National Fire Protection Association · 2016-03-28 · National Fire Protection Association 1 Batterymarch Park, Quincy, MA 02169-7471 Phone: 617-770-3000 • Fax: 617-770-0700 •

National Fire Protection Association 1 Batterymarch Park, Quincy, MA 02169-7471 Phone: 617-770-3000 • Fax: 617-770-0700 • www.nfpa.org

Agenda

NFPA Technical Committee on Fire Code

NFPA 1-2018 Pre-First Draft Meeting

June 4-5, 2015 Hilton Orlando Lake Buena Vista

Lake Buena Vista, Florida

1. Call to order at 8:30 AM, Thursday, June 4, 2015 – J. Collins 2. Self-introduction of members and guests – pg. 3

3. Approval of October 24, 2013 meeting minutes – pg. 7

4. Chair’s report – J. Collins

5. New NFPA extract policy – G. Harrington, pg. 13

6. NFPA 1124 withdrawal (TIA 1-15-1) – G. Harrington, pg. 16

7. Chapter 60 MAQ tables (TIA 1-15-2, Errata 1-15-2) – G. Harrington, pg. 18

8. NFPA 1-2018 preliminary public input review – pg. 38

9. Miscellaneous NFPA 1 items

i) Emergency command center room size requirements in NFPA 1 and NFPA

5000 – pg. 126 ii) Food truck regulations – pg. 127 iii) Attic draftstopping – FBC/UF Report – pg. 128 iv) NFPA 1 – 19.2.1.4 exception formatting – pg. 201 v) Rubberized asphalt melters: PI #158 – pg. 202 vi) Energy storage systems (ESS) hazard assessment – pg. 207

10. NFPA 1 task group assignments and breakout sessions – J. Collins

i) Task Group 1 – Parts I & II (Chs. 1-4 and 6-19)

Page 1 of 208

ii) Task Group 2 – Part III (Chs. 20-39) iii) Task Group 3 – Parts IV, V & VI (Chs. 40-75) iv) Task Group 4 – Performance Based Option (Ch. 5) v) NFPA 56 Task Group (see Item 9-i of October 24, 2013 minutes) – C.

Stashak, TG Chair vi) NFPA 30B extract review (see Item 9-ii of October 24, 2013 minutes) – P.

Willse, TG Chair

11. NFPA 1 task group reports

12. Other business

13. Schedule NFPA 1 First Draft Meeting (Oct. 8-9, 2015, location TBD)

14. Adjournment

Page 2 of 208

Address List No PhoneFire Code FCC-AAA

Gregory E. Harrington05/26/2015

FCC-AAA

Jeffrey P. Collins

ChairPalm Beach County Fire/Rescue405 Pike RoadWest Palm Beach, FL 33411NFPA Fire Service SectionAlternate: John Lake

E 4/4/1997FCC-AAA

Scott W. Adams

PrincipalPark City Fire Service DistrictPO Box 980010Park City, UT 84098-0010Western Fire Chiefs AssociationRuralAlternate: Brent L. Christopherson

E 7/24/1997

FCC-AAA

Anthony C. Apfelbeck

PrincipalAltamonte Springs Building/Fire Safety Division225 Newburyport AvenueAltamonte Springs, FL 32701NFPA Architects, Engineers, & Building Officials Section

E 4/16/1999FCC-AAA

H. “Butch” Browning, Jr.

PrincipalLouisiana Office of State Fire Marshal8181 Independence BoulevardBaton Rouge, LA 70806-6413International Association of Fire Chiefs

E 08/11/2014

FCC-AAA

Kenneth E. Bush

PrincipalMaryland State Fire Marshals Office301 Bay Street, Lower LevelEaston, MD 21601-2721

E 7/12/2001FCC-AAA

Daniel Buuck

PrincipalNational Association of Home Builders1201 15th Street, NWWashington, DC 20005-2800National Association of Home Builders

U 03/03/2014

FCC-AAA

Robert J. Davidson

PrincipalDavidson Code Concepts, LLC311 Camperdown CourtEasley, SC 29642-7734

SE 8/2/2010FCC-AAA

Sean DeCrane

PrincipalCity of Cleveland-Division of Fire17209 Bradgate AvenueCleveland, OH 44111

E 10/20/2010

FCC-AAA

John F. Devlin

PrincipalAon Fire Protection Engineering Corporation6305 Ivy Lane, Suite 220Greenbelt, MD 20770Alternate: Scott T. Laramee

I 3/1/2011FCC-AAA

F. Tom Fangmann

PrincipalSunCoke Energy1011 Warrenville Road, Suite 600Lisle, IL 60532NFPA Industrial Fire Protection Section

U 3/21/2006

FCC-AAA

Keith L. Farmer

PrincipalThe DuPont Company, Inc.1007 North Market Street, D12017Wilmington, DE 19898

U 10/23/2003FCC-AAA

Ronald R. Farr

PrincipalUL LLC1226 107th AvenueOtsego, MI 49078

RT 1/16/1998

FCC-AAA

Robert Fash

PrincipalLas Vegas Fire & Rescue500 North Casino Center Blvd.Las Vegas, NV 89101-2944Alternate: Steven Taulbee

E 1/15/2004FCC-AAA

Sam W. Francis

PrincipalAmerican Wood Council1 Dutton Farm LaneWest Grove, PA 19390

U 10/18/2011

1

Page 3 of 208



FCC-AAA

Andrew Fukuda

PrincipalHonolulu Fire Department95-1049 Pahaku StreetMililani, HI 96789-5547International Association of Fire Fighters

L 03/03/2014FCC-AAA

Reinhard Hanselka

Principalaidi, Inc.PO Box 9066Panama City Beach, FL 32417

SE 4/15/2004

FCC-AAA

Sarina L. Hart

PrincipalKoffel Associates, Inc.8815 Centre Park Drive, Suite 200Columbia, MD 21045-2107Alternate: James K. Lathrop

SE 08/09/2012FCC-AAA

Richard S. Kraus

PrincipalAPI/Petroleum Safety Consultants210 East Fairfax Street, Apt. 600Falls Church, VA 22046-2909American Petroleum Institute

U 1/1/1980

FCC-AAA

Vickie J. Lovell

PrincipalInterCode Incorporated200 NE 2nd Avenue, Suite 309Delray Beach, FL 33444Fire Safe North America

M 08/09/2012FCC-AAA

Richard W. Miller

PrincipalMichigan Department of Fire Services3101 Technology Blvd.Lansing, MI 48910International Fire Marshals Association

E 07/29/2013

FCC-AAA

Wayne D. Moore

PrincipalJENSEN HUGHES117 Metro Center Boulevard, Suite 1002Warwick, RI 02886-2207Automatic Fire Alarm Association, Inc.Alternate: Shane M. Clary

M 1/1/1992FCC-AAA

Morton L. Myers

PrincipalCity of Chico Fire Department842 Salem StreetChico, CA 95928-5540Western Fire Chiefs AssociationUrban

E 3/1/2011

FCC-AAA

Joseph L. Navarra

PrincipalPepco Holdings Inc.701 Ninth Street, NWWashington, DC 20068Edison Electric Institute

U 10/10/1998FCC-AAA

James S. Peterkin

PrincipalHeery International1717 Arch Street, Suite 3730Philadelphia, PA 19103-2840NFPA Health Care Section

U 7/16/2003

FCC-AAA

John A. Sharry

PrincipalLawrence Livermore National LaboratoryPO Box 808, L-388Livermore, CA 94551

U 10/27/2009FCC-AAA

Catherine L. Stashak

PrincipalOffice of the Illinois State Fire MarshalJames R. Thompson Center100 West Randolph Street, 4-600Chicago, IL 60601

E 11/2/2006

FCC-AAA

J. L. (Jim) Tidwell

PrincipalTidwell Code Consulting11712 Wind Creek CourtAledo, TX 76008Fire Equipment Manufacturers' AssociationAlternate: Roy C. Kimball

M 8/5/2009FCC-AAA

Randolph W. Tucker

Principalccrd partners808 Travis, Suite 200Houston, TX 77002

SE 10/6/2000

2

Page 4 of 208



FCC-AAA

Wayne Waggoner

PrincipalNational Fire Sprinkler Association, Inc.PO Box 9Andersonville, TN 37705Alternate: Jeffrey M. Hugo

