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NATIONAL PLAN ONINDUSTRY 4.0
I TA LY ’ S I N D U S T R I A L P O L I C Y F O R I N N O VAT I O N
Stefano FirpoItalian Ministry of Economic DevelopmentDG for Industrial Policy, Competitiveness and SMEs
CHALLENGES, POLICY APPROACH AND SCOPE
2
3
Next Production Revolution
FORNITORICLUSTER DEI FORNITORI
CLUSTER DEGLI IMPIANTI PRODUTTIVIIMPIANTO PRODUTTIVO DEL FUTURO B
IMPIANTO PRODUTTIVO DEL FUTURO A
3D PRINTING /ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING
SENSORI
NANOTECNOLOGIE /MATERIALI AVANZATI
> Zero errori / dev iazioni> Reattiv ità> Tracciabilità> Prev edibilità
> Eliminazione degli scarti> Mass customization> Rapid prototy ping
> Prodotti a v alore aggiunto intelligenti> Differenziazione tecnica> Connettiv ità
ROBOT
CLOUD COMPUTING
> Sicurezza per l' "internet basedmanufacturing"
> Allungamento del ciclo vita dei prodotti tecnologici
CYBERSECURITY> Gestione della complessità> Creativ ità> Manufacturing collaborativo
> Cy ber Physical Systems (CPS)> Controllo numerico> Full automation> Sistemi totalmente interconnessi> Comunicazione "Machine to machine"
LOGISTICA 4.0> Catena di fornitura
pienamente integrata> Sistemi interconnessi> Perfetta coordinazione
BIG DATA
SISTEMI DI MANUFACTURING
EVOLUTI
CLIENTI
VEICOLI AUTONOMI
> Vicinanza Cliente - Marketing> Flessibilità> Perfetto incontro tra bisogni del
cliente e efficienza della produzione di massa
> On demand manufacturing
MASSCUSTOMIZATION
INTERNET OF THINGS
> Controllo elettronicodell'oggetto
> Comunicazione internet-oggetto
> Dati in real time> Magazzino ottimizzato> Minori scarti e sprechi
> Real time – Autonomia –Produttiv ità
> Completa trasparenza (contestua-lizzazione, robot collaborativi) sulla reportistica dei dati
> Ottimizzazione dei flussi
> Sicurezza aumentata> Riduzione dei costi
RISORSE DEL FUTURO
EOLICO ALTERNATIVE / NON CONVENZIONALI SOLARE GEOTERMICO
> Energie pulite e rinnov abili ovunque> Stoccaggio di energia> Materiali alternativ i
IMPIANTOPRODUTTIVO 4.0
PresenterPresentation NotesATTENZIONE: manca fonte figura
4
Key enabling technologies for industry 4.0
BIG DATA & DATA ANALYTICS
CLOUD COMPUTING& CYBER SECURITY
SENSOR SYSTEMSAND IOT
HUMAN MACHINEINTERFACE ARTIFICIAL
INTELLIGENCE
COLLABORATIVEAUTOMATION& ROBOTICS
ADDITIVEMANUFACTURINGNEW MATERIALS
5
Expected benefits within and outside the factory: smart factory and supply chain integration
Efficiency
Flexibility
Quality and sustainability
Speed
Higher flexibility: enabling small batches production, strong variety and customisation, all with the economies of scale of mass production
Faster time-to-market: product and process “digitaltwins” allow faster prototyping and factory layout design, saving time and costs
Higher productivity: thanks to lower set-up time and continuous monitoring, errors and downtimes are cutdown
Improved quality and sustainability: scrap reductionthanks to sensors that allow real-time production monitoring, smarter resource management, a more circular and ecological production
New business models
Higher competitiveness of products thanks to additional functionalities enabled by Internet of Things, which open the way for new business models
6
Industry 4.0: growth issues at stake in Italy
Stronger skills
Investments and innovation
Connectivity
Capital allocation and
productivity
Decreasing quantity of fixed industrial investments in the last 15 years: increasing obsolescence in installed equipment, risk aversion, underdeveloped VC market
Low quality of investment allocation: resources going to low-performing firms, misallocation within firms rather than sectors, rent seeking, and poor bank creditors’ discipline
Poor skills in STEM subjects: 25% of graduates in science and tech domains (OECD average: 22%) and low appeal of vocational education: >200,000 students do not go to university nor to tertiary professional education, poor re-placement services
70% of companies do not have adequate connectivity (>30 Mbps) and are located in grey/white areas (where providers experience some degree of market failure)
Digital Competitiveness
Italy ranks 25th out of 28 EU member States in the Digital Economy and Society Scoreboard: only 6.5% of SMEs are selling online. Well positioned in cloud computing, but…
7
90
95
100
105
110
115
120
125
130
135
1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011 2013 2015 201780
