NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES REGISTRATION …Glacier National Park. Good, Albert H., Architectural Consultant, Park and Recreation Structures, Part I - Administration and Basic

NFS Form 10-900 (Rev. 10-90)

United States Department of the Interior National Park Service

NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES REGISTRATION FORM

1. Name of Propertyhistoric name: St. Mary Utility Area Historic District

other name/site number: N/A

2. Locationstreet & number: N/A

city/town: St. Mary

state: Montana code: MT

not for publication: n/a

vicinity: East of St. Mary at Divide Creek; Glacier National Park (GLAC)

county: Glacier code: 035 zip code: 594173. State/Federal Agency Certification

As the designated authority under the National Historic Preservation Act of 1988, as amended, I hereby certify that this X nomination _ request for determination of eligibility meets the documentation standards for registering properties in the National Register of Historic Places and meets the procedural and professional requirements set forth in 38 CFR Part 60. In my opinion, the property X meets _ does not meet the National Register Criteria. I recommend that this property be considered significant _ nationally _ statewide X locally. ( _ See continuation sheet for additional comments.)

.0"

Signature of certifying official/Title

National Park Service

Date

State or Federal agency or bureau

In my opinion, the property does not meet the National Register criteria.

SEP 29Signature of con

Montana State Historic Preservation Office

Date

State or Federal agency and bureau

4. National Park Service CertificationI, hereby certify that this property is: Signature of the Keeper

^_ entered in the National Register_ see continuation sheet

_ determined eligible for the National Register

_ see continuation sheet determined not eligible for the National Register

_ see continuation sheet _ removed from the National Register

_see continuation sheet _ other (explain):

Entered in the onal Register

Dete of Action

St. Mary Utility Area Glacier County, MontanaName of Property __ County and State ___

5. Classification__________________________________________________________ Ownership of Property: Public-Federal Number of Resources within PropertyCategory of Property: District Contributing NoncontributingNumber of contributing resources previously 11 4 building(s)

listed in the National Register: None

Name of related multiple property listing: Glacier National Park _____ _____ sites

Multiple Property Listing___ ___ structures ___ ___ objects

11 4 Total

6. Function or Use____________________________________________________ ___Historic Functions: Current Function:GOVERNMENT/single and multiple dwelling; institutional Same housing; office; secondary structure; animal facility

7. DescriptionArchitectural Classification: Materials:

Rustic; Other: utilitarian foundation: concrete; stonewails: weatherboard; log roof: asphalt shingle; shakeother: N/A

Narrative Description

The St. Mary Utility Area is located east of the Continental Divide, at the foot of Upper St. Mary Lake within Glacier National Park, Montana. The flat, wooded building site is hidden from yet proximate to the Going-to-the-Sun Road and to the town of St. Mary, Montana. The area serves as east-side administrative headquarters and includes residential, maintenance, and administrative facilities. Historic resources associated with the area's period of principle growth (1933-1941) are concentrated in the center of the area. Modern housing units, either moved to the area in the 1980s or dating to the Mission 66 era (1956-1966), flank the historic district to the northeast and southwest.

Within the boundaries of the historic district, maintenance building^form the dominant element: the simple, unobtrusive buildings are arranged hi two "wings" running roughly east to west and facing each other across an open asphalt-covered utility yard. The rustic log gas and oil house forms the center or anchor of this configuration. In conformity with landscape architects' attempts to segregate domestic and maintenance functions, the historic dormitory (#155) is located near the utility yard yet is oriented toward the northwest and the area's residential access road. Horse facilities, including a barn, blacksmith shop, and tackroom, are similarly isolated from the noise of the maintenance yard: these facilities occupy a small tree-lined depression forming the southwest corner of the district.

Native trees separate the historic complex from the modern housing units located southeast of the district. The northwest housing complex, clearly visible from the maintenance yard, is effectively segregated from the historic components by the initiation of the linear design of the utility area. Although the barn complex remains physically isolated from the maintenance facilities, buildings #1371-#1373 and modern building #1378 (just outside the district boundaries yet visible from the barn complex) are located within what was once an undeveloped "buffer zone," thus reducing the degree of isolation.

The barn complex, the gas and oil house, and the dormitory are representative of NPS rustic architecture. The majority of the buildings within the district, however, are of the simple utilitarian design reserved for maintenance facilities hidden from the primary travel corridors.

St. Mary Utility Area Glacier County, MontanaName of Property ___ ___ County and State

8. Statement of Significance _______________________________________

Certifying official has considered the significance of this property in relation to other properties:Applicable National Register Criteria: A; C Areas of Significance: Architecture;Gowernment

Criteria Considerations (Exceptions): N/A Period(s) of Significance: 1934-1945

Significant Person(s): N/A Significant Dates: 1937

Cultural Affiliation: N/A Architect/Builder: NPSjCCC

Narrative Statement of SignificanceThe St. Mary Utility Area Historic District is historically significant at the local level for its association with

those changes in park administration inspired by an increased road network within Glacier National Park, by increased visitation, and by commensurate needs to augment the park's housing and maintenance infrastructure (criterion A; area of significance: Government). The district is also significant for its association with Civilian Conservation Corp (CCC) utilitarian architecture and with rustic design (criterion C; area of significance: Architecture). The district's period of significance extends from 1933-1945, a period during which completion of the Going-to-the-Sun Road provided a unifying link to the formerly disparate portions of the park, allowing centralization of east-side administrative functions at St. Mary, and during which cheap CCC labor allowed construction of those facilities integral to this centralization. The district is a component of the Major Developed Areas property type, as defined in the Glacier National Park Multiple Resource Listing.

In 1910, following passage of the Glacier National Park Enabling Act, the United States Department of the Interior found itself responsible for the development and administration of one million isolated and rugged acres. Park managers faced many unprecedented problems, not the least of which was to design and fund a staffing and administrative structure and a system of facilities that would best serve the visiting public and preserve and protect the area's scenic and natural values. Housing and maintenance facilities needed to be located near those areas of easiest access and greatest use yet out of site of the most frequently visited scenic areas and most frequently traveled road/trail corridors.

A ranger station residence was constructed near the current utility area in 1913; succeeding years saw the addition of a woodshed and a barn and the fencing of 40 acres of pasture for government stock. The St. Mary Ranger Station became the headquarters of the "St. Mary District" of Glacier National Park. By 1925 a small mess hall (HS #154) serving area road and trail crews was in use within what is now the St. Mary Utility Area. Central park administration, however, was located on the west side of the park.