M 1/18/2001FCC-AAA

Peter J. Willse

PrincipalXL Global Asset Protection Services100 Constitution Plaza, 12th FloorHartford, CT 06103

I 1/1/1989

FCC-AAA

Brent L. Christopherson

AlternateMissoula Rural Fire District2521 South Avenue WestMissoula, MT 59804Western Fire Chiefs AssociationRuralPrincipal: Scott W. Adams

E 03/05/2012FCC-AAA

Shane M. Clary

AlternateBay Alarm Company60 Berry DrivePacheco, CA 94553Automatic Fire Alarm Association, Inc.Principal: Wayne D. Moore

M 4/14/2005

FCC-AAA

Jeffrey M. Hugo

AlternateNational Fire Sprinkler Association, Inc.1088 West Borton RoadEssexville, MI 48732Principal: Wayne Waggoner

M 7/26/2007FCC-AAA

Roy C. Kimball

AlternateBrooks Equipment Company, Inc.PO Box 481888Charlotte, NC 28269Fire Equipment Manufacturers' AssociationPrincipal: J. L. (Jim) Tidwell

M 1/18/2001

FCC-AAA

John Lake

AlternateCity of Gainesville306 NE 6th Avenue, Building BPO Box 490, Station 9Gainesville, FL 32602-0490NFPA Fire Service SectionPrincipal: Jeffrey P. Collins

E 4/15/2004FCC-AAA

Scott T. Laramee

AlternateAon Fire Protection Engineering Corporation5000 Executive Parkway, Suite 340San Ramon, CA 94583Principal: John F. Devlin

I 08/09/2012

FCC-AAA

James K. Lathrop

AlternateKoffel Associates, Inc.81 Pennsylvania AvenueNiantic, CT 06357Principal: Sarina L. Hart

SE 1/12/2000FCC-AAA

Steven Taulbee

AlternateLas Vegas Fire Department500 North Casino Center BoulevardLas Vegas, NV 89101Principal: Robert Fash

E 07/29/2013

FCC-AAA

Mohd Moeed Al Arim Al Qahatni

Nonvoting MemberDar Alkawashif Company (DACO)PO Box 270071Ce, Riyahd, 11352 Saudi Arabia

SE 07/29/2013FCC-AAA

John E. Chartier

Nonvoting MemberRhode Island State Fire Marshal118 Parade StreetProvidence, RI 02909Northeast Regional Fire Code Development Committee

E 08/09/2012

3

Page 5 of 208



FCC-AAA

Bill Galloway

Nonvoting MemberWest Florence Fire & Rescue221 South Barrington DriveFlorence, SC 29501Southern Regional Fire Code Development Committee

E 08/09/2012FCC-AAA

Doug Hohbein

Nonvoting MemberNebraska State Fire Marshal246 South 14th StreetLincoln, NB 68508North Central Regional Fire Code Development Committee

E 08/09/2012

FCC-AAA

Walter Smittle, III

Member Emeritus219 Simmons DriveRipley, WV 25271

SE 1/1/1981FCC-AAA

Gregory E. Harrington

Staff LiaisonNational Fire Protection Association1 Batterymarch ParkQuincy, MA 02169-7471

4/22/2008

4

Page 6 of 208

NFPA Technical Committee on Fire Code

(FCC-AAA)

NFPA 1-2015 SECOND DRAFT MEETING MINUTES

October 24, 2013

DoubleTree Suites by Hilton Hotel

Austin, Texas

1. Call to Order. The meeting was called to order by Chair Jeffrey Collins at 8:00 AM,

October 24, 2013.

2. Introduction of Committee Members and Guests.

TECHNICAL COMMITTEE MEMBERS PRESENT

NAME REPRESENTING

Jeffrey Collins, Chair Palm Beach County Fire/Rescue

Rep. NFPA Fire Service Section

Gregory Harrington, Staff Liaison National Fire Protection Association

Anthony Apfelbeck, Principal Altamonte Springs Building/Fire Safety

Division

Rep. NFPA Architects, Engineers, & Building

Officials Section

Carl Baldassarra, Principal The RJA Group, Inc.

Jim Budzinski, Principal International Association of Fire Chiefs

Kenneth Bush, Principal Maryland State Fire Marshal’s Office

Shane Clary, Alt. to W. Moore Bay Alarm Company

Rep. Automatic Fire Alarm Association, Inc.

John Devlin, Principal Aon Fire Protection Engineering Corporation

Ronald Farr, Principal Underwriters Laboratories, Inc.

Sam Francis, Principal American Wood Council

Richard Kraus, Principal API/Petroleum Safety Consultants

Rep. American Petroleum Institute

James Lathrop, Principal Koffel Associates, Inc.

Valeriano Martin, Principal County of Maui Dept. of Fire and Public

Safety

Rep. Western Fire Chiefs Association

Richard Miller, Principal Michigan Department of Fire Services

Page 7 of 208

Rep. International Fire Marshals Association

Wayne Moore, Principal Hughes Associates, Inc.

Rep. Automatic Fire Alarm Association, Inc.

Morton Myers, Alt. to V. Martin City of Chico Fire Department


Steven Orlowski, Principal National Association of Home Builders

Catherine Stashak, Principal Office of the Illinois State Fire Marshal

J. Tidwell, Principal Tidwell Code Consulting

Rep. Fire Equipment Manufacturers’ Assn.

Peter Willse, Principal XL Global Asset Protection Services

Mohd Moeed Al Arim Al Qahatni,

Nonvoting Member

Dar Alkawashif Company (DACO)

John Chartier, Nonvoting Member Rhode Island State Fire Marshal

Rep. Northeast Regional Fire Code

Development Committee

Bill Galloway, Nonvoting Member West Florence Fire & Rescue

Rep. Southern Regional Fire Code


Kelly Nicolello, Nonvoting Member Alaska Department of Public Safety

Rep. Western Regional Fire Code


GUESTS

Kristin Bigda NFPA

Andy Burke Restaurant Technologies, Inc.

Andrew Fukuda IAFF

Jon Roberts UL

Joe Scheffey Hughes Assoc. Inc.

Jeff Shapiro International Code Consultants

Robert Solomon NFPA

TECHNICAL COMMITTEE PRINCIPAL MEMBERS NOT PRESENT (NOT

LISTED WHERE ALTERNATE ATTENDED)

NAME REPRESENTING

Scott Adams, Principal Park City Fire Service District


Sean DeCrane, Principal City of Cleveland-Division of Fire

F. Tom Fangmann, Principal SunCoke Energy

Rep. NFPA Industrial Fire Protection Section

Keith Farmer, Principal The DuPont Company, Inc.

Robert Fash, Principal Las Vegas Fire & Rescue

Reinhard Hanselka, Principal aidi, Inc.

Page 8 of 208

Douglas Hipp, Sr., Principal Baltimore City Fire Department

Rep. International Association of Fire Fighters

Vickie Lovell, Principal InterCode Incorporated

Rep. Alliance for Fire & Smoke Containment

& Control, Inc.

Joseph Navarra, Principal Pepco Holdings Inc.

Rep. Edison Electric Institute

James Peterkin, Principal Heery International

Rep. NFPA Health Care Section

John Sharry, Principal Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory

Randolph Tucker, Principal ccrd partners

Wayne Waggoner, Principal National Fire Sprinkler Association, Inc.

3. Approval of Previous Meeting Minutes. The minutes of the October 17-19, 2012

meeting were approved as submitted.

4. Chair’s Report – J. Collins. The Chair thanked the committee membership for

attending and announced the purpose of the meeting was to act on the NFPA 1 public

comments and prepare the NFPA 1 Second Draft.

5. Review of New NFPA Codes and Standards Development Process – G. Harrington.

Staff reviewed the second draft meeting procedures and timeline for subsequent activities

(e.g., NITMAM submittals). See the meeting agenda for the PowerPoint slide

presentation. Complete details on the NFPA codes and standards development process

are available online at:

http://www.nfpa.org/codes-and-standards/standards-development-process

6. NFPA 1 Task Group Assignments and Breakout Sessions – J. Collins. The Chair

broke the committee into task groups to review the public comments and extract updates,

and develop recommended committee actions. See the attached task group rosters on pg.

