National Health Expenditure Trends, 1975 to 2014

National Health Expenditure Trends, 1975 to 2014

Chartbook October 2014

2

Our VisionBetter data. Better decisions. Healthier Canadians.

Our MandateTo lead the development and maintenance of comprehensive and integrated health information that enables sound policy and effective health system management that improve health and health care.

Our ValuesRespect, Integrity, Collaboration, Excellence, Innovation

3

The following slides are provided to reuse in your own presentations.

Please cite as follows: Canadian Institute for Health Information. National Health Expenditure Trends, 1975 to 2014. Ottawa, ON: CIHI; 2014.

Additional ResourcesThe following companion products are available on CIHI’s website.

• Report

• Data tables

• Public summary

Talk to Us

For data-specific information:[email protected]

For media inquiries:[email protected]

www.cihi.ca

mailto:[email protected]


http://www.cihi.ca/

4

This presentation

• Infographics

• National trends

• International comparisons

• Provincial-level findings

5

How much will we spend on health in 2014?

6

What is the money being spent on?

7

Where does the money come from?

8


Has health spending on seniors changed?

9

10

How do the provinces and territories compare?

11

How does Canada compare internationally?

2011 is the latest year available.

12

How much is being spent on health care?

13

Four distinct periods of growth in health spending since 1975

SourcesNational Health Expenditure Database, CIHI; Statistics Canada.

19761978

19801982

19841986

19881990

19921994

19961998

20002002

20042006

20082010

20122014

-2%

0%

2%

4%

6%

8%

10%

12%

14%

16%

18%

20%

Annual Growth Rates

Total Real per Capita Forecast

© Canadian Institute for Health Information.

14

The fourth period is emerging19

7519

7719

7919

8119

8319

8519

8719

8919

9119

9319

9519

9719

9920

0120

0320

0520

0720

0920

1120

13

$1,000

$1,200

$1,400

$1,600

$1,800

$2,000

$2,200

$2,400

$2,600

$2,800

Actual Forecast Trend (1975–1991) Trend (1991–1996)

P/T Government Spending on Health, per Capita, in Constant $



15

The percentage of total health spending as a proportion of Canada’s gross domestic product (GDP) has fallen gradually in the past few years

19751978

19811984

19871990

19931996

19992002

20052008

20112014

6%

7%

8%

9%

10%

11%

12%

8.0%

9.5%9.4%

11.6%

Actual Forecast


SourcesNational Health Expenditure Database, CIHI; Statistics Canada; The Conference Board of Canada.

16

Public/private split unchanged in the last two decades

1975

1977

1979

1981

1983

1985

1987

1989

1991

1993

1995

1997

1999

2001

2003

2005

2007

2009

2011

2013

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80% 77.0%

70.8% 70.5%

23.0%

29.2% 29.5%

Public- and Private-Sector Shares of Total Health Expenditure, 1975 to 2014

Public-Sector Share Private-Sector Share Forecast


SourceNational Health Expenditure Database, CIHI.

17

Where does the money come from?

Provincial Government Sec-tor 65.5% ($140.8)

Other Public Sector 5.0% ($10.7)

Other Private 3.2% ($6.9)

Private Health Insurance 12.1% ($26.1)

Out of Pocket 14.2% ($30.4)


Notes2014 forecast data.In billions of dollars.SourcesNational Health Expenditure Database, CIHI; Statistics Canada.

Public Sector

Private Sector

18

There is a difference of more than $1,300 between the highest and lowest spenders

N.L. P.E.I. N.S. N.B. Que. Ont. Man. Sask. Alta. B.C.$0

$4,000

$8,000

$6,953

$6,477$6,761

$6,340

$5,616$5,894

$6,689$6,472

$6,783

$5,865

Total Health Spending per Capita, by Province, 2014f

Public Sector Private Sector© Canadian Institute for Health Information.

Notef: Forecast.SourcesNational Health Expenditure Database, CIHI; Statistics Canada.

19

On average, provincial/territorial governments spend 40% of their budgets on health care

N.L.

P.E.I.

N.S.

N.B.

Que.

Ont. Man. Sask. Alta.

B.C.