During the 1930s, administration of the east side of the park was centralized at what is now the St. Mary Utility Area. St. Mary was geographically central to the east side of the park and the opening of the Going-to-the-Sun (Transmountain) Road in 1933 made St. Mary easily accessible to Park Headquarters at West Glacier during the summer months. In 1934, the east side fire dispatch function was moved to St. Mary. This was quickly followed by the establishment of a summer auto shop operation; equipment and material storage buildings; new horse facilities; and increased employee housing. Concurrent with St. Mary development, the central administrative facility at Belton (West Glacier) was expanded in a manner markedly similar to that employed at St. Mary. At both sites, simple utilitarian sheds, constructed by the CCC, were arranged in parallel rows; a gas and oil house was conspicuously (and conveniently) located at the apex of the rows of sheds. Dormitories for male seasonal employees were constructed near the maintenance complex, yet just outside the clearly defined maintenance yard. These residential facilities employed a rustic interpretation of craftsman architecture ~ a design that would soon be readily associated with the western parks.

This accelerated development was made possible in large part by Depression-era funding programs. In 1933 Franklin Roosevelt and a new administration established a variety of economic programs to provide work opportunities for the nation's unemployed. On March 31, 1933, the Emergency Conservation Work (ECW) Act was passed by

St. Mary Utility AreaName of Property

Glacier County, MontanaCounty and State

9. Major Bibliographic References

Fladmark, Bruce. "Determination of Eligibility of Older St. Mary Buildings in Glacier National Park." George C. Ruble Library, Glacier National Park.

Good, Albert H., Architectural Consultant, Park and Recreation Structures, Part I - Administration and Basic Service Facilities, (USDI NPS) 1938

Hufstetler, Mark "Glacier Historic Structures Narrative Histories," unpublished manuscript on file at the Ruble Library and Archives, Glacier National Park.

Tweed, William C., Laura E. Soulliere, Henry G. Law, National Park Service Rustic Architecture: 1916-1942, National Park Service Western Regional Office Division of Cultural Resource Management, February 1977.

Previous documentation on file (NPS):_ preliminary determination of individual listing (36 CFR 67) has

been requested.__ previously listed in the National Register _ previously determined eligible by the National Register __ designated a National Historic Landmark _ recorded by Historic American Buildings Survey # _____

recorded by Historic American Engineering Record #

Primary Location of Additional Data:X State Historic Preservation Office

__ Other State agency_X_ Federal agency (NPS Rocky Mountain Region; Glac. NP)__ Local government__ University__ Other — Specify Repository:

10. Geographical DataAcreage of Property: 8.1 acresUTM References: (see continuation sheet Section 10 page 1)

Verbal Boundary DescriptionThe boundary of the St. Mary Utility Area is shown as the dotted line on the accompanying map entitled "St. Mary

Utility Area Historic District, 1994".______________________________________________

Boundary JustificationThese boundaries encompass the area of land containing the significant concentration of buildings making up the historic

district and are determined by the general limits of development during the historic period rather than by topographical or features. Three distinct areas of use ~ representative of the district's principle functions ~ are incorporated within the boundaries: the historic domestic area (buildings #154, #155, #434), the maintenance yard, and the barn complex (buildings #432, #449, #450). These boundaries also incorporate the utilitarian placement of the maintenance facilities, the isolated location of the barn complex, and the residential setting of building #155. The boundaries thus incorporate those landscape/setting elements that historically segregated the distinct entities and defined the appearance of the utility area.

Extant historic resources excluded from the boundary are limited to two housing units razed to their foundations during the 1980s (buildings #160 and #161). Intrusive modern elements excluded from the district include the modern housing developments located northwest and southeast of the district. The southeast complex is screened from the district by Douglas fir and other native vegetation. The northwest complex, although more visible, is effectively segregated from the historic components by the initiation of the linear design of the utility area.

11. Form Prepared By

name/title: Ann Hubberorganization: Historical Research Associates, Inc. date: 6/1995street & number: P.O. Box 7086 telephone: (406) 721-1958city or town: Missoula state: MT zip code: 59807-7086

Property Ownername/title: United States Department of Interior National Park Servicestreet & number: N/A telephone: (406)888-5441

city or town: West Glacier state: MT zip code: 59936 <

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National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet

Section number 7 Page 1 St. Mary Utility Area Historic District, Glacier Co., MT

The buildings are grouped by function or geographic placement within the district. Within each grouping, the buildings are numerically ordered.

District Office (#154), 1925Building #154, constructed as a mess hall yet now used as a district office, is located at the northwest end of the

historic district, just west of the rows of equipment sheds. The building is one-story wood-frame with a rectangular floor plan constructed on a concrete foundation. Vertical board-and-batten covers the exterior walls. Green modern metal panels cover the side-gable roof. Roof features include exposed lookouts, exposed rafters, 6" fascia within the gable ends, and a metal chimney located high within the southeast gable slope.

The entry, originally located within the southwest elevation yet now offset within the northwest elevation, is protected by a modern wooden porch. Porch features include a front-gable roof (covered with standing-seam metal), three wooden steps, simple 4" x 4" columns, and a wooden railing. The modern wood door has a single-light. The entry is flanked to either side by modern one-light by one-light casement windows in narrow wooden frames. Additional front- elevation windows include a one-by-one casement window and two single-light hopper windows, all located north of the entry. Features within the southwest elevation are limited to two one-by-one light casement windows, symmetrically placed. The southeast elevation contains four one-by-one casement windows, also symmetrically placed. Northeast elevation features are limited to a one-by-one casement window (offset to the southeast), a utility meter, and a louvered wood vent in the gable end. These wood-frame windows, all with narrow casings and vertical panes, replaced the original double-hung windows ca. 1973; the siding "scars" associated with the changes in door and window style and placement remain visible. The building is painted dark brown with white trim and is in good condition.

Building #154 contains a central office, three private offices, and two small bathrooms, accessed by a narrow hall. Virtually all interior fixtures and finishes are modern. The interior walls are surfaced with plastic simulated-wood paneling; this paneling is painted white in the central space and is unpainted in the offices. There are 1" x 4" baseboards throughout the building. Rolled linoleum or indoor/outdoor carpet covers all floor surfaces. The ceiling throughout the building is constructed of painted sheetrock; battens cover the seams in an attempt to simulate the original celotex ceiling surface. Although the bathroom fixtures are all modern, a porcelain drinking fountain in the hallway adjacent to the bathrooms appears to be historic and may be original to the building. The five-panel doors accessing the bathroom may also be original. The window and door surrounds throughout the building are constructed of modern, narrow trim. All lighting fixtures are modern, with florescent bulbs.