5.

7. NFPA 1 Task Group Reports. The committee reconvened, and the task group chairs

presented their respective task group recommendations for actions on public comments

and second revisions (SRs). See the NFPA 1 Second Draft Report for the committee

actions.

i) Task Group 1: General (everything other than HAZMAT-related, Agenda

Items 6.i, 6.ii, 6.iv, and 6.v) –P. Willse, Chair

ii) Task Group 2: HAZMAT (Agenda Item 6.iii) – C. Stashak, Chair

8. NFPA 1 Public Comments. All NFPA 1 public comments were resolved in conjunction

with the task group reports in Item 7. See the NFPA 1 Second Draft Report.

9. Other Business.

Page 9 of 208

http://www.nfpa.org/codes-and-standards/standards-development-process

i) NFPA 56 request for consideration. In response to Agenda Item 6.iii.d, a

task group was appointed to review the request for the next revision cycle.

The task group members are: C. Stashak (Chair), K. Nicolello, K. Bush, and

R. Kraus. See attachment on pg. 6.

ii) NFPA 30B extracts. It was noted that the NFPA 30B extract update second

revisions were not ready in time for this meeting due to NFPA 1 and NFPA

30B being in concurrent revision cycles. A motion passed directing staff to

create SRs, which will appear on the Second Draft ballot, to update all 30B

extracts accordingly. NFPA 30B has undergone substantial technical revisions

in recent editions; a task group chaired by P. Willse will be appointed prior to

the next revision cycle to perform a detailed technical review of NFPA 30B

and evaluate its extracts in NFPA 1. Staff was directed to solicit volunteers

from the committee following the meeting.

10. Future Meetings. Meetings to prepare the 2018 edition of NFPA 1 will likely

commence in the spring of 2015. Details will be provided when available.

11. Adjournment. The meeting adjourned at 4:45 PM, October 24, 2013.

Page 10 of 208

NFPA 1-2015 SECOND DRAFT MEETING TASK GROUPS

Task Group 1: General

Peter Willse, Chair

Mohd Moeed Al Arim Al Qahatni

Tony Apfelbeck

Carl Baldassarra

Ken Bush

Jack Chartier

Shane Clary

John Devlin

Ron Farr

Sam Francis

Jim Lathrop

Val Martin

Wayne Moore

Kelly Nicolello

Steven Orlowski

James Tidwell

Task Group 2: HAZMAT

Cathy Stashak, Chair

Jim Budzinski

Andy Burke

Bill Galloway

Dick Kraus

Morton Myers

Jim Peterkin

Joe Scheffey

Jeffrey Shaprio

Page 11 of 208

1

Harrington, Greg

From: Beach, DeniseSent: Friday, August 23, 2013 4:13 PMTo: [email protected]: [email protected]; Harrington, GregSubject: NFPA 56 Request for Consideration

(Sent on behalf of GPS-AAA Chairman F. Switzer) Dear Mr. Collins, The purpose of this letter is to request a review of NFPA 56, Standard for Fire and Explosion Prevention During Cleaning and Purging of Flammable Gas Piping Systems, by your committee and consideration of incorporation of NFPA 56 by reference in your subject document. The Technical Committee on Gas Process Safety (GPS) performed a cursory review of your document. It appears that there could be inter-related issues between your subject document and NFPA 56. It has come to our attention from some committees that, although NFPA 56 addresses many important applicable issues, it may not be specific enough for the many ways that flammable liquids and gases are applied in different industries. Because of this, we suggest you review NFPA 56 and either reference it if your document does not at all address the topic of cleaning and purging piping systems, or extract relevant sections, after appropriate modifications identified by your committee. NFPA 56 applies to fire and explosion prevention during cleaning and purging activities for new and existing flammable gas piping found in electric-generating plants and in industrial, institutional, and commercial applications. NFPA 56 was developed in direct response to the explosion and subsequent fatalities at the Kleen Energy natural gas-fired power plant in Middletown, CT. (See the Chemical Safety Board report here: http://www.csb.gov/investigations/detail.aspx?SID=91&Type=2&pg=1&F_State=CT.) Following the incident, the Chemical Safety Board issued urgent recommendations to NFPA and other stakeholders requesting that a safety standard be developed to address the fire and explosion hazards related to procedures that require, by their nature, the release of flammable gases. NFPA established the GPS committee, which developed and approved for publication NFPA 56(PS). In accordance with the regulations regarding the development of provisional standards (PS), NFPA 56 was immediately entered into a full revision cycle and the second edition will be issued in mid-2013. On behalf of the GPS TC, I ask that you acknowledge receipt of this request and please let us know what action, if any, your group chooses to take. The GPS committee is willing to assist in any way, including participation in task groups, providing further explanation, and discussing further the intent of NFPA 56. We want to make sure that we make this a mutually beneficial interaction. If there are things included in NFPA 56 that are inappropriate for your application, please provide that feedback to us so that we can also continue to make NFPA 56 a stronger and more usable document for flammable gas and liquid industries. Thank you in advance for your cooperation. Sincerely, Franklin Switzer Chair, Technical Committee on Gas Process Safety

Page 12 of 208

Annex A.6

EXTRACT GUIDELINE A) General. Each revision cycle, all Technical Committees shall update extracted text in accordance with this Extract Guideline. In addition to the Extract Guideline, if a Technical Committee desires to update concurrently with standards in cycle, supplemental guidelines shall be utilized. (1) Scope. This guideline provides guidance to Technical Committees for extracting text from other standards whose Technical Committees have primary jurisdiction for the subject covered. This guideline is intended to apply to extraction among NFPA standards, and standards between NFPA and other organizations working with NFPA to harmonize and/or coordinate standards.

(2) General Guidance. A standard may contain text extracted from another standard provided:

(a) there is good and sufficient reason for the extracts; (b) there is clear indication of the number, title and edition of the standard from which each extract is taken; (c) that interpretations or proposed revisions of the extracted text are referred to the Technical Committee responsible for the source standard; (d) any editing of the extracted text is confined to making the style consistent with that of the standard containing the extract and then only with the concurrence of the Technical Committee responsible for the source standard; and (e) the extracted text is kept current with that of the source standard.

B) Procedures for Updating Extracts.

(1) Updating Extracts from Issued Standards (Required):

Extracted text shall be updated to the current edition of each source standard through First Revisions and balloted in accordance with the Regulations Governing the Development of NFPA Standards (Section 4.3.10, and 4.3.11 when applicable).

(2) Supplemental Guidelines: Updating Extracts from Standards in Cycle A Technical Committee that chooses to additionally update extracted text from a source standard’s edition, which has not issued prior to the extracting standard’s Public Input Closing Date, shall process a Committee Input (CI) identifying extracts to be updated at its Second Draft Meeting.

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During the Second Draft Meeting, Second Revisions shall update extracts for consideration and balloting from either the source standard’s Second Draft or issued edition. If the source standard is neither issued nor the Second Draft posted prior to the extracting Standard’s Second Draft Meeting, the Technical Committee shall either:

a) Maintain the previous edition extracted source standard text; b) Delete the extracted source standard text through Second Revision; or c) Direct staff to delay the extracting standard’s Second Draft ballot to allow additional

revisions updating extracts following posting of the source standard’s Second Draft. Should extracted text be revised in the source standard following the posting of the extracting standard’s Second Draft, a TIA shall be processed to update extracts of the source standard’s text. Should the extract TIA fail, the subject extracted text shall return to previous edition text.

C) Guidance for the extraction of text from one standard to another

(1) General. The intent of extracting text is to make a standard as complete and useful as possible. Care must be taken to not compromise the intent of the criterion being extracted.

A section or paragraph being extracted from another standard represents a specific thought,

and it is important that the thought in its entirety be extracted. The context of the original extracted material should not be compromised or violated.

(2) Exception and Caution Statements. Text should not be extracted without including any exception(s) associated with the extracted text. Likewise, caution statements should also be included. Exception and caution statements are considered essential elements of the requirements of the associated paragraph.