85
90
95
100
105
110
115
120
1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011 2013 2015 2017
GDP per capita(Index 2010=100)
Total employment(Index 2005=100)
Two lost decades: GDP per capita and employment
Source: Eurostat data
8
90
92
94
96
98
100
102
104
106
108
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
Total Factor Productivity(2010=100)
Gross Fixed Investment(2005=100)
Two lost decades: investments and productivity
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
Fonte: dati OECD Total Multifactor productivity Fonte: dati Eurostat
9
1. Non-seasonally adjusted dataSource: ISTAT 9
GDP (€ Mln; chain-linked volumes,
ref. year 2010)
Industrial production1
(Average for 2010 = 100)Employment
(in thousands of employees)
Impact of the crisis
2017 upswing
- 9.5%
+ 4.8%
Impact of the crisis
2017 upswing
- 26.1%
+ 8%
Impact of the crisis
2017 upswing
-1,057,000
+ 953,000
Macro-economic trends in the aftermath of the crisis
380.000
385.000
390.000
395.000
400.000
405.000
410.000
415.000
420.000
425.000
430.000
90
95
100
105
110
115
120
125
130
135
22.000
22.200
22.400
22.600
22.800
23.000
23.200
23.400
1
10
Industry 4.0: the Italian approach
Italian industrial sector features
• Few large industrial and ICT private players able to lead the Italian manufacturing transformation
• Limited number of industry champions able to coordinate the evolution/integration of value chains
• Industrial sector largely based on SMEs where productivity gains are more needed
• High quality of research but fragmented network of research/tech-transfer centers
• Strong manufacturing know-how and Made in Italy quality
Government guidelines
• Embrace a technological and sectoralneutrality logic
• Avoid “call for tender” logic; implement fiscal measures and horizontal actions
• Operate on enabling factors: investments, skills, infrastructures
• Steer existing instruments to promote technological leap and productivity
• Coordinate key stakeholders without acting as a controller or decision-maker
11
Industry 4.0: four pillars
SkillsEnabling Infrastructures
Innovative investments
Public instrumentsat support
• Stimulate private investments in new equipment and I4.0 transformation (super/hyper-depreciation, “NuovaSabatini”)
• Increase private expenditure in R&D&I (ad hoc tax credit)
• Patent Box to spur investment in intangible assets
• Spread the I4.0 culture through "ScuolaDigitale"1 and "Alternanza ScuolaLavoro”1 programmes
• Develop I4.0 skills in academic paths and vocational education: ITS2, CIF 4.0
• Financing research, upscaling Clusters and doctoral studies
• Create Competence Centers and a network of Digital Innovation Hubs
• Ensure adequate network infrastructure –Ultra Broadband Plan with a “Fiber to the factory” approach that prioritizes industrial areas
• Cooperate in the definition of IoT open standards and interoperabilitycriteria
• Attract FDI and support large I4.0 investments(Development Contracts, Innovation Agreements)
• Reinforce corporate finance, improve savings allocationtowards productive investments (Individual Saving Loans)
• Strengthen the productivity-salary taxation exchange through lower taxes on “productivity benefits”, negotiated in decentralized bargaining
1. Work-related learning; 2. Italian professional institutes
Core focus Supporting policy streams
12
MAIN SUPPORT MEASURES
12
13
Super- and Hyper-depreciation on capital goods
Innovative investments State-of-the-art after 2018 Budget
Super and Hyper-depreciation
Super
130%
• Hyper-depreciation rate confirmed• Phase out of super-depreciation (130%)• 140% for intangible assets, such as software, IT
systems and digital platforms
Hyper
250%
Deadline of prorogation• Hyper-deprecitation: investment made in 2018
or 2019, provided that by the end of 2018 the order has been accepted by supplier and 20% ofthe amount has been paid
• Super-depreciation: delivery date postponed to30 June 2019
14
Annex A to law 11 december 2016, no. 232
5 mandatory features
1. Instrumental goods whose operations are controlled by computerized systems or managed by dedicated sensors and drives
2. Quality assurance and sustainability systems
3. Devices for human-machine interaction and improvement of ergonomics and workplace security in a "4.0" logic
Items 2 and 3 require that systems/devices areinterconnected.Instrumental goods have to meet 5+2 requirements.