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

35%

40%

45%

50%

34% 33%

42%39%

33%

45%43%

37% 37%

41%

37% 38%

46%

40%

30%

41%44%

37%38%

43%

2008


f Canada Average2008 39%

2013f 38%


20

Provincial/territorial government health spending is growing faster than revenue; spending on other government programs also continues to increase

Series1

-3%

-2%

-1%

0%

1%

2%

3%

4%

5%

1.9%

-2.9%

3.7% 3.8%

2.1%1.5%

Average Annual Real per Capita Expenditure Growth,Canada, 1998 to 2009

Revenue Debt Charges Health Transportation/Communication


SourceStatistics Canada.

21


22

About 60% of total health spending is directed to hospitals, drugs and physicians

Hospitals29.6%

Drugs15.8%

Physicians15.5%

Other Institutions10.3%

Other Professionals10.1%

Other Health Spending6.1%

Public Health5.3%

Capital4.1%

Administration3.1%

© Canadian Institute for Health Information.Note2014 forecast data.SourceNational Health Expenditure Database, CIHI.

23

30%

16%

15%

10%

10%

19%

Spending on hospitals declined in the last decade as spending on drugs and other expenditures increased

Notef: Forecast.SourceNational Health Expenditure Database, CIHI.

2014f1994

34%

13%15%

11%

11%

16%

Hospitals Drugs Physicians Other InstitutionsOther Professionals Other Expenditures


24

Public-sector share of spending on prescription drugs

N.L. P.E.I. N.S. N.B. Que. Ont. Man. Sask. Alta. B.C.0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

37.2%

40.0%

37.4%

31.7%

45.8%

41.2%

45.4%

51.1%

43.9%

34.5%

2014© Canadian Institute for Health Information.

f


25

Public-sector spending on prescription drugs, average annual growth rate, last decade versus current decade

N.L. P.E.I. N.S. N.B. Que. Ont. Man. Sask. Alta. B.C.0%

2%

4%

6%

8%

10%

12%

14%

7.4%

10.1%

8.1%

9.1%

11.9%

9.8%

13.3%

11.2%12.0%

7.8%

3.6%

6.7%

5.1%4.7%

4.1%3.5% 3.3%

5.7% 6.0%

2.1%

1994–2004


f


Canada Average

1994–2004 10.3%

2004–2014f 3.9%

26

Difference of $400 between the highest and lowest total drug expenditure per capita

N.L.

P.E.I.

N.S.

N.B.

Que.

Ont. Man. Sask. Alta.

B.C.

$0

$400

$800

$1,200

$951 $934

$1,098$1,145

$1,065

$982

$862 $856 $882

$740

Total Drug Spending per Capita, 2014f

© Canadian Institute for Health Information.Notef: Forecast.SourcesNational Health Expenditure Database, CIHI; Statistics Canada.

27

On average, we spend three times more on older seniors than on younger seniors

<1 1–4 5–9 10–14

15–19

20–24

25–29

30–34

35–39

40–44

45–49

50–54

55–59

60–64

65–69

70–74

75–79

80–84

85–89

90+$0

$5,000

$10,000

$15,000

$20,000

$25,000

$30,000

$10,

487

$1,5

76

$1,3

19$1

,360

$1,6

15$1

,746

$2,1

41$2

,352

$2,2

43

$2,2

71$2

,544

$2,9

99

$3,6

60

$4,6

20$6

,368 $8

,545 $1

1,69

2 $16,

231

$24,

591 $2

9,20

6Total P/T Health Spending per Capita, 2012



28

Share of health spending on seniors has risen only slightly since 2002

2002 20120%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

2.9% 2.9%

52.6% 51.9%

44.6% 45.2%

<1 1–64 65+Age Group



29

Impact of population growth and aging varies

N.L. P.E.I. N.S. N.B. Que. Ont. Man. Sask. Alta. B.C. 0%

1%

2%

3%

1.2%

0.7%

1.0%1.1% 1.2%

0.9%

0.4%0.2%

0.6%0.8%

0.5%

0.1% 0.1%

0.8%

1.2%

0.7% 0.6%

2.2%

1.0%

Ave

rag

e A

nn

ua

l Gro

wth

(2

00

0–

20

12

)


0.0%

Canada Average

Population Growth 1.0%

Aging 0.9%


30

How does Canada compare internationally?

