National Latin Exam

Study Guide

March 10, 2010

Name Latin Grade Period

labor omnia vincit

Table of Contents

Mythology 2-7

Numbers 8-9

History and Politics 10-11

Adjectives and Adjective Degrees 12-13

Conjunctions 13

Daily Life 14

Nouns and Case Usage 15-16

Adverbs and Adverb Degrees 16

Roman Places 17-18

Enclitics 19

Suffixes 19

Participles 19

Indirect Statement and Sequence of Tenses 19

Verbs: regular, irregular, infinitives, imperatives 20-21

Geography 22

Latin in Use: conversational, abbreviations, mottos 23-24

Pronouns 24-26

NLE Grading

Latin I Students

100 point NLE Review Packet

Responsible for all questions labeled “intro” and “Latin I” on this study guide

Use Latin for Americans units 1-7 as reference tool

Latin II Students

100 point NLE Review Packet

Responsible for all questions labeled “intro” and “Latin I” and “Latin II” on this study

Use Latin for Americans units 1-12 as reference tool

Latin III-IV Students

100 point NLE Review Packet

Responsible for all questions labeled “intro” and “Latin I” and “Latin II” on this study

Use Latin for Americans units 1-12 as reference tool

Mythology Picture Name(s) Attributes /Important stories/famous children Level

Jupiter

Jove

Zeus

Carries lightning bolt

Crown

On clouds/in sky

Ladies’ man (Io, Leto, Selene)

Stern

His bird is the eagle

King of gods and sky

Protects oaths and suppliants

Husband of Juno/Hera

Son of Cronos and Rhea

Famous mortal kids: Hercules, Helen, Theseus, Minos

intro

Apollo Intro

Juno

Hera

Intro

Minerva

Athena

Intro

Diana

Artemis

Intro

Vesta

Hestia

Intro

Pluto

Hades

Intro

Neptune

Poseidon

Intro

Venus

Aphrodite

Intro

Ceres

Demeter

Intro

Bacchus

Dionysus

Intro

Mercury

Hermes

Intro

Vulcan

Hephaestus

Intro

Mars

Ares

Intro

Romulus

and

Remus

Intro

Daphne Latin I

Arachne Latin I

Hercules Latin I

Aeneas Latin I

Medusa Latin I

Cyclops Polyphemus

Latin I

Achilles Latin I

Hector Latin I

Ulysses

Odysseus

Latin I

Helen of

Troy

Latin I

Trojan

War

Latin I

Medea Latin II

Jason Latin II

Perseus Latin II

Theseus Latin II

Daedalus Latin II

Minotaur Latin II

Chimera Latin II

Cerberus Latin II

Charon Latin II

Proserpina Latin II

Styx Latin II

Tantalus Latin II

Sisyphus Latin II

Numbers

Write the following cardinal numbers in Latin

1 unus intro

2 intro

3 intro

4 intro

5 intro

6 intro

7 intro

8 intro

9 intro

10 intro

11 Latin II

12 Latin II

13 Latin II

14 Latin II

15 Latin II

16 Latin II

17 Latin II

18 Latin II

19 Latin II

20 Latin II

100 Latin I

1000 Latin I

Write the following ordinals in Latin

First primus Latin II

Second Latin II

Third Latin II

Fourth Latin II

Fifth Latin II

Sixth Latin II

Seventh Latin II

Eighth Latin II

Ninth Latin II

Tenth Latin II

Write the following in Roman numerals

1 intro

5 intro

10 intro

50 intro

100 intro

500 Latin I

1000 Latin I

4 intro

6 intro

9 intro

11 intro

20 intro

78 intro

2008 Latin I

History and Politics Events and Time Periods

Event Date(s) Information Level

Monarchy Latin I

Republic Latin I

Empire Latin I

Punic Wars Latin II

Eruption of Vesuvius Latin II

Fall of the Roman Empire Latin II

Caesar’s Conquest of gaul Latin II

People

Name Approximate dates Importance Level

Romulus and Remus

Latin I

Tarquin the proud and

Brutus

Latin I

Horatius Latin I

Cincinnatus Latin I

Numa Latin I

Tullus Hostilius Latin I

Servius Tullius Latin I

Nero Latin II

Augustus Latin II

Gracchi Brothers Latin II

Hannibal Latin II

Julius Caesar and brutus Latin II

Constantine Latin II

Cleopatra Latin II

Brutus Latin II

Marc antony Latin II

Spartacus Latin II

Marius Latin II

Scipio Africanus Latin II

Pompey Latin II

Sulla Latin II

Terms

Term Function or Meaning Level

SPQR Intro

King Latin I

Consul Latin I

Emperor Latin I

Dictator Latin II

Quaestor Latin II

Aedile Latin II

Censor Latin II

Senate Latin II

Praetor Latin II

tribune Latin II

patrician Latin II

plebian Latin II

Adjectives (pages 499-501) 1st/2nd declension adjectives - intro

Masculine Feminine Neuter

Nominative magnus magna magnum

Genitive

Dative

Accusative

Ablative

Nominative

Genitive

Dative

Accusative

Ablative

3rd declension adjectives – Latin II

Masculine Feminine Neuter

Nominative Acer acris acre

Genitive

Dative

Accusative

Ablative

Nominative

Genitive

Dative

Accusative

Ablative

Irregular Comparatives and Superlatives – Latin II

Positive (translation) Comparative (translation) Superlative (translation)

