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NATIONAL RESIDUE CONTROL PLAN REPORT 2016
Background on the National Residue Control Plan
1. Under EU legislation (Council Directive 96/23/EC1), each member state is required to
implement a residue monitoring plan and to submit their programmes annually to the
European Commission for approval. Ireland’s National Residue Control Programme
(NRCP) for 2016 was approved by the European Commission. Third Countries wishing to
export animal products to the EU are similarly required to satisfy the European Commission
that their legislation, controls and residue surveillance measures provide equivalent
guarantees for EU consumers.
2. The national legal basis for the NRCP is provided for in the European Communities
(Control of Animal Remedies and their Residues) Regulations 2009.
3. The scope of testing under the NRCP is very comprehensive, covering all 8 food producing
species and milk, eggs and honey and 18 distinct residue groups (each residue group is, in
turn, comprised of a number of sub-groups). These residue-groups fall into four broad
categories: banned substances, such as growth-promoting hormones; authorised veterinary
medicines; approved animal feed additives and environmental contaminants.
Implementation of the NRCP involves taking samples from food producing species at farm
and primary processing/packing levels. This strategic approach reflects current scientific and
analytical advice designed to maximise the effectiveness of the testing regime by sampling
the most appropriate matrix for each substance.
4. Most samples (c. 85%) are taken in accordance with criteria designed to target animals or
products that are more likely to contain illegal residues (‘targeted sampling’). The results
also reflect the outcome of sampling conducted in specific cases where the presence of
illegal residues was suspected (‘suspect sampling’) by Department or Local Authority
inspectors. This can arise, for example, on the basis of the ante or post-mortem
examinations of animals at slaughterhouses, or the previous history of the supplier of
animals or animal products. In such cases, the animals/products concerned are withheld
from the food chain, pending the outcome of the analysis. In the event of a positive result
from routine targeted samples, where animals/products are not detained, food is withdrawn
1 Council Directive 96/23/EC on measures to monitor certain substances and residues thereof in live animals and animal products and
repealing Directives 85/358/EEC and 86/469/EEC and Decisions 89/187/EC and 91/664/EEC
or recalled from the market, if deemed necessary in the interests of public health following a
risk assessment.
5. All positive results lead to a follow-up investigation at the farm of origin. This inspection
involves not just an examination of the cause of the particular breach, but also a general
review of the arrangements in place on the farm in relation to veterinary medicines,
including record-keeping. Follow-up measures are taken, including, where appropriate,
restriction of farms and application of the appropriate penalty to the farmer’s Single
Payment arising from Cross-Compliance requirements. Positive results also usually result
in an increased level of residue monitoring for the supplier concerned.
6. Samples are analysed at officially approved laboratories holding accreditation to the
International Standard (ISO 17025) and incorporating current analytical technology. The
laboratory network continuously engages in research and development of analytical
methodologies in line with scientific developments under the guidance of the EU reference
laboratories. This ensures improvement in analytical capability with a view to meeting
current and future requirements towards enhancement of consumer protection. The fruits of
this work are evidenced by the fact that laboratories are now capable of detecting residues at
extremely low levels.
7. In addition to official testing carried out by the Department of Agriculture, Food and the
Marine (the Department) and Local Authorities, primary processors in the red and white
meat sectors and the milk sector are required to carry out residue testing under legislation
put in place in 1998. Processors are required to submit annual residue monitoring plans to
the Department for approval. Under this regime, processors are required to apply a
progressively increasing scale of testing to suppliers of residue positive animals or milk.
Outcome of 2016 official testing
8. In 2016, a total of 19,250 samples were taken from all 8 food producing species, as well
as from milk, eggs and honey. The overall level of non-compliance across all substances
was 40, or 0.2%. The comparable level for 2015 was 0.18% (33/19,439) and for 2014
was 0.22% (42/19,095).
9. An overview of the distribution of sampling across species/products and residue groups is
provided in Appendix 1. An overview of all positives results is provided in Appendix 2,
while more detailed information on these positives is given in Appendix 3.
