'i ~~") f : u- :)I)-V

,I-\d}

Un nt National Park

This form is lor use in nominating or requesting dol8rmiriCtlions of 8li.;:JitJility lor individuCiI propiJrties or aistricts. S8e instructions in Guidt)/ines for Comp/Ming Nationa/ RBfjlst8r Forms (Nation3i Rogistar 8ullulin 1 E). Compl8te Goch il6m by marking "x" in the Eppropriate box or by entering thB requ8S1t3d information. It an item does not D.priy I:; Itld p rup0r1y being dOCUmlJtlt&d. enter "~~/A" lor "not appiicabltl." For functions, styles, materials, i:3nd ar83S of significance, enttlr only the c::ltegoritls nnd subcutegoriGs listed in the instructions. For additional SPdC8 use continuation sheots (Form 10-900a). Type a:! entrios.

historic name Pi 1 at !~i11

other namos/site number

2. Location street & number

city, town

1121 Haynes _Str..:::.c..::.:.l~..:::..t ____________________ ...::.N..:....· /t....:A:...=--.;.::[=;..J_n_o_l_to_r....:p~t_J.b_l_ic_a_t_ion Raleigh t;!A L ]vicinity

_ st_a_t_e __ t~lo~\,_"·~th~C~,a~l"~o~l~i~n~a~ ____ c_ode N~~ ___ ...::.c~0~u~n~tLy ___ ~I~~a~ke~ ______ c~o~·d~e~J~8~3~ _________ 2Jip __ c_o_d_e_'Q?j7~6~O~4~ __

Ownership 01 Property

CXl private D public-local o public-Stdte

o public-FedBral

Category of Property

o building(s)

W district

Dsite o strJctt.!fB [-1.

I (lO'oct __ J )

r'-l::;.mA 01 rel81IJd multiple prupr::(ty listing: ii/A ---"--.-.------------------------~

Number of Resources within Property

Contributing Noncontributing _ 7__ _ ~_ buildings

____ sites

1 st,.uc:turu~. ___ . __ ._ objects

8 5 Totul

l'-lumber of cOiltributing resources P:i;;,/!cusly listed in the National F(egister __ Q. _____ _

4. _~t~I~/F-e-':~!il1 ~~~ C~r1iti~~!io~ ___ . __ -_________ . __________ - ____ _ .-----.----------.------------.------------------.----------------------------------·---1 I ~:"'S_ the deslgncHed RuthcJrlty unJer the. N;::aiona! Historic Pr8;3BfV8.tion A:~t 0f 1966, as amended, I hf,raby ce:1ify li'H:lt this ! i txJ i'l81nIrial:Q:-\ [J r equesl fur d8termmalion or eli~ibillty meets lh8 documentation standards tor registering properties in the I ! National Re:]lster of HlslOric Places and meets tnE; procedural and professional IOquiremenls sd ronh in 36 CFR Part £0, I I In 7tp;1' , Q:/~~~ meeL 0 aoes net meet the National Register criteria. D See continuation shaet :

I __ )'1 :,' r-" ·1A16 /... ~/7-g7 I i Signature oi c8r.iiying oliicidl ' / i.: Da(8 i 'I Slatc~ Historic Preservation Officer I I SImi) or Fed"ral ag8ncy and bureau _____________ .J

r--- In my opinion, the property 0 meets D uOes (lot rnecll the I'Jational I I I

S,gniJlure 01 commt3nling 01 olhor of1iciZlI

Stolle or F8der<.t1 agency and burbau

---·-----------1 Re,]i::>tsr criteiia. 0 See con:muation -;:tl-';~~ - I

I - Date I

I

I I

- ____ ._1

5. National Park S~j'vict~ Ccrtificdtion ---=---.-:..--:.--,------------,-------------.-~-----.. ------

I, h8leby, curiiry ina! t;,:s prorlurty is:

[] enit:rea in tn~~ Nationai i1f:£jISrd

II Sue COnillwa(i0n sh.sel.

[':=-J determinod 01igibl8 tor Uh:! Nellie'I-lnl RtiGislfir. D Soe C()ntilll,.1(· .. ti0n shl..:lt){

o J..:::t;;;(lllined not eligible tor tllo t J<1tional R·:lgisI8r.

