Prehistoric- We have no written Prehistoric- We have no written records of this time period or of these records of this time period or of these people. people.

We use clues like artifacts in burial We use clues like artifacts in burial sites, tools, stone and ceramic pots sites, tools, stone and ceramic pots and clothing to learn about them.and clothing to learn about them.

• Hunted wild animals for food like Hunted wild animals for food like mammoths, caribou, oxen, and mammoths, caribou, oxen, and wolveswolves

• Gathered seeds, nuts, & roots Gathered seeds, nuts, & roots from wild plantsfrom wild plants

• Used bones and needles to sew Used bones and needles to sew animal hides for clothes and animal hides for clothes and blankets.blankets.

• See page 31 Ohio AdventuresSee page 31 Ohio Adventures

Lived in Ohio’s tall forestsLived in Ohio’s tall forests Hunters that used spearsHunters that used spears Developed the Developed the atlatl, atlatl, a hooked spear a hooked spear

throwerthrower Hunted deer, turkeys, bears, ducks, geeseHunted deer, turkeys, bears, ducks, geese Used all parts of animals: flesh-food, Used all parts of animals: flesh-food,

hides-clothing & moccosins, bones-tools, hides-clothing & moccosins, bones-tools, sinew (muscle)-sewing, teeth-ornaments sinew (muscle)-sewing, teeth-ornaments & necklaces& necklaces

Hunters and gatherersHunters and gatherers However, were first to grow own food and However, were first to grow own food and

save it for winter.save it for winter. Did not move so much in order to find foodDid not move so much in order to find food Lived in semi-permanent villagesLived in semi-permanent villages Were moundbuilders (many different Were moundbuilders (many different

shapes)shapes)– Burial moundsBurial mounds– Religious ceremoniesReligious ceremonies– Protection fortsProtection forts

Sites near rivers or streamsSites near rivers or streams Water needed for cooking, drinking, Water needed for cooking, drinking,

washing and transportation.washing and transportation. Planted and harvested cropsPlanted and harvested crops Lived in caves or homes made with Lived in caves or homes made with

woven branches & grasseswoven branches & grasses 2 types of Mounds2 types of Mounds Coneshaped…burial Coneshaped…burial

Effigy…animal shapedEffigy…animal shaped P. 37 Great Serpent MoundP. 37 Great Serpent Mound

Hunted, Gathered & Raised CropsHunted, Gathered & Raised Crops Built villages near riversBuilt villages near rivers Like Adena, lived in southern part of Like Adena, lived in southern part of

Ohio, but moved NorthwardOhio, but moved Northward Mounds were geometric in shape; Mounds were geometric in shape;

circle, rectangle, square, octogon & circle, rectangle, square, octogon & concentric circles (circles inside circles)concentric circles (circles inside circles)

Hopewell traded more than AdenaHopewell traded more than Adena

Historic…we have written records about Historic…we have written records about these Indians.these Indians.

http://http://www.ohiohistorycentral.orgwww.ohiohistorycentral.org Wyandot Wyandot MiamiMiami OttawaOttawa ShawneeShawnee DelawareDelaware MingoMingo

Common Characteristics Common Characteristics of All Tribesof All Tribes

Lived in groups- cousins, aunts, uncles Lived in groups- cousins, aunts, uncles and grandparents under one roofand grandparents under one roof

Everyone had a jobEveryone had a jobMenMen-hunted, fished, cleared fields, -hunted, fished, cleared fields,

defended villagesdefended villagesWomenWomen-planted, harvested crops, -planted, harvested crops,

cooked, prepared animal skinscooked, prepared animal skinsChildrenChildren-copied parents-copied parents

Characteristics ContinuedCharacteristics Continued

All wore warm leggings, skirts, robes of animal All wore warm leggings, skirts, robes of animal furs, moccasins, sashes, beading, painted skinfurs, moccasins, sashes, beading, painted skin

All used wool blanketsAll used wool blankets All believed in the Great SpiritAll believed in the Great Spirit All participated in ceremoniesAll participated in ceremonies Every tribe had two leadersEvery tribe had two leaders

-village chief-village chief

-war chief-war chief

The WyandotThe WyandotHomes:Homes:

