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The National Pollution Control Day is celebrated every year on 2ndof December in India in order

to give the honor and memorialize the thousands of human beings who had lost their existence

because of the Bhoal gas calamity! Bhoal gas tragedy was haened in the night of 2ndand

"rdDecember in the year #$%& because of the unintentional discharge of the oisonous

chemical 'nown as (ethyl Isocyanate )also called (IC* as well as some other chemicals

released from the +nion Carbide Chemical Plant ositioned in the city!

Pollution is the introduction of contaminants into an

environment that causes instability, disorder, harm or

discomfort to the ecosystem i.e. physical systems or

living organisms. Pollution can take the form of chemical

substances or energy, such as noise, heat, or light.

According to a study - Water pollution causes

approximately 14, deaths per day, mostly due to

contamination of drinking !ater by untreated se!age indeveloping countries. An estimated " million #ndians

have no access to a proper toilet, and 1, #ndian

children die of diarrhoeal sickness every day. $early %

million &hinese lack access to safe drinking !ater.

'%', people die prematurely each year in &hina because

of air pollution. (here is a immediate need for potential

pollution prevention and !aste minimi)ation techni*ues.

When Wastes are reduced or eliminated, substantial

economies can be reali)ed by reduced expenditures for

pollution control e*uipment, and lo!er treatment and

disposal costs.

,orms of ollution

The ma-or forms of ollution are listed below along with the articular contaminant relevant to each of

them.

/ir ollution.0 the release of chemicals and articulates into the atmoshere! Common gaseous

ollutants include carbon monoxide1sulfur dioxide1chlorofluorocarbons)C,Cs* andnitrogen

oxidesroduced by industryand motor vehicles! Photochemicalozoneand smogare created as

nitrogen oxides and hydrocarbonsreact to sunlight! Particulate matter1 or fine dust is characterized

by their micrometresize P(#to P(2!3!

4ight ollution.0 includes light tresass1over0illuminationandastronomicalinterference!

4ittering.0 the criminal throwing of inaroriate man0made ob-ects1 unremoved1 onto ublic and

rivate roerties!

Noise ollution.0 which encomasses roadway noise1aircraft noise1 industrial noiseas well as

high0intensity sonar!

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_pollutionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_pollutionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_monoxidehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sulfur_dioxidehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sulfur_dioxidehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sulfur_dioxidehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chlorofluorocarbonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nitrogen_oxidehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nitrogen_oxidehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nitrogen_oxidehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Industryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ozonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ozonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smoghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smoghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrocarbonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atmospheric_particulate_matterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micrometrehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Light_pollutionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Over-illuminationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Over-illuminationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Over-illuminationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronomicalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronomicalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronomicalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litteringhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noise_pollutionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roadway_noisehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aircraft_noisehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aircraft_noisehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Industrial_noisehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sonarhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_monoxidehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sulfur_dioxidehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chlorofluorocarbonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nitrogen_oxidehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nitrogen_oxidehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Industryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ozonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smoghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrocarbonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atmospheric_particulate_matterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micrometrehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Light_pollutionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Over-illuminationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronomicalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litteringhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noise_pollutionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roadway_noisehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aircraft_noisehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Industrial_noisehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sonarhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_pollution

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5oil contaminationoccurs when chemicals are released by sill or underground lea'age! /mong

the most significantsoil contaminantsarehydrocarbons1 heavy metals1(TB617#8herbicides1esticidesandchlorinated hydrocarbons!

9adioactive contamination1resulting from 2th century activities in atomic hysics1such as

nuclear ower generation and nuclear weaons research1 manufacture and deloyment! )5ee alha

emittersand actinides in the environment!*

Thermal ollution1 is atemeraturechange in natural water bodies caused by human influence1

such as use of water as coolant in a ower lant!

:isual ollution1 which can refer to the resence of overheadower lines1 motorway billboards1

scarredlandforms)as fromstri mining*1 oen storage of trash1municial solid wasteorsace

debris!