C=-j ri..~J·10yec) (Ic,n-I lhE:: t'lCiI:O(lc.1 F1e01~ ;01,

l=-J (i:rlt:r, «,Xriiii'l_) ____ . ________ . ________ ._. __ _

Illilnllfac tile; orl

Architectural (enter categories from instructions)

Other: vernacular Industrial Classjcal Reyival

Describe present and historic physical appearance.

See continuation sheets.

Current (enter cat8~ories from

Materials (enter categories from instructions)

foundation -J.B..ut-li'-'-c-&o.k _______________ _

walls Brick

roof Synthetics other Cone ret e

Metal

[Sjl See continuation sheet

I NPS rCYTll l(·-Y)).~

(fI-/Xl) ,

United States De rtment of the Interior Nationsl Park Service

t t Pilot Mill

Description of P hysical Appearance

The Pilot f1i11 is 1j 5.7 acre site on the nor-theasl.;Jrn rim of the centrel business

district of Raleigh. North Carolina. approxImately one mlle from Hs epicenter. tI:e N.C. state

capitol building. The cornp1ex contains :3 structures, varying 'jn construction dole from 1894

to 1965 and in composition from brick and CUnCrEile to metal-clad. Eight of these are

wntribut ing.

The site is trengu18r with lii8 01d SeaboardA,irlino Railwny tr~~ks forming 'its

western bOU;:J6i'Y, Hcynes and Cedar- Streets its east anlisouth boundew18s, respectiyoly. I\cross

frOrtl :~e site. 6lU(ig CeCG!'·. is the Ha] ifax Court. 10w i ncom8' !wusi ng Dr-oj eet, undo I Q long HaynGs) a

co~r:p18X j~; hvCl i0l10 LJ/J:KS due nortrl of P2.oce COrlPQ8, a s:no11 f)resbytGricn 'Nomen's junior

0011e~J8 ar,rj Rcleigrl lnsUtu~ion for rnof'etllan. 130 ye(!I'~;',

1~18 COri:p"8x is remarkably w811-pr-esurv8d, becQus8 it WaS (J wot'king miil un?,))

th8 1960's, buildings have been added, including severa] unadorned brick or metClI-clad storage

structures. Some rIlOGHici1tion of the origin6i structures haS oct:urred, but nene of th8SB

all.eratlons has appreciably affected the oye,'all lntegrlty of the complex. A four-stage tcJ.".er on

the NE ele'v'aljon of BldQ. :tt 1 was demoPshed during subsequent enlargement.

A rescription of the struc1urGS follows, keyed to thG enclosed site plan:

(Note: "C" and "NS" stand for Contributing and No~-ContribuUnQ.)

6undinol'!o,1 "e" ~a ',894 1903. 191ft . ,.

A twu-story brick '/ernGcuiar industrja] building

':Yitn a br'lck foundation. featuring 3J winLyJW bayS Oil the sout.heast

and 7 on the east facades, The top rank features rounded arches; the

grou ~d rank features s8Qmen to 1 re Ilev ing 8~c;h8'; /d]ai8 hr lsk

~ n fi 1 ; sd, A der,ti led br 1ck C0l.1i·S8 :.:cnnects the ~rct)3S [J8tweer, bays

3~,d S'd8~!ds bGyol1d I.hem Thc;-'8 ls 8\'r~8f1Ce. on 1.118 southeast s:ds,

o( A C8mo I ished cne- stOt 'l m id- W J 11 e:-:t':f"!S ion V" itt) a slab

U rl National Park Service

Pilot Mill

Section number _7 __ P ag e --=:2:.-_

foundation. The south corner features a fire escape; the northeast,

a late, square, three-story tower and a contemporaneous two-story

stair tower with an arched roof. To the west is a later two-story

extension with an unadorned parapet or false front. The word

"Offlce" appears ln faded palnt on the east facade. The interior of

this building ~s maple floored (now badly water damaged). Typical

of buildings of its type and era, its raking roof is timber framed,

individual members of which are supported by two rows of

chamfered columns running the length of the building, topped by

cast-iron bracing caps which hold the individual timbers in place

al their joints. At the cornice, these timbers pierce the slruclure1s

brick skin, forming wooden corbel-like extrusions on the exterior,

resembling brackets, beneath the original wood box gutters. The

building also features a series of hurricane anchor bolts. This

building flrst appeared on the 1896 Sanborn Insurance Map

apprOXimately half its current length. Its deSignated use was

weaving, beaming, quilting, splning, and carding. It was subsequently­

extended sometime before 1903 and again prior to 1914.

