NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE EXAMINATION · PDF fileNATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE: GEOGRAPHY: PAPER I Page 8 of 28 IEB Copyright © 2013 1.4.2 Refer to Figure 3 on page i of the Insert

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NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE EXAMINATION NOVEMBER 2013

GEOGRAPHY: PAPER I Time: 3 hours 300 marks PLEASE READ THE FOLLOWING INSTRUCTIONS CAREFULLY 1. This question paper consists of 28 pages and an Insert of 4 pages (i – iv). Detach the Insert

from the middle of the question paper. Please check that your question paper is complete.

2. Read the questions carefully. 3. ANSWER THREE QUESTIONS AS FOLLOWS:

Section A – Compulsory question One from Section B One from Section C

4. Credit will be given for the following: Interpretation and explanation; and Evidence of personal observations where this is appropriate to the question.

5. You are encouraged to use sketch maps, diagrams and other explanatory drawings to

support your answers wherever relevant.

6. Number your answers exactly as the questions are numbered.

7. Please circle the number of each question answered on the back inside flap of your Answer Book or on the front cover as applicable.

8. It is in your own interest to write legibly and present your work neatly.

9. There is a GLOSSARY of words on pages 2 and 3 explaining what the words in bold used

in the questions mean. 10. Candidates must pay attention to the mark allocation. Unless otherwise indicated, two

marks are awarded for a valid response. This means that a question carrying four marks requires two responses.

NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE: GEOGRAPHY: PAPER I Page 2 of 28

IEB Copyright © 2013

GLOSSARY WORD MEANING

Account for To explain why, by giving reasons.

Analyse To separate into parts or elements and to describe or examine each in detail.

Annotate To add notes or explanations to a sketch, map or drawing.

Argue To present reasons for or against.

Classify To divide into groups or types so that things with similar characteristics are in the same group.

Comment To give your opinion or make a statement about something; to write generally about.

Compare and contrast

Compare: To point out or show both similarities and differences Contrast: To stress the differences, dissimilarities, or unlikeness of things.

Compile To draw up or put a list together.

Copy To make an exact replica or copy of something.

Define To give the precise meaning of …

Demonstrate To show or make clear, to illustrate and explain; (can give examples).

Describe To list the main characteristics of something, give an account of. (Note: a diagram or map may be part of a description.)

Determine To discover as a result of investigation.

Discuss To examine or to investigate by argument the various aspects of a statement.

Draw To show by means of a sketch.

Elaborate To write about something in depth, with much attention to the detail of the different parts making up the whole.

Estimate To make an approximate judgement or calculation.

Evaluate To make an appraisal or express an opinion concerning the value.

Examine To analyse and to discuss; to look at something carefully.

Explain To make clear or plain or to make sure that the reader understands what is being said.

Explore To comment on something in detail.

Flow chart/ Multi-flow map

A number of ideas which are linked together by means of a process.

Give/Provide To state or present the information.

Identify To give the essential characteristics of; to name.

Justify To prove or give reasons for decisions or conclusions, using logical argument.

Label To mark a diagram or sketch with simple information.

List To write an itemised series of concise statements; to present a list of names, facts, aspects or items.

Match To find the exact counterpart of another.

Mind Map A diagram showing how different components of a system or topic relate to one another.

Name To state something; to give; to mention.



Predict To say what is expected to happen; to foretell; to say in advance.

Select To choose; to pick out the correct answer from several alternatives.

State To present information or details plainly, directly and simply, without discussion.

Substantiate To support an answer with proof or evidence.

Suggest To propose an explanation or solution by way of a plan or suggestion.



SECTION A GEOGRAPHIC ISSUES COMPULSORY QUESTION FOR ALL CANDIDATES QUESTION 1 GEOGRAPHICAL CASE STUDY: EKURHULENI/

JOHANNESBURG, GAUTENG Study all the source material carefully.

FACT FILE: EKURHULENI

Ekurhuleni is the Tsonga name for 'place of peace'. This aerotropolis* is home to OR Tambo (ORT) International Airport, the busiest

airport on the continent and has shares in the Gautrain rapid-rail project. The Mixed-Use OR Tambo Precinct is founded on the Live-Work-Play principle. It is known as Africa's workshop because more than a third of all South Africa's

machinery is produced here. The Albertina Sisulu Corridor (SDI) provides the ideal import/export environment.

[Source: Investing in Ekurhuleni, published by the Ekurhuleni Directorate] * An aerotropolis is a type of urban form comprising aviation, intense business and related enterprises that develop around an airport. 1.1 Geographical and Map Skills

Table 1: A travel time matrix from OR Tambo International Airport (ORT Station) to Park Station, Johannesburg, Sandton Station and Pretoria Station (Numbers indicate journey times in minutes)

OR

T S

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Par

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(J

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Pre

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ORT Station Gautrain 22* 31* 14

Road 32 39 44

Park Station (Johannesburg)

Gautrain 36* 8

Road 62 26

Pretoria Station Gautrain 28

Road 53 [Source: AfriSpatial]

key: time (minutes) * transfer time between lines not considered

[Source: <www.gautrain.co.za>]



1.1.1 Name the FOUR provinces that border Gauteng. (4) 1.1.2 Using Table 1 (page 4), determine the time (minutes) it takes from

ORT station, using the Gautrain, to the following stations:

(a) Sandton (1) (b) Park (1)

1.1.3 Compare and explain the difference in time taken from

ORT Station to Sandton Station using the Gautrain and driving by road. (4)

1.1.4 Suggest why a travel time matrix such as the one in Table 1 is useful

to international travellers landing at ORT International Airport. (2) 1.2 Climate and weather: Urban microclimates and urban settlements: sustainable

strategies in urban areas

Figure 1: The Johannesburg urban profile showing the heat island for a typical summer's day

[Source: Examiner's photograph]

1.2.1 Define an urban heat island. (2) 1.2.2 List FOUR climatic factors that cause an urban heat island. (8) 1.2.3 Using Figure 1 as a guide, redraw and annotate the Johannesburg heat

island that would occur on a typical winter's day. (6) 1.2.4 Predict how the consequences of the Johannesburg heat island could

interfere with flights at OR Tambo International airport nearby. (4)



1.2.5 Refer to the Fact File below:

Fact File: Johannesburg's Urban Forest Green space accounts for 75% of

Gauteng's total area. Green spaces include rooftop gardens,

parks, food gardens and planted trees. Urban forests and green spaces purify the

air and water, regulate storm water, provide food and create jobs.