10. The Department has a particular focus on laboratory findings that indicate a potential use
of banned substances i.e. hormones or other growth promoters prohibited under the EU
Hormone Ban (Directive 92/22/EC2) or otherwise banned on public health grounds (Table
2 to Commission Regulation 37/2010). In the course of the 2016 NRCP, a target sample
from a bovine animal on farm was found to contain Clenbuterol (a beta agonist covered by
the EU Hormone ban on growth promoters). Twenty-seven other animals on the farm
concerned were tested in the course of the investigation, during which the farm was
restricted. All twenty-seven samples proved positive for the presence of Clenbuterol.
Subsequently, these twenty-seven animals were destroyed by the Department in line with
Regulation 18 of SI 183 of 2009 (European Communities (Control of Animal Remedies
and their Residues) Regulations 2009). While the evidence suggests that the finding of the
illegal growth promoter, was an isolated incident, the Department initiated increased
surveillance, which included an increased level of focussed testing at farm level. This
involved supplementing the existing sampling programme by an additional number of
samples. No further Clenbuterol positives have been detected in the interim.
11. In 2016, the substance, Thiouracil, which may indicate the potential use of growth
promoters covered by the EU Hormone Ban, was detected in 8 animals in the bovine and
ovine sector. The Department’s investigations concluded that no illegal administration had
taken place. Current national and EU scientific evidence is that given the very low levels
found, it is recognised that they are most likely attributable to natural/environmental or
dietary factors, and as a consequence, there is no risk to public health.
12. Residues of authorised veterinary medicines in excess of thresholds set for the major food-
producing species under EU legislation (Maximum Residue Limits set under Commission
Regulation 37/2010) were found in a total of 19 samples. In the case of antibiotic
medicines, where testing continues at levels well in excess of those required by EU
obligations, the overall positive level across all species in 2016 was 0.2% (i.e. 9 non-
compliant results out of 8,118 samples). In the case of 3 of the animals involved, each
2 Council Directive 96/22/EC concerning the prohibition on the use in stock-farming of certain substances having a hormonal or
thyrostatic action and of beta-agonists, and repealing Directives 81/602/EEC, 88/146/EEC and 88/299/EEC
carcase (bovine, ovine and porcine) had been detained on suspicion by Department
veterinary inspectors in slaughter plants and were excluded from the food chain on foot of
the analytical results. In the other cases (one bovine, one porcine, one ovine, three equine),
a risk assessment concluded that there was no need to recall food from the market. In the
bovine, ovine, porcine, equine and milk sectors, 17 samples contained residues of
anthelmintics (medicines for the control and treatment of parasites) which indicated that
specified post-treatment withdrawal periods had not been observed. Risk assessments
conducted in the 17 cases did not indicate an unacceptable risk to consumer health and
therefore it was not necessary to recall the product.
13. In the aquaculture sector, the Sea Fisheries Protection Authority (SFPA), in conjunction
with the Department with support from the Marine Institute (MI), are responsible for
residue controls on farmed finfish under the national residue-monitoring plan. In 2016, in
excess of 691 tests and a total of 1,933 determinants were carried out on 126 samples of
farmed finfish for a range of residues. All 2016 samples were compliant with the
exception of two harvest samples from one farm which were found to have oxy-
tetracycline (Group B1- antibacterial substance) present. An investigation took place at
the processing plant and at farm level. The investigation included examination of
medicines on farm, animal remedies on farm, animal remedies records on farm and feed
records on farm. Distribution records were examined at the processing plant. All records
at the farm and processing plant were in order and in compliance with legislation;
however the outcome of the on farm investigation was inconclusive. Both investigations
have now been closed. Overall, the outcome for aquaculture remains one of consistently
low occurrence of residues in farmed finfish, with 0% non-compliant target residue results
for the period 2006-2014, with a slight increase to 0.11% in 2015 and 0.10% in 2016.