-Longhouses-Longhouses-Sandusky River-Sandusky River

Known Artifacts:Known Artifacts:-Wooden Masks-Wooden Masks

Famous Chief: Tarhe the CraneFamous Chief: Tarhe the Crane

Interesting Facts:Interesting Facts:-called “Grandfathers”-called “Grandfathers”-brave and wise people-brave and wise people-friends of the Shawnee-friends of the Shawnee

Tarhe the CraneTarhe the Crane

The MiamiThe MiamiHomes:Homes:

-wigwams-wigwams-Great Miami River and Little Miami River near Piqua-Great Miami River and Little Miami River near Piqua

What did the people do?What did the people do?-women were excellent farmers-women were excellent farmers-farmed white corn and had large fruit orchards-farmed white corn and had large fruit orchards

Known Artifacts:Known Artifacts:-moccasins-moccasins

What did they wear?What did they wear?-wore few clothes-wore few clothes-covered bodies in tattoos-covered bodies in tattoos

Famous Chief: Little TurtleFamous Chief: Little Turtle

Interesting Facts:Interesting Facts:-brave warriors-brave warriors

Little TurtleLittle Turtle

The MingoThe Mingo

Homes:Homes:-wigwams and longhouses-wigwams and longhouses-Cuyahoga River in North Eastern Ohio-Cuyahoga River in North Eastern Ohio

Known Artifacts:Known Artifacts:-masks-masks

Interesting Facts:Interesting Facts:-wanted to be left alone to live in peace-wanted to be left alone to live in peace-village called Mingo Town-village called Mingo Town

The OttawaThe OttawaHomes:Homes:

-tepees and longhouses-tepees and longhouses-Maumee River-Maumee River

What did the people do?What did the people do?-traders-traders

Known Artifacts:Known Artifacts:-beaded pouches-beaded pouches

Famous Chief: PontiacFamous Chief: Pontiac

Interesting Fact:Interesting Fact:-best traders in Great Lake Region -best traders in Great Lake Region -many great warriors-many great warriors

PontiacPontiac

The ShawneeThe ShawneeHomes:Homes:

-wigwams-wigwams-Scioto River in Southern Ohio-Scioto River in Southern Ohio

Known Artifacts:Known Artifacts:-carrying bags-carrying bags

What did the people wear?What did the people wear?-loved silver-loved silver-tall and handsome people-tall and handsome people

Famous Chiefs: Tecumseh and Blue JacketFamous Chiefs: Tecumseh and Blue Jacket

Interesting Facts:Interesting Facts:-brave and respected warriors-brave and respected warriors-Tecumseh-Tecumseh

Tecumseh and Blue JacketTecumseh and Blue Jacket

The DelawareThe Delaware

Homes:Homes:-wigwams-wigwams-Muskingum and Tuscarawas Rivers-Muskingum and Tuscarawas Rivers-last tribe to settle in Ohio-last tribe to settle in Ohio

Known Artifacts:Known Artifacts:-dolls-dolls

Famous Chief: Chief MingoFamous Chief: Chief Mingo

Interesting Facts:Interesting Facts:-called “Grandfathers”-called “Grandfathers”-oldest Indian nation-oldest Indian nation-fought settlers-fought settlers

Chief MingoChief Mingo

Reasons include:Reasons include: 1. Religious Persecution… being 1. Religious Persecution… being

killed because of their religionkilled because of their religion 2. Famine or disease in their home 2. Famine or disease in their home

countrycountry 3. The desire for a better life without 3. The desire for a better life without

living in poverty.living in poverty. 4. America was a land of opportunity4. America was a land of opportunity

Read Ohio p. 89-92Read Ohio p. 89-92 Settlers cut down trees and cleared land Settlers cut down trees and cleared land

for towns and farms.for towns and farms. Many wild animals disappeared.Many wild animals disappeared. Indians caught diseases from white men.Indians caught diseases from white men. Some drank settlers whiskey and Some drank settlers whiskey and

became alcoholics and no longer took became alcoholics and no longer took care of family.care of family...

Read & Discuss:Read & Discuss: Katie’s Wish…Barbara Shook HazenKatie’s Wish…Barbara Shook Hazen Annushka’s voyage…Edith TarbescuAnnushka’s voyage…Edith Tarbescu The Memory Coat…Elvira WoodruffThe Memory Coat…Elvira Woodruff When Jessie Came Across the Sea…When Jessie Came Across the Sea…

Amy HestAmy Hest