bonus (good) melior (better) optimus (best)

malus (bad)

magnus (big)

parvus (small)

multus (many)

Adjectives Comparative adjectives – Latin II

Add –ior (masc/fem nom) –ius (neut. nom), -ioris (gen. sing.) to adjective base & decline like 3rd declension

Masculine/Feminine Neuter

Nominative Altior altius

Genitive Altioris altioris

Dative

Accusative

Ablative

Nominative

Genitive

Dative

Accusative

Ablative

Superlative Adjectives – Latin II

Add –issimus, issima, issimum to adjective stem and decline like 1st/2nd declension

Masculine Feminine Neuter

Nominative altissimus altissima Altissimum

Genitive altissimi altissimae Altissimi

Dative

Accusative

Ablative

Nominative

Genitive

Dative

Accusative

Ablative

Conjunctions

1. aut (Intro) 7. neque…neque (Latin I)

2. et (Intro) 8. postquam (Latin II)

3. quod (Intro) 9. quamquam (Latin II)

4. sed (Intro) 10. aut...aut (Latin II)

5. ubi (Intro) 11. nec…nec (Latin I)

6. neque (Latin I) 12. et…et (Latin I)

Daily Life

Identify these rooms

1. culina (intro)

2. cubiculum (intro)

3. atrium (intro)

4. hortus (intro)

5. trinclinium (intro)

6. tablinium (Latin I)

7. impluvium (Latin I)

8. taberna (Latin I)

9. peristylium (Latin I)

Identify these types of homes

1. villa (intro)

2. insula (Latin I)

3. domus (Latin II)

Identify these household members

1. mater (intro)

2. pater (intro)

3. filius (intro)

4. filia (intro)

5. soror (intro)

6. frater (intro)

7. servus (intro)

Identify these clothing items and who would wear them

1. tunic (intro)

2. stola (intro)

3. palla (intro)

4. toga (intro)

Identify these meals and what would typically be eaten at them

1. ientaculum (Latin I)

2. vesperna (Latin I)

3. cena (Latin I)

Nouns

Case Usage

Case

Used

Part of speech et cetera English example Level

Subject Intro

Direct Address Intro

Direct Object Intro

Indirect Object Intro

Prepositions: ad, ante, circum, in, per, post,

trans

N/A Intro

Prepositions: ab, cum, de, ex, in, sine, sub N/A Intro

Genitive Possession That is the rubber ducky of Ernie.

Intro

Predicates Intro

Prepositions: contra, prope, inter N/A Latin I

Means Latin I

Manner Latin I

Accompaniment Latin I

Extent of time and space Latin II

Prepositions ob and propter Latin II

Time Latin II

Agent Latin II

Ablative absolute Latin II

Declensions: the genitive singular form of the noun gives the declension of that noun. Give the

declension of the following

1. casus, casus 4. via, viae

2. servus, servi 5. dies, diei

3. lex, legis

Nouns

Paradigms

Nominative Via -intro Servus - intro Signum – intro Lex – Latin I Corpus – Latin II Casus – Latin II Dies – Latin II

Genitive

Dative

Accusative

Ablative

Vocative

Nominative

Genitive

Dative

Accusative

Ablative

Vocative

Adverbs

Regular adverbs

1. Intro – To form a positive adverb from a 1st/2nd declension adjective, add - to the adjective stem.

For example the adverbial form of clarus is (viz. clearly, brightly, famously).

2. Latin II – To form a positive adverb from a 3rd declension adjective, add - to the adjective base.

For example, the adverbial form of fortis is (viz. bravely).

3. Latin II – To form a comparative adverb e.g. “more clearly” you add - to the adjective base. The

comparative adverb of clarus is .

4. Latin II – To form a superlative adverb e.g. “most clearly” you add - to the adjective base.

For example the superlative adverb of clarus is .

