National Health Policies 2 Nd Year

7/30/2019 National Health Policies 2 Nd Year

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BY

LIDIYAMOL.P.V


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Policy encompasses the authoritative guidelines that direct

human behaviour towards specific goals, in either theprivate or public sector. It includes a broad range of

activities through which authority figures make decisionsdirected toward a goal and levy sanctions that affect theconduct of affairs. Such courses of actions may be termedpolicy proposals, options or alternatives. (Anderson, 1997).


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1. HEALTH POLICY:

Health policy refers to public and private policiesdirectly related to health care service delivery and

reimbursement 2. NATIONAL HEALTH POLICY

National health policy is an expression of goals forimproving the health situations, the priorities among

these goals, and the main directions for attainingthem.


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CONTEXT

CONTENT PROCESS


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All public policy definitions refers to policy made onbehalf of the public, developed or initiated by thegovernment, and interpreted end implemented by thepublic and private bodies.


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Policy subsystem:-

a policy subsystem includes a network of electedor appointed officials, legislative subcommittees, and

interested group representatives and individualsdirectly involved in shaping a particular policy.

Stake holders:-

The term stakeholders is applied to actors that may be

directly affected by its outcome, stakeholders are alsorelevant in private sector policy making, although theymay not be as highly visible.


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rational approach,

incrementalism,

policy stream model , and

stage sequential model


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It reflects the goals of an ideal world.

policy makers define the problem;

identify and rank social values in policy goals;

examine each policy alternative for positive and negativeconsequences, costs, and benefits;

compare and contrast these factors among all actions;

select the policy that most closely achieves the policy

goals,.


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Policy changes are most often made incrementally

with small changes in the margins as opposed to the

radical restructuring of infective


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It is based on Cohens march and oslens garbage can

model (1972). Which describes the process as a seriesof options floating around seeking a problem.Kingdom likens the situation to a soup that containsthree streams of activity.

Problem stream:Policy stream:-

Political stream:-


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a policy problem identified and placed on the policyagenda,

then a policy is developed, adopted, implemented,evaluated and terminated.

the process is dynamical and cyclical with policyevaluation and oversight, to identify either a wellfunctioning programme, or new problems, thereby

restarting the cycle.


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1. Ministry of Health identified the need for policy

2. Ministry appointed a committee to reviewenvironment in the health sector and recommended apolicy frame after needful consultation.

3. The revised draft was presented to subsequent Joint

Council of Health and Family Welfare to get the viewsof Health Ministers of the States and later to NationalDevelopment Council to get the views of the StateChief Ministers and their concurrence.

4. The final draft was presented to the Cabinet forapproval and adoption.


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1.A greater awareness of health problems andmeans to solve these by communities

2. Supply of safe drinking water and basic

sanitation using technologies that thepeople can afford.

3. Reduction of existing imbalance in health

services by concentrating on the rural healthinfrastructure.


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4.Establishment of a dynamic health

management information system to

support health planning and health

programme implementation.

5. Provision of legislative support for

health programme protection andpromotion.


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6. Concerted actions to combat widespreadmalnutrition.

7. Research for alternative methods of health

care delivery and low cost healthtechnologies.

8. Greater co-ordination of different system of

medicine.


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To attain the objectives of Health for All by 2000 AD, The Union Ministry of Health and Family Welfareformulated National Health Policy in 1983

NHP 1983 stressed the need for providing primaryhealth care with special emphasis on prevention,promotion and rehabilitation


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Suggested planned time bound attention to thefollowing

i) Nutrition, prevention of Food Adulteration

ii) Maintenance of quality of drugs

iii) Water supply and sanitation

iv) Environmental protection

v) Immunisation programme

vi) Maternal and child health services vii) School health programme and

viii) Occupational health services.


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o Infant Mortality Rate below 60

o Maternal Mortality Rate below 200

o Net Reproduction Rate 1

o Crude Birth Rate 21

o Crude Death Rate 9.0


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It emphasizes the importance of Health for all by the

year 2000 AD through the universal provision ofcomprehensive primary health care services. The newhealth policy acknowledges the financial constraintsof the states, inequality in access to the public healthsystem for urban and rural areas and for vulnerablesections of society and it admits that public healthinfrastructure is far from being satisfactory

(MoHFW2002b


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The recommendations for reform includemore decentralization and participation.The government urges the states to

decentralize the implementation of publichealth programmes to local self-governmentinstitutions by 2005.


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1. The need to establish comprehensive primary healthcare services within the reach of population even inthe remotest areas of the country.

2.The need to view health and human development as

vital component of overall integrated socioeconomicdevelopment. Decentralised system of health caredelivery with maximum community and individualself reliance and participation.

3. To ensuring a more equitable access to health servicesacross the social and geographical expanse of thecountry


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4. To increase the aggregate public health investmentthrough a substantially increased contribution by theCentral Government

5. To strengthen the capacity of the public health

administration at the State level to render effective servicedelivery

6. To enhance the contribution of the private sector inproviding health services for the population group whichcan afford to pay for services

7. To rationalize use of drugs within the allopathic system;and to increase access to tried and tested systems oftraditional medicine


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1. Eradication of Polio & Yaws by 2005

2. Elimination of Leprosy by 2005

3. Elimination of Kala-azar by 2010

4. Elimination of lymphatic Filariasis by2015

5. Achieve of Zero level growth ofHIV/AIDS by 2007


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6. Reduction of mortality by 50% 2010

( on account of Tuberculosis, Malaria, Other vectorand water borne Diseases)

7. Reduce prevalence of blindness to 0.5% BY2010.

8.Reduction of IMR to 30/1000 &

MMR to 100/lakh BY 2010


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9. Increase utilisation of public health facilitiesfrom current level of 75% by 2010

10. Establishment of an integrated system of

surveillance, by 200711.Increase health expenditure by government as a %

of GDP from the existing 0.9% to 2.0% by 2010

12. Increase share of Central grants to constitute atleast 25% of total health spending by 2010


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POPULATION POLICY is an effort to affectthe size, structure and distribution orcharacteristics of the population. Any public

policy including population policy, is a steptowards the future and an attempt toachieve desired goal


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1. The ante natal policy, which aims atdiscouraging the growth of the population.

2. The distributional policy, which deals with

the distributional imbalance of thepopulation.


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Documents

National Health Policies 2 Nd Year