(3) Notes and Related Appendices. Notes and appendices are intended as advisory, supplemental information, and thus may or may not be included with extracted text. If the extracted text contains "Notes" in the parent standard, the Technical Committee should carefully review the notes to determine whether to be extracted as well. This same logic applies to related Annex sections. If the Technical Committee chooses not to extract the Note or related Annex section, the Technical Committee must be certain the absence of this supplemental information does not create confusion or misinterpretation.

(4) Paragraph Numbering. A Technical Committee must be mindful not to change the relationship of paragraphs by the renumbering of extracted text. For example, if a paragraph with 2 subparagraphs is renumbered as 3 separate and distinct paragraphs, does that change the relationship of paragraph 2 and 3 to the original paragraph 1? Often subparagraphs refine requirements in the host paragraph and renumbering will change that emphasis, thereby compromising that relationship. For example:

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Parent Document Document Extracting 7.5.1 Paragraph 8.2.3.1 Paragraph 7.5.1.1 Subparagraph 8.2.3.2 Paragraph 7.5.1.2 Subparagraph 8.2.3.3 Paragraph 7.5.2 Paragraph 8.2.3.4 Paragraph The Technical Committee extracting text should be careful not to merely extract part of a

section or paragraph. Doing so can be misleading as the extracted text may then be out of context. The family of paragraphs establishing requirements should be kept intact to ensure both standards are consistent.

(5) References. Where extracted material references another paragraph in the standard from which the material is extracted, the Technical Committee should extract the referenced paragraph as well. Extracting text ensures a standard is complete and as useful as possible. Referring a user to another standard for a referenced paragraph is not user friendly, and is to be avoided.

Approved Standards Council: January 1984; Revised November, 2003; October, 2007, April 2015 Approved Board of Directors: June 1997; Revised November, 2007

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(Note: For further information on NFPA Codes and Standards, please see www.nfpa.org/codelist) Copyright © 2014 All Rights Reserved

NATIONAL FIRE PROTECTION ASSOCIATION

Tentative Interim Amendment

NFPA® 1 Fire Code 2015 Edition

Reference: Various TIA 15-1 (SC 14-8-9 / TIA Log #1145) Note: Text of the TIA issued and incorporated into the text of the document, therefore no separate publication is necessary.

1. Revise Table 1.12.8(a) as follows:

a. Delete the row starting with “Consumer fireworks (1.4G)” in its entirety. b. Delete the reference to 65.10.3.2 in the row starting with “Pyrotechnic articles.”

2. Revise Table 1.12.8(d) as follows: a. Delete the row starting with “Consumer fireworks (1.4G)” in its entirety. b. Delete the “asterisk” footnote, which reads, “Unless the actual weight of the pyrotechnic composition of the consumer

fireworks, 1.4G, is known, 25 percent of the gross weight of the fireworks, including packaging, is permitted to be used to determine the weight of the fireworks for the purpose of this table.”

3. Revise Section 2.2 by deleting the reference to NFPA 1124, Code for the Manufacture, Transportation, Storage, and Retail Sales of Fireworks and Pyrotechnic Articles, 2013 edition.

4. Revise Section 2.4 by deleting the reference to NFPA 1124, Code for the Manufacture, Transportation, Storage, and Retail Sales of Fireworks and Pyrotechnic Articles, 2013 edition.

5. Delete 3.3.14.2 Consumer Fireworks Retail Sales (CFRS) Area. 6. Delete 3.3.22 Barricade (Explosives or Fireworks). 7. Delete 3.3.22.1 Artificial Barricade (Explosives or Fireworks). 8. Delete 3.3.22.2 Natural Barricade (Explosives or Fireworks). 9. Delete 3.3.70 Consumer Fireworks. 10. Delete 3.3.71 Consumer Fireworks Retail Sales Area. 11. Delete 3.3.72 Consumer Fireworks Retail Sales Facility (CFRS Facility.) 12. Delete 3.3.73 Consumer Fireworks Retail Sales (CFRS) Stand, and A.3.3.73. 13. Delete 3.3.81 Covered Fuse, and A.3.3.81. 14. Delete 3.3.132 Fireworks, and A.3.3.132. 15. Delete 3.3.132.1 Consumer Fireworks, and A.3.3.132.1. 16. Delete 3.3.132.2 Display Fireworks, and A.3.3.132.2. 17. Delete 3.3.133 Flame Break. 18. Revise 3.3.150.1.3 High Hazard Level 3 Contents by deleting Item (3) Consumer Fireworks, 1.4G, and renumbering Items

(4) through (10) accordingly. 19. Delete 3.3.202 Packaged Fireworks Merchandise, and A.3.3.202. 20. Delete 3.3.257 Store, and A.3.3.257. 21. Revise 13.6.2.6.1 by deleting Item (61) and renumbering Items (62) through (71) accordingly – NFPA 10 extract. 22. Revise 20.15.4 by deleting Item (7), NFPA 1124, Code for the Manufacture, Transportation, Storage, and Retail Sales of

Fireworks and Pyrotechnic Articles – NFPA 101 extract. 23. Revise 60.1.2 by deleting Item (14), Consumer fireworks, 1.4G in mercantile occupancies complying with Section 65.10 –

NFPA 5000 extract.

Page 16 of 208



24. Revise Table 60.4.2.1.1.3 Maximum Allowable Quantity (MAQ) of Hazardous Materials per Control Area, by deleting the row starting with “Consumer fireworks” in its entirety – NFPA 400 extract.

25. Revise Table 60.4.2.1.2 Maximum Allowable Quantities (MAQ) of Hazardous Materials per Control Area in Assembly Occupancies by deleting the row starting with “Consumer fireworks” in its entirety – NFPA 400 extract.

26. Revise Table 60.4.2.1.3 Maximum Allowable Quantities (MAQ) of Hazardous Materials per Control Area in Educational Occupancies by deleting the row starting with “Consumer fireworks” in its entirety – NFPA 400 extract.

27. Revise Table 60.4.2.1.4 Maximum Allowable Quantities (MAQ) of Hazardous Materials per Control Area in Day-Care Occupancies by deleting the row starting with “Consumer fireworks” in its entirety – NFPA 400 extract.

28. Revise Table 60.4.2.1.5 Maximum Allowable Quantities (MAQ) of Hazardous Materials per Control Area in Health Care Occupancies by deleting the row starting with “Consumer fireworks” in its entirety – NFPA 400 extract.

29. Revise Table 60.4.2.1.6 Maximum Allowable Quantities (MAQ) of Hazardous Materials per Control Area in Ambulatory Health Care Occupancies by deleting the row starting with “Consumer fireworks” in its entirety – NFPA 400 extract.

30. Revise Table 60.4.2.1.7 Maximum Allowable Quantities (MAQ) of Hazardous Materials per Control Area in Detention and Correctional Occupancies by deleting the row starting with “Consumer fireworks” in its entirety – NFPA 400 extract.

31. Revise Table 60.4.2.1.8 Maximum Allowable Quantities (MAQ) of Hazardous Materials per Control Area in Residential Occupancies Consisting of Lodging and Rooming Houses, Hotels, Dormitories, Apartments, and Residential Board and Care Facilities by deleting the row starting with “Consumer fireworks” in its entirety – NFPA 400 extract.

32. Revise Table 60.4.2.1.10.1 Maximum Allowable Quantities (MAQ) of Hazardous Materials per Control Area in Business Occupancies by deleting the row starting with “Consumer fireworks” in its entirety – NFPA 400 extract.

33. Delete 65.2.2. 34. Delete 65.5.1. 35. Delete Section 65.10 Sale, Handling, and Storage of Consumer Fireworks, and all associated Annex A paragraphs

(A.65.10.X), in their entirety. 36. Revise Annex F Informational References, F.1.1, by deleting the reference to NFPA 1124, Code for the Manufacture,

Transportation, Storage, and Retail Sales of Fireworks and Pyrotechnic Articles, 2013 edition. 37. Revise Annex F Informational References, Section F.2, by deleting the reference to NFPA 1124, Code for the

Manufacture, Transportation, Storage, and Retail Sales of Fireworks and Pyrotechnic Articles, 2013 edition.