The district office is a noncontributing component of the St. Mary Utility Area Historic District. Exterior modifications include a new entry porch and changes in door and window styles and placement: historic photographs show the primary entrance as a four panel door slightly offset within the southwest elevation. This entry has been removed and replaced with two modern one-by-one light casement windows. The entry no longer faces toward the utility yard, thus divorcing the building from the maintenance complex. A large double entry, composed of paneled door doors and located at the north end of the northwest elevation, has also been removed and replaced with modern windows. All historic double-hung windows have been replaced with modern casement windows. Moreover, unlike buildings #428, #444-446, the mess hall was not constructed as an integral component of a designed site plan; placement does not supersede design and materials as a critical component of the building's associative value. The interior was completely remodeled in 1973 and retains no physical integrity.

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Dormitory (#155), 1941Building #155 is shielded to the southeast by native vegetation, is oriented toward the modern residential complex

located to the northwest of the district, and is accessed by the residential tfoad loop. The dormitory, consistent with its residential use, is thus physically distinct from the maintenance and storage components of the utility area.

This wood-frame building has an ell-shaped floorplan and is constructed on a concrete foundation. The two rectangular wings (located perpendicular to each other) are one story and are linked by a central one-and-one half story central component; this central component is wider than either wing and thus slightly alters the ell-shaped floorplan. Twelve-inch horizontal lapped siding covers the lower five feet of the exterior walls; vertical board-and-batten siding covers the remaining exterior-wall surfaces, including the gable ends. Modern metal panels cover the cross-gable roof. Roof features include exposed rafters, exposed lookouts, wide eaves, and a number of metal vents. A large uncoursed lake-stone exterior chimney dominates the northeast elevation of the central component.

A large entry porch is "cut-out" within the north end of the front (northwest) elevation. Porch features include tongue-and-groove flooring, simple 6" x 6" columns, and four-wooden steps. The porch protects a glazed and paneled double door and three-light by three-light awning windows located at either side of the entry. The door and both window pairs are topped with two-light fixed-sash windows. Additional features within the front elevation of the central component are limited to a three-light by three-light awning window to the northeast of the porch. The southeast elevation of the central component contains a pair of awning windows topped with a three-light fixed-sash window. The northeast elevation is dominated by the uncoursed exterior chimney. This chimney is flanked to the south by a nine-light fixed sash window topped with a three-light fixed-sash window.

Features within the northwest elevation of the west wing (from north to south) include two small double hung windows, and five pair of three-light by three-light awning windows. Features within the narrow end elevations of both wings are limited to a glazed and paneled metal door (slightly inset within the elevations and accessed by three concrete steps) and a triangular louvered wood vent within the gable ends. The rear (southeast and southwest) elevations of the wings, facing the central "yard" contain seven pair of three-light by three-light awning windows. Features within the northeast elevation of the east wing include eight pair of three-light by three-light awning windows.

The original dark brown finish has been painted green. Door and window surrounds are painted peach. The building is in generally good condition.

Building #155 has 28 dormitory rooms, divided between a men's and a women's wing. Each wing is served by a single bathroom. The men's wing also contains a laundry facility. A large common room forms the junction of the two wings.

Wood-framed glazed, double doors provide access from each wing to the common room. The common room floor is constructed of 2" varnished hardwood. The lake-stone fireplace, with flagstone hearth flush with floor, and the multi-light windows with 4" surrounds (located along the northeast and northwest walls) form the dominant design elements. A historic porcelain drinking fountain with a pink-marlite surround is located along the southwest wall. The walls and ceiling are surfaced with sheetrock and finished with 4" wooden baseboards. The bell-shaped light fixtures are historic and are most likely original to the building.

Interior walls within the wing hallways and rooms are also surfaced with sheetrock and finished with 4" wooden baseboards. The bathrooms - one per wing - contain two wood-stall toilets, two urinals, and two sinks; although the dormitory now houses men and women, the presence of urinals in both bathrooms is a prosaic reminder of an era when

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the park's seasonal employees were almost exclusively male. Sink surrounds in the bathrooms are constructed of marlite. There is a separate shower room within the west wing.

All doors leading to dormitory rooms are hollow core with modern brass hardware. The door and window surrounds are constructed of 2" milled lumber. All light fixtures are modern. Each room contains a non-fixed metal kitchen unit (incorporating a sink and a stove top), baseboard heat, and; pull-chain ventilators. All floors within the wings are surfaced with linoleum tile.

A small concrete-floor, unfinished basement, accessed by a narrow stairway located at the junction of the east wing and the central room, is located under the central component. CraWjlspaces are located under each wing.

Threats to the building's integrity include the construction of th£ modern housing complex to the northwest (encroaching upon the historic setting). Alterations to design and material^, including the changes in paint color and the installation of a metal roof, are all easily reversible and do not represent a significant threat to integrity of material or design. The building is eligible for listing on the NRHP with significance in history and architecture and is also a contributing component of the St. Mary Utility Area Historic District.

Although the dormitory rooms have been significantly altered over the years (most notably with new flooring, lighting, and window and door surrounds), the common room retains sufficient physical integrity to contribute to the building's significance. Critical interior components include the fireplace/hearth, the drinking fountain, the lighting fixtures, the three sets of double doors, the multi-light windows, and the original baseboards and door and window surrounds.

Paint Shop (#434), 1933Building #434 is located southwest of the dormitory (#155), within the protected yard created by the two

dormitory wings. The building is shielded to the southeast by native vegetation and is physically and visually divorced from the maintenance components of the utility area.

The paint shop is a small one-story, one-room building presently used for mixing and storing paint and painting supplies. The building rests on a concrete pier foundation and is covered with a gable roof with a rolled asphalt surface. A small addition (of equal width and height — now incorporated under tne primary roof) was added to the rear of the building at some time between 1949 and 1970. Exterior walls are sided with horizontal lapped boards, 8" in dimension on the front two-thirds of the building and 12" on the rear-elevation addition. There are cornerboards on northwest- elevation corners.

Front (northwest) elevation features are limited to two power tyoxes/electric lines in metal conduit, and an unglazed, five-panel door, offset within the elevation. Both the northeast and southeast elevations contain two six-light fixed-sash windows. The southwest (side) elevation contains an unusual sbt-light louvered window, a six-light fixed sash window, an exposed water line, and a utility meter. Window and door surrounds are 4", painted white. The remainder of the building is painted brown.

