NATIONAL PROJECT OF DIVERSITY

1960 UP TO NOW

MESTIZO NATIONAL PROJECT VS. NATIONAL PROJECT OF DIVERSITY

• BRAINSTORMING• WHICH ARE THE MOST IMPORTANT CHARACTERISTICS OF

MESTIZO NATIONAL PROJECT? ECONOMY, POLITICS, SOCIETY, CULTURE• WHO WERE PART OF THIS PROJECT?• IN YOUR OPINION, WHICH WERE THE MOST IMPORTANT

ACHIEVEMENTS OF THIS PROJECT?• WHAT DO YOU THINK IS THE MEANING OF NATIONAL

PROJECT OF DIVERSITY?• DIVERSITY? HOW?• WHAT DO YOU KNOW ABOUT OUR NATIONAL HISTORY

FROM 1960 UP TO NOW?

MAIN ISSUES• BANANA CRISIS AND THE END OF AGRO

EXPORTING MODEL• HOW TO FIND A NEW ECONOMIC MODEL?• INDUSTRY• MODERNITY• REFORMS

• CONSEQUENCES • SOCIAL CHANGE• NEW FACES IN POLITICS• GLOBALIZATION• A NEW CRISIS (80’S)• POVERTY – RECESION - MIGRATION

CAN YOU EXPLAIN

THIS MODEL?

NATIONAL PROJECT OF DIVERSITY

Ayala Mora defines National Project of Diversity as “a

project that has its foundations on Ecuador’s

diversity and the search for interculturalism.” (Ayala

Mora, 2008, pp. 96)

A NEW INTERNATIONAL CONTEXT – 70’S

•REVOLUTION– HOW?

CUBAN REVOLUTION - 1959

CUBAN REVOLUTION

COLD WAR• Which countries were part

of the cold war?• Which were the reasons of

this war?• How did it affect the rest of

the world?• What is MAD and weapons

race? Reasons and consequences.• How did it finally end?• How do you think it affected

our country?

COLD WARUSA – URSSCAPITALISM - SOCIALISM

• CHURCH•Pope John XXIII – Theology of Liberation – Third World • Islam

• OIL PRODUCTION•OPEP

• NEOLIBERALISM•Margaret Thatcher•Ronald Reagan•FMI

TRANSFORMATIONSCHURCHOIL PRODUCTIONNEOLIBERALISM

STATE AND ECONOMYPopulation and city planning

• Which was Ecuador population in 1962? In 2001? In 2010?

• Which were the provinces receiving migrants from the rest of the country?

• In the Amazonia, which were the provinces receiving migrants?

• How can be described Quito and Guayaquil’s growth process?

• Which services were present in almost every city?• Which was the main reason for international

migration? Which countries? Which is the consequence now?

STATE AND ECONOMYEconomic Model

• Which were the consequences of the banana crisis?

• Which were the measures taken to solve the crisis?

• Which sectors of the Ecuadorian economy grew at that time?

• At what time did Oil boom started? Which were the consequences?

• How did Ecuador start the 80’s?• Which were the measures taken and their

consequences?

STATE AND ECONOMYAgrarian Reform

• When was this reform implemented? • Which was its purpose? Which were its causes?• In truth, how much land was given to small farmers?• Which was the main activity of farms after Agrarian

Reform?• Which products increased their production?• Which were the main exporting products?• Which was the consequence of modernization at

that time?• Which were the main necessities to be covered in

rural sectors?

STATE AND ECONOMYIndustry

• Ayala Mora states that in the 70’s National PIB grew around 4,3% per year and industry replacing imported products was national policy and goal. (Ayala Mora, 2008, 100) Explain this statement.

• Which institutions were founded?• Which were the main limitations that

industry faced during this time?• Which were/is the source of foreign

investment?• Which economical sectors grew during this

time?

STATE AND ECONOMYTrading and financial system

• Which were the consequences of Oil production in Ecuadorian economy?

• What was the destination of Oil money?• Which were the economic sectors that

started to grow? Why?• How was the financial system process?• Which were the causes of the bank crisis?

STATE AND ECONOMYState Role

• Which was the role of the government during 20th century?

• How was the Oil extraction process from 1920 until now?

• How was the State affected by the Oil boom?

• Who were benefited by the Oil boom?• What caused inflation at that time?• How was foreign debt process?

STATE AND ECONOMYIntegration

• What was the basis of Latin American integration?

• How was attempted Latin American integration?

• Which was the purpose of “Pacto Andino”?• Which were its members and its programs?• How is “Pacto Andino” understood now in

the international context?