Issue Date: August 14, 2014 Effective Date: September 3, 2014

Page 17 of 208

Tentative Interim Amendment

NFPA® 1

Fire Code 2015 Edition

Reference: Various TIA 15-2 (SC 15-4-3 / TIA Log #1173) Pursuant to Section 5 of the NFPA Regulations Governing the Development of NFPA Standards, the National Fire Protection Association has issued the following Tentative Interim Amendment to NFPA 1, Fire Code, 2015 edition. The TIA was processed by the Technical Committee on Fire Code, and was issued by the Standards Council on April 7, 2015, with an effective date of April 27, 2015.

A Tentative Interim Amendment is tentative because it has not been processed through the entire standards-making procedures. It is interim because it is effective only between editions of the standard. A TIA automatically becomes a public input of the proponent for the next edition of the standard; as such, it then is subject to all of the procedures of the standards-making process. 1. Delete Table 60.4.2.1.1.3 and replace with the following:

Table 60.4.2.1.1.3 Maximum Allowable Quantity (MAQ) of Hazardous Materials per Control Areaa

Material Class

High Hazard

Protection Level

Storage Use — Closed Systems Use — Open

Systems

Solid

Pounds

Liquid Gallons

(lb) Gasb scf

(lb) Solid

Pounds

Liquid Gallons

(lb) Gasb scf

(lb) Solid

Pounds

Liquid Gallons

(lb)

Physical Hazard Materials

Combustible liquid

See note See note See note See note See note See note See note See note See note See note

Combustible metals

See note See note See note See note See note See note See note See note See note See note

Cryogenic fluid Flammable 2 N/A 45j,k N/A N/A 45j,k N/A N/A 45j,k

[55: Table 6.3.1.1]

Oxidizing 3 N/A 45c,d N/A N/A 45c,d N/A N/A 45c,d

Inert N/A N/A NL N/A N/A NL N/A N/A NL

Explosives See note See note See note See note See note See note See note See note See note See note

Flammable gasl Gaseous 2 N/A N/A 1000c,d N/A N/A 1000c,d N/A N/A

[55: Table 6.3.1.1]

Liquefied 2 N/A N/A (150)c,d N/A N/A (150)c,d N/A N/A

Page 18 of 208

Liquefied Petroleum (LP)

See note See note See note See note See note See note See note See note See note

Flammable liquid

IA See note See note See note See note See note See note See note See note See note

IB and IC See note See note See note See note See note See note See note See note See note

Combination (IA, IB, IC)

See note See note See note See note See note See note See note See note See note

Flammable solid N/A 3 125c,d N/A N/A 125c, d N/A N/A 25c,d N/A

Inert Gas Gaseous N/A N/A N/A NL N/A N/A NL N/A N/A

Liquefied N/A N/A N/A NL N/A N/A NL N/A N/A

Organic peroxide

UD 1 1c,i (1)c,i N/A 1/4i (1/4)i N/A 1/4i (1/4)i

I 1 5c,d (5)c,d N/A 1c,d (1)c,d N/A 1c,d (1)c,d

II 2 50c,d (50)c,d N/A 50d (50)d N/A 10c,d (10)c,d

III 3 125c,d (125)c,d N/A 125d (125)d N/A 25c,d (25)c,d

IV N/A NL NL N/A NL NL N/A NL NL

V N/A NL NL N/A NL NL N/A NL NL

Oxidizer 4 1 1c,i (1)c,i N/A 1/4i (1/4)i N/A 1/4i (1/4)i

3f 2 or 3 10c,d (10)c,d N/A 2d (2)d N/A 2d (2)d

2 3 250c,d (250)c,d N/A 250d (250)d N/A 50d (50)d

1 N/A 4000c,e (4000)c,e N/A 4000e (4000)e N/A 1000e (1000)e

Oxidizing gas [55: Table 6.3.1.1]

Gaseous 3 N/A N/A 1500c,d N/A N/A 1500c,d N/A N/A


Pyrophoric N/A 2 4c,i (4)c,i N/A 1i (1)i N/A NP NP

Pyrophoric Gas [55: Table 6.3.1.1]

Gaseous 2 N/A N/A 50c,i N/A N/A 50c,i N/A N/A

Liquefied 2 N/A N/A (4)c,i N/A N/A (4)c,i N/A N/A

Unstable Reactive

4 1 1c,i (1)c,i N/A 1/4i (1/4)i N/A 1/4i (1/4)i

3 1 or 2 5c,d (5)c,d N/A 1d (1)d N/A 1d (1)d

2 2 50c,d (50)c,d N/A 50d (50)d N/A 10d (10)d

1 N/A NL NL N/A NL NL N/A NL NL

Unstable (reactive) Gas [55: Table 6.3.1.1]

Gaseous

4 or 3 detonable

1

N/A

N/A

10c,i

N/A

N/A

10c,i

N/A

N/A

3 non-detonable 2 N/A N/A 50c,d N/A N/A 50c,d N/A N/A

2 3 N/A N/A 750c,d N/A N/A 750c,d N/A N/A

1 N/A N/A N/A NL N/A N/A NL N/A N/A

Page 19 of 208

Unstable (reactive) Gas [55: Table 6.3.1.1]

Liquefied

4 or 3 detonable

1

N/A

N/A

(1)c,i

N/A

N/A

(1)c,i

N/A

N/A

3 non-detonable 2 N/A N/A (2)c,d N/A N/A (2)c,d N/A N/A

2 3 N/A N/A (150)c,d N/A N/A (150)c,d N/A N/A

1 N/A N/A N/A NL N/A N/A NL N/A N/A

Water-reactive 3 2 5c,d (5)c,d N/A 5d (5)d N/A 1d (1)d

2 3 50c,d (50)c,d N/A 50d (50)d N/A 10d (10)d

1 N/A NL NL N/A NL NL N/A NL NL

Health Hazard Materials

Corrosive N/A 4 5000c,d 500c,d N/A 5000d 500d N/A 1000d 100d

Corrosive Gas [55: Table 6.3.1.1]

Gaseous 4 N/A N/A 810c,d,g N/A N/A 810c,d,g N/A N/A


Highly toxic N/A 4 10c,d (10)c,d N/A (10)d (10)d N/A 3d (3)d

Highly toxic gas [55: Table 6.3.1.1]

Gaseous 4 N/A N/A 20d,g N/A N/A 20d,g N/A N/A

Liquefied 4 N/A N/A (4)d,g N/A N/A (4)d,g N/A N/A

Toxic N/A 4 500c,d (500)c,d N/A 500d (500)d N/A 125d (125)d

Toxic gas Gaseous 4 N/A N/A 810c,d N/A N/A 810c,d N/A N/A


UD: Unclassified detonable For SI units, 1 lb = 0.454 kg; 1 gal = 3.785 L; 1 ft3 = 0.0283 Nm3. N/A: Not applicable. NL: Not limited. NP: Not permitted. Note: The hazardous material categories and MAQs that are shaded in this table are not regulated by Chapter 60 or NFPA 400 but are provided here for informational purposes. See Chapter 2 of NFPA 400 for the reference code or standard governing these materials and establishing the MAQs. In accordance with 1.1.1.2 of NFPA 400, materials having multiple hazards that fall within the scope of NFPA 400 shall comply with NFPA 400.

aTable values in parentheses correspond to the unit name in parentheses at the top of the column. The aggregate quantity in use and storage is not permitted to exceed the quantity listed for storage.

bMeasured at NTP or 70°F (21°C) and 14.7 psia (101.3 kPa).

cQuantities are permitted to be increased 100 percent where stored or used in approved cabinets, gas cabinets, exhausted enclosures, gas rooms explosives magazines, or safety cans, as appropriate for the material stored, in accordance with this code. Where footnote d also applies, the increase for both footnote c and footnote d is permitted to be applied accumulatively.

dMaximum quantities are permitted to be increased 100 percent in buildings equipped throughout with an automatic sprinkler system in accordance with NFPA 13, Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems. Where footnote c also applies, the increase for both footnote c and footnote d is permitted to be applied accumulatively.