31

Canada’s per person spending is just more than half of what is spent on health care in the U.S. but higher than the OECD average

Turkey

Estonia

Hungary

Slovak Republic

Israel

Slovenia

New Zealand*

Iceland

Japan

Sweden

Belgium

CANADA

Germany

Netherlands*

Norway

$0 $1,000 $2,000 $3,000 $4,000 $5,000 $6,000 $7,000 $8,000 $9,000 $10,000

$984$1,048

$1,447$1,540

$1,803$2,077$2,105

$2,291$2,304

$2,642$2,667

$2,998$3,172

$3,289$3,536$3,559$3,649

$3,997$4,106

$4,288$4,419

$4,578$4,602$4,698

$4,811$4,896

$5,219$6,080$6,140

$8,745

Average: US$3,590

Total Health Spending per Capita, US$, 30 Selected Countries, 2012

Per Capita Expenditure, US$ © Canadian Institute for Health Information.

Note* Data for 2011.SourceOECD Health Statistics 2014 (June edition), Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD).

32

Canada spends more on health care as a percentage of its economy than most OECD countries

Turkey

Mexico

Luxembourg

Czech Republic

Hungary

Iceland

Finland

Norway

Spain*

New Zealand*

Japan

CANADA

Austria

Switzerland

Netherlands*

0% 2% 4% 6% 8% 10% 12% 14% 16% 18%

5.4%5.9%

6.2%6.8%

7.1%7.3%

7.5%7.6%

8.0%8.1%

9.0%9.1%9.1%9.3%9.3%9.4%9.4%9.6%

10.0%10.2%10.3%

10.9%10.9%11.0%11.1%11.3%11.4%11.6%

12.1%16.9%

Average: 9.4%

Share of...© Canadian Institute for Health Information.Note

* Data for 2011. SourceOECD Health Statistics 2014 (June edition), OECD.

33

The ratio of health spending to GDP increased in all G7 countries in the last decade

Canada France Germany Italy Japan United Kingdom

United States0%

2%

4%

6%

8%

10%

12%

14%

16%

18%

9.4%

10.6% 10.7%

8.2% 7.9% 7.5%

14.6%

10.9%11.6% 11.3%

9.2%

10.3%9.3%

16.9%

2002 2012© Canadian Institute for Health Information.

SourceOECD Health Statistics 2014 (June edition), OECD.

34

The share of health spending funded by the public sector in Canada is less than the OECD average

United States

Korea

Hungary

Switzerland

Poland

CANADA

OECD Average

Finland

Austria

Turkey

Estonia

Sweden

New Zealand*

United Kingdom

Norway

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

47.6%50.6%

54.5%59.8%

62.6%65.0%65.8%

68.4%69.2%69.7%70.1%

71.5%73.3%73.0%

75.0%75.2%75.9%76.7%76.8%77.4%

78.7%80.5%81.3%82.1%82.7%83.5%84.0%84.0%85.0%85.8%

Average: 73.3%


Note* Data for 2011. SourceOECD Health Statistics 2014 (June edition), OECD.

35

As GDP grows, so does per person health spending

1% 2% 3% 4% 5%

-1%

0%

1%

2%

3%

4%

5%

6%

7%

8%

9%

LUX

ISL

PRTFRA ISR

CHE AUT

DEUDNK NOR

AUS

HUN

MEXCAN

SVN

SWEESP

USBEL FIN

JPN GBR

NZLTUR

CZE

NLD

ESTPOL

SVK

KOR

Average Annual Growth, Constant Dollars, 2000 to 2012(Countries with health spending above $2,000 per capita)

45° line

Average Annual Real Growth in GDP per Capita

Ave

rage

Ann

ual R

eal G

row

th in

Hea

lth S

pend

ing

per

Cap

ita


SourceOECD Health Statistics 2014 (June edition), OECD.

36

What is happening in my province?

Provincial Chapter

Newfoundland and Labrador

37

38

How has total health spending changed over time?