The building's interior consists of a single room with wooden counters and storage cabinets. The walls and ceiling are surfaced with fiberboard and the floor is concrete. Lighting fixtures are modern. The wiring system, encased in plastic conduit, is exposed. A deep, ceramic sink, with separate hot and cold faucets, was moved into the structure post-1954 when the building was plumbed.

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The paint shop contributes to the St. Mary Utility Area Historic District. Modifications to the building have been limited to the construction of the addition to the rear elevation. This addition was constructed of compatible materials, is of identical scale and design, and does not significantly impair the building's integrity of association. The interior retains no historic features and does not contribute to the building's significance.

Maintenance Yard

Residence (#152), 1928; 1939Building 152 lies at the apex of the maintenance yard and faces southwest toward the center of the complex.

Douglas fir and other native vegetation screen the building from the adjacent Mission 66 and trailer-park residential areas.

The residence is a one-story wood-frame building covered with a wood-frame front-gable roof and resting on a railroad-tie foundation. A shed-roof addition constructed in 1939 extends beyond the northeast corner of the original component, slightly altering the building's original rectangular floorplan. A 12" x 2" styrofoam insulation strip has been added to the exterior of the foundation. Sheet metal covers the styrofoarn along the northwest elevation; the insulation remains exposed along all other elevations. The building is sided with 12" lapped horizontal wood siding clearly marked with circular saw marks. The shed-roof addition is sided with 6" horizontal wood siding. All roof surfaces are covered with green corrugated metal. The roof of the original component extends at the south gable end to cover a single-bay entry stoop. An interior brick chimney (exterior prior to construction of the addition) is located at the juncture of the gable and shed roofs. A metal chimney located high within the northeast gable slope is a modern addition. Fascia currently covers rafter and purlin ends; this may be an alteration.

The front elevation contains a glazed and paneled door, centered within the elevation, paired with a wood-frame screen, and protected by a slight extension of the southwest gable slope. The entry is flanked to either side by two-light wood frame hopper windows. A two-light hopper window is centered Within the southeast elevation of the original component. The southeast elevation of the addition contains a paneled door, paired with a wood screen and flanked to the southwest by a four-light fixed sash window. A six-by-six sliding sash window is centered within the rear elevation of the addition. Northwest (side) elevation features include two six-light windows, one within the original component and one within the addition.

The building is painted brown with white trim and is in fair condition, with the deterioration evident in the siding and foundation.

The interior floorplan consists of a bedroom, bathroom, living room, and kitchen. The light fixtures throughout the building are modern. The baseboards and window and door surrounds (4" wood) also appear to be modern. All interior doors are five-panel and appear to be historic.

The living room has sheet rock walls and ceiling and a 4" softwood floor, painted. A wood stove sits on a metal- covered raised platform. The bedroom walls and ceilings are covered with celotex with battens and the floor is constructed of 4" softwood, painted. The bathroom walls are finished with modem paneling and the ceiling is finished with sheetrock. The shower in the bathroom has a concrete floor and linoleum walls. The built in wood cabinets and formica countertops are modern, as are all bathroom fixtures. Sheetrock covers kitchen walls and ceilings and rolled

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United States Department of the InteriorNational Park Service



linoleum covers the floors. A concrete chimney remains exposed. All kitchen fixtures, included the built-in wood cabinets and formica countertop, are modern.

Building #152 was moved during the historic period. The shed-roof addition also dates to the historic period. The building has achieved historical significance in its present form and its present location: both the relocation and the addition contribute to the building's historic association with park service efforts to adapt to increased visitation and resultant increased staffing requirements. Alterations to the exterior during the modern period appear to be limited to the new roof and the foundation insulation — both easily reversible and thus not significant threats to physical integrity. Building #152 is a contributing resource.

The interior was extensively remodeled in the 1970s and does not contribute to the building's significance.A small wood-frame shed (#437) is currently located just northeast of residence #152. Although this secondary

structure dates to the historic period, it is frequently moved from residence to residence as storage needs change and is not historically associated with residence #152. The shed has been excluded from the district.

Fire Cache (#428); Plumbing and Carpenter Shop (#444), 1937These one-story long rectangular buildings form the north wing of the building complex and are thus critical to

the historic site plan.

Building #428 is sided with 12" lapped horizontal wood siding. Green modern metal panels cover the wood- frame shed roof. There are no eaves. The building rests on a concrete foundation. Two pedestrian doors, located at the north and south extremes of the front (southwest) elevation, are solid wood with simple brass hardware. The seven modern overhead garage doors, also on the front elevation, are panelled wood with single light fenestration arranged in groups of three. Fenestration within the front elevation is limited to a six-light by six-light casement window, located at the south end of the elevation and associated with the office space. Both side elevations contain a six-light by six-light casement window and a single six-light casement window. Rear elevation features include a paneled pedestrian door and a symmetrical row of six-by-site casement windows. Doors, door surrounds, and window surrounds and doors/door surrounds are painted white. Exterior walls are painted dark brown.

The interior is divided into eight rooms. At the northwest end of the building, three rooms serve as office space for the St. Mary Utility Area. These offices have linoleum floors, and painted-plywood ceilings and walls, finished with battens and with 4" dimensional lumber baseboards. The doors are single panel wood with simple brass hardware. Door and window surrounds are constructed of I"x3" lumber.

An office and truck stall are located southeast of the maintenance offices. The floor in the stall is concrete and a section of the office floor is 6" fir, painted. The walls and ceilings of both rooms are painted plywood, finished with battens. The stall is accessed by two overhead garage doors.

A large unfinished garage space, accessed by five garage doors, is located to the northwest of the office/stall. Three offices, sided with plywood sheets, have been partitioned from the primary garage space. These rooms are elevated from the asphalt floor of the garage. Exterior interior walls of the garage space are unfinished. The exterior interior walls of the offices are constructed of 6" horizontal wood planks. Partition walls are covered with plywood sheets. Ceiling surfaces in the garage and two offices remain unfinished. The fourth ceiling is covered with 6" horizontal wood planks. Entry to each office is provided by a modern holjowcore door with simple brass hardware.

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Building #444 is a one-story wood-frame building sided with 12" lapped horizontal wood siding. The building rests on a concrete foundation. Green modern metal panels cover the shallow shed roof. There are no eaves. Three of the original eight garage doors were blocked off and enclosed with lapped horizontal wood in association with the 1961 conversion of the garage to a carpentry shop. A one-light fixed-sash window and a modern one-light pedestrian door are now located within the original garage-door space. The remaining five garage doors were replaced with the current sixteen-panel/four-light overhead garage doors. A one-light pedestrian door at the north end of the front elevation and a six-by-six casement window at the south end of the front elevation conform to the original door and window placement. Both side elevations contain two six-light by six-light casement windows, symmetrically placed. The rear elevation (from north to south) contains six pair of four-by-four casement windows, a four-panel door, and a double-hung window.