BuildinqNo.2 "C" ca. 1896,ca. 1914,ca. 1917

The rJ,~iginal smaller struclure used as the dyehouse was located at the

west end. Sometime prior to 1914 and again in t 917 the structure

was extended to its current shape and s1ze. It 1s a one-story red brick

structure with tile coping on the parapet, a brick and slab foundation

and a built-up roof. Like Building No.1, it has a timber roof framing

system with chamfered columns topped by cast- iron bracing caps at

008 ~ 1+0. /024-0018

tiPS FOfTll 10. \lOO--<II (."1-00)

National Park Service

Pilot L'all

Section number ----:.. __ Page _3 __

the timber joints. Steel beams have replaced parts of the orginal

timber roof framing system at the south end. Steel columns have also

been added 1n places at the south end.

Building NO.3 "C" 1920s

Th1s structure 1s attached to the northeast facade of Building:# 1

and is situated between this and Building #2. It is a narrow I

two-story brick industrial building with a built-up roof. Like

Building # 1 , it has a timber roof fram ing system with chamfered

columns topped by cast-iron bracing caps at the timber joints. Steel

beams have replaced parts of the orginal timber roof framing system

at the south end. Steel columns have also been added in places at the

south end. This infill building does not appear on the 1920 plat

(Wake Co. Plat Book 1, p. 31 ), and it must have been built short ly

afterward.

Building #4 "NC" ca. 1950

This 1s a two-story brick structure with concrete slab

under layment, concrete or brick foundation, and built-up roof.

There is evidence on both the interior and exterior that this structure

was orginally smaller and later extended to its current size.

Building #5 "NC" ca. 1950

The original two story brick structure (ca. 1894) housing the

original qOiler bullding was totally rep laced in the 1950's or 1960's

probab ly at the last phase of modernizal ion. R.emnants of the original

brick structure are stlll apparent at the corner of the north and south

008 ~ 1+0. 10'24-0018

lIPS Fc.'0TI \CL":':-' (l>--Nl)

United State Depctrtm lit of National Park Service

!rlterlof

Pilot Mill

S8ction r.urTlber _~___ ParJ8 _L. _____ .

wall and again where Bullding.#5 abuts Building #3. The existing

building is wood fraille construct ion bui It on top of parts of the

original brick foundation with 8 built - up shed roof end exterior'

hor1zontal wood siding. Most of the interior 1s occupied wHh

mechankal equ ipment that appear to be contemporary.

Structur~~ tIC"~ Bstween 1896 and 1903

A tall brick smokc stock with metal str'aps first appeared on the

Sanbor n I r,suro;'1C~ 1'1aps in 1903.

Thi~ two stOi''y' twicJ str-UClUf'8 with a concrete :ol1ndalion and

bu il t -up reaf (';rsl.sppears on the 1920 plat (Wake Co. P lot Book i ,

p.31). There is extensive evidence of water ledkoge and damage

through the roof. l"fle origlr.ol basement structural system of

concrete and brick beams and columns is badly deteriorated. Steel

Goiumns hove been added to reinforce the structure. Steellully

columns end "I" beams have also been added to the ground floor to

reinfore the ex.isting timber str'uctur5l system. The original timber

beliffls pIerce the building's brick walls, formjng wooden corbel-like

extrusions on the exterior sim i lar to those found on Building # 1. Ths

W831 e18'(ation haS tile original 12 over 12 wood frame wimk)ws sti 1'1

in p'ujce. TtJ'3 wIndows in the east elevatlon have been removed and

rep locso with ur ick infi II.

fu.J.JilllliL~.7_ "~K;" sa. ! 966

A lV.'o storv brick structure with e concretE: foundation and bui]t- up

· I41'S r0<'7T1 ~O-';.O)-"

(8~)

Unite 0 p3rtrnent of the 111~erlor National Park Service

f t

e Pilot Mill

S8ction number . __ .,_L_ Page _, __ , ___ . 5. __

Building#8 "(;" Ca. 1920

A one story wood fl'crne, meta l-c loci structure wi lh a concrete slab

under 1ayment ane meta 1 roof l!sed for storage. Fi.r s t appear s on the 1920 pInt (W~ke County Plat Book 1, page 31).