1975

1977

1979

1981

1983

1985

1987

1989

1991

1993

1995

1997

1999

2001

2003

2005

2007

2009

2011

2013

$0.0 B

$0.5 B

$1.0 B

$1.5 B

$2.0 B

$2.5 B

$3.0 B

$3.5 B

$4.0 B

$3 Billion

$1.5 Billion

Expenditure Forecast© Canadian Institute for Health Information.



39

Provincial government health expenditure per capita, annual growth rates in constant 1997 dollars

1976

1978

1980

1982

1984

1986

1988

1990

1992

1994

1996

1998

2000

2002

2004

2006

2008

2010

2012

2014

-6%

-4%

-2%

0%

2%

4%

6%

8%

10%

12%

14%

3.1%

0.7%

4.6%




40

Total health spending–to-GDP ratio


1975

1977

1979

1981

1983

1985

1987

1989

1991

1993

1995

1997

1999

2001

2003

2005

2007

2009

2011

2013

6%

7%

8%

9%

10%

11%

12%

13%

14%

Newfoundland and Labrador Canada Forecast



41

Category shares of total health spending

Hospitals35.9%

Drugs13.7%

Physicians12.8%




Capital4.6%

Public Health3.3%

Administration3.0%

© Canadian Institute for Health Information.Note2014 forecast data.SourceNational Health Expenditure Database, CIHI.


42

Shares of provincial government health spending by age group

2002 20120%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

2.1% 1.9%

50.3% 50.6%47.6% 47.5%

<1 1–64 65+

Age Group




Provincial Chapter

Prince Edward Island

43

44


$0 M

$100 M

$200 M

$300 M

$400 M

$500 M

$600 M

$700 M

$800 M

$900 M

$1,000 M$900 Million

$450 Million

Expenditure Forecast




45


1976

1978

1980

1982

1984

1986

1988

1990

1992

1994

1996

1998

2000

2002

2004

2006

2008

2010

2012

2014

-8%

-4%

0%

4%

8%

12%

16%

20%

2.0%0.2%

3.9%

Actual Forecast




46



1975

1977

1979

1981

1983

1985

1987

1989

1991

1993

1995

1997

1999

2001

2003

2005

2007

2009

2011

2013

6%

8%

10%

12%

14%

16%

18%

Prince Edward Island Canada Forecast



47


Hospitals31.4%

Drugs14.4%


Physicians11.6%


Administration7.3%


Public Health5.2%

Capital2.0%

© Canadian Institute for Health Information.Note2014 forecast data. SourceNational Health Expenditure Database, CIHI.


48


2002 20120%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

2.1% 2.1%

55.1%

49.1%

42.8%

48.7%





Provincial Chapter

Nova Scotia

49

50


1975

1977

1979

1981

1983

1985

1987

1989

1991

1993

1995

1997

1999

2001

2003

2005

2007

2009

2011

2013

$0 B

$1 B

$2 B

$3 B

$4 B

$5 B

$6 B

$7 B

$6 Billion

$3 Billion




Nova Scotia

51


1976

1978

1980

1982

1984

1986

1988

1990

1992

1994

1996

1998

2000

2002

2004

2006

2008

2010

2012

2014

-8%

-4%

0%

4%

8%

12%

16%

20%

24%

28%

3.7%

-2.5%

4.3%


Nova Scotia


52



1975

1977

1979

1981

1983

1985

1987

1989

1991

1993

1995

1997

1999

2001

2003

2005

2007

2009

2011

2013

6%

8%

10%

12%

14%

16%

18%

Nova Scotia Canada


Nova Scotia

53


Hospitals30.4%

Drugs16.2%

Physicians13.0%




Administration5.0%

Capital3.3%

Public Health2.9%


Nova Scotia

54


2002 20120%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

2.7% 2.5%

49.9%46.9%47.3%

50.6%




Nova Scotia

Provincial Chapter

New Brunswick

55

56


1975

1977

1979

1981

1983

1985

1987

1989

1991

1993

1995

1997

1999

2001

2003

2005

2007

2009

2011

2013

$0 B

$1 B

$2 B

$3 B

$4 B

$5 B

$6 B

$4 Billion

$2 Billion




New Brunswick

57


1976

1978

1980

1982

1984

1986

1988

1990

1992

1994

1996

1998

2000

2002

2004

2006

2008

2010

2012

2014

-6%

-3%

0%

3%

6%

9%

12%

15%

18%

21%

24%

4.1%

-0.3%

3.5%

Actual Forecast Average (1975–1991) Average (1991–1996)


New Brunswick


58



1975

1977

1979

1981

1983

1985

1987

1989

1991

1993

1995

1997

1999

2001

2003

2005

2007

2009

2011

2013

6%

7%

8%

9%

10%

11%

12%

13%

14%

15%

16%

New Brunswick Canada Forecast© Canadian Institute for Health Information.