Irregular adverbs

1. bene (intro) 6. quomodo (Latin I)

2. male (intro) 7. optime (Latin II)

3. cur (intro) 8. pessime (Latin II)

4. ubi (intro) 9. quando (Latin II)

5. quomodo (Latin I) 10. optime (Latin II)

Roman Places

Picture Place Function Associated Terms

Level

Forum

Rostra Intro

Circus Maximus

Hippodrome

Circus

Carceres

Spina

Mappa

Meta

Intro

“Those who are about to die salute you”

“Morituri te salutant”

Colosseum

Thracian

Retiarii

Gallic

Murmillo

Secutores

Bestiarii

Gladius

Trident

Pilum

Rudis

Spatha

Intro

Via Appia

Mile Marker Regina Viarum

Latin I

Curia SPQR Latin 1

Aqueduct Latin I

Seven Hills of Rome esp. Palantine

Latin I

Basilica Julia

Latin I

Thermae Balneae

Caldarium Tedidarium Frigidarium Apodyterium Strigilis

Latin I

Theater Theatron

Orchestra

Skene

Parodos

Latin II

Temple of Vesta

Vestal Virgins Sacred Fire

Latin II

Hadrian’s Wall

Latin II

Pantheon Latin II

Enclitics (suffixes)

1. –ne (Intro)

2. –que (Latin I)

3. –cum (Latin II)

Interrogatives

1. cur (Intro)

2. ubi (Intro)

3. quis (Intro)

4. quid (Intro)

5. num (Latin I)

6. nonne (Latin I)

7. quomodo (Latin II)

8. quando (Latin II)

Participles – Latin II Use specto, spectare, spectavi, spectatus to give the nominative and genitive singular plus declension

Active Passive Present N/A Perfect N/A Future

Indirect Statement – Latin II In English, make these direct statements indirect

1. Caesar says, “I came, I saw, I conquered”. 2. Joel thought “burritos are tasty”.

3. Alexander felt “mimes are evil”.

In Latin, the subject of an indirect statement is in the case and the verb

is an e.g. specto pueros laborare (I see that the boys are working).

Sequence of tenses – the way the infinitive is translated is relative to the main verb

Perfect Verb + Present Infinitive = translation

Perfect Verb + Perfect Infinitive = translation

Perfect Verb + Future Infinitive = translation

Regular Verbs

1. First conjugation: use amo, amāre, amavi, amatus

Present – Intro Imperfect - Intro Future - Intro Perfect – Latin I Pluperfect – Latin II Fut. Perfect – Latin II

1st singular amo

I love

amabam

I was loving

amabo

I will love

amavi

I loved

amaveram

I had loved

Amavero

I will have loved

2nd

singular

3rd

singular

1st plural

2nd

plural

3rd

plural

2. 2nd

conjugation: use moneo, monēre, monui, monitus

Present – Intro Imperfect - Intro Future - Intro Perfect – Latin I Pluperfect – Latin II Fut. Perfect – Latin II

1st singular moneo

I warn

monebam

I was warning

monebo

I will warn

monui

I warned

monueram

I had warned

Monuero

I will have warned

2nd

singular

3rd

singular

1st plural

2nd

plural

3rd

plural

3. Third conjugation: use ago, agere, egi, actus

Present – Latin I Imperfect – Latin I Future – Latin I Perfect – Latin I Pluperfect – Latin II Fut. Perfect – Latin II

1st singular ago

I drive

agebam

I was driving

agam

I will drive

egi

I drove

egeram

I had driven

Egero

I will have

driven

2nd

singular

3rd

singular

1st plural

2nd

plural

3rd

plural

4. 3rd

–io or 4th conjugation: use audio, audīre, audivi, auditus

Present – Latin I Imperfect – Latin I Future – Latin I Perfect – Latin I Pluperfect – Latin II Fut. Perfect – Latin II

1st singular audio

I hear

audiebam

I was hearning

audiam

I will hear

audivi

I heard

audiveram

I had heard

audivero

I will have heard

2nd

singular

3rd

singular

1st plural

2nd

plural

3rd

plural

5. Passive verbs (use laudo, laudāre, lauavi, laudatus)

Present Imperfect Future* Perfect Pluperfect Future-Perfect

1st singular laudor

I am praised

Laudabar I was being praised

Laudabor

I will be praised

laudatus sum

I was praised

laudatus eram I had been praised

laudatus ero I will have been paised

2nd

singular

3rd

singular

1st plural

2nd

plural

3rd

plural

*N.B. the future tense of 3rd

and 4th conjugations uses –ar, -eris, -etur, -emur, -emini, -entur

Irregular Verbs 1. sum

Present – Intro Imperfect – Intro Future – Intro Perfect – Latin I Pluperfect – Latin II Fut. Perfect – Latin II

