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1919-1939. NATIONALISM AROUND THE WORLD. Key Events. The Balfour Declaration issued by the British foreign secretary in 1917 turned Palestine, a country with an 80% Muslim population, into a homeland for the Jews. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Key Events
The Balfour Declaration issued by the British foreign secretary in 1917 turned Palestine, a country with an 80% Muslim population, into a homeland for the Jews.
Chiang Kai-shek positioned his Nationalist forces against Mao Zedong’s Communists.
Key oil fields were discovered in the Persian Gulf area in 1938.
The Impact Today
The events that occurred during this time period still impact our lives today.
The conflict over Palestine continues to bring violence and unrest to the region.
Today China remains a communist state, and Mao Zedong is remembered as one of the country’s most influential leaders.
The Western world is very dependent upon oil from the Middle East.
Essay Questions
Explain the impact of the Balfour Declaration on the Middle East
Explain the purpose of Chiang Kai-shek’s “New Life Movement”
Explain the rise of militarism in Japan in the early 1930s
Describe the impact of the Great Depression on Latin America
Vocabulary Terms1. Genocide2. Reza Shah Pahlavi3. W.E.B. Dubois4. Black Dragon Society5. Chiang Kai-Shek6. New Life Movement7. Communists8. Mahatma9. Oligarchy10.Lazaro Cardenas
11.Armenians12.Balfour Declaration13.Marcus Garvey14.Zaibatsu15.Mao Zedong16.Guerrilla Tactics17.Redistribution of Wealth18.Good Neighbor Policy19.Getulio Vargas20.PEMEX
Decline and Fall of the Ottoman Empire Ottoman Empire grew weaker the
“sick man of Europe” During WWI, the Ottoman Turks
alienated the Allies with their policies toward minorities, especially the Armenians.
Armenians wanted independence from Ottoman government.
1915—Armenians staged an uprising.
One million Armenians died 600,000 killed 500,000 deported
400,000 died marching thru deserts & swamps
GENOCIDE – THE DELIBERATE MASS MURDER OF A PARTICULAR RACIAL, POLITICAL, OR CULTURAL GROUP.
ETHNIC CLEANSING – A MORE MODERN TERM FOR GENOCIDE.
ARMENIANS – VICTIMS OF GENOCIDE AT THE HANDS OF THE OTTOMAN GOVERNMENT.
By 1918, another 400,000 Armenians had been massacred.
Russia, France, Britain were furious “against humanity and civilization”
Because of the war, the killing continued.
Ottoman Empire collapsed at end of WWI. Great Britain and France divided territories Turkey remained under Ottoman control Later Greece took Turkey
Declared to be the Turkish Republic.
After successfully establishing the Republic of Turkey, the president (Kemal Ataturk) introduced many reforms, most of which were kept even after his death.
The Beginnings of Modern Iran Known as Persia Qajar Dynasty (1794-1925) unsuccessful
in fixing domestic problems Dynasty asked Russia and Great Britain
for help in protecting it from its own people, which led to lots of outsiders in Persia
Discovery of oil in 1908 attracted more outsiders
Increased foreign outsiders led to a Persian nationalist movement.
1921Reza Khan led a military mutiny and took control of Tehran (the capital)
1925Reza Khan established himself as shah, or king, and was called Reza Shah Pahlavi.
REZA SHAH PAHLAVI ESTABLISHED THE MODERN STATE OF IRAN IN 1935.
The Problem of Palestine In Palestine, the nationalism of Jews and
Arabs came into conflict because both groups viewed the area as a potential national state
Since the 1890s, the Zionist movement pushed for Palestine to become a Jewish state
Jews wanted Palestine because ancient Israel was located there
Arabs wanted Palestine because their ancestors lived there for centuries
Lots of Jews began to migrate to Palestine.
During WWI, Britain issued the BALFOUR DECLARATION – STATED BRITAIN’S INTENTION TO MAKE PALESTINE THE NATIONAL HOME OF THE JEWS. Added that this should not undermine the rights
of the non-Jewish people living there Attracted even more Jews to Palestine 1933, the Nazi regime in Germany began policies
that later led to the Holocaust During the 1930s, many Jews fled to Palestine Tensions grew, violence between Jews and
Muslims flared Britain tried to end violence by declaring the only
75,000 Jews could immigrate to Palestine in the next 5 years; after that, no more.
This made matters much worse!
Movements Toward Independence in Africa Black Africans fought in WWI with
France and Britain hoping they would win independence after the war
Peace settlement after WWI was a disappointment Germany stripped of its African colonies;
they were given to Great Britain and France as mandates for the League of Nations.
Britain and France now governed most of Africa
After WWI, Africans became more politically active and sought reforms
New leaders for African independence W.E.B. DuBOIS – LEADER OF A
MOVEMENT THAT TRIED TO MAKE ALL AFRICANS AWARE OF THEIR OWN CULTURAL HERITAGE.
MARCUS GARVEY – STRESSED THE NEED FOR THE UNITY OF ALL AFRICANS, A MOVEMENT KNOWN AS PAN-AFRICANISM.
Movement for Indian Independence Mohandas Gandhi became active in
the movement for Indian self-rule before WWI
Became known as MAHATMA – “GREAT SOUL” Organized non-violent mass protests Civil disobedience – refusal to obey laws
considered to be unjust 1919 – British troops killed hundreds of
unarmed protesters in Amristar Gandhi arrested Spent several years in prison
After release from prison, Gandhi returned to civil disobedience
Gandhi’s teachings Wrong to harm any living being Hate can only be overcome by love Love, not force, could win people over to
one’s position Totally against violence!!
He encouraged Indians to protest by Not paying taxes Not sending their children to English-
supported schools Making their own cotton cloth at home Not buying English-made goods Not buying government salt – make salt at
home
Britain increased tax on salt, and prohibited Indian people from making or harvesting their own salt
In 1930, Gandhi protested the new British taxes and restrictions on salt by walking to the sea on what became known as the SALT MARCH. When he reached the coast he picked up some salt as an act of civil disobedience. Thousands of followers did the same thing. All were later arrested.
Rise of a Militarist Japan In the early 20th century, Japan’s
economy fluorished ZAIBATSU –LARGE FINANCIAL AND
INDUSTRIAL FIRMS THAT DEVELOPED INTO VAST COMPANIES THAT CONTROLLED MAJOR SEGMENTS OF THE JAPANESE INDUSTRIAL SECTOR.