New Brunswick

59


Hospitals33.2%

Drugs18.1%Physicians

12.5%




Administration3.8%

Public Health3.7%

Capital2.3%


New Brunswick

60


2002 20120%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

2.6% 1.9%

51.6%

47.2%45.8%

50.9%

<1 1–64 65+

Age Group



New Brunswick

Provincial Chapter

Quebec

61

62


1975

1977

1979

1981

1983

1985

1987

1989

1991

1993

1995

1997

1999

2001

2003

2005

2007

2009

2011

2013

$0 B

$5 B

$10 B

$15 B

$20 B

$25 B

$30 B

$35 B

$40 B

$45 B

$50 B

$40 Billion

$20 Billion



Quebec

63


1976

1978

1980

1982

1984

1986

1988

1990

1992

1994

1996

1998

2000

2002

2004

2006

2008

2010

2012

2014

-2%

0%

2%

4%

6%

8%

2.1%

-1.0%

2.6%


Quebec


64



1975

1977

1979

1981

1983

1985

1987

1989

1991

1993

1995

1997

1999

2001

2003

2005

2007

2009

2011

2013

6%

7%

8%

9%

10%

11%

12%

13%

Quebec Canada


Quebec

65


Hospitals26.5%

Drugs19.0%

Physicians15.0%



Capital5.6%


Administration3.0%

Public Health2.8%


Quebec

66


2002 20120%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

2.4% 2.5%

46.7% 47.9%50.9% 49.6%

<1 1–64 65+

Age Group



Quebec

Provincial Chapter

Ontario

67

68


1975

1977

1979

1981

1983

1985

1987

1989

1991

1993

1995

1997

1999

2001

2003

2005

2007

2009

2011

2013

$0 B

$10 B

$20 B

$30 B

$40 B

$50 B

$60 B

$70 B

$80 B

$90 B

$80 Billion

$40 Billion




Ontario

69


1976

1978

1980

1982

1984

1986

1988

1990

1992

1994

1996

1998

2000

2002

2004

2006

2008

2010

2012

2014

-4%

-2%

0%

2%

4%

6%

8%

10%

12%

2.8%

-1.7%

2.9%


Ontario


70



1975

1977

1979

1981

1983

1985

1987

1989

1991

1993

1995

1997

1999

2001

2003

2005

2007

2009

2011

2013

6%

7%

8%

9%

10%

11%

12%

13%

Ontario Canada Forecast


Ontario

71


Hospitals28.3%

Physicians16.8%

Drugs16.7%



Public Health5.8%


Capital4.0%

Administration2.7%


Ontario

72


2002 20120%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

3.1% 3.0%

53.3%50.9%

43.6%46.1%




Ontario

73

Provincial Chapter

Manitoba

74


1975

1977

1979

1981

1983

1985

1987

1989

1991

1993

1995

1997

1999

2001

2003

2005

2007

2009

2011

2013

$0 B

$1 B

$2 B

$3 B

$4 B

$5 B

$6 B

$7 B

$8 B

$9 B

$8 Billion

$4 Billion



Manitoba


75

1976

1978

1980

1982

1984

1986

1988

1990

1992

1994

1996

1998

2000

2002

2004

2006

2008

2010

2012

2014

-4%

-2%

0%

2%

4%

6%

8%

10%

12%

14%

16%

2.8%

-1.0%

3.5%


Manitoba


76



1975

1977

1979

1981

1983

1985

1987

1989

1991

1993

1995

1997

1999

2001

2003

2005

2007

2009

2011

2013

6%

7%

8%

9%

10%

11%

12%

13%

14%

15%

Manitoba Canada© Canadian Institute for Health Information.