Page 20 of 208

eThe permitted quantities are not limited in a building equipped throughout with an automatic sprinkler system in accordance with NFPA 13.

fA maximum quantity of 200 lb (91 kg) of solid or 20 gal (76 L) of liquid Class 3 oxidizer is permitted where such materials are necessary for maintenance purposes, operation, or sanitation of equipment. Storage containers and the manner of storage are required to be approved.

gAllowed only where stored or used in gas rooms or approved cabinets, exhausted gas cabinets or exhausted enclosures, as specified in this Code. [5000: Table 34.1.3.1]

hConversion. Where quantities are indicated in pounds and when the weight per gallon of the liquid is not provided to the AHJ, a conversion factor of 10 lb/gal (1.2 kg/L) shall be used.

iPermitted only in buildings equipped throughout with an automatic sprinkler system in accordance with NFPA 13.

jNone allowed in unsprinklered buildings unless stored or used in gas rooms or in approved gas cabinets or exhausted enclosures, as specified in this Code.

kWith pressure-relief devices for stationary or portable containers vented directly outdoors or to an exhaust hood. [55: Table 6.3.1.1]

lFlammable gases in the fuel tanks of mobile equipment or vehicles are permitted to exceed the MAQ where the equipment is stored and operated in accordance with this Code. [400: Table 5.2.1.1.3]

2. Delete Table 60.4.2.1.2 and replace with the following:

Table 60.4.2.1.2 Maximum Allowable Quantities (MAQ) of Hazardous Materials per Control Area in Assembly Occupancies

Material Class Solid Pounds Liquid Gallonsk (lb)

Gasa (at NTP) scf (lb)

Flammable and combustible liquidb,c See note See note See note See note

Cryogenic fluid Flammable N/A 10 N/A

Oxidizing N/A 10 N/A

Explosivesd,e,f,g See note See note See note See note

Flammable gasc,h Gaseous N/A N/A NP

Liquefied N/A N/A (20)

Liquefied Petroleum

N/A N/A (20)

Flammable solid N/A 5 N/A N/A

Oxidizers 4 NP NP N/A

3 10i 1 gali N/A

2 250 25 N/A

1 4,000 400 N/A

Oxidizing gash Gaseous N/A N/A NPh

Page 21 of 208

Liquefied N/A N/A NPh

Organic peroxides I NP NP N/A

II NP NP N/A

III 25 (25) N/A

IV NL NL N/A

V NL NL N/A

Pyrophoric materials N/A 1 (1) NP

Unstable reactives 4 ¼ (¼) NP

3 1 (1) NP

2 10 (10) NPh

1 NL NL NP

Water-reactive 3 1 (1) N/A

2 10 (10) N/A

1 NL NL N/A

Corrosives N/A 1,000 100 NP

Highly toxic N/A 3 (3) NPj

Toxic N/A 125 (125) NPj

For SI units, 1 lb = 0.454 kg; 1 gal = 3.785 L; 1 ft3 = 0.0283 m3.

NTP: Normal temperature and pressure [measured at 70°F (21°C) and 14.7 psi (101 kPa)]. N/A: Not applicable. NP: Not permitted. NL: Not limited.

Note: The hazardous material categories and MAQs that are shaded in this table are not regulated by Chapter 60 or NFPA 400 but are provided here for informational purposes. See Chapter 2 of NFPA 400 for the reference code or standard governing these materials and establishing the MAQs. In accordance with 1.1.1.2 of NFPA 400, materials having multiple hazards that fall within the scope of NFPA 400 shall comply with NFPA 400.

aUnlimited amounts of gas are permitted to be used for personal medical or emergency medical use.

bStorage in excess of 10 gal (38 L) of Class I and Class II liquids combined or 60 gal (227 L) of Class IIIA liquids is permitted where stored in safety cabinets with an aggregate quantity not to exceed 180 gal (681 L).

cFuel in the tank of operating mobile equipment is permitted to exceed the specified quantity where the equipment is operated in accordance with this code.

dThe use of explosive materials required by federal, state, or municipal agencies while engaged in normal or emergency performance of duties is not required to be limited. The storage of explosive materials is required to be in accordance with the requirements of NFPA 495, Explosive Materials Code.

eThe storage and use of explosive materials in medicines and medicinal agents in the forms prescribed by the official United States Pharmacopeia or the National Formulary are not required to be limited.

fThe storage and use of propellant-actuated devices or propellant-actuated industrial tools manufactured, imported, or distributed for their intended purposes are required to be limited to 50 lb (23 kg) net explosive weight.

Page 22 of 208

gThe storage and use of small arms ammunition, and components thereof, are permitted where in accordance with NFPA 495, Explosive Materials Code.

hContainers, cylinders, or tanks not exceeding 250 scf (7.1 m3) content measured at 70°F (21°C) and 14.7 psi (101 kPa) and used for maintenance purposes, patient care, or operation of equipment shall be permitted.

iA maximum quantity of 200 lb (91 kg) of solid or 20 gal (76 L) of liquid Class 3 oxidizer is permitted where such materials are necessary for maintenance purposes, operation, or sanitation of equipment. Storage containers and the manner of storage are required to be approved.

jGas cylinders not exceeding 20 scf (0.57 m3) measured at 70°F (21°C) and 14.7 psi (101 kPa) are permitted in gas cabinets or fume hoods. [5000: Table 34.1.3.2(a)]

kConversion. Where quantities are indicated in pounds and when the weight per gallon of the liquid is not provided to the AHJ, a conversion factor of 10 lb/gal (1.2 kg/L) shall be used. [400: Table 5.2.1.2]


Table 60.4.2.1.3 Maximum Allowable Quantities (MAQ) of Hazardous Materials per Control Area in Educational Occupancies

Material Class Solid Pounds

Liquid Gallonsm (lb)








Liquefied Petroleum

N/A N/A (20)



3 10i 1i N/A

2 250 25 N/A

1 4,000 400 N/A

Oxidizing gash Gaseous N/A N/A NP



II NP NP N/A

III 25 (25) N/A

IV NL NL N/A

Page 23 of 208

V NL NL N/A



3 1 (1) NP

2 10 (10) NPh

1 NL NL NP


2 10 (10) N/A

1 NL NL N/A
















Page 24 of 208

jThe permitted quantities are not limited in a building protected throughout by automatic sprinkler systems in accordance with NFPA 13, Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems.

kStorage in laboratories only; additional 20 lb (9 kg) units are permitted where minimum 20 ft (6.1 m) separation is provided.

lGas cylinders not exceeding 20 scf (0.57 m3) measured at 70°F (21°C) and 14.7 psi (101 kPa) are permitted in gas cabinets or fume hoods.

mConversion. Where quantities are indicated in pounds and when the weight per gallon of the liquid is not provided to the AHJ, a conversion factor of 10 lb/gal (1.2 kg/L) shall be used. [400: Table 5.2.1.3]


Table 60.4.2.1.4 Maximum Allowable Quantities (MAQ) of Hazardous Materials per Control Area in Day-Care Occupancies


Liquid Gallonsk (lb)






Flammable gasc,h Gaseous N/A N/A N/A


Liquefied Petroleum

N/A N/A (20)

Flammable solid N/A 5 lb N/A N/A


3 10i 1i N/A

2 250 25 N/A

1 4,000 400 N/A




II NP NP N/A

III 25 (25) N/A

IV NL NL N/A

V NL NL N/A


Unstable reactives 4 ¼ lb (¼) lb NP

Page 25 of 208

3 1 (1) NP

2 10 (10) NPh

1 NL NL NP


2 10 (10) N/A

1 NL NL N/A




For SI units, 1 lb = 0.454 kg; 1 gal = 3.785 L; 1 ft3 = 0.0283 m3









gContainers, cylinders, or tanks not exceeding 250 scf (7.1 m3) content measured at 70°F (21°C) and 14.7 psi (101 kPa) and used for maintenance purposes, patient care, or operation of equipment shall be permitted.

hThe permitted quantities are not limited in a building protected throughout by automatic sprinkler systems in accordance with NFPA 13, Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems.


jGas cylinders not exceeding 20 scf (0.57 m3) measured at 70°F (21°C) and 14.7 psi (101 kPa) are permitted in gas cabinets or fume hoods.