;ater ollution1by the discharge of wastewaterfrom commercial and industrial

waste)intentionally or through sills* intosurface waters< discharges of untreated domestic sewage1

and chemical contaminants1 such as chlorine1from treated sewage< release of waste and

contaminants into surface runoffflowing to surface waters )including urban runoffand agricultural

runoff1 which may contain chemicalfertilizersand esticides*< waste disosal and leachinginto groundwater< eutrohicationand littering!

Pollutants

/ ollutant is a waste material that ollutes air1 water or soil! Three factors determine the severity of a

ollutant. its chemical nature1 the concentration and the ersistence!

6ffects

=uman health

/dverseair >ualitycan 'ill many organisms including humans! ?zone ollution can causeresiratorydisease1cardiovascular disease1throatinflammation1 chest ain1 andcongestion! ;ater ollution causes

aroximately #&1 deaths er day1 mostly due to contamination of drin'ing waterby

untreated sewagein develoing countries! /n estimated 3 millionIndianshave no access to a roer

toilet17"87"#8and 3% Indians die of water0related ollution every day!7"28Nearly 3 million Chinese lac'

access to safe drin'ing water!7""8/ 2# analysis estimated that #!2 million eole died rematurely in a

year in Chinabecause of air ollution!7"&8In 2@ it was estimated that inIndia1 air ollution is believed to

cause 32@1@ fatalities!7"385tudies have estimated that the number of eole 'illed annually in the +5

could be over 31!7"A8

?il sills can causes'inirritations and rashes! Noise ollution induces hearing loss1high blood

ressure1stress1 and slee disturbance! (ercuryhas been lin'ed to develomental deficitsin children

andneurologicsymtoms! ?lder eole are ma-orly exosed to diseases induced by air ollution! Those

with heart or lung disorders are at additional ris'! Children and infants are also at serious ris'! 4eadand

otherheavy metalshave been shown to cause neurological roblems! Chemical

andradioactivesubstances can causecancerand as well asbirth defects!

6nvironment

Pollution has been found to be resent widely in the environment! There are a number of effects of this.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soil_contaminationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soil_contaminanthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soil_contaminanthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrocarbonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heavy_metalshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heavy_metalshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MTBEhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pollution#cite_note-10http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herbicideshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herbicideshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pesticideshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pesticideshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chlorinated_hydrocarbonshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chlorinated_hydrocarbonshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radioactive_contaminationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radioactive_contaminationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomic_physicshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomic_physicshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpha_emitterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpha_emitterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Actinides_in_the_environmenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermal_pollutionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temperaturehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temperaturehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temperaturehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visual_pollutionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_power_transmissionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_power_transmissionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Billboard_(advertising)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Billboard_(advertising)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Landformhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Landformhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Landformhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strip_mininghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strip_mininghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Municipal_solid_wastehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Municipal_solid_wastehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Space_debrishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Space_debrishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Space_debrishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Space_debrishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_pollutionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_pollutionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wastewaterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Industrial_wastehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Industrial_wastehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Industrial_wastehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surface_waterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surface_waterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sewagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chlorinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chlorinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surface_runoffhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surface_runoffhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urban_runoffhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urban_runoffhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fertilizershttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fertilizershttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fertilizershttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pesticideshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Groundwaterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eutrophicationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_qualityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_qualityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_qualityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Respiratory_diseasehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Respiratory_diseasehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Respiratory_diseasehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Respiratory_diseasehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardiovascular_diseasehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Throathttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Throathttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nasal_congestionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nasal_congestionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drinking_waterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sewagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sewagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Developing_countrieshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pollution#cite_note-30http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pollution#cite_note-31http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pollution#cite_note-31http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pollution#cite_note-32http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pollution#cite_note-32http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pollution#cite_note-32http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pollution#cite_note-33http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/People's_Republic_of_Chinahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pollution#cite_note-34http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pollution#cite_note-35http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pollution#cite_note-35http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pollution#cite_note-36http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_skinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_skinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_skinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rashhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hearing_losshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High_blood_pressurehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High_blood_pressurehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High_blood_pressurehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stress_(medicine)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stress_(medicine)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sleep_disturbancehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercury_poisoninghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercury_poisoninghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Developmental_disorderhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neurologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neurologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lead_poisoninghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toxic_metalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toxic_metalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toxic_metalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radioactivehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radioactivehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carcinogenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cancerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cancerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mutagenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birth_defecthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birth_defecthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environment_(biophysical)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soil_contaminationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soil_contaminanthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrocarbonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heavy_metalshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MTBEhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pollution#cite_note-10http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herbicideshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pesticideshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chlorinated_hydrocarbonshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radioactive_contaminationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomic_physicshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpha_emitterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpha_emitterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Actinides_in_the_environmenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermal_pollutionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temperaturehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visual_pollutionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_power_transmissionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Billboard_(advertising)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Landformhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strip_mininghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Municipal_solid_wastehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Space_debrishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Space_debrishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_pollutionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wastewaterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Industrial_wastehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Industrial_wastehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surface_waterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sewagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chlorinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surface_runoffhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urban_runoffhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fertilizershttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pesticideshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Groundwaterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eutrophicationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_qualityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Respiratory_diseasehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Respiratory_diseasehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardiovascular_diseasehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Throathttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nasal_congestionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drinking_waterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sewagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Developing_countrieshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pollution#cite_note-30http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pollution#cite_note-31http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pollution#cite_note-32http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pollution#cite_note-33http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/People's_Republic_of_Chinahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pollution#cite_note-34http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pollution#cite_note-35http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pollution#cite_note-36http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_skinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rashhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hearing_losshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High_blood_pressurehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High_blood_pressurehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stress_(medicine)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sleep_disturbancehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercury_poisoninghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Developmental_disorderhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neurologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lead_poisoninghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toxic_metalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radioactivehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carcinogenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cancerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mutagenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birth_defecthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environment_(biophysical)

