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NATIONAL LAND GOVERNANCE MONITORING SYSTEM: UKRAINE Denys Nizalov, Kyiv Economics Institute/ Kyiv School of Economics Sergei Kubakh, Kyiv Economics Institute/ Kyiv School of Economics Land and Poverty Conference Washington, DC, March 26 2014 1

NATIONAL LAND GOVERNANCE MONITORING SYSTEM: UKRAINE Denys Nizalov, Kyiv Economics Institute/ Kyiv School of Economics Sergei Kubakh, Kyiv Economics Institute

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Page 1: NATIONAL LAND GOVERNANCE MONITORING SYSTEM: UKRAINE Denys Nizalov, Kyiv Economics Institute/ Kyiv School of Economics Sergei Kubakh, Kyiv Economics Institute

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NATIONAL LAND GOVERNANCE MONITORING SYSTEM:

UKRAINEDenys Nizalov, Kyiv Economics Institute/ Kyiv School of Economics

Sergei Kubakh, Kyiv Economics Institute/ Kyiv School of Economics

Land and Poverty Conference

Washington, DC, March 26 2014

Page 2: NATIONAL LAND GOVERNANCE MONITORING SYSTEM: UKRAINE Denys Nizalov, Kyiv Economics Institute/ Kyiv School of Economics Sergei Kubakh, Kyiv Economics Institute

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Overview

Monitoring System: general approach

Application: Case of Ukraine

Application: Case of Georgia (next

presentation)

Page 3: NATIONAL LAND GOVERNANCE MONITORING SYSTEM: UKRAINE Denys Nizalov, Kyiv Economics Institute/ Kyiv School of Economics Sergei Kubakh, Kyiv Economics Institute

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Background and Motivation

VG on the Responsible Governance of Tenure Declaration of political goals of improving food security and

poverty eradication by improving governance of tenure of land, fisheries and forests (1.1).

LGAF “Diagnostic tool that is to be implemented at the local level in a

collaborative fashion, that addresses the need for guidance to diagnose and benchmark land governance, and that can help countries prioritize reforms and monitor progress over time”. (LGAF 2011)

LG Monitoring System – a tool that Keeps track of reforms implementation; Provides information for policy design and evaluation, and private

decision-making; Adds to transparency and accountability of LG; Contributes to GLII and SDG/2015.

Page 4: NATIONAL LAND GOVERNANCE MONITORING SYSTEM: UKRAINE Denys Nizalov, Kyiv Economics Institute/ Kyiv School of Economics Sergei Kubakh, Kyiv Economics Institute

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Key Principals

System of indicators Relevant to policy decision-making Low Cost Easy to implement and use Flexible

Page 5: NATIONAL LAND GOVERNANCE MONITORING SYSTEM: UKRAINE Denys Nizalov, Kyiv Economics Institute/ Kyiv School of Economics Sergei Kubakh, Kyiv Economics Institute

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Key Indicators

Base characteristics Groups Indicators :

1. The number of registered transactions;2. Share of agricultural/residential land registered

and mapped in women’s name;3. Receipts of land tax revenue;4. The share of communal, private, and state

land; 5. Cases of expropriation and privatization;6. The number of land-related conflicts in the

courts.

Page 6: NATIONAL LAND GOVERNANCE MONITORING SYSTEM: UKRAINE Denys Nizalov, Kyiv Economics Institute/ Kyiv School of Economics Sergei Kubakh, Kyiv Economics Institute

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System Characteristics

Scope – specific indicators (by ownership type; land use)

Scale – spatial aggregation: national, regional, sub-regional (municipalities, districts, etc.)

Time frequency – annual, semi-annual, quarterly

Page 7: NATIONAL LAND GOVERNANCE MONITORING SYSTEM: UKRAINE Denys Nizalov, Kyiv Economics Institute/ Kyiv School of Economics Sergei Kubakh, Kyiv Economics Institute

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Base characteristics

Characteristics: Total area (by ownership type; land use) Number of parcels Number of real estate units (residential/ non-

residential) Number of owners

Data requirements and potential sources: Complete coverage

Census or census-like statistical reports Land/real estate inventory Remote sensing technologies

Page 8: NATIONAL LAND GOVERNANCE MONITORING SYSTEM: UKRAINE Denys Nizalov, Kyiv Economics Institute/ Kyiv School of Economics Sergei Kubakh, Kyiv Economics Institute