Page 26 of 208



Table 60.4.2.1.5 Maximum Allowable Quantities (MAQ) of Hazardous Materials per Control Area in Health Care Occupancies


Liquid Gallonsk (lb) Gasa (at NTP) scf (lb)




Explosivesd,e,f See note See note See note See note

Flammable gasc,g Gaseous N/A N/A NP


Liquefied Petroleum

N/A N/A (20)



3 10h 1h N/A

2 250 25 N/A

1 4,000i 400i N/A




II NP NP N/A

III 1,500 (1,500) N/A

IV 100,000 (100,000) N/A

V NL NL N/A

Pyrophoric materials N/A NP NP NP

Unstable reactives 4 NP NP NP

3 NP NP NP

2 10 (10) NPg

1 NL NL NP


2 10 (10) N/A

Page 27 of 208

1 NL NL N/A




For SI units, 1 lb = 0.454 kg; 1 gal = 3.785 L;1 ft3 = 0.0283 m3










hA maximum quantity of 200 lb (91 kg) of solid or 20 gal (76 L) of liquid Class 3 oxidizer is permitted where such materials are necessary for maintenance purposes, operation, or sanitation of equipment. Storage containers and the manner of storage are required to be approved.

iThe permitted quantities are not limited in a building protected throughout by automatic sprinkler systems in accordance with NFPA 13, Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems.




Page 28 of 208

Table 60.4.2.1.6 Maximum Allowable Quantities (MAQ) of Hazardous Materials per Control Area in Ambulatory Health Care Occupancies


Liquid Gallonsk (lb)


Flammable and combustible liquidb,c

See note See note See note See note



Explosivesd,e,f See note See note See note See note

Flammable gasc,g Gaseous N/A N/A NP


Liquefied Petroleum N/A N/A (20)


Oxidizers 4 NP NP NP

3 10h 1h NP

2 250 25 NP

1 4,000i 400i NP




II NP NP N/A

III 25 (25) N/A

IV NL NL N/A

V NL NL N/A

Pyrophoric materials N/A NP NP NP

Unstable reactives 4 NP NP NP

3 NP NP NP

2 10 (10) NPg

1 NL NL NP


2 10 (10) N/A

1 NL NL N/A




Page 29 of 208

For SI units, 1 lb = 0.454 kg; 1 gal = 3.785 L;1 ft3 = 0.0283 m3

NTP: Normal temperature and pressure [70°F (21°C) and 14.7 psi (101 kPa)]. N/A: Not applicable. NP: Not permitted. NL: Not limited.










iThe permitted quantities are not limited in a building protected throughout by automatic sprinkler systems in accordance with NFPA 13, Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems.




Table 60.4.2.1.7 Maximum Allowable Quantities (MAQ) of Hazardous Materials per Control Area in Detention and Correctional Occupanciesa

Material Class Solid Pounds Liquid Gallonsk

(lb) Gasa (at NTP) scf

(lb)


Page 30 of 208






Liquefied Petroleum

N/A N/A (20)



3 10i 1i N/A

2 250 25 N/A

1 4,000 400 N/A

Oxidizing gash Gaseous N/A N/A NP

Liquefied N/A N/A N/A


II NP NP N/A

III 25 (25) N/A

IV NL NL N/A

V NL NL N/A

Pyrophoric materials NA 1 (1) NP

Unstable reactives 4 1/4 (1/4) NP

3 1 (1) NP

2 10 (10) NPh

1 NL NL NP


2 10 (10) N/A

1 NL NL N/A







Page 31 of 208













Table 60.4.2.1.8 Maximum Allowable Quantities of Hazardous Materials per Control Area in Residential Occupancies Consisting of Lodging and Rooming Houses, Hotels, Dormitories, Apartments, and Residential

Board and Care Facilities

Material Class Solid PoundsLiquid Gallons1

(lb) Gasa (at NTP) scf (lb)







Page 32 of 208

Liquefiedj N/A N/A (20)




3 10i 1i N/A

2 250 25 N/A

1 4,000 400 N/A


Liquefied N/A NL N/A


II NP NP N/A

III 25 (25) N/A

IV NL NL N/A

V NL NL N/A



3 1 (1) NP

2 10 (10) NPh

1 NL NL NP


2 10 (10) N/A

1 NL NL N/A


Highly toxic N/A 3 (3) NPk

Toxic N/A 125 (125) NPk





bStorage in excess of 10 gal (38 L) of Class I and Class II liquids combined or 60 gal (227 L) of Class IIIA liquids are permitted where stored in safety cabinets with an aggregate quantity not to exceed 180 gal (681 L).

Page 33 of 208








jStorage containers are not permitted to exceed 0.325 ft3 (0.0092 m3) capacity.

kGas cylinders not exceeding 20 scf (0.57 m3) measured at 70°F (21°C) and 14.7 psi (101 kPa) are permitted in gas cabinets or fume hoods.

lConversion. Where quantities are indicated in pounds and when the weight per gallon of the liquid is not provided to the AHJ, a conversion factor of 10 lb/gal (1.2 kg/L) shall be used. [400: Table 5.2.1.8]

9. Delete Table 60.4.2.1.10.1 and replace with the following:

Table 60.4.2.1.10.1 Maximum Allowable Quantities (MAQ) of Hazardous Materials per Control Area in Business Occupancies

Material Class Solid Pounds Liquid Gallons j (lb) Gasa,i (at NTP)

scf (lb)






Flammable gasc Gaseous N/A N/A 1000




Page 34 of 208

Oxidizers 4 NP NP NP

3 10h 1h NP

2 250 25 NP

1 4,000 400 NP

Oxidizing gas Gaseous N/A N/A 1500

Liquefied NA 15 N/A


II NP NP N/A

III 1500 (1500) N/A

IV 100,000 (100,000) N/A

V NL NL N/A

Pyrophoric materials N/A 1 (1) 10

Unstable reactives 4 ¼ (¼) 2

3 1 (1) 10

2 10 (10) 750

1 NL NL NL


2 10 (10) N/A

1 NL NL N/A

Corrosives N/A 1000 100 810

Highly toxici N/A 3 (3) 20

Toxici N/A 125 (125) 810








Page 35 of 208





iGas cylinders not exceeding 20 scf (0.57 m3) measured at 70°F (21°C) and 14.7 psi (101 kPa) are permitted in gas cabinets or fume hoods.

jConversion. Where quantities are indicated in pounds and when the weight per gallon of the liquid is not provided to the AHJ, a conversion factor of 10 lb/gal (1.2 kg/L) shall be used. [400: Table 5.2.1.10.1] Issue Date: April 7, 2015 Effective Date: April 27, 2015



Page 36 of 208

Errata

NFPA 1

Fire Code 2015 Edition

Reference: Table 60.4.2.1.5 Maximum Allowable Quantities (MAQ) of Hazardous Materials per Control Area in Health Care Occupancies Errata No.: 1-15-2 The Committee on Fire Code notes the following error in the 2015 edition of NFPA 1, Fire Code. 1. Modify quantities of Organic Peroxides Class III and IV in existing Table 60.4.2.1.5 with those shown below.


II NP NP N/A

III 1,500 25 (1,500) (25) N/A

IV 100,000 NL (100,000) NL N/A

V NL NL N/A

Issue Date: May 11, 2015

(Note: Electronic products and pamphlet reprints may have this errata incorporated. For current information about the NFPA Codes and Standards, including this errata, please see www.nfpa.org/codelist)

Copyright © 2015 All Rights Reserved


Page 37 of 208

Public Input No. 117-NFPA 1-2015 [ Global Input ]

Note: Text of the TIA issued and incorporated into the text of the document, therefore no separatepublication is necessary.

1. Revise Table 1.12.8(a) as follows:

a. Delete the row starting with “Consumer fireworks (1.4G)” in its entirety.

b. Delete the reference to 65.10.3.2 in the row starting with “Pyrotechnic articles.”

2. Revise Table 1.12.8(d) as follows:

a. Delete the row starting with “Consumer fireworks (1.4G)” in its entirety.

b. Delete the “asterisk” footnote, which reads, “Unless the actual weight of the pyrotechniccomposition of the consumer fireworks, 1.4G, is known, 25 percent of the gross weight of thefireworks, including packaging, is permitted to be used to determine the weight of the fireworks forthe purpose of this table.”

3. Revise Section 2.2 by deleting the reference to NFPA 1124, Code for the Manufacture,Transportation, Storage, and

Retail Sales of Fireworks and Pyrotechnic Articles, 2013 edition.

4. Revise Section 2.4 by deleting the reference to NFPA 1124, Code for the Manufacture,Transportation, Storage, and

Retail Sales of Fireworks and Pyrotechnic Articles, 2013 edition.