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Biomagnificationdescribes situations where toxins )such as heavy metals* may ass

through trohic levels1becoming exonentially more concentrated in the rocess!

Carbon dioxideemissions cause ocean acidification1 the ongoing decrease in the = of the

6arths oceans as C?2becomes dissolved!

The emission ofgreenhouse gasesleads to global warmingwhich affects ecosystems in many

ways!

Invasive seciescan out comete native secies and reduce biodiversity! Invasive lants can

contribute debris and biomolecules )alleloathy* that can alter soil and chemical comositions of an

environment1 often reducing native secies cometitiveness!

Nitrogen oxidesare removed from the air by rain and fertiliseland which can change the secies

comosition of ecosystems!

5mogand haze can reduce the amount of sunlight received by lants to carry

out hotosynthesisand leads to the roduction of troosheric ozonewhich damages lants!

5oil can become infertile and unsuitable for lants! This will affect other organismsin the food

web!

5ulfur dioxideand nitrogen oxidescan cause acid rainwhich lowers the =value of soil!

+o! it is celebrated

(o carry for!ard the a!areness amp message World

Pollution Prevention /ay is observed annually on

every /ecember 0. trong 2ventsstrong3arious

functions are held in educational institutions to

a!ard pri)es to !inners of elocution and dra!ing

competitions. 3arious eco-clubs of schools andcolleges spread the message of pollution prevention.

eaflets and information brochures are distributed by

the government and $567s advising the use of public

transportnbsp and using more eco-friendly products

in our daily life.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biomagnificationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biomagnificationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heavy_metalshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trophic_levelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trophic_levelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_dioxidehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_dioxidehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ocean_acidificationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenhouse_gashttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenhouse_gashttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Global_warminghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Global_warminghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Invasive_specieshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Invasive_specieshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biodiversityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allelopathyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Competition_(biology)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nitrogen_oxidehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nitrogen_oxidehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fertiliserhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fertiliserhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smoghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photosynthesishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tropospheric_ozonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Food_webhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Food_webhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sulfur_dioxidehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nitrogen_oxidehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acid_rainhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PHhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biomagnificationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heavy_metalshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trophic_levelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_dioxidehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ocean_acidificationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenhouse_gashttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Global_warminghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Invasive_specieshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biodiversityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allelopathyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Competition_(biology)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nitrogen_oxidehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fertiliserhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smoghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photosynthesishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tropospheric_ozonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Food_webhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Food_webhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sulfur_dioxidehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nitrogen_oxidehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acid_rainhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PH