Native American Planting Maize, from Folio 121 from Histoire Naturelles Des Indes Maize (corn), which was genetically engineered by Native Americans in what is now Mexico some 7,000

years ago, became one of the staple food sources for many Indian groups in North America. This sixteenth-century illustration depicts traditional Native American agricultural practices and typical foods including

corn, squashes, and gourds. (The Pierpont Morogan Library/Art Resource, New York)

A Carolina Indian Woman and Child, byJohn White

The artist was a member ofthe Raleigh expedition of 1585. Noticethat the Indian girl carries a European doll,illustrating the mingling of cultures thathad already begun.

Carolina Indians German painter Philip Georg Friedrich von Reck drew these YuchiIndians in the 1730s. The blanket and rifle show that trade with the English settlers hadalready begun to transform Native American culture.

Native American Women Planting Crops in Florida by Jacques Le MoyneJacques Le Moyne, an artist accompanying the French settlement in Florida in the 1560s, produced some

of the first European images of North American peoples. His depiction of native agricultural practices shows the sexual division of labor: men breaking up the ground with fish-bone hoes before women drop

seeds into the holes. But Le Moyne's version of the scene cannot be accepted uncritically: unable to abandon a European view of proper farming methods, he erroneously drew plowed furrows in the soil.

(John Carter Brown Library at Brown University)

John White's drawings of Indians fishing

John White, an artist with Raleigh's 1585 expedition (and

later the governor of the ill-fated 1587 colony), illustrated three

different fishing techniques used by Carolina Indians: to the left, the construction of weirs and

traps; in the background, spearfishing in shallow water; and in the foreground, fishing from dugout canoes. The fish

are accurately drawn and can be identified today.

(Trustees of the British Museum)

A Festival, painted by a German visitor to GeorgiaA German visitor to Georgia painted this watercolor of a Yuchi ceremony, which he titled A Festival. The guns hanging inside the shelter were probably acquired from English traders in

South Carolina. (Royal Library Copenhagen)

Bartholomew Gosnold Trading with Indians at Martha's Vineyard, Theodor de Bry, 1634This picture shows one interpretation of a trading session between the English and Native

Americans. Theodor de Bry was one of the first to include such drawings in his accounts of the New World. Previous works on the subject contained either no illustrations or very crude ones.

(Library of Congress)

Jamestown vs. Powhatan ConfederacyJamestown vs. Powhatan Confederacy

Captain John Smith claims to be “saved” by Captain John Smith claims to be “saved” by PocahontasPocahontas

First Anglo-Powhatan War (1610-14)First Anglo-Powhatan War (1610-14) – Lord – Lord De La Warr brings cruel tactics learned De La Warr brings cruel tactics learned fighting Irishfighting Irish

Second Anglo-Powhatan War (1644)Second Anglo-Powhatan War (1644) – failed – failed attempt to dislodge Virginiansattempt to dislodge Virginians

disease, disorganization, and disposability disease, disorganization, and disposability doom the Powhatan Confederacydoom the Powhatan Confederacy

Puritans & Naragansett Indians Puritans & Naragansett Indians vs. Pequotsvs. Pequots

Pequot War of 1637Pequot War of 1637 – Pequots are virtually – Pequots are virtually annihilatedannihilated

King Philip’s War (1675)King Philip’s War (1675) – Metacom forms – Metacom forms a Pan-Indian alliance and mounts a series of a Pan-Indian alliance and mounts a series of coordinated assaultscoordinated assaults

Metacom’s wife and son are sold into Metacom’s wife and son are sold into slaveryslavery

Metacom is captured, beheaded, drawn and Metacom is captured, beheaded, drawn and quartered, and displayedquartered, and displayed