old typical
images of Indians, which is also a wrong word. If you are in class:
Divide the class in 6 groups. Every group takes a People and looks
up on the map where they come from. Show this to your class when
everybody is done. 5. Haida West Coast 6. Cree Alberta - Quebeck
Aboriginal Peoples How many are there? 0-10 10-25 25-50 left
middle
right How many different Aboriginal Peoples live in Canada? If you
are in a class: go to the left side of the classroom if you think
there are 0 to 10 Aboriginal Peoples. Stand in the middle of the
classroom if you think there are 10 to 25 And go to right side if
you think there are 25 to 50 Aboriginal Peoples. The answer is
about 50. Indians Eskimos Indians Eskimos
We used to talk about Indians and Eskimos. But these are wrong
words and are felt as insulting words. Indians Eskimos Aboriginal /
Native people
First Nations Mtis Inuit So if we talk about The Peoples who lived
as first in Canada, we talk about Aboriginal or Native People. That
is the whole bump of it. You can divide this in First Nations,
which we called Indians before. The second group is the Inuit,
which we called Eskimo before. And the third group is the Mti,
which is French for mixed. These people are children of mixed
marriages between First Nations and European settlers. On which
continent is Canada situated? a. Europe b. Africa c. Asia
Questions: On which continent is Canada situated? a.Europe b.Africa
c.Asia d.North America How did the first people travel to Canada?
a.By boat b.on foot c.by horse c.by plane Which word is wrong to
use: a. Native people b.First Nations c.Indians d. Inuit Here are
some questions about the tekst of the first 9 slides. Write the
answer on your worksheet. Cultural areas Inuit West Coast People
Subarctic People Plateau People
Plains People You can divide the nations roughly over these 7
areas. In each area live nations, sometimes rather peaceful, but
clashes and wars could take place as well. Most First Nations of
Canada lived mainly from hunting and fishing. They moved their
camps from season to season to specific places and areas where they
knew there would be food. In one season, they would hunt large
animals; in another they would fish; in the fall they would gather
berries, and so on. The only farming people were the Iroquois and
Hurons, and related tribes, in what is now southern Ontario.
Firstly we take a closer look at the Westcoast People. Secondly at
Eastern Woodland Farmers and lastly we take a look in Inuit Society
as it was in early days. Eastern Woodland Hunters Eastern Woodland
Farmers Westcoast People Tlingit Haida Salish
Here you see different West Coast Peoples: The Tlingit, The Salish
and the Haida. These people lived in permanent homes of
cedar.
Tribe or Clan symbols were painted on the front for decoration.
Also totem poles were placed in front of these homes to tell the
story of the tribe who lived there. Fish (Salmon,Halibut, Smelt)
Crab and other Shellfish Seaweed Whales
Clams, Oysters, Mussels Other animals (sea otters, seals, turtles)
Oils The people of the Northwest Coast were hunter-gatherers. The
Pacific Ocean was the main source of food for the people. Since
there was plenty of food available to them, they never needed to
develop a system of agriculture to sustain their people.
Black-tailed deer Elk Mountain goat Bear Shamans The people of the
Northwest believed that they were surrounded, at all times, by
supernatural beings interfering with the natural world. All living
things were connected to Spirits. The only link between the spirit
world and the natural world was the 'Shamans' Both men and women
could have been Shamans. It was a Shaman's job to cure the sick, to
ensure that there was adequate food, and to influence the weather
with the help of the Spirit World. Potlatch A 'Potlatch' is a
ceremony to celebrate a person's change in social status, for
example, marriage, birth, death, and coming of age. It included a
feast, singing and costumed dancers, and some potlatches lasted as
long as two to three weeks. Each person invited to a Potlatch
received gifts. Social structure The Northwest Coast people never
developed a democracy. Instead, their society was ruled by wealth.
The clan with most wealth had the most power. Their society
included different classes: nobles, commoners, and slaves (acquired
through War or purchase). The Chief of the most powerful family
also became the village Chief. Clan membership was always inherited
through the mother's side of the family. One thing that set the
Northwest Coast people apart from other First Peoples groups was
their recognized ownership of land and property. Families claimed
sites for fishing and gathering, and owned land. 14. Which words
dont fit in with Westcoast People?
Write them on your worksheet: a. wooden house b. tipi c. chief d.
potlach e. shaman f.slaves g. doctor h. ownership of land or houses
i. totempole j. democratic 14. Which words dont fit in with
Westcoast People? Write them on your worksheet: a. wooden house b.
tipi c. chief d. potlach e. shaman f.slaves g. doctor h. ownership
of land or houses i. totempole j. democratic Eastern Woodland
Farmers
Inuit West Coast People Subarctic People Lets see to another
people: The Iroquois or Eastern Woodland Farmers who live in this
area. Plateau People Plains People Eastern Woodland Hunters Eastern
Woodland Farmers Iroquois /rkw/ The Iroquois were divided by three
tribes: The Huron, the Neutral andthe Petun. This circle represents
Six Nations Iroquois: Tree of Peace/Life emblem with circle of
chiefs, and animal clan symbols of Oneida, Onondaga, Cayuga,
Seneca, Mohawk, and Tuscarora. They are the only Nations who are
farmers. Maybe you heard about Mohawks and Huron before. Now you
know that they belong to the Iroquois. The Crop fields were cleared
by slashing and burning the trees, after which they could grow the
three sisters: Corn, Bean and Squash. Women managed the fields and
stored food for later use. Besides their own crops they gathered
and ate also berries, wild tubers, barks, herbs, and sunflowers.