A rooftop garden in Rosebank, Gauteng [Source: Examiner's photograph] [Source: <http://www.gcro.ac.za>]

Compile a flow chart to explain how urban forests and green spaces reduce the impact of the urban heat island effect for Ekurhuleni/Johannesburg. Mention at least FOUR aspects. Use the structure below as a guide:

(8)

16.1% of 164 458 hectares

covered by trees

stores 5.3 million metric tonnes of carbon

equivalent to R786 million (approximate values as at May 2010)

Johannesburg's urban forest

How urban forests and green spaces reduce the impact of the urban heat

island effect



1.3 Fluvial processes

Figures 2A and B: Hydrological cycles in rural (A) and urban (B) areas

[Adapted from: Environmental Science Society]

1.3.1 Refer to Figures 2A and B and state if the following sentences are TRUE or

FALSE. If FALSE, write out the correct statement.

(a) The base flow in an urban environment is less than in a rural environment.

(b) Impermeable surfaces in urban areas result in higher infiltration. (c) The water table will be lower in Figure 2A than Figure 2B. (d) Despite the evaporation generally being less in urban areas, these

areas experience more convection thunderstorms. (8)

1.3.2 Draw a clearly labelled flood hydrograph for an urban area (for example Figure 2B). Clearly label the following: Discharge Rainfall Lag time Flood peak (6)

1.3.3 Comment on how the Ekurhuleni/Johannesburg municipality can reduce

the impact of increased discharge in urban rivers and floods. (6) 1.4 People and Places: Settlement and Economy

Study Figure 3 (page i of the Insert) and the Ekurhuleni Fact File on page 4.

1.4.1 Explain what the following terms mean:

(a) Industrial Park (2) (b) Mixed-Use (2)

(c) Airport Edge City (2)



1.4.2 Refer to Figure 3 on page i of the Insert and the Fact File on page 4.

In a global economy there is a requirement for agility and speed to move high value goods and goods that are time dependent. Over one-third of the value of world trade already goes by air and world air cargo traffic is expected to more than triple by 2029.

[Source: OR Tambo Precinct and Aerotropolis Facts]

Write an essay of 121 to 2 pages where you examine the impacts of the

Ekurhuleni Aerotropolis on the following: Urban settlement in the surrounding area Infrastructure development in the surrounding area The economy in the surrounding area (20)

1.5 People and their needs: Economic activities

Figure 4: The percentage breakdown spent on infrastructure in Gauteng (2012)

[Source: Gauteng City Regional Vignettes 2012]

1.5.1 Define the term infrastructure. (2)

1.5.2 Estimate (in Rands) how much of the infrastructure budget for 2012 in Gauteng was spent on local government and housing. (2)

1.5.3 Classify which economic sector health falls under. (2)

1.5.4 Other infrastructure makes up 2,74% of the budget. Suggest TWO other examples of other infrastructure (not mentioned in Figure 4). (2)

1.5.5 Photograph 1 on page i of the Insert shows a photograph of an e-toll* plaza on the freeway from ORT International Airport to Johannesburg.

(a) Explain the purpose of 'e-tolling'. (2)

(b) Identify ONE advantage and ONE disadvantage of implementing 'e-tolling' on Gauteng's freeways. (4)

An e-toll* is a fee motorists are charged to make use of the freeway. This fee is billed electronically.

100 marks

END OF COMPULSORY QUESTION

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SECTION B NATURAL ENVIRONMENTS Answer EITHER Question 2 OR Question 3. QUESTION 2 GLOBAL CIRCULATION, SYNOPTIC WEATHER MAP,

FLUVIAL AND SLOPE GEOMORPHOLOGY 2.1 Global circulation

Refer to Photograph 2, a global satellite image, on page ii of the Insert. Various options are given as possible answers to the following questions. Select the most appropriate answer from the list. Write down only the question number and the correct answer. For example: 2.1.1 – A.

2.1.1 The line indicated by A is the …

A Greenwich meridian B Equator C Tropic of Cancer D Tropic of Capricorn (2)

2.1.2 The circulatory feature indicated by the cloud mass at B is a …

A coastal low B hurricane C mid-latitude cyclone D tropical cyclone (2)

2.1.3 The air in system B is circulating in a/an … direction.

A anticlockwise B clockwise C easterly D south easterly (2)

2.1.4 The force known for influencing circulation in feature B is known as …

A Coriolis B centripetal C gravity D pressure gradient (2)

2.1.5 The pressure belt indicated by C is the …

A Polar low B Polar high C Subtropical high D Tropical low (2)

2.1.6 Travelling disturbances labelled D are known as …

A coastal lows B tropical cyclones C typhoons D mid-latitude cyclones (2)



2.2 Synoptic weather map analysis

Study Figure 5, a synoptic weather map for 2012-07-06 and read the extract below.

Weather advisory

The South African Weather Service warns of weather conditions which are set to become extreme this weekend. The cold front will bring showers to the Western and Northern Cape. Rough seas with four to five metre swells are expected along the Cape south coast. Snow is likely over the mountains of the Western and Eastern Cape as well as the interior. The cold weather will affect Northern Cape, Free State and southern KwaZulu-Natal as the system continues its eastward movement.