1. Control by CNC (Computer Numerical Control) or PLC (Programmable Logic Controller)
2. Interconnection to factory information systems with remote loading of instructions and/or part programs;
3. Automatic Integration with the logistics system of the factory or with the supply network and/or with other machines of the production cycle
4. Simple and intuitive interface between man and machine5. Fulfillment of the latest parameters of security, health
and hygiene at work
2/3 further requirements
1. Remote maintenance and/or tele-diagnosis systems and/or remote control
2. Continuous monitoring of working conditions and process parameters through appropriate sensor sets and adaptability to process drifts,
3. Characteristics of integration between the physical machine and/or the plant with the modeling and/or cyber-physical system
Super- and Hyper-depreciation: eligibility criteria
15
Super and Hyper-depreciation scheme: an example
Ordinarydepreciation rate
Super-depreciation(+30%)
Hyper-depreciation(+150%)
Deductible amount for corporate tax purposes 1,000,000 1,300,000 2,500,000
Tax saving (24% of deductibleamount) 240,000 312,000 600,000
Net cost of investment(1,000,000 – tax saving) 760,000 688,000 400,000
Increase in saving on net cost ofinvestment
7.2% 36.00%
(760,000 – 688,000)/ 1,000,000
(760,000 – 400,000)/ 1,000,000
The benefit may increase if mixed with interest rate subsidies from the so-called “New Sabatini” tool and financial leasing instruments
16
R&D Tax Credit: how it works
R&D&I expenditure (2017 example)
Average expenditure
R&DExp. 2017
R&DExp
2014
R&DExp 2013
R&DExp.2012
25% 50%
50% 50%
2016 2017
5 €M 20 €M
How to calculate
Rate forintra-murosexpenditures
Rate for extra-muros expenditures
Maximumbenefit
Incrementalexpenditure
compared to 2012-2014 average
Valid until 2020
R&D tax credit
17
Italy’s Patent Box
Optional tax regime: a deduction by 50% of taxable IRES income that demonstrably derives from direct or indirect use (as licensee) of IP, suchas: industrial models, patents, formulas, software protected by copyright, know-how.
It transposes into law OECD guidelines on harmful tax practises, beingonly applicable to the production, development and maintenanceactivities of IP that are based on real research and development(«nexus approach»).
It is a permanent fiscal instrument to reward firms that base theirvalue production on knowledge and IP.
It can be combined with the R&D Tax Credit.
In case of use of internally-developed IP, a ruling agreement with the Italian Revenue Agency is required.
18
Italy: the 2nd most attractive country for digital investment (Digital Tax Index 2017)
Country(Region)
Effective tax rate 2017
Ranking
Ireland -10.32% 1
Italy -8.84% 2
Hungary -6.85% 3
… … …
Switzerland (Zurich) 8.39% 11
United Kingdom 11.11% 16
France 12.39% 18
Spain 12.85% 20
Netherlands 13.61% 22
Germany 22.81% 31
USA (California) 22.82% 32
19
A top-10 country in the world for FDI attractivenessA.T. Kearney Foreign Direct Investment Confidence Index 2018
CountryRanking
2018
Var. 2017-2018
Var.2016-2018
United States 1 - -
Canada 2 +3 +2
Germany 3 -1 +1
United Kingdom4 - +1
China 5 -2 -3
…
Switzerland 9 +3 +2
Italy 10 +3 +6India 11 -3 -2
Singapore 12 -2 -2
Italy ranks 10th in the A.T. KearneyForeign Direct Investment ConfidenceIndex for 2018: a jump of six spots intwo years, more than any othercountry in the top-10.
