Nationalism & Revolution

Around the World

3 Causes:1.Peasants wanted land2.Factory workers and miners wanted

higher wages3.The middle class wanted democracy

Murals: Contributed to the rise in Cultural Nationalism in Mexico.

Meant to help ALL Mexican, even those who couldn’t read, learn about the ideals of the Revolution. (Aztecan/Mayan, Influences)

Made Church land “property of the nation”

Constitution of 1917 was approved by President Venustiano Carranza

Dominated Mexican Politics from the 1930s through the Free Election of 2000.

Distributed land more equally. Supported labor Nationalized natural resources

Did NOT support democracy

Strengthened Latin American nationalism and improved relations between Latin America and the United States.U.S. FDR pledged to lessen interference in

Latin American affairs.U.S. withdrew troops from Haiti and

NicaraguaSupported Mexico’s nationalization of oil

Economic NationalismGovernments set up factories, raised tariffs,

invested directly into new businesses

Resistance of Colonial Rule• Formed labor unions and organizations

to protest colonial rule• Africa for Africans Movement: Meant to

increase national unity and protest colonial rule. (Pan-Africanism)

• Apartheid-policy of segregation in South Africa

Rise of Nationalism1.Pan-Africanism 2.Pan-African Congress3.Negritude Movement: writers expressing

pride in African roots. (Leopold Senghor)

Muslim religious leaders objected to forms in Turkey & Persia because:

• They felt that new laws might interfere with Islamic culture

• Balfour Declaration: British led advocating a national home for Jews in Palestine. (Conflict b/w Arab and Jewish nationalists

• Turkey: Ataturk’s reforms were meant to reject religion in laws & government.• Focused on modernizing industry and

transportation

Modernizes Persia (Iran)Forced out Russian/British troops Eventually forced out of power before WWII

Allegedly favored Germany and Britain/France were fearful of his allegiances to Germany.

Sought Self Rule• Felt the British didn’t deliver on the reform promises

they made during WWI. Amritsar massacre convinced Indians independence was necessary.

Power of Non-Violence Ghandi—preached CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE OR NON-

VIOLENCE to solve problems. Ahimsa: nonviolence and reverence for all life USE THE POWER OF LOVE TO CHANGE

WRONGDOERS. Launched a series of non-violent actions against

British Rule Boycott British goods Was able to gain support for his cause because of

his personal character and his emphasis on equality Worldwide attention forced Britain to give Indians

more rights

May Fourth Movement Student protests across China Meant to strengthen China by learning

from Western cultureCauses Warlord uprisings weakened China

which allowed countries like Japan to hone in on China’s possessions.

China was unable to stop foreign imperialism

Jiang Jieshi led “extermination campaigns” against Mao Zedong & the Communists

Mao Zedong fought back with guerilla warfare or quick hit & run attacks.

Mao Zedong enforced strict discipline. Soldiers were to treat peasants politely, pay for goods they wanted, and avoid damaging crops.

Japan wanted to create an empire Japan invades Manchuria—a region in

Northeast China rich with natural resources

Helps unify the Chinese people creating a common enemy with Japan.

The Chinese begin to fight back as a whole against the Japanese

• Enjoyed great prosperity and industrial production during the 1920s

• Hirohito ruled from 1926-1989• Expanded the economy and military• Became an international power• Widespread Democracy• The Diet—Japanese Parliament

flourished• All men could vote

• Despite all of the prosperity, there were struggles.

• Rural peasants did not share in the nations newfound wealth

• Factory workers earned low wages• Earthquake in 1923 struck• Businesses were destroyed and over

100,000 people were killed• Those who survived were left with no

buildings and factories and in turn lost their jobs.

Ultranationalists condemned Western ideals

Set sites on Manchuria—region in China Region was rich in natural resources and

Japanese businesses were heavily invested there.