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1. Registered transactions

Number of land sales Average price of land Area of land sold Number of first time land

registrations Total area of land

registered for the first time

Number of registered land rental agreements

Average rental price Area of rented in/out land

Number of first time real estate registration

Number of real estate sales (residential/non-residential)

Average price per sq. meter of real estate sales (residential/non-residential)

Number of mortgages

Page 9: NATIONAL LAND GOVERNANCE MONITORING SYSTEM: UKRAINE Denys Nizalov, Kyiv Economics Institute/ Kyiv School of Economics Sergei Kubakh, Kyiv Economics Institute

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2. Share of land registered and mapped in women’s name

Share of land registered in women’s name

Share of housing units registered in women’s name

Share of mortgages in women’s name Share of land sales in women’s name Share of housing sales in women’s name

Page 10: NATIONAL LAND GOVERNANCE MONITORING SYSTEM: UKRAINE Denys Nizalov, Kyiv Economics Institute/ Kyiv School of Economics Sergei Kubakh, Kyiv Economics Institute

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3. Receipts of land tax revenue Number of land tax payers Revenue from land tax Number of real estate tax payers Total revenue from real estate tax Revenue from land sales tax/fee Revenue from real estate sales tax/fee Revenue from other land related tax/fee

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4. The share of communal, private, and state land

Share of agricultural/ pasture/ forestry/in-land water/ residential/ public/ other types of land

Share of agricultural/ pasture/ forestry/in-land water/ residential/ public/ other land formally registered

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5. Cases of expropriation and privatization

Number of land expropriation cases Average compensation paid for expropriated

land Total area expropriated Number of land privatization cases Total area privatized Average compensation per hectare received by

state or local government for privatized land Number of privatized real estate

Page 13: NATIONAL LAND GOVERNANCE MONITORING SYSTEM: UKRAINE Denys Nizalov, Kyiv Economics Institute/ Kyiv School of Economics Sergei Kubakh, Kyiv Economics Institute

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6. The number of land-related conflicts in courts

Number of Land related cases filed in a local court during last year (by type of conflict)

Number of Land related cases resolved in a local court during last year

Number of Land related cases pending in a local court by the end of the year

Number of Land related cases pending for more than 1 year in a local court by the end of the year

Page 14: NATIONAL LAND GOVERNANCE MONITORING SYSTEM: UKRAINE Denys Nizalov, Kyiv Economics Institute/ Kyiv School of Economics Sergei Kubakh, Kyiv Economics Institute

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Data Source

Administrative data: Land Cadaster Land and Real estate Registry Tax authority Court Other agencies

Advantages: Records exist Relatively low cost once the routine is developed

Limitations: Difficult to access (legal restrictions, technical difficulty) Incompleteness

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Use of Monitoring System

Regular reviews (trend, level of indicators, cross group comparison, publication of indicators) – transparency of the system, supporting private investors’ decisions

Accountability of local governments (Competitive environment, investigation of outliers, targeting inspections and early problem identification)

Support evidence-based design of reforms and innovations (statistical analysis of responses and elastisities, establishing of relationships among various factors)

Reform monitoring (tracking the changes in the target/pilot areas), checking the benchmarks

Reform impact evaluation (assessment of reform’s impact on target indicators)

Contribution to LGII and MDG/2015

Page 16: NATIONAL LAND GOVERNANCE MONITORING SYSTEM: UKRAINE Denys Nizalov, Kyiv Economics Institute/ Kyiv School of Economics Sergei Kubakh, Kyiv Economics Institute

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Case of Ukraine

Application

Page 17: NATIONAL LAND GOVERNANCE MONITORING SYSTEM: UKRAINE Denys Nizalov, Kyiv Economics Institute/ Kyiv School of Economics Sergei Kubakh, Kyiv Economics Institute

Administrative-territorial System of

Ukraine

Ukraine:

25 regions (oblasts);

2 cities of special status –

Kyiv and Sevastopol;

159 cities and Towns;

490 rural districts (raions),

885 townships, and 28,457 villages.