Manitoba

77


Hospitals30.0%

Physicians14.2%

Drugs12.9%




Public Health6.9%

Administration3.2%

Capital3.1%


Manitoba

78


2002 20120%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

2.8% 2.8%

53.5% 53.5%

43.7% 43.7%




Manitoba

Provincial Chapter

Saskatchewan

79

80


1975

1977

1979

1981

1983

1985

1987

1989

1991

1993

1995

1997

1999

2001

2003

2005

2007

2009

2011

2013

$0 B

$1 B

$2 B

$3 B

$4 B

$5 B

$6 B

$7 B

$8 B

$7 Billion

$3.5 Billion



Saskatchewan

81


1976

1978

1980

1982

1984

1986

1988

1990

1992

1994

1996

1998

2000

2002

2004

2006

2008

2010

2012

2014

-8%

-6%

-4%

-2%

0%

2%

4%

6%

8%

3.1%

-2.8%

3.5%


Saskatchewan


82



1975

1977

1979

1981

1983

1985

1987

1989

1991

1993

1995

1997

1999

2001

2003

2005

2007

2009

2011

2013

6%

7%

8%

9%

10%

11%

12%

Saskatchewan Canada Forecast


Saskatchewan

83


Hospitals30.1%

Physicians14.3%

Drugs13.2%



Public Health8.5%


Administration3.4%

Capital2.2%


Saskatchewan

84


2002 20120%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

2.8% 3.1%

52.4%54.5%

44.8%42.4%




Saskatchewan

Provincial Chapter

Alberta

85

86


1975

1977

1979

1981

1983

1985

1987

1989

1991

1993

1995

1997

1999

2001

2003

2005

2007

2009

2011

2013

$0 B

$5 B

$10 B

$15 B

$20 B

$25 B

$30 B

$26 Billion

$13 Billion



Alberta

87


1976

1978

1980

1982

1984

1986

1988

1990

1992

1994

1996

1998

2000

2002

2004

2006

2008

2010

2012

2014

-12%

-10%

-8%

-6%

-4%

-2%

0%

2%

4%

6%

8%

10%

12%

2.6%

-4.2%

4.6%


Alberta


88



1975

1977

1979

1981

1983

1985

1987

1989

1991

1993

1995

1997

1999

2001

2003

2005

2007

2009

2011

2013

4%

5%

6%

7%

8%

9%

10%

11%

12%

13%

Alberta Canada


Alberta

89


Hospitals35.2%

Physicians15.6%Drugs

13.0%



Public Health6.4%


Capital3.6%

Administration2.8%


Alberta

90


2002 20120%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

3.7% 4.1%

61.0%

56.0%

35.2%

39.9%




Alberta

Provincial Chapter

British Columbia

91

92


1975

1977

1979

1981

1983

1985

1987

1989

1991

1993

1995

1997

1999

2001

2003

2005

2007

2009

2011

2013

$0 B

$5 B

$10 B

$15 B

$20 B

$25 B

$30 B

$26 Billion

$13 Billion




British Columbia

93


1976

1978

1980

1982

1984

1986

1988

1990

1992

1994

1996

1998

2000

2002

2004

2006

2008

2010

2012

2014

-4%

-2%

0%

2%

4%

6%

8%

2.7%

-1.2%

2.3%


British Columbia


94



1975

1977

1979

1981

1983

1985

1987

1989

1991

1993

1995

1997

1999

2001

2003

2005

2007

2009

2011

2013

4%

5%

6%

7%

8%

9%

10%

11%

12%

13%

British Columbia Canada Forecast


British Columbia

95


Hospitals30.7%

Physicians14.8%

Drugs12.6%



Public Health6.7%


Administration3.8%

Capital3.7%


British Columbia

96


2002 20120%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

2.4% 2.6%

53.1%

56.9%

44.4%

40.6%




British Columbia

97

More information

The annual report National Health Expenditure Trends, 1975 to 2014 provides detailed, updated information on health expenditure in Canada.

The annual report, information sheets, presentations, methodological notes and up-to-date data tables are available at www.cihi.ca/nhex.

Feedback and questions can be sent to [email protected].

http://www.cihi.ca/nhex


Documents

National Health Expenditure Trends, 1975 to 2014