The National Plan for Industry 4.0 isexplicitly mentioned in the report as alikely strong driver for foreigninvestment, in spite of increasedpolitical risk and middling economicgrowth.
20
FIRST RESULTS
20
2121
The role of incentives in 2017
Incentives considered «highly» or «fairly» relevant for making new investments(% manufacturing firms that invested in 2017, breakdown by size and geographic location)
Source: Istat, «Indagine sul clima di fiducia delle imprese manifatturiere» ad hoc form (November 2017)
22
Relevant I4.0 measures: Iperammortamento, Superammortamento and Nuova Sabatini
ΔDomesticorders ‘17 vs ‘16
~ 80 Mld €(100%) Machinery and other equipment
Upkeep and installation of machinery
Electric and electronic equipment
n.a.
Main categories
Other categories + 10%
35%
10%
18%
37%
+ 13%
+ 7%
Gross fixedcapital inv
22
+ 11%Totale*
Gross fixed investments: domestic orders trends
* Total manufacturing, excluding I4.0 domains: +3,2%. UCIMU index: +45.9 (2017/2016)
2323
Survey by MiSE-MET
DIFFUSION OF 4.0 TECHNOLOGIES
Detail by class size (%) Type of 4.0 technology used (%)
4.7% 3.9%
9.4%8.2%
2.9%
8.4%6.0%
18.4%
35.5%
47.1%
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
40%
45%
50%
Total 1-9 10-49 50-249 250 andmore
Traditional businesses with 4.0 investment planned Businesses 4.0
Almost 20% of small firms
48.1% 49.9% 48.8%
37.6%
24.0%
16.0% 17.3% 14.8% 12.5%6.8%
35.9%32.7%
36.4%
50.0%
69.2%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
Total 1-9 10-49 50-249 250 andmore
Only data technologyOnly production technologyBoth data and production technology
2424
Purpose of using 4.0 technology
Make production more flexible 25.3%
Increase productivity
New markets/business models
Decrease employees
Reduce errors/quality
Security
46.3%
21.9%
6.3%
63.4%
20.9%
Survey by MiSE-MET
2525
Tax creditamount
No. ofrecipients
Naturalpersons
3,841,968 185
Limitedcompanies
1,256,061,655 15,520
Partnerships 15,600,636 475
Other 7,350,900 95
546,863
1,282,855
0
400,000
800,000
1,200,000
1,600,000
2016 2017
Tax credit amount (.000)
8,096
16,262
03,0006,0009,000
12,00015,00018,000
2016 2017
Number of companies
2017
Use of R&D tax credit and R&D expenditure by surveyed companies
26
R&D expenditure (Istat report, 10 September 2018)
1.27 1.31 1.34 1.341.38
0.69 0.71 0.76 0.780.84
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
Total Companies
R&D expenditure as % of GDP
• In-house research grows significantly (+9.3%)
• Personnel employed in R&D: +11.7% in total and +16.4% in companies.Highly-qualified personnel (researchers) grow only by 6.6%
• Applied research constitutes 43.3% of overall R&D; growth in 2016 regardsmostly experimental research
2016
2017 Foreseen increase in R&D expenditure by 1.8% (private and public sectors)
27
Venture Capital investmentsRelevant I4.0 measures : incentives to equity investments, possibility to sell startup losses to «sponsor companies», equity crowdfunding
• In the first 7 months of 2018, Italy ranks 7th in Europe + Israel area by number of VC rounds >€2M (104).
• The Italian VC market therefore exceeds €200M in the first 7 months of 2018, without considering €2M (+175%).