The interior is divided into four general components (listed from north to south): the mail room; two supply rooms; a plumbing shop; a carpenter shop. Small brown metal signs, located above the respective entrances, identify these functions.

The mail room has a linoleum floor, celotex walls and ceiling, and the original double six-by-six casement window in the northwest elevation. The supply rooms are finished with concrete floors and plywood walls. Both plywood sheets and horizontal planks cover the ceilings. The plumbing shop has painted-plywood walls, celotex ceilings, and a concrete floor. The carpenter shop is finished with a concrete floor, frame 1 "x4" walls, and a celotex ceiling. All finishes within the small restroom are modern. All rooms have built in shelves.

The door and window surround throughout the building - added in conjunction with the modern wall surfaces - - are I"x3" dimensional lumber. All light fixtures are modern.

Buildings #428 and #444 contribute to the St. Mary Utility Area Historic District. Significant modifications have been limited to replacement of the original side-hinged vertical-plank garage doors (as per buildings #444 and #445) with modern overhead garage doors. Although this modification has altered the buildings' appearance, the buildings remain^ a key link in the utility area's U-shaped configuration: buildings 444 and 428 continue to define the north "wing" of the area just as they did during the historic period. Interior finishes and room configurations have been altered during the modern period. The interiors do not contribute to the buildings' significance.

Electric Shop (#440), 1949The small and unobtrusive electrical shop serves as the southwest corner of the maintenance yard. In contrast

to neighboring buildings, the shop is oriented toward the southeast rather than toward the center of the maintenance yard. The one-story masonry building is now sided with lapped horizontal maspnite siding. Its wood-frame front-gable roof is covered with green corrugated metal and the building rests on a concrete foundation. The modern wood door centered within the front (north) elevation contains a long, narrow window. Two larger double wooden doors within the west elevation are paneled and glazed. Six-light wood-frame fixed-sash windows are located within the side and rear elevations. The building is painted dark brown and is in good condition.

The interior floor is concrete. The walls are covered with painted sheetrock, as is the ceiling which is angled to follow the interior of the gabled roof. The window and door surrounds are all I"x3" modern, dimensional lumber. Furnishings include new built-in plywood cupboards.

This building is not yet 50 years old, does not possess exceptional architectural or historical significance (as per criteria consideration G), and is a noncontributing component of the St. Mary Utility Area Historic District. Due to the

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addition of masonite siding, the building is no longer recognizable as a generator house; given this loss of physical integrity it is unlikely that the building will be determined a contributing component of the historic district once it has reached fifty years of age.

Gas and Oil House (#442), 1939The gas and oil house sits in the center of the maintenance yard, surrounded on all sides by the district's asphalt-

covered "central court." The building is oriented toward the northwest: This central location reflects the building's important role in a complex primarily devoted to the service and storage of park vehicles.

Building #442 is a rectangular, single-story building constructed of logs ranging in size from 12" to 24" in diameter, joined with saddle-notches, daubed with cement, and finished with chopper cut ends. The roof is log-framed front-gable with chopper cut rafters and purlins and is covered with green corrugated metal. The roofline extends to cover a vehicle service area/fuel bay; this extension is supported by log supports and embellished with an exposed trussing system. The concrete on-grade foundation extends to a concrete-wall foundation at the southeast end of the building, incorporating the raised-concrete platform that dominates the interior.

All windows are wood-framed, two-over-two double hung with solid wood exterior shutters. Front (northwest) elevation features include a five-panel pedestrian door offset within the elevation and flanked to the southwest by a window. The fuel island, protected by the extension of the gable roof, is constructed on a concrete slab and contains two fuel pumps that post-date construction. The southwest (side) elevation contains two vertical-plank doors, currently boarded over with vertical tongue-and-groove. The northeast elevation contains two windows, located at different heights; this divergence placement accommodates the raised floor of the southeast interior room. The building is painted dark brown with white trim and is in fair condition with considerable deterioration in the log ends and peeling paint.

The interior is divided into two rooms, each used for flammable material storage. The floors throughout the building are concrete. In the northwest room, half of the floor is at ground level; four concrete steps lead to a concrete platform at the southeast of the room. The southeast room is also at this raised level. The walls and ceiling throughout the building are plaster. The settling of the building has caused the plaster in the walls and ceiling to crack; repair patches are evident. The leaking of the roof has caused the ceiling to rot and crumble in areas of the southeast room. The window and door surrounds on the interior of the building are 1" x 2" milled lumber and appear to be original to the building. The two-over-two double hung windows (boarded over on the exterior) are dominant design elements of the interior spaces (see exterior description for window placement). A solid wooden door separates the two interior rooms. The southeast room contains built-in wood shelves and a work counter.

Alterations are limited to the new fuel pumps, the removal of a concrete loading dock (ca. 1949), installation of the metal roof, and the repair of deteriorated log ends. Building #442 is eligible for listing on the National Register of Historic Places with significance in history and architecture and is a contributing component of the St. Mary Utility Area Historic District. The interior is unaltered and contributes to the building's significance.

Equipment Sheds (#445 and #446), 1937These one-story, long, rectangular buildings form the south wing of the building complex and are thus critical

to the historic site plan. The sheds are constructed of pre-fabricated tongue-and-groove panels with vertical joining members, many of which have been removed or have fallen off. Green modern metal panels cover the shallow gable

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roofs. The buildings rest on concrete footings. Four of the five garage doors that line each front facade are constructed of vertical and horizontal wood siding with horizontal and diagonal cross braces. One garage door is constructed of plywood with horizontal and diagonal cross braces. Wood-framed loft windows, within the east and west gable ends, are six-light arranged in groups of two. The buildings are painted dark brown and are in fair to poor condition, with some cracking and settling apparent.

The interior of building #446 consists of one unfinished room, with dirt floors, exposed framing, and an open truss ceiling that reveals pole purlins and pole wall supports. Building #445 is similarly finished, with one exception: the westernmost stall has been walled off with dimensional lumber planks. The stall floor is concrete. An unglazed five- panel door separates the stall from the central garage space. Within the central garage space, all floors remain dirt, exterior walls remain unfinished ~ exposing the dimensional-lumber framing system --, and the ceiling is open ~ exposing the pole roof supports.