[Source: Media Release SAWS, 6 July 2012] Figure 5: A synoptic weather map for 2012-07-06

[Source: SAWS]



2.2.1 (a) Identify the pressure cells labelled A and B. (4)

(b) Identify synoptic feature labelled C. (2)

2.2.2 Account for the strong winds along the southern Cape coast, for example at Port Elizabeth on 2012-07-06. (4)

2.2.3 The weather station at Kroonstad (K) records the following information:

State if the following statements about Kroonstad are TRUE or FALSE. If FALSE, write out the correct sentence.

(a) The air temperature is –1 °C (b) The cloud cover is overcast (c) The wind speed is 10 km/h (d) The wind direction is north westerly (e) Kroonstad is an automated weather station (8)

2.2.4 Compile a simple weather advisory in the form of an annotated sketch

map, as feature C (see Figure 5 on page 10) passes over the country.

Your sketch map advisory should indicate: Where the severe weather will be experienced. What kind of severe weather will be experienced. Precautions the various people who experience such weather should

take against, for example, the effects of the weather on farmers, road users and shipping. (12)

Hint: You can trace the outline of the country onto your Answer Book from Figure 5.

2.3 Fluvial and slope geomorphology

Study Photograph 3 on page ii of the Insert.

2.3.1 Select the correct underlined terms in each of the following sentences. Write down only the question number (a) to (e) and the correct term(s) in your Answer Book.

(a) The point where two rivers meet is called a confluence point/

meander scar/node. (2)

(b) A river that only flows after a heavy rainstorm is exotic/episodic/ perennial. (2)

(c) The water table of such a river (Question 2.3.1 (b)) is found close to the surface/deep beneath the surface/on the surface. (2)

(d) The climate of the area shown in Photograph 3 (Insert) is arid/humid/ tropical. (2)

(e) Photograph 3 (Insert) is a/an oblique/satellite/vertical photograph. (2)

18

–1



2.3.2 (a) Identify the slope elements labelled P, Q and R in Photograph 3 (Insert). (6)

(b) In the area labelled S on Photograph 3 (Insert), there is evidence of

mass wasting. Explain how the debris cone (waste material) formed at T. (4)

2.3.3 (a) Draw a sketch cross section across the river valley from U to P in

Photograph 3 (Insert). Label the floodplain and the river. (6)

(b) Identify and label where soil creep and rockfalls are likely to occur on the cross section drawn for Question 2.3.3 (a) above. (4)

(c) Account for the fact that the valley shape is asymmetrical. (4)

2.3.4 The sketches (X, Y and Z) in Figure 6 below show typical hydrographs after

a rainstorm.

Figure 6: Typical hydrographs after a rainstorm

(a) Select the hydrograph (X, Y and Z) which best represents the discharge in the river valley shown in Photograph 3 (Insert) after a heavy rainstorm. (2)

(b) Justify your answer to Question 2.3.4 (a) above. (2)



2.4 The Breë River catchment area

Read the Fact File on the Theewaterskloof Dam. Photograph 4 below shows the siphon* that takes off water fed by gravity flow to Cape Town. Study Figure 7 below, which shows the location of the dam in the Breë River Catchment area.

Fact File

Theewaterskloof is the largest dam in the Western Cape and the 7th largest dam in South Africa.

It supplies water to Cape Town. The Theewaterskloof dam is linked to

Franschhoek's Berg River dam by an 18 kilometre tunnel through the Franschhoek mountains. When there is excess water in the Berg River dam it can be pumped into the Theewaterskloof dam which has a bigger storage capacity than the Berg River Dam.

The dam has a capacity of 480 250 million cubic metres of water when full.

Photograph 4

Siphon in Theewaterskloof Dam

*siphon – a pipe that allows water to flow from the dam over [Source: <www.toursincapetown.com>] the watershed by gravity alone Figure 7: Breë River catchment area Note: The Breë River is also called the Breede River

[Source: AfriSpatial]

2.4.1 Define the 'catchment area' of a river system. (2) 2.4.2 Draw a well-labelled longitudinal profile of the river from A to B (Figure 7). (6)

Theewaterskloof Dam

Sonderend River

Breë River

INDIAN OCEAN

Breë River catchment area

A

B



2.4.3 Table 2 below shows the water levels in the Theewaterskloof Dam over the past five years. Because the sizes of dams vary, the best indicator of dam level is the overall percentage stored compared to the total dam capacity.

Table 2: Water levels in the Theewaterskloof Dam (2008 – 2012)

Theewaterskloof Dam Capacity

(megalitres)2008 2009 2010 2011

2012 (Dec)

2012 (Aug)

Total dam capacity 480 250 96.2% 95.3% 82.4% 76.1% 91.3% 71.6%

Overall percentage storage of Western Cape Dams

898 300 93.9% 94.2% 84.9% 79.1% 89.8% –

[Source: <www.capewatersolutions.co.za>]

(a) What percentage of the total storage capacity of Western Cape dams does the Theewaterskloof Dam hold? (2)

(b) Suggest ONE reason why the Theewaterskloof Dam is located

where it is. (2) (c) State ONE reason for the difference in the August and December

2012 total dam capacity for the Theewaterskloof Dam. (2) (d) Examine the importance of long-term water catchment management

in meeting the water demands of expanding urban areas. (6)

100 marks

OR QUESTION 3



SECTION B NATURAL ENVIRONMENTS QUESTION 3 TROPICAL CYCLONES, MICROCLIMATES, FLUVIAL

GEOMORPHOLOGY, LANDFORMS AND MASS WASTING 3.1 Tropical cyclones

3.1.1 State if the following are TRUE or FALSE. If FALSE, write out the correct statement.

(a) Tropical cyclones usually occur on the eastern side of continents. (b) Tropical cyclones occur mainly in spring and early summer. (c) Tropical cyclones have the same pressure gradient as mid-latitude

cyclones. (d) Tropical cyclones in the southern hemisphere have the same wind

circulation as mid-latitude cyclones. (8)

Study Figure 8.