IliIild!orJ .1+9 "C" 1920s or 1930s

The machine,house is a two story structure composed of brier, and

wood freme exler lor wa 115, a heavy frame and post structura I S"(.steITl,

and built-up roof. It abuts Building:t:2 on the SGut.h and part of the

Ga~t f>ids. A sOlen structure edded n~uch iater funeUonir:g as a

p2ssa~2vr'tl\l connsct.s it to t.\ul'!ding .#' -1. Tr18 bricK nor'th wa) I is the

12 pcne wood fl'uil1e pi'-.'oU::rJ winoo·Y'.'s, There ls extensive 6virjel1C8 of

ooterioration. This building does not 8ppear on the 1920 p lut 1 yet Hs

constr'u~lion details jnoicate a pre V";or:(;War Ii cnm.>truclion date,

buildw.Q..No, JJ2 "C" ca. 1910

The office, shIppIng c:nd jnsp8ction~uildjng seated paialle110 the

Hay:1G:J St s 100 of the sltG) ob: ~que to Hie other I more uti 1 iter ian

industr'ia'\ structures, is the most oi'crltecturol1y ornamented

bulldl ng j n the camp lex, ! t fj rsl appears on the Sanborn I nSUra;(C8

Maps in 191 () (w~roxlmaltjl)' two thirds sllcrlor than its existing

size. Tho Wake Coun1.'1 property records indicate that it was up dated

irl 1915. It is a b~l(f brick tv/a-story Classical Revivai structure

wHh brick fluoins, 20 window bays on the east focade end five bays on

HIe sOli~.h, Ths contrB1 bay an this focade features ths m2:n 8ntry with

u Ded'iment:3d porch c(Jv8r~ing a doub'18- i8GY8d cjool' flanked by flut.8d

tlrs Fonn 10-V'JJ-<t!

(f-M)

U nit edt ate 0 e p 8 rt nl e n t National Park Service

t h I n t e rio I"

IS r f r! U Pilot ~rill

,ssctic./l nu:r:ber ____ 1___ Page ___ 0 _

columns reached by steps which mount the podium, The slairs are

guarded by awrought iron railing, The south facade also features

segmental arched windows with keystones on the first story (below

grade) and rounded archb:l windows with fan lights on the second

floor, surmounted by br ickwork - panelled faux battlements on the

-building's fore-section with molded cornices and stepped parapets

leading bock to a flat, uncdorned cornice on the-building proper, This

buIlding features the sofTIe structurol system as Buildlng:lt 1, with

one row of smoGth-CQ"; JfI;ed supports und weod be.oms extending

Hwcugh the bujld~iig's b~jck skin) in this ca:;6 squared 0t th~ exterior

cd.;-u.sion ~(lint. -:-r!8N;~jO'.',/~; on the east facade hoVe. brick and

p lYWOLIiJ i nfi 1'1 , or' , W:~: =: retai ned, 12/1 2 daub lE.- hung sashp.s or

piate gloSS rGplosems:lt:. There are 1.\'/0 one-story br1ck extensions

(ca, 1953) adj acsnt tJ i ~s north and west facades.

Buildjngll "NC" 1958

A late brick industricl s~,:ucture with a bUilt-up roof used for

storage,Originally cor,st~ucted in 1958, it was extensively Dltered in

i 964.

St!~ucture B "tiC" ca, 1965

A wood coo 1 i ng tower.

Certifying oHicial has considered the significance of this property in relation to other

[] nationally statewide locally

App!icab,e ~Jational Register Criteria WA B WC D

Criteria Considerations (Exc8pli')ns) n A [] G 0 COD

Areas of Significallce (enter categcries from instructions)

Industry /\.rc~;i t(~C~I,(tc.

-------------------------------

Significant Person N/A

Period of Significance

__ L .. J 894 - )93~ ____ . __

CultLlral AHiliation N/A

ArchitecUSuilder Unknown

Significant Dates

-C;;._,. _1.8.2~ .. _

Statfl significance of property, and justify criteria, criteria considerations, and areas and p€riods of significance noted above.