14. Separate from the NRCP and in order to monitor conformity with Community legislation,
products of animal origin entering the EU through Ireland are subject to sampling and
analysis for residues. Tests are carried out under monitoring plans or on suspicion of an
irregularity. In 2016, 99 samples were taken from consignments imported directly into
Ireland from countries outside the EU/EEA. No positive sample was identified.
APPENDIX 1
RESULTS OF DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, FOOD & THE MARINE
RESIDUE MONITORING PROGRAMME FOR_2016
Group A Prohibited Substances Substance Bovine Pigs Sheep/Goats Poultry Milk Horses Aquaculture Eggs Farm Game Wild Game Honey
Num. Pos. Num. Pos. Num. Pos. Num. Pos. Num. Pos. Num. Pos. Num. Pos. Num. Pos. Num. Pos. Num. Pos. Num. Pos.
A1 235 - 43 - 18 - 74 -
- -
5 -
- -
- -
2 -
- -
- -
A2 235 6 36 - 18 2 17 -
-
-
4 -
- -
- -
1 -
- -
- -
A3 1657 - 246 - 95 - 48 -
47 -
23 -
43 -
- -
2 -
- -
- -
A4 286 - 71 - 44 - 80 -
- -
3 -
- -
- -
2 -
- -
- -
A5 1315 1 113 - 80 - 74 -
- -
15 -
-
-
- -
6 -
- -
- -
A6 743 1 222 - 125 - 236 -
81 -
18 -
43 -
86 -
6 -
- -
25 -
Total No.
Analyses
4471 8 731 - 380 2 529 -
128 -
68 -
86 -
86 -
19 -
- -
25 -
Group B - Veterinary Drugs and Contaminants
B 1 – Antibacterial Substances
Substance Bovine Pigs Sheep/Goats Poultry Milk Horses Aquaculture Eggs Farm Game Wild Game Honey
Num. Pos. Num. Pos. Num. Pos. Num. Pos. Num. Pos. Num. Pos. Num. Pos. Num. Pos. Num. Pos. Num. Pos. Num. Pos.
B1 4375 3 1840 1 839 2 387 - 344 0 123 3 102 2 153 - 27 - - - 30 0
B 2 - Other Veterinary Drugs
Substance Bovine Pigs Sheep/Goats Poultry Milk Horses Aquaculture Eggs Farm Game Wild Game Honey
Num. Pos. Num. Pos. Num. Pos. Num. Pos. Num. Pos. Num. Pos. Num. Pos. Num. Pos. Num. Pos. Num. Pos. Num. Pos.
B2a 508 1 91 1 297 11 76 - 338 2 30 2 92 - - - 16 - - - - -
B2b 79 - 12 - 58 - 212 0 - - 4 - - - 48 -
10 - - - - -
B2c 83 - 24 - 45 -
45
1 - - 13 - 92 - 5 - 8 - - - 20 -
B2d 23 - 31 - 10 - - - - - 25 - - - - - - - - - - -
B2e 131 - 63 - 40 - 22 -
81
- 140 - - - - - 4 - - - - -
B2f 70 - 151 - 28 - - -
77
- 20 -
101 - - - - - - - - -
Total No.
Analyses
894 1 372 1 478 11 355 1 496 2 232 2 285 - 53 - 38 - - - 20 -
B 3 - Other Substances and Environmental Contaminants
Substance Bovine Pigs Sheep/Goats Poultry Milk Horses Aquaculture Eggs Farm Game Wild Game Honey
Num. Pos. Num. Pos. Num. Pos. Num. Pos. Num. Pos. Num. Pos. Num. Pos. Num. Pos. Num. Pos. Num. Pos. Num. Pos.
B3a 131 - 80 - 96 - 33 - 83 1 28 - 29 - 26 - 12 - - - 10 -
B3b 119 - 60 - 86 - 25 - 83 - 8 - - - 11 - 12 - - - 10 -
B3c 121 - 41 - 62 - 59 - 71 - 10 - 10 - - - 29 - 95 0 20 0
B3d 34 - 17 - 14 - 25 - 105 - 5 - 6 - - - - - - - - -
B3e - - - - - - - - - - - - 59 - - - - - - - - -
Total No.