Figure 8: Simplified storm track for Hurricane Sandy, October 2012

[Source: <www.redcross.org.uk>]



3.1.2 Copy the table below into your Answer Book and complete the table by referring to Figure 8 on page 15 for information relating to Hurricane Sandy.

23 October 2012 25 October 2012 30 October 2012

Stage of development

Wind speed (6)

3.1.3 Draw and annotate a cross-section of Hurricane Sandy for 25th October 2012 when it was located over Cuba (Figure 8, page 15). (8)

3.1.4 Substantiate why Hurricane Sandy was downgraded to a tropical storm after 30th October 2012. (4)

3.1.5 Refer to the Fact File below and construct a flow chart/multi-flow map to analyse the causes and effects of Hurricane Sandy. Include the effects on society and on the economy of Cuba and the United States. (16)

Fact File: Hurricane Sandy – the perfect storm

Hurricane Sandy was bigger than Hurricanes Katrina and Rita, which tore into the US Gulf Coast in 2005.

Sandy is believed to have killed at least 183 people. The economic cost in the USA amounted to over $71 billion. In poorer countries such as Haiti and Cuba, the victims' needs were

far greater. 15 000 homes were destroyed in Cuba and 200 000 homes in Haiti.

Sandy also caused nearly 2.2 million power outages (8,3 million people were without power) and impacted 265 300 businesses in the USA.

[Source: <examiner.com>]

3.2 Microclimates in the countryside

Refer to Photograph 5 on page iii of the Insert.

3.2.1 Name the climatic feature evident in the valley shown in Photograph 5 (page iii of the Insert). (2)

3.2.2 Refer to Photograph 5 (Insert). Select the correct underlined word(s) to complete the sentences below. Write down only the letters (a – e) and the correct word(s) next to each letter.

(a) Photograph 5 (Insert) was taken in/at (the) early morning/mid-day/afternoon. (2)

(b) Anabatic/Katabatic/Berg winds resulted in this climatic condition. (2)

(c) The temperatures at the bottom of the valley are the same as/cooler than/warmer than the air temperature above. (2)

(d) This condition is more common in summer/autumn/winter/spring. (2)

(e) Valley/Upslope/Mountain winds are more likely to occur in the valley when Photograph 5 (Insert) was taken. (2)



3.3 Fluvial Geomorphology

Figure 9: A sample drainage basin

Refer to Figure 9.

3.3.1 Define the following terms:

(a) Watershed (boundary) (2) (b) Confluence (2) (c) Drainage basin (2)

3.3.2 The stream pattern in Figure 9 is dendritic. What does this tell us about the

underlying geology in the area? (4) 3.3.3 Classify the drainage density in Figure 9. (2) 3.3.4 Discuss TWO factors that determine the drainage density of a drainage

basin. (4)

3.4 Igneous landforms and mass wasting Study Photographs 6 and 7 on page iii of the Insert. 3.4.1 Identify the landforms in:

(a) Photograph 6 (2) (b) Photograph 7 (2)

3.4.2 Discuss the similarities between the two landforms. (4) 3.4.3 Demonstrate how the landform in photograph 7 was formed. Use labelled

diagrams to aid your answer. (6)

KEY watershed boundary

stream confluence



3.4.4 Study the headlines below from various news sites in 2012 and refer to Photograph 8 on page iii of the Insert:

At least eight dead in the Eastern Cape as flood wreaks havoc – 50 m deep hole in N2

R10 Million to make Sir Lowry's Pass, W Cape, safe for motorists Mountain Passes closed to traffic in the Karoo, W Cape

St Francis marooned again – Sand River Bridge washed away

(a) Name the type of mass wasting depicted in Photograph 8 (page iii of

the Insert). (2) (b) List TWO trigger mechanisms causing this type of mass wasting. (4) (c) Describe TWO measures the SA National Road Agency (SANRAL)

can use to prevent mass wasting along roads. (4) (d) Suggest how the floods in 2012 contributed to hazardous road

conditions across the country. (6)

100 marks



SECTION C HUMAN ENVIRONMENTS Answer ONE question from this section, EITHER Question 4 OR Question 5. QUESTION 4 PEOPLE AND PLACES, PEOPLE AND THEIR NEEDS 4.1 Terminology

Match the word(s) in Column A with the correct statement in Column B. Write ONLY the number and correct letter, for example 4.1.1 – A.

Column A Column B

4.1.1 Light industry A The modernisation of old houses in an urban area.

4.1.2 Balance of trade B

Those parts of the economy concerned with research, gathering and disseminating information and administration.

4.1.3 Break of bulk point C The uncontrolled process whereby urban areas expand into the surrounding rural areas.

4.1.4 Urban sprawl D Refers to the payment obligations that arise when a country exports or imports goods.

4.1.5 Counter urbanisation E A term used in urban planning to refer to the number of people inhabiting an urbanised area.

4.1.6 Land restitution F

Does not meet legal requirements, standards and procedures and the services and goods are sold informally without a license or business permit.

4.1.7 Densification G The place where one type of transport is replaced by another, usually at a harbour.

4.1.8 Quaternary sector H Secondary activities producing small bulk requiring small amounts of raw materials.

4.1.9 Informal sector I Secondary activities requiring large quantities of raw materials.

4.1.10 Gentrification J

To restore land or to compensate individuals or groups who were forced off their land during the colonial or apartheid periods.