Construction of four equipment storage buildings at St. Mary defined the location and layout of the St. Mary Utility Area as it basically remains today, and marked the real beginning of the site as the hub of east-side maintenance activity. Buildings 445 and 446 have been little modified through the years, continue to convey their association with CCC-era development of NPS administrative areas, and therefore contribute to the St. Mary Utility Area Historic District.

The relatively unmodified interiors remain consistent with the buildings' utilitarian function and contribute to the buildings' significance.

Garage (#458), 1952Building #458 sits at the eastern extreme of the south wing of the maintenance area, on the former site of a

garage/shop facility that burned in 1951 (HS #443). The modern building is one-story, constructed of concrete block with a facing of lapped horizontal wood siding. It has a shallow wood-framed shed roof and a concrete foundation. The facade is cut back to provide for a concrete porch area. There is a small shed-roofed extension on the west elevation, constructed in the same style as the building but of a lower height. Modern wood entry doors have no fenestration. The large garage doors are panelled wood and contain eight single-light windows. Wood-framed windows are single-light in groups of four. The building is painted brown and is in good condition.

The building is relatively unmodified. The original building had unfinished concrete end walls; these have since been faced with wood to match the front of the building. The garage continues today as Glacier's major east-side repair facility.

This building is not yet 50 years old, does not possess exceptional historical or architectural significance (as per criteria consideration G) and is a noncontributing component of the St. Mary Utility Area Historic District. However, the building retains physical integrity and should be reevaluated for eligibility once it is fifty years old.

Telephone Building (#1344), 1960The telephone building is located in a wooded area at the southeastern extreme of the "yard" separating the

dormitory (#155) from the utility yard, outside the linear plane of the maintenance area. It is a one-story rectangular building of masonry (concrete block) construction. The wood-frame front-gable roof features wide boxed-in eaves and

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is covered with green corrugated metal. Plyfoam insulation, painted bfown, has been fastened to the exterior of the concrete walls. Features are limited to a modern one-light metal door within the southwest elevation.

This building was constructed in 1960 to house a modernized telephone switching system. It is not yet 50 years old, does not possess exceptional architectural or historical significance (as per criteria consideration G), and is a noncontributing component of the St. Mary Utility Area Historic District. However, the building appears to possess physical integrity and should be reevaluated when it has reached 50 years of age.

Barn Complex

The barn complex, composed of buildings #432, #449, and #450, is surrounded on three sides by woods and is visually and physically separate from the St. Mary Utility Area. Th|is isolated setting, a key feature of the barn complex's associative value, has been impacted by the development qf a modern residential complex to the north northeast, northwest and to the north (#1371-1373, #1378).

Blacksmith Shop #432 is a one-story rectangular building sided with 8" lapped horizontal wood siding. Rolledasphalt covers the side-gable roof. The building rests on a wooden sill foundation. There are fixed-sash six-light windows in the north and west elevations of the building, and a five-light fixed-sash window in the south elevation. The front (west) elevation contains an entry door as well as a sliding Z-braced garage door hanging from a horizontal runner. Both doors are constructed of vertical wood planks (either tongue-and-groove or shiplap) and appear to be original. Sloped wooden ramps constructed of 12"x4" unfinished planks lead to each entrjyway. The building is painted brown and is in fair condition, with some wood deterioration in evidence.

The interior retains the original 7"xlO" pine floors, although shefet metal now covers the southeast corner. The ceiling is unfinished, exposing the framing system. The interior walls are surfaced with horizontal rough-milled lumber. A modern dimensional-lumber ladder provides access to the modern loft located in the southeast corner. The wide rough- milled door and window surrounds remain in place. The electrical system and all light fixtures are modern.

The blacksmith shop has survived virtually unchanged at its originial site since 1934 and contributes to the historic district. The interior retains a number of features readily associated îth horse facilities of the historic era ~ most notably the enormous floorboards - and contributes to the building's significance.

Barn #449 is a one-and-one-half-story log building. The logs kre saddle-notched, chinked with cement, and finished with chopper-cut ends. Unpainted wood shingles cover the log-framed front-facing gable roof. Roof features include exposed rafters and purlins, extending beyond the eave. The building rests on a painted concrete foundation. Fenestration is limited to small, hinged, wood-framed six-light windows on the ground floor of the northeast and southwest (side) elevations. Two Dutch doors on the first level (one offset within the southwest [side] elevation and one offset within the front [northwest] elevation) provide access to the ground-floor interior. Two upper-level side-hingeddouble doors (centered within the northwest and southeast gable ends provide access to the hayloft; all doors areconstructed of vertical wood with diagonal cross-bracing. All doors and Windows appear to be original. The building is painted dark brown; it is in fair condition, with deterioration in the log ends.

A wooden catwalk extends from the southeast-elevation hay loft cpor into the corral. The catwalk passes above wooden feeding troughs in the corral and is designed to allow transport of hay from the loft to where it can be thrown into the corral troughs from above. A large pole corral encloses the feeding trough and the staging area behind the barn.

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Additional feeders, constructed of narrow plywood sheets fitted with plastic buckets, are located northwest of the barn, between the barn and the tack shed (#450). This feeding system dates to the 1980s.

The barn retains its original floor plan, with the large lower level room divided into stalls and a feed room and the entire upper level devoted to hay storage. Two inch x ten inch pine planks cover the ground-level floor while 1 "x 6" pine planks form the hay loft floor. The walls are unfinished logs, with I"x4" dimensional lumber used at the first- floor level for stall divisions. Feed troughs located along the north wall are also constructed of dimensional lumber. The first-floor ceiling is formed by milled lumber attached diagonally to the hay-loft floor joist. At the second story, the ceiling is unfinished, exposing the log rafters and dimensional lumber tie beams of the roof structural system.

A small feed room located within the northwest corner of the ground floor is finished with a cement floor and horizontal tongue and groove walls. Electrical wiring conduit is surface mounted. Modern switches activate exposed light bulbs protected by wire cages. The electrical system dates to the post historic period.

The barn is virtually unmodified, with original doors and windows, corral area and large catwalk feeding facilities, in place. (Given the nature of the resources, it is unlikely that the corral or the catwalk retain original material. However, both conform in design and placement to structures shown on a 1950 photograph.) The barn and related facilities continue to serve as home base and staging area for government saddle and pack stock. The barn is eligible for listing on the National Register of Historic Places with significance in architecture and history and is a contributing component of the St. Mary Utility Area Historic District. The interior is also unmodified and contributes to the building's significance.