Analyses
405 - 198 - 258 - 142 - 342 1 51 - 104 - 37 - 53 - 95 0 40 0
OVERALL RESULT - TOTAL GROUP A + GROUP B
Substance Bovine Pigs Sheep/Goats Poultry Milk Horses Aquaculture Eggs Farm Game Wild Game Honey
Num. Pos. Num. Pos. Num. Pos. Num. Pos. Num. Pos. Num. Pos. Num. Pos. Num. Pos. Num. Pos. Num. Pos. Num. Pos.
Overall
Total
Analyses
10145
12
3141
2
1955
15
1413
1
1310
3
474
5
577
2
329
-
137
0
95
0
115
0
Notes
(a) See over for key to each substance sub-group
(b) Results are from routine targeted and on suspicion testing
(c) Results reflect testing at primary processing plants and, where appropriate, on farm. (d) It is not mandatory to test for all substances in every species/product
(e) In the case of aquaculture, 128 fish were tested in total.
Group A – (Prohibited Substances) Substances having anabolic effect and unauthorised substances
A1 - Stilbenes, stilbene derivatives, and their salts and esters
A2 - Antithyroid agents
A3 - Steroids
A4 - Resorcylic acid lactones including zeranol
A5 - Beta-agonists
A6 - Compounds included in Annex IV to Council Regulation (EEC) No. 2377/90 of 26 June 1990 (i.e. for which no maximum residue
level could be set).
Group B - Veterinary drugs and contaminants
B1- Antibacterial substances, including sulphonamides, quinolones
B2 - Other veterinary drugs
B2a Anthelmintics
B2b Anticoccidials
B2c Carbamates and pyrethroids
B2d Sedatives
B2e Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)
B2f Other pharmacologically active substances
B3 - Other substances and environmental contaminants
B3a Organochlorine compounds
B3b Organophosphorus compounds
B3c Chemical elements
B3d Mycotoxins
B3e Others
Appendix 2: Details of Non-compliant Results
Species/
Animal
produce
Total No.
Of
Samples*
Total No. of
Non-compliant
samples*
Substance
Farmed Fish 136 2 2 Antibiotics (2 oxy-tetracycline)
Bovine 10145 12 3 Antibiotics (1 marbofloxacin, 1 sulfadiazine, 1 sulfadiazine & trimethroprim)
1 Anthelmintic (1 levamisole)
6 Thyrostats3 (6 thiouracil)
1 Nitrofuran (1 nitrofurazone as SEM)
1 Beta Agonists (1 clenbuterol)
Eggs 329 0 N/A
Equine 474 5 2 Anthelmintics (1 closantel, 1 oxyclozanide)
3 Antibiotics (marbofloxacin)
Farmed Game
(Deer)
137 0 N/A
Honey 115 0 N/A
Milk 1310 3 2 Anthelmintics (2 ivermectin)
1 Organochlorine compounds including PCB’s (1MCPA, mecoprop & 2, 4-D)
Ovine/Caprine 1955 15 11 Anthelmintics (8 closantel, 1 fenbendazole & rafoxanide, 1 levamisole, 1 rafoxanide).
2 Antibiotic (2 oxytetracycline)
2 Thyrostats (2 thiouracil)
Porcine 3141 2 1 Antibiotic (1 chlortetracycline).
1 Anthelmintic (1 closantel)
Poultry 1413 1 1 Pyrethroid (1 flumethrin)
Wild Game
(Deer/Birds)
95 0 N/A
Total: 19250 40
*Numbers relate to samples taken on a routine targeted basis and on suspicion, including follow-up investigations.
3 The Department’s investigations concluded that no illegal administration had taken place. Current national and EU scientific evidence is that given the very low levels found, it is
recognised that they are most likely attributable to natural/environmental or dietary factors, and as a consequence, there is no risk to public health.
