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Combating Youth Unemployment through VET
Dr. Edephonce Ngemera Nfuka, Director, Institute of Educational and Management Technologies,
Open University of Tanzania (OUT)
ICT and Open Distance Learning Arrangements: Suitability and Practicability in Addressing Equitable Access to VET
NATIONAL VET FORUM 10-11th Dec, 2014
Institute of Educational and Management Technologies, OUT
Open University of Tanzania (OUT) in Nutshell • ODL based Institution • 29 Coordination & Regional
Centres - in & outside Tanzania • Programs - Certificates to PhDs • Over 40,000 active students • Recent yearly enroll/grads -
about 11,000/3,800 • Over 30 PCs Labs/Wireless Aps • Electronic/blended learning
Uganda Martyrs University
Agenda
• Introduction
• Process, benefits and challenges of integrating ICT in education/ODL point of view
• Strategies for integrating ICT in VET/ODL point of view
• Conclusion
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Introduction • Significant need of relevant vocational skills to
• Increase employability (self & wage employment) in TZ
thus contribution to poverty reduction
• VET Demand skills gap
• Able to provide 160,000 while the required is 600,000
• Relevance to today’s industry
• However there is a limitation of what residential institutions/centres can carter for given costly
• Campus infrastructure expansion
• Human power capabilities - Changing technologies etc
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Introduction … • Today there is opportunity of rapid spreading cost-
effective ICT in education such as
• Fibre/Wireless/mobile technologies
• Electronic/Blended learning with interactive multimedia integration
• Open Educational Resources (OER)/Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs)
• Supportive administration information systems
• Due to these technologies today there is also an opportunity & motivation to embrace Open & Distance Learning (ODL) mode of delivery in VET
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Introduction … • This is felt to be necessary for filling the vocational
skills gap/placement challenges in terms of required
• Enrolment numbers, graduates placement & Quality training by the ODL mode despite its unfairly perceived unsuitability in such practical oriented training.
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• This paper discusses possible ICT roles, challenges & strategies for its suitability/practicability to address
• Access & Equity to VET & Quality of training improvement from ODL perspective with aim to increase employability thus contribution to poverty reduction.
Process, benefits and challenges of integrating ICT in education/ODL point of view
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Process of integrating ICT in education/ODL point of view …
• Continuum of Educational delivery (Spatial/ Geographic distribution of teachers and learners)
• Face to face (On-Campus)
• Mixed Mode/Hybrid (On-Campus & off-campus)
• Distance Education (Off-Campus)
• Distance education/learning • Is a mode of delivering education and instruction, often
on an individual basis, to students who are not physically present in a traditional setting such as a classroom.
• Teachers & learners are separated by distance/time.
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Process of integrating ICT in education/ODL point of view …
• Distance education/learning (Traditionally)
• Printed materials
• Post office delivery
• Distance education (using technology/Extent of ICT support)
• Blended learning (Mixture of electronic learning and face to face)
• Online/electronic learning (Internet dependent & Fully online)
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Process of integrating ICT in education/ODL view point
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ICT (Information & Communications Technology) • an umbrella term that includes any communication device
or application, encompassing: radio, television, cellular
phones, computer, network, software, satellite systems and
so on, as well as the various services and applications
associated with them, such as HR management, videoconferencing & distance learning.
Process of integrating ICT in education/ODL view point • Technology integration areas
• Teaching/Learning (Virtual Learning environment (VLE)/e-learning platform, e-Content, Literacy, support)
• Communication (Communication tools, social networking)
• Supportive Infrastructure (backbone, networks, ICT facilities) & Administration systems (Records/Reports)
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ICT Infrastructure/Support
applications
Process of integrating ICT in education/ODL point of view
• Educational technology stack
• Institutional strategy
• Programme and course design
• Staff and Student digital literacies
• Staff and Student support
• Applications (e.g. Moodle, SARIS)
• Hardware Devices/Network
• Physical space
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Process of integrating ICT in education/ODL point of view
• Literally how do we use technology • Efficient way to transmit content,
Access range of resources
• Facilitate 2-ways communication, exploration, co-creation & interaction
• Asynchronous (e.g. access to materials)/synchronous e.g. video conferences) technologies/tools
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Process of integrating ICT in education/ODL view point • Increasingly available technologies to facilitate
integration
• E-learning with interactive multimedia integration • Use of electronic educational technology in
learning/teaching
• M-learning/Mobile technologies • Access of learning resources in a mobile
customized way
• Open Educational Resources (OER) • Are freely accessible, openly licensed documents
& media that are useful for teaching, learning & assessing
• Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) • Large-scale interactive participation & open access
via the web or other network technologies
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Benefits of integrating ICT in education/ODL point of view
• Learning/Access process • Increased student (+visual impaired)
access to institutions learning/digital resources from all over including mobiles
• Improved Interaction/collaboration among teachers & learners as well as Learners & learners
• Improved difficult concepts understanding using integrated multimedia in e-learning platform /courses
• Improved access to education
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Benefits of integrating ICT in education/ODL point of view
• Supporting related services
• Improved records management including timely transcri- pts generation & self online registration/results access
• Improved security, exams scheduling flexibility and quality of the examination due to examination data bank and on demand system (ODEX)
• Enhanced management of fees collection & HR thus a gua- rantee to a more efficient teaching/learning environment
• Improved accuracy and quick access to various facts and figures thus better planning and other decisions making
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Challenges of integrating ICT in education/ODL view point
While there are many benefits of ICT & ODL arrange- ments there are challenges that VET may also encounter
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• Policy making issues • Insufficient prioritization of ICT in the implementation of
educational and development policies;
• Managerial • Inadequate experience in sharing, collaboration and partnership in
ICT initiatives development and implementation;
• Economic issues • Resistance to change from some internal stakeholders that are
likely to loose from effective deployment of ICT. • Insufficient financial resources and seeking efforts to ensure the
equitable and sustainable integration of ICT in education
Challenges of integrating ICT in education/ODL view point
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• Technological development • Capacity to handle laboratory/practical work and other difficult
areas/concepts as part of e-learning/ODL initiative • Difficulties in acquired systems integration and adhering to
common standards/frameworks thus creating silos. • Inadequate documentation for all internally developed or third
party procured systems.
