Nationalism in IndiaWorld Cultures

South Asia

Nationalism in India Indian Nationalism

Want to use the influences of western societies to strengthen and reform India

Hindu Nationalism Want to return India to

traditional Hindu culture

Indian National Congress (INC) 1885

Mohandas Gandhi Took over leadership of the Indian National

Congress Set up to work towards change and advancement in

India

Result: Hindu Nationalism grows and Muslims become increasingly concerned about their fate

Muslim League 1905 Muhammad Ali Jinnah

Believed that the subcontinent of India must be divided into two separate nations

1. Hindu

2. Muslim

Gandhi will continue to push for peaceful

co-existence between both Hindu’s and Muslims

Amritsar Massacre – April 13, 1919 Indians protest the violations of the British

Amritsar, India (northwest India)

General Dyer – Orders British troops to open fire on the protesters

Result: Giving no word of warning, he ordered 50 soldiers to fire into the gathering, and for 10 to 15 minutes 1,650 rounds of ammunition were unloaded into the screaming, terrified crowd, some of whom were trampled by those desperately trying to escape. 379 Indians dead, 1,000 wounded, and increases distrust towards British

Amritsar Song ''I think it quite possible that I could have dispersed the

crowd without firing but they would have come back again and laughed, and I would have made, what I consider, a fool of myself.'' ......Dyer's response

Listen to the shaheed song - "Jallian Wala Bagh" in honor of the sacrifices made by Amritsar to set India free.

http://www.amritsar.com/Jallian%20Wala%20Bagh.shtml

1947 – Indian Independence Act Ended British rule in India and separated

India into two independent nations

1. India – Hindu and led by Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru

2. Pakistan – Muslim and led by Muhammad Ali Jinnah

Jawaharlal NehruJawaharlal NehruJawaharlal NehruJawaharlal Nehru

Supporter of Gandhi.Supporter of Gandhi.

11stst Prime Minister Prime Minister of India, of India, 1947-1964.1947-1964.

Muhammad Ali Jinnah

Despite differences over the partition Jinnah and Gandhi still maintained a friendly relationship

Result of Partition Countries promised religious toleration for those Hindu’s /

Muslim’s still living within the countries

Religious toleration did not exist 500,000 people died in acts of violence Millions of Muslims fled India for Pakistan Millions of Hindus fled Pakistan for India 15,000,000 took place in mass migration

Gandhi refused to take part in migrations and was shot and killed by Hindu extremist, Nathuram Godse