Appendix 3
FOLLOW-UP ACTIONS FOR NON-COMPLIANT RESULTS IN 2016
Group A substances
Non-compliant results Follow-up actions
8 non-compliant results Bovines
Thyrostats-Thiouracil
Urine
6 Non-Compliant results
6 target samples confirmed non-compliant for Thiouracil at
the following levels:
(1) 38.1µg/kg (2) 29.8µg/kg (3) 13.0µg/kg
(4) 11.9µg/kg (5) 8.6µg/kg 6) 14µg/kg
Investigations of Thiouracil residue positives carried out over a
ten year period at farm level did not reveal any evidence of
illegal use and it was concluded that they were from dietary
factors. Having consulted with the FSAI a decision was taken to
only carry out on farm investigations on levels exceeding
20µg/kg4. Follow up investigations were initiated at farm level
in 2 cases >20µg/kg and no evidence of illegal use was
identified. In line with scientific evidence, the Competent
Authority has concluded that the residues resulted from dietary
factors.
Beta-Agonists
Urine
1 Non-Compliant result
1 target sample confirmed non-compliant for Clenbuterol at
the following level >0.5µg/kg
A follow up investigation was initiated at farm level and
restrictions were imposed in accordance with Article 16 & 17 of
Directive 96/23/EC.
Criminal prosecution was initiated and is still ongoing.
Nitrofurans-Nitrofurazone as SEM
Plasma
1 Non-Compliant result
1 target sample confirmed non-compliant for Nitrofurazone
as SEM at the following level 1.45µg/kg
(1)
(2)
(3) A follow up investigation was initiated at the farm of origin and
no evidence of illegal use was identified. In line with scientific
evidence, the Competent Authority has concluded that the
residues may have resulted from accidental exposure to
environment or dietary factors.
2 Non-compliant results Ovine
Thyrostats-Thiouracil
Urine
2 Non-Compliant results
2 target samples confirmed non-compliant for Thyrostats at
the following levels:
2 x Thiouracil 7.8µg/kg
Investigations of Thiouracil residue positives carried out over a
ten year period at farm level did not reveal any evidence of
illegal use and it was concluded that they were from dietary
factors. Having consulted with the FSAI a decision was taken to
only carry out on farm investigations on levels exceeding
20µg/kg4
4The approach is contingent on the potential risk posed and would consequently be reviewed in light of any new emerging data, results and or any new
guidance from the EURL/European Commission
Group B substances Non-compliant results Follow-up actions
4 non-compliant results Bovines
Antimicrobials
Muscle
3 non-compliant results*
2 Target samples confirmed non-compliant for antibiotics at
the following levels:
(1) Marbofloxacin >300µg/kg
(2) Sulfadiazine 211.2µg/kg
Full on farm investigations were completed including
examination of medicines on farm and animal remedies records
were carried out and appropriate advice given to the owner
keepers.
1 Suspect sample confirmed non-compliant for antibiotics at
the following level:
(1) Sulfadiazine 362.7µg/kg &Trimethoprim 70.8µg/kg
Suspect carcase declared unfit for human consumption and
destroyed. Full on farm investigation including examination of
medicines on farm and animal remedies record was carried out.
Appropriate advice was given to the farmer regarding the use of
VMPs and a follow-up visit was scheduled.
Anthelmintics
Liver
1 non-compliant result
1 Suspect sample confirmed non-compliant for
anthelmintics at the following level:
(1) Levamisole 173µg/kg
Suspect carcase declared unfit for human consumption and
destroyed. Full on farm investigation including examination of
medicines on farm and animal remedies record was carried out.
Appropriate advice was given to the farmer regarding the use of
VMPs and a follow-up visit was scheduled.
13 Non-compliant results Ovine
Antimicrobials
Muscle
2 non-compliant results
1 Suspect sample confirmed non-compliant for antibiotics at
the following level:
Oxytetracycline >400µg/kg
Suspect carcase declared unfit for human consumption and
destroyed. Full on farm investigation including examination of
medicines on farm and animal remedies record was carried out.