• Human resources development • Inadequate awareness and capacity development of multifaceted
uses of a wide range of ICT thus its underutilization & none return on investment and expected impact.
• Insufficient numbers of qualified/competent technical personnel to manage and maintain ICT resources
• Slow uptake of older vocational teachers with computer phobia
Challenges of integrating ICT in education/ODL view point
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• Learners
• Certain students take a long time to appreciate the benefits of ICT use but contemporary learning institutions don’t wait all.
• Student progress evaluation
• Students ICT illiteracy when joining in a learning institution digital environment
• Infrastructure development
• Inadequate critical supporting infrastructure such as electricity and telecoms, especially in remote areas thus affecting ODL students.
• Need of periodic replacement of computers (3 -5 years) and related maintenance.
Strategies for integrating ICT in VET/ODL point of view • Generally, VET should efficiently incorporate ICT to
• improve the quality of training and equip graduates with skills relevant to industry demands • existing industry demands, continuously changing labour
market and new emerging technology intensive
• Redefine tutors competencies & empower them to transfer relevant skills & knowledge to VET students • Include ICT & pedagogical development
• Increase access to VET through new learning pathways
• Opportunities to expand enrolment to VET that can be grasped through ICT enabled blended/Distance learning methodologies
• These can be achieved through a number of strategies
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Strategies for integrating ICT in VET/ODL point of view …
• Update/Implement comprehe-nsive guiding ICT plan/policies aligned to institutional objectives
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• Infrastructure
• Re-equipping the VET system with only necessary physical infrastructure
• Additional ICT infrastructure/ tools
• Networks (National Fibre, VPN, wireless APs), Video Conferences etc
Strategies for integrating ICT in VET/ODL point of view…
• Adopting cost-effective Virtual/Online learning platform (e.g. Moodle) & digital resource portal
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• Educational technology related experts (instructional designers/ multimedia experts etc)
& support plan
Strategies for integrating ICT in VET/ODL point of view …
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• Provide 21st century ICT/digital literacy related capacity building to voca-tional teachers/students & mainstreaming their use in teaching & learning
• Develop e-Learning based courses/support them with interactive multimedia & virtual labs incorporation
Strategies for integrating ICT in VET/ODL point of view • Adopt appropriate
blended/distance learning framework for effective and consistency online & offline experiences
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• Adopt mechanisms to allow offline/online access to digital materials (within campus & individual gadgets) given access to internet/bandwidth issues
Strategies for integrating ICT in VET/ODL point of view…
• Improving supporting administration information systems for efficiency and evidence-based planning, practices and placement
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• Integrated student management systems
• Integrated HR/Finance management systems
• Records management e.g. File tracking Systems
• Other Systems for productivity/efficiency across VET system
VET-MIS
Strategies for integrating ICT in VET/ODL point of view • Synergies among learning Institutions and beyond
• Matters of economy of scale/Higher return on investment e.g. While Higher learning Institutions are being connected and Secondary Schools thought why not including VETA/VET
• Encouraging partnerships for optimizing integration and impact of ICT/ODL in VET system • Locally e.g. MoU with Open University of Tanzania on e-
learning, ODL and co-using our centres in the regions
• Internationally – e.g. UNESCO
• UNEVOC- International centre for technical and vocational Training that promotes learning for the world of work
• IITE- UNESCO Institute for Information Technologies in education that promotes ICT implement. VET/ODL inclusive
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Conclusion • This paper discussed the possible ICT & ODL
arrangements roles, challenges and strategies for their suitability and practicability in addressing equitable access to VE.
• Focusing on various strategies in relation to indicated ICT & ODL arrangements may improve enrollment, quality training & placement improvement.
• This will in turn increase employability & eventually contribution to poverty reduction with modest investment.
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