K When people move back to rural areas to escape the city rush and lifestyle and the associated crime.

(20)



4.2 Rural issues

Study the satellite image of De Doorns (Photograph 9 on page iv of the Insert). Refer to Photographs 10 and 11 below which show various settlement and land-use features in the Hex River Valley. Read the Fact File on De Doorns.

Photograph 10: Looking down the Hex River Valley from the eastern side of De Doorns

Photograph 11: Informal settlements outside De Doorns

[Source: Examiner's photographs]

Fact File on De Doorns, Western Cape

The small town of De Doorns lies at the centre of the Hex River Valley, just off the N1, 32 km north-east of Worcester and 40 km south-west of Touwsrivier. It lies in the centre of a grape growing region, surrounded by 200 farms. The harvest season is from December to April. Many of the farm workers come in to do seasonal work. In 2013 farm workers went on strike over the minimum wage per day.

4.2.1 Select the correct underlined word(s) that correctly complete(s) each

statement.

Write only the question number and the correct word/s.

(a) De Doorns is a country town/hamlet/village. (2) (b) The settlement pattern along the Hex River is cobweb/crossroads/

linear. (2)

(c) Farming in the valley is intensive/extensive/pastoral. (2)

(d) Farms are located mainly on the free face/talus slope/floodplain. (2)

(e) Rainfall in the area occurs mainly in summer/throughout the year/ winter. (2)

4.2.2 (a) Describe TWO site factors that make the Hex River Valley an ideal

farming area. (4)

(b) Discuss TWO situation factors that make the valley accessible to farm labour. (4)



4.2.3 A large sprawling informal settlement area has developed alongside the N1 outside De Doorns. The area is marked A on Photograph 9 (page iv in the Insert). Photograph 11 (page 20) shows a snapshot of the settlements whilst travelling along the N1.

(a) Suggest TWO reasons why informal settlements have grown rapidly

in this area. (4)

(b) Discuss TWO problems the people living in these informal settlements experience. (4)

(c) Refer to the source material provided in Question 4.2. Using a mind

map, evaluate the factors that make farming in the area successful as well as the factors that hinder farming conditions. Use the suggested structure below as a guide. (12)

Factors contributing to farming in De Doorns

Positive factors

Negative factors



4.3 Urban renewal in South Africa

Over time, buildings and areas in a city can become rundown and unsuitable for modern use. The inner city area is particularly affected by this urban decay. Study the collage of pictures below showing various urban renewal projects around South Africa. Figure 10: Urban renewal in South Africa – several examples

Urban blight – Avalon Theatre in Fordsburg, Johannesburg

Invasion and succession in the transition zone, Pietermaritzburg

Gentrification at Durban Point Development Façadism and urban renewal at the Cape Quarter, Cape Town

[Source: Examiner's photographs]

Write an essay (approximately TWO pages) using the sub-headings below in which you discuss the following: The different ways in which urban renewal takes place, including change in

land-use function through invasion and succession, gentrification and façadism;

The impact these developments have on the city's economy; and The sustainability of these developments in South African cities.

Note: Refer to developments you are familiar with and/or those shown in the collage of photographs above. (20)



4.4 Industrial location – a case study

Study Figure 11, an advertisement calling for potential investors in the Cornubia Industrial Business Estate, near Umhlanga, KwaZulu Natal.

Figure 11: Advertisement for Cornubia Industrial Business Estate

Unlimited potential Limited availability

Prime industrial service land available from March 2013

Cornubia Industrial Business Estate is: strategically located 15 km from King Shaka

International Airport (KSIA). 5 km from Umhlanga Ridge (residential area) and

Gateway Shopping and Entertainment area/ precinct.

accessible to the N2, M41 and R102 motorways. a mixed land-use and mixed income

development, modelled on Johannesburg's Melrose Arch.

based on principles of sustainable development; higher densities, integration of income levels, amenities such as schools, hospitals and extensive open spaces and a bus rapid transport system (BRT).

Residential Fully subsidised housing, affordable, low-income housing as well as middle to high income bonded housing. Commercial Anchor tenants such as Makro, Builder's Warehouse and Pick n Pay hyperstores. Industrial Eco-friendly, light industrial zoning with a link to KSIA. Mixed-land use The development will offer a place to live, work, shop and play. A convenient environment within a secure setting. This new-urbanism trend has grown in popularity by those who value time, convenience and safety.

[Source: <www.cornubia.co.za>]



4.4.1 Explain the meaning of the following terms in the context of the case study on Cornubia Industrial Business Estate:

(a) Industrial business estate (2) (b) Sustainable development (2) (c) Anchor tenant (2) (d) New-urbanism (2)

4.4.2 Describe TWO factors that favour the location of this new mixed land-use

development, Cornubia. (4) 4.4.3 With reference to the advertisement in Figure 11 (page 23), argue that this

new development will be sustainable in the long term. (6) 4.4.4 Development does not happen without negative impacts on the environment.

Discuss TWO environmental factors that will be under pressure from a densely populated area such as Cornubia Industrial Business Estate. (4)

100 marks

OR QUESTION 5



SECTION C HUMAN ENVIRONMENTS QUESTION 5 PEOPLE AND PLACES, PEOPLE AND THEIR NEEDS 5.1 Rural Settlement in the Northern Cape

Study Photograph 12, a settlement in the Northern Cape (page iv of the Insert).

5.1.1 Select the correct underlined word(s) to complete the sentences below. Write down only the letters (a – e) and the correct word(s) next to each letter. Each statement refers to the settlement in Photograph 12 (Insert).