Tackroom #450 is a one-story building constructed of exterior log framing combined with vertical board-and- batten siding. Unpainted wood shingles cover the log-frame, side-facing gable roof. The building rests on a painted concrete foundation. Fenestration is limited to a small wood-framed single-light window in the rear (northwest) elevation. A door constructed of horizontal tongue and groove wood members with diagonal cross-bracing is centered within the front (southeast) elevation. The gable ends, sided in vertical board and batten, each contain a louvered vent. The building is painted dark brown and is in good condition. The exposed purlin and rafter ends have been cut flush with the eaves in an effort to control wood deterioration.

The one room interior is finished with a cement floor, unfinished walls exposing the exterior siding, and an open ceiling exposing the log roofing system. The lighting system consists of exposed surface-mounted electrical conduit and bare bulbs protected by glass covers. Furnishings are limited to two iron pipe saddle "trees" extending the full height of the building.

Despite this modification, building #450 exemplifies simplified rustic architecture. A building that ordinarily would have been built along purely utilitarian lines was instead designed to be compatible with the environment. The exposed log-framing construction technique ~ less time consuming and technically difficult than the log construction used on more substantial buildings - was used on a number of smaller buildings at Glacier during the 1930s; this is one of the few remaining examples. Building #450 is a contributing component of the St. Mary Utility Area Historic District.

Modifications to the interior include the replacement of the original 10" pine planks with concrete and the addition of electricity. The building is no longer readily identifiable as a woodshed; the interior does not contribute to the building's significance.

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Statement of IntegrityAlterations to the St. Mary Utility Area Historic District include tie loss of the auto shop that originally defined

the southeast corner of the utility yard (HS #443); modifications to the) front-facades of the four large garages that dominate the maintenance yard (buildings #428, #444-#446); the addition 6f one large modern building (#458) and three minor secondary buildings to the maintenance yard; extensive alterations t0 the original messhall; the relocation of three historic buildings from Lake McDonald to the former green space segregating the horse complex from the utility yard (buildings #1371-#1374, excluded from the district); and construction of a modern housing complex and new parking lots/roadways outside the district boundaries yet within the approach/visuaj boundaries of the dormitory (building #155). However, these alterations and modern intrusions do not significantly altelr the physical relations of the buildings or the general design placement. Although the garages have been altered in the modern period, they remain in their original location and their relationship to each other and to other contributing resources has not been disturbed by excessive modern development; this critical integrity of placement assures that the ibaintenance yard retains its utilitarian design. The horse complex remains visually separate from the auto-related facilities. The dormitory's orientation away from the maintenance compound conforms with design plans initiated during the historic period. To a large degree, all historic components are protected from the visual intrusion of the Mission 66 development by native Douglas fir — protected whenever possible during construction of the utility area due to the "difficulty of growing trees on the East Side."

Building placement and spatial relationships between resources define areas of different use and highlight the maintenance yard's utilitarian function; they are thus important components of the historic district.

Summary of Contributing and Noncontributing Resources:

Eligible (contributing) buildings: Ineligible (noncontributing) buildings:Residence #152 District Office #1$4Dormitory #155 Powerhouse #440Fire Cache #428 Garage #458 !Blacksmith Shop #432 Telephone Buildiiig #1344Paint Shop #434Gas and Oil Building #442Equipment Shed #444Equipment Shed #445Equipment Shed #446Barn #449Tackroom #450

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Congress. The ECW program created the Civilian Conservation Corp (CCC). Originally conceived as a force of workers to undertake the simplest kind of manual labor, the CCC soon undertook larger, more complex projects. During the summer of 1933, 70 CCC camps were established in national parks and monuments across the country, including Glacier National Park.

In 1934, Glacier park staff suggested the use of CCC crews in small building construction. Although Glacier Landscape Architect E.A. Davidson recommended that the park staff wait for regular appropriations to meet their facility needs, such funds were not quickly forthcoming and by 1934, Glacier CCC crews actively assisted in Glacier's building program (Tweed et al 1977:76). "Taking into account the demands of present day economy", the majority of the buildings constructed by CCC crews were "not intended for public view" and were "not highly stylized" but rather were designed for "efficiency and functionalism" using "more economical, even if less picturesque and durable, materials, and methods" (Good 1938:4). Designed by the NPS Landscape Division, these maintenance sheds, barns, and cabins were usually "rustic" only in that they displayed rough-sawed wood exteriors and were finished in various tones of brown or gray (Tweed et al 1977:76). NPS policy to utilize "more economical, even if less picturesque and durable, materials, and methods ... [for] minor and oft-repeated units" (Good 1938:4) is clearly seen at the St. Mary Utility Area in both materials and design and in building placement: simple wood-frame maintenance buildings are not scattered among the trees or oriented toward prominent vistas. Rather they are placed in a utilitarian linear design, facing the gas and oil house and the large asphalt-covered vehicular yard.

Also in conformity with NPS 1930s architectural philosophy to utilized "pioneer log construction" for the "more important structures" (Good 1938:4-5), both the barn (building #449) and the gas and oil house (building #442) were constructed in the rustic style: a style that, "through the use of native materials in proper scale, and through the avoidance of severely straight lines and over sophistication, gives the feeling of having been executed by pioneer craftsmen with limited hand tools. It thus achieves sympathy with natural surroundings and with the past" (Good 1938:5). The wood shed (#450), blacksmith shop (#432), and the men's dormitory (#155) showed the simplifications of and the evolution of rustic design: these buildings made "only minor concessions to the environment" (Tweed et al 1977:97) — including rustic siding, an exposed log framing system, a river stone fireplace, or exposed rafters.

The construction histories of individual buildings within the district are provided below.

Residence (#152), 1928; 1939Park records indicate that building #152 was constructed in 1928 as a fire cache at Glacier Park Station (East

Glacier Ranger Station).The building was moved to St. Mary ca. 1934. It does not appear, however, on a 1937 map of the area and may

have initially been used at the Bureau of Public Roads (BPR) Camp located southwest of the utility area near the barn. A shed-roofed addition (housing a kitchen and bathroom) was erected in 1939, following the transfer of the building to its current site. The building has changed little since that time and currently provides seasonal employee housing.

District Office (#154), 1925The Hudson Bay District Office (#154) was constructed in 1925 as a mess hall for seasonal workers on Glacier

National Park's east side. Other east-side mess halls were used largely by construction and maintenance workers on the Blackfeet Highway and Going-to-the-Sun Road; it is likely that this building served a similar function. Following the

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construction of the nearby men's dormitory (#155), the mess hall served dormitory residents. By the 1960s the building received only intermittent use.