2 Occupied territories

Page 18: NATIONAL LAND GOVERNANCE MONITORING SYSTEM: UKRAINE Denys Nizalov, Kyiv Economics Institute/ Kyiv School of Economics Sergei Kubakh, Kyiv Economics Institute

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Link with LGAF and WB Projects

LGAF 2013 Public provision of land information

Support of public access to land/property registry information Monitoring progress with other LGAF recommendations

Legal and institutional framework Land use planning, management, and taxation Management of public land Dispute resolution and conflict management Large-scale land acquisitions Forestry

Better use of the World Bank investments into the Cadaster and State Statistics

IDF Ukraine: monitoring and capacity development for evidence-based policy-making

Page 19: NATIONAL LAND GOVERNANCE MONITORING SYSTEM: UKRAINE Denys Nizalov, Kyiv Economics Institute/ Kyiv School of Economics Sergei Kubakh, Kyiv Economics Institute

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Background and Relevance to country-level policy processes

New Government - Reforms in Agriculture and Land Governance: De-regulation (export, land rental, etc.) Opening sales market for agricultural land

Strategy for Agricultural Development 2015-2020 Productive and sustainable use of land resources:

agricultural, urban, forestry Valuation and Taxation of land and real estate Productivity growth

Good Governance Principals: transparency, accountability

Page 20: NATIONAL LAND GOVERNANCE MONITORING SYSTEM: UKRAINE Denys Nizalov, Kyiv Economics Institute/ Kyiv School of Economics Sergei Kubakh, Kyiv Economics Institute

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Sources of data for land indicators

Indicator Actual sources (where & what)

Coverage; Quality issues

Base Characteristics

SALR stat. reportsPrivate land:31,425,568.0 (ha)Communal:13,078.9 (ha)State:28,778,090.8 (ha)

• Complete coverage• Sub-regional level• Annual• Discrepancies

w/Cadaster• Not available at

individual level

Page 21: NATIONAL LAND GOVERNANCE MONITORING SYSTEM: UKRAINE Denys Nizalov, Kyiv Economics Institute/ Kyiv School of Economics Sergei Kubakh, Kyiv Economics Institute

70.96%17.53%

2.60%

1.55%

5.64%

1.72%

Land Use, 2014

Agricultural

Forest

Service, recreational, residential

Industry, trans-portation, infra-structure, mining

Inland water

Other protected areas, no visible use

Page 22: NATIONAL LAND GOVERNANCE MONITORING SYSTEM: UKRAINE Denys Nizalov, Kyiv Economics Institute/ Kyiv School of Economics Sergei Kubakh, Kyiv Economics Institute

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Sources of data for land indicators

Indicator Actual sources (where & what)

Coverage; Quality issues

Privatization

SALRPrivatization (number of

people):Total: 12,864,371 (86.7% of

eligible)During 2013: 20,170

Page 23: NATIONAL LAND GOVERNANCE MONITORING SYSTEM: UKRAINE Denys Nizalov, Kyiv Economics Institute/ Kyiv School of Economics Sergei Kubakh, Kyiv Economics Institute

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Early findings and Policy implications

Findings The only category of land that is sufficiently well

documented and registered is Private Agricultural Land

There is a need to show practical usefulness of the proposed indicators for Government decision making

Policy implications Administrative reforms and approval of boundaries Need for Cadaster of Forest and Water resources,

Digitized Cadaster of Real Estate There is a need for unification of the Cadaster and

the Registry of property rights

Page 24: NATIONAL LAND GOVERNANCE MONITORING SYSTEM: UKRAINE Denys Nizalov, Kyiv Economics Institute/ Kyiv School of Economics Sergei Kubakh, Kyiv Economics Institute

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Emerging policy issues and gaps

Opening sales market for agricultural land

Urban planning State land management Land and real estate tax

Gap: No data available to design new

institutions and monitor their performance

Page 25: NATIONAL LAND GOVERNANCE MONITORING SYSTEM: UKRAINE Denys Nizalov, Kyiv Economics Institute/ Kyiv School of Economics Sergei Kubakh, Kyiv Economics Institute

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Implementation Issues

Technical Political

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Next steps

IDF Project High level Presentation of the Project and the

Monitoring System Updating Methodology Establishing collaboration with the new

Government Adding the need for monitoring and

transparency to the reform agenda Producing examples of policy-making based on

monitoring results Institutionalizing the Monitoring System