Nationalism in India

A challenge to the European global order

How did the British Colonise India?

• Download British rule in India in the 19th Century activity from my blog

1. Take a look at the first page with the two sources what conclusions can you come to about how the British conquered India and why?

2. On the next page use the sources and information to complete the activity #1 and 2

3. For question #3: what conclusions can you come to, after reading all of the information on the second page, about how the British economically controlled India

Review

Mauryan Empire & Ashoka

Gupta Empire – Golden Age of India

Mughal- Muslims descendants of Genghis Khan (Taj Mahal)

Indian Rebellion of 1857 - Britain officially takes control of India 1858

322 -185 BCE

320 - 550 CE

1526 - 1757

1863-1902

1757 British East India Company takes control

Swami Vivekananda – revival of Hinduism= national identity for Indians, but Muslims are seen as more separate

1857- 1858

Rani Lakshmiba - Indian Rebellion of 1857 and for Indian nationalists a symbol of resistance to the rule of the British East India Company in the subcontinent.

1857 Indian Rebellion

Indian Rebellion of 1857 - Britain officially takes control of India 1858

From the British Government in IndiaWe propose to show the distribution of the population- i. By religionii. By civil conditioniii. By ageiv. By birthplace and languagev. By occupationvi. By education

1881 First Census

What happens when you begin counting Indians according to their religion?

How will this impact politics?

How did the World Wars impact

colonies?• Ordered to kill Europeans• Vacated administrative posts given to natives• Promises of autonomy in exchange for loyalty• Promises not kept• Horror of war lead to questions regarding European

racial supremacy• Economic disruptions = more support for nationalist

movements

India’s path to independence

National Congress party

The first Indian National Congress, 1885

• Western educated Indians

• A study club to start• Large cities• Supported by British

officials• Loyal to the British

• representation of Indians in local legislative positions

• End restriction for Indians to work in colonial government

Goals/Issues of Concern… which group of issues do you believe were of greater concern for the early National Congress?

• Drain of wealth from India to Britain

• Growing poverty

Racism against Indians occurs throughout India

• Low salaries• Lack of access to administrative jobs in

government

Realization of common struggle is UNIFYING!

Meetings and the discovery of widespread

racism

Gaining support = Mass Movement

1. Read Social foundations of a mass movement on page 786.2. Read Sources A-D on the Indian National Congress and

answer the questions that follow each source3. Complete a P.O.V. for one of the sources.

In Hinduism, the cow is a symbol of wealth, strength, abundance, selfless giving and a full Earthly life

Protection of CowsA pamphlet protesting against the Muslim practice of beef-eating. The demon Kali (far right) attempts to slaughter the sacred cow, represented by "the mother of cows" Kamadhenu in whose body all deities are believed to reside.

Tilak –

• Uses “being Hindu”• Separates Muslims• First to have a genuine

mass following• Imprisoned and exiled =

loss of support

WWIIndia supports

Britain

• War bonds – even Gandhi helps

• Loans• Soldiers

Problems Arise

• Length of war causes loss of support

• Inflation• Famine• Shipping shortages

British Solution

• Support for war will lead to self-rule• Montague-Chelmsford – more legislative power• Rowlett Act – reduces civil rights

ME Connection?

Balfour DeclarationWhite Papers

Mahatma Gandhi• Arrives in India in 1915

• Western education• Responsible for making the independence movement a mass

movement• Nonviolence civil disobedience - Non cooperation movement• Boycott British goods• Quit government jobs• Refuse to pay taxes• Give up British titles/honors

Download “Gandhi Opposing British rule”Answer questions A1-2 and B1-2 for now.

Pandit NehruHindu-atheist

Mahatma GandhiHindu

Muhammad Ali Jinnah - Muslim

India’s Nationalist Leaders

All-India Muslim League Indian National Congress

• Partition lines drawn by a British civil servant in six weeks by using census data

• Cut through communities, railway lines and even houses

• Lines were kept secret until after independence• British did not help to stop ethnic cleansing which

followed• 14 million migrated• Death estimates (500,000 to1,000,000)

Partition of India1947

Burma (now Myanmar) and Ceylon (now Sri Lanka) won independence in 1948.

East Pakistan broke away in 1971 and became the independent country of Bangladesh.

1947

vast camp for Muslim refugees waiting to be transported to Pakistan