~ee continuation sheets.

l1:TsG€ continuation sheet

tiP Storm 10-VJJ--o (l1.{)1l)

Unl d tates Deportment of th Na.tional Park Service

ist t

Statement of Significance

Interior

t Pilot Mill

The P ilo+. Mill. built, ca. 1894 in Raleigh. is significant relative to Cril8rio~~and

represents an i m.Qortaot stage in th8ueve loomen! of the text Ile industry in cit ies the $i7e of

E.a lslgtl (population 15.000 wheY! the m ill was bui 10 in the North Carol ina piedmont between

~h8 yoars 189D and 1920. T f) '0 lesser extent. it is a 1so sionificant re laUYs to Criter ion C. s: nce

.11nwresents J we1J-Dr~IToollQtlh Caronna orchltec1ur'oJ tipe, the textlle mjllJ;QIDJ2.l.ill~ b.ottL$kuct~![9 \ CCjflP-QnGI1~Qnd use~ pJthough the m i 11 operated unt i1 1982 J its period of

s1Qi'lHicanco 8licsin 1939 J the lost year iii which the rni1l met trls fifty-year criterion.

Th(~ lUI'n-()f U1E:! sentur''y' was a period ch6roctel'ized bY' change and aGI~omrnQ(Jdtic:n j;'.

H:e rxvs'lopmenl 01 the text i ie ind~str'y, as the industry attempted to adapt \0 s8verol fact()rs

HIe!. impacted Its growth. One was H18 rapld though brlef rsvolutlon ill text·lle technOlOgy between

1880 and 1690 which r:eduCRAl tile need for sk i 11ed workers in whal hoo been J un111 Hie 1880's I

a labor- j nlensiv8 industry ut il iz1 ng unsk i lled rura 1 labor; another was the innovation of

purchased hydroe ledr ic power for the runn i flQ of m i 11s. Tllese developments led to "Ur' ban __ :--:-_ _

drift," an atypical movement of southern textile mills to uroen (or urbanizirg) are~s, Sines

urban areas were c lCGer to sources of sk i ned labor and surface transportatlon and, bocause, by

1890, mll1s no longer requ;red seil-contained waler power, urban locatiuns had becomE; botn

possible anu necess::wy. The founding and exper'ien88 of the Pl10t tVlil1 in tho 1890's throuoh :.he

buff8tt6d It and shcped its course for' the flrst rlali of the 20th centul'y,

The Pl10t Mill was founded co. 1894 by James end Williarr, H, Williamson, du r1 ng

a perio(j :n w~,';C:1 Koieigh WaS experiencin'J growing pains on as wcy to 1880's, Hlere were ~IO

textile bscomillg on urban c-enter', ~~ot untll ~h8 1880's did trl6 soutrl8ast s8c1.lon e,f the old

OMB ~ No. 1014-0018

rl National Park Service

:Pilot Mill

Section number _ ....... 8,,--- Page --6-2-

Confederacy seriously challenge New England textlle hegemony. In fact, until the latter 1880's,

there were no textile mills at all in Raleigh ( 1), most of them havfng been buflt on North

Carolina's "textile spine" along the rivers of her central counties between Winston-Salem and

Charlotte.

T he reasons for this are severa 1. I n the ear ly years of text i Ie production, mills nooded

their own sources of water power which the rivers provided. At the same time, labor, while

abundant, was dispersed, and extensive capital investment was necessary to produce worker

housing, company stores, schools and other amenities to lure worker families from rural areas

to industry-built mill towns, The general pattern, thus, was diffusion, a "pattern of

'i ndustrial- rura l' development" with sma 11 vi 11 ages housing large text i le comD lexes (2), This

diffusion resulted in a concommitant delay in urbanization across the state. The paternalistic

climate of the mill town discouraged the "secondary linkages" of service industries and retailing

that tended to produce cities, a fact which accounted for Raleigh's relative late start as a textile

center,

Counter pressures, however, In the years prior to the founding of the Pilot Mill, were

apparently sufficient to overcome this industry-wide tendency to avoid cities, Between 1880

and 1900 I innovations in textile production were intr()(j,ucOO, These included "the ring spindle