Appropriate advice was given to the farmer regarding the use of
VMPs and a follow-up visit was scheduled.
1 Target sample confirmed non-compliant for antibiotics at
the following level:
Oxytetracycline 241.4µg/kg
Full farm investigation was completed including examination of
animal remedies records and appropriate advice given to the
owner keeper.
Anthelmintics
Liver
11 non-compliant result
11 Target samples confirmed non-compliant for
anthelmintics at the following levels:
(1) Fenbendazole 663µg/kg & Rafoxanide 2056µg/kg
(2) Levamisole 120µg/kg (3) Closantel 2725µg/kg
(4) Closantel 2743µg/kg (5) Closantel 2652µg/kg
(6) Closantel 2633µg/kg (7) Closantel 2464µg/kg
(8) Rafoxanide 1252µg/kg
(9) Closantel >3000µg/kg x3
Full on farm investigations were carried out in each case,
including examination of animal remedies records. Appropriate
advice was given to the flock owners and follow-up visits were
scheduled.
5 non-compliant results Equine
Anthelmintics
Liver
2 non-compliant result
Antimicrobials
Muscle
3 non-compliant results
2 Target samples confirmed non-compliant for
Anthelmintics at the following levels:
(1) Closantel 12.2µg/kg (2) Oxyclozanide 5.5µg/kg
3 Target samples confirmed non-compliant for Antibiotics
at the following levels:
(1) 70µg/kg (2) 168µg/kg (3) 71µg/kg
Full investigations were carried out including examination of
animal remedies records. The owners of the equines were given
appropriate advice and further visits were scheduled.
1 non-compliant result Poultry
Pyrethroids
Fat
1 non-compliant result
1 target sample confirmed non-compliant for Flumethrin at
the following level:
(1) 67µg/kg
Full on farm investigation was carried out. Flock owner was
treating cattle with Bayticol and sprayed the product to kill flies
in his wheelie bins. Cross contamination of this product to the
live birds via poor biosecurity resulted in contamination of the
birds.
3 non-compliant results Milk
Anthelmintics
Milk
2 non-compliant result
Organochlorine Compounds
including PCBs
Milk
1 non-compliant result
2 target samples confirmed non-compliant for Ivermectin at
the following levels:
(1) 0.74µg/kg (2) 0.72µg/kg
Full on farm investigations including examination of animal
remedies/records were carried out and appropriate advice given
to the owner keepers.
1 target sample confirmed non-compliant for
MCPA 390µg mecoprop 350µg/kg & 2,4-D 290µg/kg
A follow up investigation was carried out. Further milk samples
from the associated farm were tested. All milk and products
sourced from the implicated lot were traced, sampled and
detained pending results. All results were compliant. A risk
analysis was performed in conjunction with FSAI and all
products were deemed to be safe for consumption.
2 non-compliant results Porcine
Anthelmintics
Porcine
1 non-compliant results
Antimicrobials
Porcine
1 non-compliant result
1 target sample confirmed non-compliant for
anthelmintics at the following level Closantel 14.6µg/kg
Full on farm investigation including examination of animal
remedies records carried out.
1 suspect sample confirmed non-compliant for antibiotics at
the following levels Chlortetracycline 126.8µg/kg
Suspect carcase declared unfit for human consumption and
destroyed. Full on farm investigation including examination of
medicines on farm and animal remedies record was carried out.
Appropriate advice was given to the farmer regarding the use of
VMPs and a follow up visit was scheduled.
2 non-compliant results Fish
Antimicrobials
Muscle & Skin
2 non-compliant results
2 target samples confirmed non-compliant for oxy-
tetracycline at the following levels:
(1) 143µg/kg (2)174µg/kg
An investigation took place at the processing plant and at farm
level. The investigation included examination of medicines on
farm, animal remedies on farm and feed records on farm.
Distribution records were examined at the processing plant. All
records at the farm and processing plant were in order and in
compliance with legislation; however the outcome of the on
farm investigation was inconclusive. Both investigations have
now been closed.