(a) The settlement pattern is nucleated/clustered/dispersed. (2) (b) According to the hierarchy of settlements, the settlement is a/an

isolated farmstead/hamlet/minor country service centre. (2) (c) The settlement is mainly involved in primary/secondary/tertiary

activities. (2) (d) The main function of this settlement is intensive/extensive/

subsistence farming. (2) (e) The settlement is typical of a dry point/wet point/gateway settlement. (2)

5.1.2 Using evidence from Photograph 12 (Insert), describe the site of this

settlement. (4) 5.1.3 Explore THREE disadvantages of living in the settlement in Photograph 12

(Insert). (6)



5.2 Reform and Land Restitution

Photograph 13: Billboard in District Six, Cape Town


5.2.1 Explain the process of land restitution. (4) 5.2.2 Elaborate how former apartheid policies influenced land use in South

African urban settlements. (4)

5.2.3 Write a 121 to 2 page essay where you evaluate TWO of the following

urban redevelopment strategies:

Inner city renewal Agenda 21 National Development Strategies Any other strategy you are familiar with to develop urban areas Note: Ensure you have used TWO of the above as sub-headings. (20)



5.3 Location of Economic Activities

'Gauteng Silicon' and the Innovation Hub The Innovation Hub in Pretoria, established in 2001, is Africa's first

internationally accredited science park. One of the aims of the NDP (National Development Plan) is to provide

broadband network infrastructure to support the quaternary sector of the economy.

'Gauteng Silicon', modelled on Silicon Valley in the United States of America is to be attached to the Innovation Hub to attract similar ICT industries and technology business incubation.

Its community has become a regional centre of innovation and knowledge creation, linked to the fast-moving world of globalisation.

The Innovation Hub has supported the growth of innovative companies across sectors such as ICT, Biosciences and Green Technologies.

[Source: <www.gapbiosciences.co.za>]

5.3.1 Define the following terms in the Fact File above:

(a) Quaternary sector (2) (b) Globalisation (2)

5.3.2 Geographers use the term functional magnetism to describe the trend when

similar economic activities group together. Give an example of how 'Gauteng Silicon' uses this concept. (2)

5.3.3 List TWO businesses in the quaternary sector that could be located in the

Innovation Hub. (4) 5.3.4 Comment on THREE factors of globalisation that affect local businesses in

a global market. (6)



5.4 Economic Sectors of South Africa's GDP

Table 3: Percentage contribution to South Africa's GDP (2012)

Economic sectors

W C

ape

N C

ap

e

Fre

e S

tate

E C

ape

KZ

N

Lim

po

po

Mp

um

alan

ga

No

rth

Wes

t

Gau

ten

g

SA

Mining 0,3 26,7 13,3 0,2 1,9 29,4 24,9 33,6 3,3 8,8

Agriculture 3,5 6,0 4,3 1,5 3,8 2,5 2,8 2,1 0,4 2,2

Manufacturing 11,8 2,1 8,5 12,2 15,8 2,5 11,5 4,4 13,5 11,5

Construction 4,3 1,6 2,0 2,1 3,0 2,5 3,3 2,6 4,3 3,4

Trade 17,0 9,9 12,3 14,7 15,5 10,8 10,3 9,3 14,2 13,8

Finance 26,6 11,6 14,2 18,6 16,5 14,0 10,9 11,1 22,8 19,1

[Source: SA Institute of Race Relations, Jan 2013]

5.4.1 Define Gross Domestic Product (GDP). (2)

5.4.2 Classify the economic sectors listed in Table 3 into these categories of the economy:

(a) Secondary (2)

(b) Tertiary (2)

5.4.3 According to Table 3, state which sector of the economy (primary, secondary or tertiary) makes the greatest contribution to SA's economy. (2)

5.4.4 Identify the province that contributes most to the following economic sectors:

(a) Trade (1)

(b) Mining (1)

5.4.5 Name TWO minerals mined in the province given in Question 5.4.4 (b). (4)

5.4.6 Explain what is meant by the following terms:

(a) Balance of trade (2)

(b) Trade surplus (2)

5.4.7 List TWO of South Africa's main trading partners that form part of BRICS. (2)

5.4.8 (a) Define the term beneficiation. (2)

(b) Construct a mind map to illustrate how beneficiation will help both the mining and trade components of South Africa's economy. (8)

(c) Suggest how the mining strike action of 2012 and 2013 affected South Africa's economy. (6)

100 marks

Total: 300 marks

NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE: GEOGRAPHY: PAPER I – INSERT Page i of iv


Figure 3: The Aerotropolis concept shows time-sensitive industries located close to the airport. Mixed-use development along access routes support this core – Question 1.4

[Adapted: Urban Green File, December 2012] Photograph 1: An e-toll plaza on the freeway from ORT International Airport to Johannesburg – Question 1.5.5


NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE: GEOGRAPHY: PAPER I – INSERT Page ii of iv


Photograph 2: A global satellite image – Question 2.1

[Source: Deutscher Wetterdienst (German Weather Service)] Photograph 3: A river valley in the Northern Cape – Question 2.3

[Photograph: C Raciborska]

A

B

D D D

C

C

P Q

R

U

S

T

NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE: GEOGRAPHY: PAPER I – INSERT Page iii of iv


Photograph 5: Piketberg Pass, W Cape – Question 3.2


Photograph 6: Igneous Landform – Question 3.4


Photograph 7: Igneous Landform – Question 3.4


Photograph 8: Road near Sutherland in the Karoo – Question 3.4.4


NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE: GEOGRAPHY: PAPER I – INSERT Page iv of iv


Photograph 9: A satellite image of De Doorns, Hex River Valley, Western Cape – Question 4.2

[Source: Google Earth] Photograph 12: A settlement in the Northern Cape – Question 5.1


A


NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE EXAMINATION NOVEMBER 2013

GEOGRAPHY: PAPER II

EXAMINATION NUMBER

Time: 1½ hours 100 marks PLEASE READ THE FOLLOWING INSTRUCTIONS CAREFULLY 1. Write your examination number in the appropriate blocks provided above. 2. This question paper consists of 16 pages and a colour Insert of 2 (i – ii) pages. Please check

that your paper is complete. 3. Read the questions carefully. 4. Answer ALL the questions in the spaces provided on the question paper. 5. Carefully study the 1:50 000 topographical map extract 2828CB CLARENS and

accompanying aerial photograph sheet (Photograph 1 and Photograph 2 on page i of the colour Insert) before answering the questions.