1st singular sum

I am

eram

I was

Ero

I will be

fui

I was

fueram

I had been

Fuero

I will have been

2nd

singular

3rd

singular

1st plural

2nd

plural

3rd

plural

2. Varia

Present – Latin II Present – Latin II Present – Latin II Present – Latin II Perfect – Latin II

1st singular volo

I want

Possum*

I am able

Eo

I go

fero

I bear

Tui

I bore

2nd

singular

3rd

singular

1st plural

2nd

plural

3rd

plural

*N.B. all form of this verb look similar to “sum”

noli/nolite + infinititive = e.g. noli laborare = (Latin I)

Define: licet (Latin II) placet (Latin II)

Infinitives Active Passive Present (to save – into) (to be saved – Latin II)

Perfect (to have saved – Latin II) (to have been saved – II)

Future (to be about to save – Latin II) (to be about to be saved)

Imperatives - Commands Intro (work! singular) (work! plural)

Geography Intro: Roma, Italia, Graecia, Britannia, Hispania, Mare Nostrum, Tiber River Latin I: Ostia, Mt. Vesuvius, Pompeii, Brundisium, Apennine Mountains, Africa, Athens, Gallia, Carthage, Asia Minor, Troy Latin II : Adriatic Sea, Aegean Sea, Black Sea, Rhine River, Rubicon River, Po River, Nile River, Germania, Aegyptus, Sicillia, Crete

Latin in Use

Conversational Latin

Latin English Translation Level

Salve Intro

Quid agis? Intro

Quid nomen tibi? Intro

Vale Intro

Ita vero Intro

Minime Intro

Quid est? Intro

Quis est? Intro

Gratias tibi ago Latin I

Sol lucet Latin I

Pluit Latin 1

Quota hora est? Latin I

Adsum Latin I

Quid novi? Latin I

Quaenam est tempestas? Latin II

Surge! Latin II

Ignosce mihi Latin II

Bene respondisti Latin II

Abbreviations

Abbreviation What it stands for Translation Level

p.s. Intro

e.g. Intro

n.b. Intro

etc. Intro

a.m. Intro

p.m. Intro

i.e. Latin I

a.d. Latin I

et al Latin II

vs. Latin II

viz. Latin II

cf. Latin II

ibid. Latin II

f/ff Latin II

Mottoes

Latin Phrase English translation Level

Semper paratus/fidelis Intro

Cave canem Intro

Sic semper tyrannis Intro

Fortuna caeca est Intro

Summa cum laude Intro

Per annum Intro

Staus quo Intro

Labor omnia vincit Intro

E pluribus unum Intro

Ad nauseam Intro

Tempus fugit Intro

Errare est humanum Intro

Carpe diem Intro

Terra firma Intro

Veni, vidi, vici, Latin I

Caveat emptor Latin II

Ad astra per aspera Latin II

Ars longa, vita brevis Latin II

Ab ovo usque ad mala Latin II

Pronouns

Nom. I* ego you* tu

Gen. of me of you

Dat. to/for me* to/for you*

Acc. me* you*

Abl. with/by me** with/by you**

Nom. we* nos you* vos

Gen. of us of you

Dat. to/for us* to/for you*

Acc. us* you*

Abl. with/by us** with/by you**

Pronouns

Nom. who?* quis what?* quid

Gen. whose? of what?

Dat. to/for whom? to/for what?

Acc. whom? what?

Abl. with/by whom? with/by what?

Nom. who?* qui, quae what?* quae

Gen. whose? of what?

Dat. to/for whom? to/for what?

Acc. whom? to/for what?

Abl. with/by whom? with/by what?

*Intro **Latin I Latin II – complete all

Latin II Pronouns

Masc. Fem. Neut. Masc. Fem.

Neut.

Nom. this hic haec hoc that ille illa illud

Gen. of this of that

Dat. to/for this t/f that

Acc. this that

Abl. with/by this w/b that

Nom. these those

Gen. of these of those

Dat. to/for these t/f those

Acc. these those

Abl. w/b these w/b those

Masc. Fem. Neut.

Nom. who qui quae what quod

Gen. whose of what

Dat. to/for whom to/for what

Acc. whom to/for what

Abl. with/by whom with/by what

Nom. who what

Gen. whose of what

Dat. to/for whom to/for what

Acc. whom to/for what

Abl. with/by whom with/by what

Latin II Pronouns

Nom. he is she ea it id

Gen. of him of her of it

Dat. to/for him to/for her t/f it

Acc. him her it

Abl. with/by him with/by her w/b it

Nom. they they they

Gen. of them of them of them

Dat. to/for them to/for them t/f them

Acc. them them them

Abl. with/by them with/by them w/b them

Gen. of himself/herself/itself/theirself sui

Dat. to/for himself/herself/itself/theirself

Acc. himself/herself/itself/theirself

Abl. with/by himself/herself/itself/theirself