27
28
Largest deals in 2018
€46MFormerinnovative startup
€13MInnovative SME», former innovative startup
€10MInnovative startup
€10MInnovative startup
The growth of the Italian VC market
Source: estimates of Osservatorio Startup Hi-Tech, PoliMi
Venture Capital investmentsRelevant I4.0 measures : incentives to equity investments, possibility to sell startup losses to «sponsor companies», equity crowdfunding
Formal (VC)
28
Grafico1
2014201420142014
2015201520152015
2016201620162016
2017201720172017
Informal (i.a. BA, EC…)
Internationals
Totale
formali (VC)
informali (BA, EC, etc.)
internazionali
Total120
Total147
Total217
Total261
120
63
57
0
147
76
71
0
217
101
81
35
261
80
89
92
Foglio1
Totaleformali (VC)informali (BA, EC, etc.)internazionali
201412063570
201514776710
20162171018135
2017261808992
29
Ultra Broadband Plan
National coverage of Ultrabroadband(public consultation forecast, %)
Fonte: Dati Infratel su 32 milioni di civici (stanziamenti pubblici http://www.camera.it/temiap/documentazione/temi/pdf/1104721.pdf29
52.4%
71.2%
86.5%
5%
100%
http://www.camera.it/temiap/documentazione/temi/pdf/1104721.pdfGrafico1
20172017
20182018
20192019
20202020
30 Mbps
100 Mbps
47.1
53.6
46.7
49.3
5.3
17.5
39.8
50.7
47.1
5.3
53.6
17.5
46.7
39.8
49.3
50.7
Foglio1
30 Mbps100 Mbps
201747.15.3
201853.617.5
201946.739.8
202049.350.7
Per ridimensionare l'intervallo di dati del grafico, trascinare l'angolo inferiore destro dell'intervallo.
30
MEASURES TO ENHANCECOMPETENCES
30
31
Fill the knowledge gap of the labour force
Source: Eurostat
Digital skills gap to cover% high digital skills in the labour force
(employed and unemployed; 2016)
Total workforce taking part in training courses, 24-65 years old
% %
Grafico1
UKUKUK
GERGERGER
Ø EUØ EUØ EU
SPASPASPA
FRAFRAFRA
ITAITAITA
0 (l'azienda non ha speso in ricerca e sviluppo)
Fino a 50.000
Da 50.001 euro a 250.000 euro
50
39
37
37
33
29
Foglio1
0 (l'azienda non ha speso in ricerca e sviluppo)Fino a 50.000Da 50.001 euro a 250.000 euro
UK50
GER39
Ø EU37
SPA37
FRA33
ITA29
Per ridimensionare l'intervallo di dati del grafico, trascinare l'angolo inferiore destro dell'intervallo.
Grafico1
FRAFRAFRA
UKUKUK
Ø EUØ EUØ EU
SPASPASPA
GERGERGER
ITAITAITA
0 (l'azienda non ha speso in ricerca e sviluppo)
Fino a 50.000
Da 50.001 euro a 250.000 euro
18.8
14.4
10.8
9.4
8.5
8,3
18.8
14.4
10.8
9.4
8.5
8.3
Foglio1
0 (l'azienda non ha speso in ricerca e sviluppo)Fino a 50.000Da 50.001 euro a 250.000 euro
FRA18.8
UK14.4
Ø EU10.8
SPA9.4
GER8.5
ITA8.3
Per ridimensionare l'intervallo di dati del grafico, trascinare l'angolo inferiore destro dell'intervallo.
32
Incentivise 4.0 training to protect and strengthenemployment
Tax Credit for 4.0 training
• A 40% tax credit on the cost of personnel employed in training courses for the acquisition and consolidation of skills in 4.0 technologies
• Maximum contribution per company of 300,000 € / year
• Validity: on an experimental basis for the year 2018
• Legal basis: Regulation (EU) No 651/2014
• Applicable regardless of hyper-depreciation
• The costs incurred for internal teaching or tutoring staff are also eligible.
33
Strengthen the ITS system
€95m between 2018 and 2020 to increase the number of students enrolled in the ITS system, from current 9,000 to about 20,000
Number of students enrolled
In thousands
Plan to reinforce resources to ITS
€ mln11 16 ≈20
Thousandsof students ≈9
Grafico1
GERGERGER
FRAFRAFRA
SPASPASPA
ITAITAITA
0 (l'azienda non ha speso in ricerca e sviluppo)
Fino a 50.000
Da 50.001 euro a 250.000 euro
≈9
760
529
400
9
Foglio1
0 (l'azienda non ha speso in ricerca e sviluppo)Fino a 50.000Da 50.001 euro a 250.000 euro
GER760
FRA529
SPA400
ITA9
Per ridimensionare l'intervallo di dati del grafico, trascinare l'angolo inferiore destro dell'intervallo.