[which] was automatlc, making skilled labor in the spinning room almost unnecessary and. , ,---­

the introduction of the Northrop Loom by the Draper Company in 1894 [which] did for weaving

what the ring spindle did for spinning (3), II

Mills that were already in production either made what adj ustments they could to

these innovations (the employment of women and children in the cloth making process become

more commonp lace ), or they continued the'i!' estab lished practices since these new technologies

were "ideally suited [to] the production of coarse and mill-based industrial-rural diffusion in

the established ml1js, founders of new mills were able to take advantage of surface

transportatlon systems and the growing tendancy medium yarns and cloth. , , r in which) the

ear 1 iest southern mills had been special izi ng ( 4)." Thus I while technological innovations did

liPS Fom. 10-~ (f}-OO)

U National Park Service

Pilot ~'·iill

Section number __ 8_ Page ___ 3

little to alter the pattern of mill-based industrial-rural diffusion in the established miils,

founders of new m 11ls were ab 1e to take advantage of surface transportation systems and the

growing tendancy of m ills to purchase power rather than generate 1t on-site, building their

mills on railroad lines through southern c1tles like Raleigh, forgIng stronger lInks to the north

where coarse southern products were made into finished goods by New England mills.

Though this tendency by no means eliminated the pattern of village-based mills, it did

tend to counteract the decentrallzlng effects of new mill establlshment - - so much so, that by

the 1920's, this urban movement had become common. According to a 1923 source, "mills

prefer[ ed) to purchase power from [power] companies for [severa I reasons] ," chief among

which was an economy which reduced the investment costs of automation (5),

Raleigh participated in tllis evolutiun towards urban- industriel growth. In 1885,

for instance, before textile technology and purchased hydroelectric power became the rule, she

had only 15 major industries, four planing mills, four wagon factories, two cotton gins, three

foundaries, two boiler factories--and no textile mills (6), By 191 0, when)~aleigh had electric

power from three sources, she had, according to one commentary, "f1ve cotton m Ills and several

hosiery plants (7)," and at its peak the PHot Cotton M111 and Raleigh's other major textile

producer, the Caraleigh Mill, had become the only two mills in Raleigh that produced unfinished

sheet goods. The smaller of the two, the Pilot Mill had 8000 spindles (to GaraJeigh's 10,816),

325 looms (to Caralelgh's 436), and 225 emp loyees (to Caraleigh's 235). Raleigh's other

mills, the Raleigh Cotton Mllls, Martin Knitting Mills, Melrose Knitting Mills and Raleigh

Hosiery Company produced hosiery yarns or finished hosiery and undergarments (8).

Context Statement; ArchHecture

The Pilot Mill is one of only three textile mills known to survive in Raleigh.

Preservation of these remnants of Raleigh's small manufacturing base is important to give a

true picture of the history of this state capitol city. The presence of the stylish ca. 1910 mill

IJrs Foon .,O-IXX}-<t

(3-M)

U nit d S 0 e p & rt rn e il t 0 f h e I n t e rio r National Park Service

t r f i t r i t

r ct' on r U t11 ,-) e t' G 08 I .; L, . ________ _

Pilot t1ill

offlce makes Pilot I~ill the most architecturally signiflcc;nt textile mill complex ~urYiYing in

Raloigh. Although the architests end controctors of this mlll ere unknown, the mesterfuls

Integration of faux battlements and stepped parapets wlth elements of ClassIcal Revival Design In

the office building is re luted to the ear ly twentleth century tobacco warehouses bui It in nsarby

D'Jrharn for ths Duke end Liggett and ~1yers tobacco companies. The more utiliterian mill

buildinQs of the Pi1(lt MIll resemble Tompkins Hall, 1914, the original textlle school buildIng

on the cem pus of Raleigh's new lond-gr3nt college (now Nor til Gar'o 1 ina State Un lV8I'sity).

In sr,lte of thA fGct t nat til8 lexti 18 i ndustr'f' continued to be 6 major feature of the

souther'll economy into the mid 20tii century, the tyQ8S 01 goods produced varied litUa IJS afllonq

HIe older and newer mills, The site 'lies purches81j ir November, 1894 (9) by James arid

William H. Willlamscn, Begun in 1894 as a manufoctuier of "grey" or untinished cotton, the

Piiol ~1i1l's main building (:tt I) was used for spinning and weaving, the adjacent Building (:tt3)

for carding, warping, winding and yarn storage, Bu" lding:tt 1 0 housed the administrative

offices, cloth finishinQ, jnspectiof1, and shipping op::3rations, and Builrling .tf.S housed bo'i1eC __ _

facilHies. In i 928, the mill was sold to Consolidate] Textne Corporation, In 1931, a group of

six Raleigh busInessmen bought the min and added bi,IO naw buildings: :tt7 and tt 11, Throughout

these several ownerships, und even when the last ov, ners, the New York firm of Crollpton, Inc"

bought the mill in 1967, it continued to produce Ur'tl"inished grey goods processed, in Arkansas,

into cordlitO'/ and veiveteen.