6. The topographic map has grid lines with markings A to I and 1 to 8 that may be used to

identify locations according to blocks. 7. The topographical map, aerial photograph sheet and your completed Answer Book must be

handed to the invigilator at the end of the examination. The maps and photographs may be retained by the school for future use.

8. On page 2 there is a glossary of words. This will help you understand what the words in

bold in the questions are asking you to do. There is also an English-Afrikaans translation of some words appearing on the map.

9. A magnifying glass and calculator may be used. 10. It is in your own interest to write legibly and to present your work neatly. 11. You may use the back page for rough work. No marks will be allocated to rough work.

Question 1 2 3 4 5 Total

Marks

NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE: GEOGRAPHY: PAPER II Page 2 of 16


Glossary of terms

WORD MEANING Calculate To work out the value of something using a mathematical method. Compare To point out or show both similarities and differences. Describe To say what something is like. Design To explain step-by-step a process or plan of action. Determine To discover as a result of investigation. Draw To show by means of a sketch or drawing. Explain To describe something so that it can be understood. Identify To give the details or characteristics of something. Indicate To show or mark in the position of something. List To write an itemised series of concise statements; to present a list of names, facts,

aspects or items. Name To state something; to give; to mention. Order To arrange according to a specific method or sequence. Suggest To put forward ideas, a plan or reasons. Translation of words

English to Afrikaans Border control post Grenspos Corner Hoek Farm Plaas Furrow Kanaal Marsh, swamp or wetland Vlei Mountain Berg River Rivier Road Pad



Location map: Location of Clarens in South Africa

A

B

A

B

Clarens

C D

The town of Clarens is situated in the foothills of the Maluti Mountains in close proximity to the Golden Gate National Park and the mountain kingdom of Lesotho. Clarens is an artist's haven with many well known artists who either live in or frequent the town on a regular basis. The village is surrounded with scenic views. The mild climate makes for the ideal weekend getaway for city dwellers from Johannesburg, Bloemfontein and Durban. These cities are all approximately 300 km from Clarens – a comfortable 3 to 4 hours drive away. The town is known as the 'Jewel of the Free State' – rich in beauty, with an aura of peace and tranquillity.

[Adapted from: <clarens.co.za>] QUESTION 1 Atlas use, map projections and map orientation and techniques 1.1 Refer to the location map above, as well as the topographical map extract to answer

the following questions. Tick the correct box.

1.1.1 The line of latitude marked A on the location map above is …

28o 25' S

28o 25' E

28o 31' E

28o 31' S (1) 1.1.2 The map projection used to produce the topographical map extract 2828CB

CLARENS is … Gauss Conform

Mercator

Peters

U T M (1)



1.1.3 The province labelled C on the location map (page 3) is …

Eastern Cape

Free State

Gauteng

KwaZulu-Natal (1)

1.1.4 The country labelled D on the location map (page 3) is …

Botswana

Lesotho

Mozambique

Swaziland (1)

1.1.5 The road distance (km) along the 712 on the 1:50 000 topographic map extract from the intersection of the roads 711 (A4) and 712 (A4) to Golden Gate is …

7.8 km

14 km

21.8 km

29.5 km (2)

1.1.6 The map reference of the topographic map sheet to the north-east of 2828CB CLARENS is …

2828AD

2828BC

2828CC

2828DA (2)



1.2 Map orientation and geographical techniques

Refer to the topographic map extract 2828CB CLARENS.

1.2.1 The true bearing of trigonometric beacon 175 (C3) from the trigonometric beacon 8 at Mount Horeb (A6) is …

45o

115o

235o

270o (2)

1.2.2 Cross section

(a) Draw a cross section from trigonometric beacon 175 (C3) to the trigonometric beacon 8 (A6), using the graph paper below. (6) Use a vertical interval of 1 cm = 100 m. Note: To assist you, use only the 100 m index contour lines.

(b) Indicate the position of the following on the above cross section: • road 711 • road 712 • purification plant (3)



(c) Describe the shape of the slope between road 712 and Mount Horeb (A6) on the cross section (page 5). Tick the correct description below.

Concave

Convex

Terraced

Vertical (2)

(d) Determine the vertical scale of the cross section drawn on page 5 as a representative fraction.

1: _____________________________ (2)

(e) Calculate the vertical exaggeration of the cross section drawn on

page 5. ___________________________________ times (4)

Calculations

[27]

Q1 subtotal



QUESTION 2 Climate and drainage of the area

2.1 Study Figure 1, a rainfall graph of Clarens.

Figure 1: Rainfall graph of Clarens

2.1.1 Calculate the approximate total annual rainfall (mm) for Clarens. __________________________________ mm (2) 2.1.2 Given the above rainfall data, suggest a reason why there are many non-

perennial rivers in the area.

• _________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________ (2)

2.2 Drainage of the area

Refer to the topographic map extract 2828CB CLARENS. 2.2.1 A drainage basin has been marked off on the map in blocks D5-6, E5-6 and

F5-7. This area falls on the farm Schaapplaats 1785. (a) Identify the stream pattern found in this basin.

_______________________________________________________ (2)

(b) Describe the shape of the basin.