Grafico1
201720172017
201820182018
201920192019
202020202020
Colonna1
Serie 2
Colonna2
65
65
10
65
35
65
50
Foglio1
Colonna1Serie 2Colonna2
201765
2018651075
20196535100
2020655033%
Per ridimensionare l'intervallo di dati del grafico, trascinare l'angolo inferiore destro dell'intervallo.
686942509693790
1033021767912098129%
877285315614088416%
68.69425.09693.79
103.30217.679120.981
87.72853.156140.884
34
Digital Innovation Hubs
Features:
• Point of contact and information for companies on I4.0
• Selected DIH located at Confindustria's and R.E.TE. Imprese Italia's branches
Mission:
• Awareness creation on I4.0 opportunities
• Digital maturity assesment• Support in innovative
investment planning
• Orientation to Competence Centers and I4.0 network
• Support in accessing public and private financing solutions/investors
• Mentoring services
Gov. and Public
Institutions
Startups
Universities
ClustersAssociations
Player industriali
SMEsIncubators
Investors
I4.0 Competence Center
Features:
• Few and selected national Competence Centers, putting together the best practices
• Strong involvement of leading Italian universities and private players (PPPs)
• Ad hoc governance and adequate managerial skills
Mission:
• Live demos on new technologies and access to I4.0 best practices
• Technical advisory on I4.0 for SMEs • Launch and acceleration of
technological development and innovative projects with high TRL
• Trial support and "on-site" development of new I4.0 technologies
• On-site I4.0 advanced training• Coordination with European CCs
Research Centers
CC
CC CC
Digital Innovation Hubsand I4.0 Competence Centers
35
Public resources The tender process: milestones
Create a national network of centers of excellence, to support technology transfer to Italian SME and be more competitive in view of FP9
• €70m to support the start-up costs of the centers and to finance the demand for projects by companies
• Each centre may receive a public contribution up to a maximum of::- €7.5m to cover up to 50% of the costs
incurred for establishment and start-up of the CC
- €200,000 for each project submitted bycustomer firms
29/1 30/4
Tender opens
Tender closes
24/5
Provisionalranking
8 projects selected
31/12
Allocation ofresources
35
Competence Centers: timetable
36
Lead partner Name of Competence Center
1 Politecnico di Torino Manufacturing 4.0
2 Politecnico di Milano Made in Italy 4.0
3 Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna BI-REX
4 Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna di Pisa ARTES 4.0
5 Università degli Studi di Padova SMACT
6 Università degli Studi di Napoli “Federico II” Industry 4.0
7 Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche START 4.0
8 Università degli Studi di Roma “La Sapienza” Cyber 4.0
Competence Centers: selection results
Slide Number 1Slide Number 2Next Production RevolutionKey enabling technologies for industry 4.0Expected benefits within and outside the factory: �smart factory and supply chain integrationIndustry 4.0: growth issues at stake in ItalySlide Number 7Slide Number 8Slide Number 9Industry 4.0: the Italian approachIndustry 4.0: four pillarsSlide Number 12Super- and Hyper-depreciation on capital goodsSlide Number 14Super and Hyper-depreciation scheme: an exampleR&D Tax Credit: how it worksItaly’s Patent BoxItaly: the 2nd most attractive country �for digital investment (Digital Tax Index 2017)Slide Number 19Slide Number 20The role of incentives in 2017Gross fixed investments: domestic orders trendsSurvey by MiSE-METSlide Number 24Slide Number 25R&D expenditure (Istat report, 10 September 2018)Slide Number 27Slide Number 28Slide Number 29Slide Number 30Fill the knowledge gap of the labour forceIncentivise 4.0 training to protect and strengthen employmentStrengthen the ITS systemDigital Innovation Hubs�and I4.0 Competence CentersSlide Number 35Slide Number 36