,An urban-baSBd industrial complex when it \I,'as founrled, the Pllot 11i1\ also featured

structural and composHional elements customary al. other, more remote, mill sites, Its open

plan loft buildings are, like most mill buildings of ;",S period, two slory industrial/commercial

slr uclur' es wi lh 1 4 foot (,8 iIi iIQS, brtx.'"'.8d em orla or (""0 lOWS of eigh t·- inch round 01' chem f ered

008 ~~. 1024-0018

Unl d 0 P rne f In rl National Park Service

t I

Pilot i'llIll

Section number __ 8_ P age _-':"'--

wood columns supporting a beam and plank construction system of 11 x 14 inch beams at the roof

and second floor levels.

Built just two blocks north of the Raleigh city limits that were established in its first

annexation in 1881, the Pllot Mill complex included mill-owned worker housing in its

composition that mimicked the rural mill villages of the North Carolina countryside. other

mills built at the same time, the Raleigh Hosiery Mill ( 1888) and the Caraleigh Mill ( 1890)

did the same. The second major annexat10n in 1907 brought the city limits to the Pilot Mill

sHe's northern $ and incorporated its mill village into the city's residential stock as Raleigh's

first "tract housing ( 10)." The mill housing was demolished ca. 1980.

The mill was closed in 1982. ~~either a leader nor an innovatur, the Pilot Mill

responded to change, accommodated to it, and thus mirrors the development of the textile

industry in tr.e citles of the North Carolina piedmont, tenacious and stable, an Industrial

cornerstone for several generations of North Carolina workers.

NPS FomJ 10·000--II (Il-00)

Pilot Mill

Section number __ 8 _ Page __ 6_

NOTES

1. Raleigh: Capital of North Carolina, Writers; Program of the WPA, American Guide

Series (New Bern, NC: Owen G. Dunn Co., 1942), p. 39.

2. Mary J. Oates, The Role of the Cotton Textile Industry in the Economic Development

of the American Southeast, Dissertations in American Economic History (NY: Arno Press,

1975), p. 73.

3. Ibid.

4. Ibid., p. 6.

5. North Carolina Commerce and Industry, Vol. I, NO.1. (Chapel Hill: UNC Extension

Division, 1923).

6. Raleigh: Capital. .. , op. cit., p. 46.

7. Raleioh: Ten Years' Record ( 1900-1910 )( Raleigh:Parker-Hunter Realty Co.,

1910), p. 11.

8. Raleigh: An Epitome of the City's Growth, Progress and Industries (Raleigh:

Raleigh Chamber of Commer'ce, ca. 1900), p. 10.

9. Wake County Registry of Deeds, Deed Book 131, p. 527.

10. Harris, L indo and Lee, Mary Ann. An Architectural and Historical Inyentory of

RalelQh I North Caroljna, CIty of RaleIgh P lannlng Department (Raleigh: City of Ralelgh,

1978). p. 27.

.11.:-, 4rc/lltecturdl Cino ~'ll.:;toricil! I'1ventol'Y of Raleigh, I~o!-th Caroline, City cf Ralei9h Pi2.nninq Depanment ---rRaleijh-:--C~ty c'fRaJ2igh, 'i978) .. --------.---------- .

L'i2:l~l,I~~(omm_E_~c('~lJ1_Lr.d~~tY'y, Vol. lie. 1. (Chapel Hill: ~r,i\'efsity of Nodh CCifolina EA~ensilJn D i vis 'i 0 n, 1 9 2 3) .

C:~es, Har'Y ,J. I!~.Jg_lQ_9Lthe Cotto~_L'?XtJl2 In~~t.cLin the Econo~ic Oe l,'elopmert of the_~~~an Southeast, Dissertations in American Economic History (N.Y.: Arno Press, 1975). --

Ra 1 ~i all: -~:l._fpjJ.g~~ __ ~.L. the illY~. Gro\vttG.. P "o~I:.~~~JJ::~stri e~, (Ro 1 ei gh: Ra 1 ei gh Char:lber of Commerce, ca. 190()).