During the 1960s the building was remodeled into an office for the St. Mary road crew. This use continued until approximately 1973 when the building, after substantial remodeling, assumed its present role as the Hudson Bay District Office.

Dormitory (#155), 1941Until the Mission-66 era, Glacier suffered from a perennial shortage of adequate employee housing; this problem

had been particularly evident at St. Mary. As the site evolved into the park's east side headquarters, improved housing was not provided to fill the increased needs. Seasonal employees faced particularly rustic conditions, living either in tents or in tiny, single-room shacks at the nearby Bureau of Public Roads camp. A major dormitory facility for unmarried seasonal employees was a real need.

CCC task order #974 was prepared in early 1939, providing for construction of a 100-person dormitory building. CCC camp members continued to work on the building through 1941. At the time of the CCC's dissolution, approximately 75% of the building was finished, leaving the building without plumbing, lighting or heating fixtures installed. $12,188 of CCC funds had been expended,.

After the war, piecemeal efforts by NPS crews made the building useable, although it has never been officially "completed." It is still used as a seasonal dormitory; changes have been minor and largely related to the addition of life- safety improvements.

This building represents one of the largest individual CCC construction projects in the park and it exhibits architectural details typical of Glacier's public works projects ~ most notably the mixing of siding types, the exposed rafters, the stone work, and the large porch. The building is also associated with a significant trend in NPS administration during the 1930s - the construction of additional employee housing with federal emergency relief monies, in response to a housing crisis precipitated by the increased visitation brought about by the ready availability of the automobile.

Paint Shop (#434), 1933The paint shop was built in 1933 to serve as a woodshed. It is located near the District Office (#154) and

probably supported that building's original function as a mess hall. After 1941, the building would also have served the dormitory. The interior was remodeled in the post historic period in association with the building's conversion to a paint shop. Although not architecturally or historically significant as an independent entity, building #434 served an important utilitarian function during the peak development years of the St. Mary Utility Area.

Blacksmith Shop (#432); Barn (#449); Tackroom (#450), 1934-1935The blacksmith shop (#432) was erected during the 1934 construction season at an approximate cost of $900. It

was apparently the first building erected at the new St. Mary barn site, reflecting the shift hi such activities from the older barn area at the original St. Mary Ranger Station. Development of a horse-facility area concurrent with development of the equipment storage and maintenance facilities testified to the extent to which Glacier remained a backcountry "trail park" despite substantial 1930s additions to the front-country road network. Although the building's

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use has been limited in recent years, it still serves as a support building for the St. Mary Utility Area, in addition to providing rudimentary office space.

The barn (#449) was built in 1935 as an Emergency Conservation Work project (#28A) at an approximate cost of $1,400. The rustic building, featuring chopper cut log ends, exposed log rafter and purlin ends, is similar in plan to many "rustic" ranger station barns constructed during the 1920s and 1930s. The main floor was provided with stalls and a special grain room, while the loft area was used for hay storage. No major modifications have occurred to the building.

Building #450 was constructed as a wood shed during the 1935 season at an approximated cost of $300. Although built at the same time as the ECW-constructed barn (building #449) historic documents fail to identify the builders. Modifications have been limited to the post-historic conversion of the building from a wood shed to a tackroom.

Plumbing and Carpenter Shop (#444); Fire Cache (#428); Equipment Sheds (#445 and #446), 1936-1937Construction of these four equipment storage buildings at St. Mary defined the location and layout of the St.

Mary Utility Area as it basically remains today, and marked the real beginning of the site as the hub of east-side maintenance activity.

Buildings #445 and #446 were constructed simultaneously by CCC work crews during the 1936 season. Each was built as a single-room building with five garage entries. Cost of each shed was approximately $2,300. The buildings have received constant use as equipment sheds since then* construction and remain relatively unmodified.

CCC crews constructed buildings #428 and #444 at an estimated cost of $5,500 per building. The buildings were remodeled in 1942 and again in 1961 to increase office space. The original garage doors, double side-hinged vertical plank with cross-bracing, were likely replaced with the current overhead doors during the 1961 remodel.

Gas and Oil House (#442), 1939Development of the St. Mary area as a major repair and storage facility for park maintenance equipment during

the 1930s necessitated the 1939 construction of building #442. The Gas and Oil House was built as a (CCC project #111- 425) at an approximate cost of $1,400. It has survived virtually unchanged since that time, although a concrete loading dock (which had largely disintegrated by 1949) has been removed.

This building is one of the finest examples of rustic log construction and design in the park. It is an attractive standout from the other, utilitarian buildings in the St. Mary maintenance yard. Its low profile and use of large logs with chopper cut ends give the building a "wilderness" appearance. The covered fueling bay, with its decorative log framing and supports, is also noteworthy. The building's historic setting ~ surrounded by asphalt, at the center of the maintenance district — remains virtually unaltered and contributes to the building's historic association with the growth of the park's transportation infrastructure, increased visitation, and commensurate changes in the park's maintenance facilities.

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United States Department of the InteriorNational Park Service


Section number 8,10 Page 15 St. Mary Utility Area Historic District, Glacier Co., MT

Electric Shop (#440), 1949Building #440 (originally known as the power house) was built in 1949 to house the large diesel-powered

generator that provided electricity to the St. Mary Utility Area. Use of the generator was short-lived and by 1954 the building was used as a storage shed for diesel motors. The building was covered with 12" masonite siding in the 1970s and now serves as the St. Mary Utility Area electrical shop.

Garage (#458), 1952The increasing size and complexity of Glacier's maintenance equipment necessitated a large, all-weather vehicle

repair facility on Glacier's east side. After a fire on February 24, 1951 destroyed St. Mary's two-room garage and shop facility (Building #443), a new building (Garage #458) was designed to fill this need. It was constructed during the summer of 1952 under contract by M.G. Estenson of Columbia Falls at a cost of $23,899. Estenson's 1952 contract work also included the construction of Park Headquarters residences #77 and #89, as well as three comfort stations at the new Apgar campground.

Building #458 displays a marked architectural break from traditional park styles and materials. Most of the structural work is concrete, and the completed building has a stark, quasi-modern appearance that contrasts sharply with nearby buildings. The later facing of the concrete walls with wood siding has made the building less visually intrusive.

Telephone Building (#1344), 1960This building was constructed in 1960 to house a modernized telephone switching system.

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Documents

NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES REGISTRATION …Glacier National Park. Good, Albert H., Architectural Consultant, Park and Recreation Structures, Part I - Administration and Basic