_______________________________________________________ (2)



2.2.2 The sketch below (Figure 2) is a copy of the streams in the drainage basin (Question 2.2.1). Note the drawing has been enlarged.

Figure 2: Drainage basin

(a) Order the streams in the marked drainage basin (up to the

confluence point with the Little Caledon River) on Figure 2. Complete the table below to show the number of tributaries for each stream order.

Stream order 1 2 3 4

Number of tributaries on Figure 2

(4) (b) Explain the relationship between the stream order and the number of

tributaries for each order.

_______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ (2)

Little Caledon River

Key: Direction of flow



(c) The owners of the farm Dunblane (B1, C2) have planned their water resources effectively. Suggest how the owner of Schaapplaats (E5-6) could sustainably use and manage water resources on their farm.

• ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ • ___________________________________________________

___________________________________________________ (4) [18]

Q2 subtotal



QUESTION 3 Settlement patterns 3.1 Refer to the topographic map extract 2828CB Clarens. Tick the correct answer. 3.1.1 Farms Mombasa in I2 and Braamhoek in G8 are … rural settlements.

Circular

Clustered

Dispersed

Nucleated (2) 3.1.2 According to the urban hierarchy, Clarens is classified as a …

City

Hamlet

Metropolitan area

Minor country town (2)

3.1.3 Applying central place theory to the settlement of Clarens, one could say that Clarens offers …

A large population

No low order goods and services

Mainly high order goods and services

Mainly lower order goods and services (2) 3.2 Refer to aerial Photograph 1 (colour Insert) and the topographic map extract. The

area shown in Photograph 1 has been marked off on the topographic extract in green and labelled Photograph 1.

(a) Name the pink/red boundary line which follows the Caledon River. _____________________________________________________________ (1)



(b) Compare the settlement patterns and land use north and south of the Caledon River on Photograph 1 and the topographic map extract, by completing the table below.

Compare North of the Caledon River South of the Caledon River

Settlement patterns

_______________________ _______________________ _______________________ _______________________

(2)

_______________________ _______________________ _______________________ _______________________

(2)

Density of settlements

_______________________ _______________________ _______________________ _______________________

(2)

_______________________ _______________________ _______________________ _______________________

(2)

Location of the farmland (fields)

_______________________ _______________________ _______________________ _______________________

(2)

_______________________ _______________________ _______________________ _______________________

(2)

Sustainability of farming in the area

_______________________ _______________________ _______________________ _______________________

(2)

_______________________ _______________________ _______________________ _______________________

(2)

(16) [23]

Q3 subtotal



QUESTION 4 Developments in the area

4.1 Study aerial Photograph 2 (Insert) which shows the area in A4 and A5 on the topographic map extract. Refer to the topographic map extract and Photograph 2. A new Trout and Golf Estate is located in the area labelled T (Photograph 2) (Block A4 on the topographic map extract). 4.1.1 Describe the site and situation of the new Trout and Golf Estate.

Site: _________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________

Situation: _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ (4) 4.1.2 Another new estate development is being built in the area labelled U

(Photograph 2) (A5 on the topographic map extract).

(a) Suggest ONE reason why the owners of the farm Bethel (A5) sold off a portion of their land for this new development.

• ___________________________________________________

___________________________________________________ (2)

(b) List ONE advantage and ONE disadvantage of the location of this

new estate development (U).

Advantage Disadvantage

• _______________________

_______________________ _______________________ _______________________ _______________________

• _______________________

_______________________

_______________________ _______________________ _______________________

(4)



4.1.3 A number of different GIS maps for Clarens are shown in Figure 3 (A – C) together with a key (Figure 3D). Figure 3 is also found on page ii of the colour Insert.

Figure 3A Clarens: Roads and rivers Figure 3B Clarens: Land use Figure 3C Clarens: Buffer zones Figure 3D Clarens: Key along rivers

Figure 3 (A – D): Different GIS maps for Clarens

(a) With reference to Figures 3 (A – C), explain the GIS concept of overlaying.

_______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ (2)

(b) Identify the main street pattern of Clarens in Figure 3B.

_______________________________________________________ (2)

S S



(c) Identify the type of symbol used in a GIS with reference to Figures 3 (A – C). Complete the table below by placing a tick in the correct box, indicating the type of symbol used in a GIS for the features listed below. Refer to the land use key (Figure 3D).

Symbol Roads School (S) Land parcels – land use

Point

Line

Polygon (area)

(6) [20]

Q4 subtotal

QUESTION 5 Economic Activities Design an information page for a tourism website for Clarens. Include information on location, climate, activities and where to stay. Use the template on the following page. [12]

Q5 subtotal



CLARENS TOURISM INFORMATION Back to HOME PAGE

Location (include a sketch map)

Map to find Clarens

(3)

GPS co-ordinates

(1)

Climate

•

(2)

Activities

• •

(4)

Where to stay

•

(2)

Total: 100 marks



Rough work (Not for marks)

NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE: GEOGRAPHY: PAPER II – INSERT Page i of ii


Photograph 1: Question 3.2 Aerial photograph (Blocks G6 – 8 and H6 – 8 on topographic map)

Photograph 2: Question 4.1 Aerial photograph (Blocks A4 – A5 on topographic map)

NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE: GEOGRAPHY: PAPER II – INSERT Page ii of ii


Question 4.1.3 GIS maps: Clarens Figure 3A Clarens: Roads and rivers Figure 3B Clarens: Land use

Figure 3C Clarens: Buffer zones Figure 3D Clarens: Key along rivers Figure 3 (A-D): Different GIS maps for Clarens

S S

Documents

NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE EXAMINATION · PDF fileNATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE: GEOGRAPHY: PAPER I Page 8 of 28 IEB Copyright © 2013 1.4.2 Refer to Figure 3 on page i of the Insert