£~i: 1 L .uJb..:.. __ T_~~...:.'i~-.li.~~~o_QLiJ 9CJO-19 .I_'~ 1. ( f{a lei gil: Po rk2t'-Hul~ t 2i' Rea 1 tj ComparlY: 1910).

S2nborn Insurancp. t~aps of Ra~eigh, flake County, N.C., 1896, 1909. 19!4, and 1920.

[XJ See (;o'ltinuation sheet

Previous documentation on file (NPS):

W preliminary determination of individual listing (36 CFR 67) Primary location of additional data: has been requested

o previously listed in the National Register

W State historic preservation office

D Other State agency

o previously cietermined eligible by thf:! National Register

D designat8d a National Historic Landma'rk

[J recorded by Historic Americ2.n Buildings Survey # ____________ ._. ________ . ____ _

o rt-corded by Historic American En~linGcring RGcci'd # _________ . __ ._. __ . _____ .. _. __ .. __ --.--____ _

D Federal agency

D Local government

D University

OOther Specify repository:

Ple~eO~;€' of ~)(\)('~:;!/ ~_._ .. ;~' .. -~ .4~·:~~~.~~ .... _______ O_. ___ H_ .. ___ . _____ _. ___ ._. ___ .. ____ . ___ .~ ____ ._. ___ +a _________ ______ • _ _________ . _____ •• _. __ •• _

un ... ~ Hf::!ewnces

A ~.~J L2..1.LLl L.4..L4l..o_: I:one ::.:.a::.t:ng

L3....:3J6 _l.3.1.6 . .:l.;i'l_.! ~~orthino

._---------_ .. --------_._.-----Verbnl E.o·Jndary Description

l.-.-_._L-<-..I ~J Easting

LJ Se9 c:)ntinuation sheet

Wake County Registry Map 30ok: 1~57, Vol. 2, P. 151.

o See continuation sheet

Sour.cary Justili:::atior.

entire prnperty h'isto\';c,,11y assoc~l1ted \lith the mill bt,;ildings.

D See continuation she8t

11. Form Pr~ed~Y~~;-td;;£t)--- iJ'~_n31 nOl.,!dn3t.ion.1 ..

i_~~_---l ______ '--..... · ~ •. J Northin;J

L.L~ .. .L-L_I _U

name/\;tie .l:1.~ ... :j..l_. _8~~h_(Q.'l?_~ill1~D ... L ___ . ___ . ____ .JJ.!.~ ,-1 one .~Q.t0~ _____ . ____________ . ____ . __ ... ______ ... __ _ organlzatiiJn ~! s tOtj0rcs..~rvi1 ti . .9J.l. Se~E;:.5.. __ ~bb~·~-£.Jj COrrlQ.0.D.l'.>-JJlC . __ d2:e .u.~j~.LJ288 ___ ~ ____ ..JA!J.'R~8.9..- ... -street & numt-2r 5'J2. La~fI.; 1 f:ljJ~1... ... ___ . __ .1~'-:_~.L_b'(~ -. tL~I: ~'t'e:_~ ___ lelE:~hOne ~iJ . .2_L~67 - 23U)_-...l.9.19.L.6Jl'·-·J ?lL .... city or town ~iJ . .QJ~Lj:LilL _____ ._~·_· ____ DuC.::...:'!JiL _____________ st2:e ~1·~t1 Ca~b'_(L_ zip cOdeiG--.C ........ ?'77GJ

27 514

U National Park Service

Pilot Mill

Section number __ 9__ Page __ _

ADDITIONAL REFERENCES

11. James Vickers, Raleigh City of Oaks (Windsor Press, Inc., 1982) P. 87.

12. Sanborn Insurance Maps of Raleigh, Wake County, North Carolina, 1886,

1 903, 1909, 1914, and 1920.

041 B Apprr;vwJ 1Vo. 1 en 4-00 111

13. Wake County Property Listlngs, Grantees Book for Firms and Corporations, Thru

1973, Thru 1 986.

14. Wake County Property Records Card File.

15. Wake County Tax Map, 1920, Plat Book Vol. 1, pg. 31,

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