Tobacco was also harvested, but this was for smoking. Because they
did move their villages only once a twenty years, they were able to
use large grinding stones to grind corn into meal. Furthermore,
Maple syrup was tapped from trees and men fished and hunted water
animals, deer and other wood animals. Farming Longhouses Whenever
the soil got poor, the place got too dirty, or the fish and game
became scarce - everyone would move their village to a new place. A
village could have 20 to 200 longhouses. The longhouseswere homes
for extended families. Each female brought her husband and children
to live with her in the longhouse. The eldest women were the
masters of the longhouse. Inuit What do you know about Inuit? 5.
Where do they live? (area)
We are going on with our quizz. Write down the answer on your
sheet. What do you know about Inuit. Where do they live? Inuit
Arctic area Inuit West Coast People Subarctic People Plateau
The Inuit lived in the coldest area, including Northern Canada,
Alaska, Greenland, and Siberia. You can see on this map there are
many different Inuit peoples. Plateau People Plains People Inuit
Western Arctic/MacKenzie Inuit
The Inuit were the last native people to arrive in North America.
All the good land to the south was already occupied by hostile
Indians so they settled in the Arctic. Nobody else wanted it
because it was one of the most extreme climates in the world. But
the Inuit were masters at adapting over thousands of years. Western
Arctic/MacKenzie Inuit Inuit What do you know about Inuit? 5. Where
do they live?
6.What clothes do they wear? Here is the next quizz question: What
clothes do Inuit wear? Write your answer on your sheet. Kamleika
(jacket), made from sea mammal gut
Cloths Skin Clothing Come up to me,Come up to me.I will gladly sew
hoodsto your garments.I will gladly set fine solesto your kamiks.
Traditional song collected by Rasmussen, 1930 They usually wore
many layers of clothing as protection from the cold weather.
Clothing of the Inuit people was mostly made of animal skins and
furs, mostlyCaribou skin, but they also used other animal skins,
including dog, squirrel, marmot, fox, wolf, polar bear, bird skin,
feathers, and sealskin. They even used sea mammal intestines,
because they provided more resistance to water. Men and women both
wore layered trousers and outer coats called 'parkas'. Moreover
they wore mittens and boots. To make it complete, snow goggles,
made from caribou antlers, provided protection from the cold, but
more importantly protection from snow blindness. For the first
couple of years, the children stayed in the hood of their mother's
amauti. Inuit What do you know about Inuit? 5. Where do they
live?
6.What clothes do they wear? 7.What do they eat? Quizz question 7.
What do they eat? Write your answer on your sheet Inuit What do you
know about Inuit? 5. Where do they live?
6.What clothes do they wear? 7.What do they eat? 8.How do they
hunt? 8. How do Inuit hunt? Hunting Fishing The Inuit were able to
hunt for food year-round. Depending on the season they would hunt
for different animals and used different techniques. Sea Mammals,
suchas Seal, Walrus, Beluga Whales, Narwhal Here you can see one
technique: Seals have to breath, even under the ice. For that goal
they use breathing gaps in the ice. The Inuit people waited at this
site until the seal came up to breath and they could hit it with a
spear. However, some sea mammals, like whales, were hunted in the
open water using kayaks or the bigger umiaks. In fact, Inuit used
everything oftheir game: they used all the meat, blubber, skin, and
ivory. Furthermore they hunt Land Animals like caribou, musk oxen,
arctic fox, polar bear, arctic hare and arctic birds. Besides
Kayaks and Umiaks, dogs sledges are used for travelling and
transport. Inuit What do you know about Inuit? 5. Where do they
live?
6.What clothes do they wear? 7.What do they eat? 8.How do they
hunt? 9.What does their housing look like? What does their housing
look like? Housing During the winter, Inuit families would follow
the hunt. The most common winter shelter was a snowhouse, more
commonly known as an 'igloo', whichwould keep them warm. It was
made out of snow blocks, which usually took the Inuit minutes to
build. Sleeping platforms were made of ice blocks, covered with
fur. But: During the summer, the Inuit built tents out of driftwood
or poles covered with animal skins, mostly caribou or sealskin.
These tents were not like the Plains tipis. People from different
areas would form large villages during the summer. In the winter
everyone scatted across the land into small bands again. Inuit What
do you know about Inuit? 5. Where do they live?
6.What clothes do they wear? 7.What do they eat? 8.How do they
hunt? 9.What does their housing look like? 10.Why were they called
Eskimos? And here is the last quizz question: Why were Inuit called
Eskimos? Eskimo? Why? Inuit were used to be called Eskimos, which
came from a Native word for 'eater of raw meat'. Now the Arctic
people are officially known as the Inuit, which means 'the people',
or the singular form: Inuk And there are many more Peoples with
varied cultures.
Gros Ventre Plains Ojibwa, Saulteaux, Chippewa North Peigan
(Blackfoot) Crow South Peigan (Blackfeet, Montana) Arapaho Sioux
Hidatsa Blood (Blackfoot) Kiowa Mohawk Kootenay Sioux Mtis of Half
Breed Sioux/Assiniboine/Stoney (Eden Valley, Morley and Big Horn,
Alberta) Sioux/Assiniboine/Stoney Plains Cree Thompson Mandan
Blackfoot people - the First People Okanagan Arikara Blackfoot
(Blackfoot - Alberta) And there are many more Peoples with varied
cultures. And that were just a few Aboriginal Peoples and their
cultures. Here you see more peoples. And even this is just a part
of the different cultures in Canada.