5. Delete 3.3.14.2 Consumer Fireworks Retail Sales (CFRS) Area.

6. Delete 3.3.22 Barricade (Explosives or Fireworks).

7. Delete 3.3.22.1 Artificial Barricade (Explosives or Fireworks).

8. Delete 3.3.22.2 Natural Barricade (Explosives or Fireworks).

9. Delete 3.3.70 Consumer Fireworks.

10. Delete 3.3.71 Consumer Fireworks Retail Sales Area.

11. Delete 3.3.72 Consumer Fireworks Retail Sales Facility (CFRS Facility.)

12. Delete 3.3.73 Consumer Fireworks Retail Sales (CFRS) Stand, and A.3.3.73.

13. Delete 3.3.81 Covered Fuse, and A.3.3.81.

14. Delete 3.3.132 Fireworks, and A.3.3.132.

15. Delete 3.3.132.1 Consumer Fireworks, and A.3.3.132.1.

16. Delete 3.3.132.2 Display Fireworks, and A.3.3.132.2.

17. Delete 3.3.133 Flame Break.

18. Revise 3.3.150.1.3 High Hazard Level 3 Contents by deleting Item (3) Consumer Fireworks, 1.4G,and renumbering Items

( 4 ) through (10) accordingly.

19. Delete 3.3.202 Packaged Fireworks Merchandise, and A.3.3.202.

20. Delete 3.3.257 Store, and A.3.3.257.

21. Revise 13.6.2.6.1 by deleting Item (61) and renumbering Items (62) through (71) accordingly –NFPA 10 extract.

22. Revise 20.15.4 by deleting Item (7), NFPA 1124, Code for the Manufacture, Transportation,Storage, and Retail Sales of

Fireworks and Pyrotechnic Articles – NFPA 101 extract.

23. Revise 60.1.2 by deleting Item (14), Consumer fireworks, 1.4G in mercantile occupanciescomplying with Section 65.10 –

National Fire Protection Association Report http://submittals.nfpa.org/TerraViewWeb/ContentFetcher?commentPara...

1 of 88 5/26/2015 8:48 AMPage 38 of 208

NFPA 5000 extract .

24. Revise Table 60.4.2.1.1.3 Maximum Allowable Quantity (MAQ) of Hazardous Materials per ControlArea, by deleting the row starting with “Consumer fireworks” in its entirety – NFPA 400 extract.

25. Revise Table 60.4.2.1.2 Maximum Allowable Quantities (MAQ) of Hazardous Materials per ControlArea in Assembly

Occupancies by deleting the row starting with “Consumer fireworks” in its entirety – NFPA 400extract.

26. Revise Table 60.4.2.1.3 Maximum Allowable Quantities (MAQ) of Hazardous Materials per ControlArea in Educational


27. Revise Table 60.4.2.1.4 Maximum Allowable Quantities (MAQ) of Hazardous Materials per ControlArea in Day-Care


28. Revise Table 60.4.2.1.5 Maximum Allowable Quantities (MAQ) of Hazardous Materials per ControlArea in Health Care


29. Revise Table 60.4.2.1.6 Maximum Allowable Quantities (MAQ) of Hazardous Materials per ControlArea in Ambulatory

Health Care Occupancies by deleting the row starting with “Consumer fireworks” in its entirety –NFPA 400 extract.

30. Revise Table 60.4.2.1.7 Maximum Allowable Quantities (MAQ) of Hazardous Materials perControl Area in Detention and Correctional Occupancies by deleting the row starting with “Consumerfireworks” in its entirety – NFPA 400 extract.

31. Revise Table 60.4.2.1.8 Maximum Allowable Quantities (MAQ) of Hazardous Materials perControl Area in Residential Occupancies Consisting of Lodging and Rooming Houses, Hotels,Dormitories, Apartments, and Residential Board and Care Facilities by deleting the row starting with“Consumer fireworks” in its entirety – NFPA 400 extract.

3 2 . Revise Table 60.4.2.1.10.1 Maximum Allowable Quantities (MAQ) of Hazardous Materials perControl Area in Business


3 3 . Delete 65.2.2.

34. Delete 65.5.1.

35. Delete Section 65.10 Sale, Handling, and Storage of Consumer Fireworks, and all associated AnnexA paragraphs (A.65.10.X), in their entirety.

36. Revise Annex F Informational References, F.1.1, by deleting the reference to NFPA 1124, Code forthe Manufacture, Transportation, Storage, and Retail Sales of Fireworks and Pyrotechnic Articles, 2013edition.

37. Revise Annex F Informational References, Section F.2, by deleting the reference to NFPA 1124,Code for the

Manufacture, Transportation, Storage, and Retail Sales of Fireworks and Pyrotechnic Articles, 2013edition.

Additional Proposed Changes

File Name Description Approved

NFPA_1_TIA_1-15-1.pdf NFPA TIA 15-1 Log No. 1145

Statement of Problem and Substantiation for Public Input


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NOTE: This public input originates from Tentative Interim Amendment No.15-1 (Log 1145) issued by the Standards Council on August 14, 2014 and per the NFPA Regs., needs to be reconsidered by the Technical Committee for the next edition of the Document.

Submitter’s Substantiation: The proposed revisions delete all references to and extracts from NFPA 1124, Code for the Manufacture, Transportation, Storage, and Retail Sales of Fireworks and Pyrotechnic Articles, and all consumer fireworks provisions, in NFPA 1, Fire Code, to align with the NFPA policy on extracts and Standards Council Decision D#14-1, which resulted in the temporary withdrawal of NFPA 1124. The effect of this decision is that no recognized criteria for the subjects previously governed by NFPA 1124 exists within the NFPA codes and standards system.

Emergency Nature: NFPA 1124 has been temporarily withdrawn as a result of Standards Council Decision D#14-1, which was issued March 3, 2014, subsequent to completion of the NFPA 1-2015 Second Draft, but prior to the issuance of NFPA 1-2015. Accordingly, this TIA is intended to be issued concurrently with NFPA 1-2015.

Submitter Information Verification

Submitter Full Name: TC ON FCC-AAA

Organization: NFPA 1 TC on Fire Code

Street Address:

City:

State:

Zip:

Submittal Date: Fri Mar 20 13:46:22 EDT 2015


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Throughout standard remove references to the following and replace with the following:

(1) Remove reference to ANSI/AIHA and replace with ANSI/ASSE.

(2) Remove reference to ANSI/UL and replace with UL.

(3) Remove reference to API Specification and replace with API SPEC.

(4) Remove reference to API Standard and replace with API STD.

(5) Remove reference to ANSI/ASME B31.3 and replace with ASME B31.3.

(6) Remove reference to ANSI/ASHRAE 34, Designation and Classification of Refrigrants and replacewith ASHRAE STD 15 & 34, Safety Standard for Refrigeration Systems, 2015 which is an combinedstandard.

(7) Remove reference to ANSI/NB23 and replace with NBBI NB-23.

(8) Remove reference to ANSI Z129.1 and replace with ANSI Z400.1/Z129.1.


Recommended changes to correspond with PI-10 and PI-12.

Related Public Inputs for This Document

Related Input Relationship

Public Input No. 10-NFPA 1-2015 [SectionNo. 2.3]

Referenced current SDO names, addresses, standardnames, and years.

Public Input No. 12-NFPA 1-2015 [SectionNo. F.1.2]

Referenced current SDO names, addresses, standardnames, and years.


Submitter Full Name: Aaron Adamczyk

Organization: [ Not Specified ]

Street Address:

City:

State:

Zip:

Submittal Date: Fri Feb 06 00:03:29 EST 2015


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Note: This public Input originates from the attached Tentative Interim Amendment No. 1-15-2 (Log 1173)issued by the Standards Council on April 7, 2015 and per the NFPA Regs., needs to be reconsidered by theTechnical Committee for the next edition of the Document.



TIA_1_15_2.pdf NFPA 1 TIA 15-2 Log No. 1173


Substantiation: Errors were introduced into the noted tables, which are extracted from the 2013 edition of NFPA 400, during development of the 2015 edition of NFPA 1. On further review, additional errors were noted in the NFPA 400 tables. This proposed TIA mirrors a TIA that is being concurrently processed on NFPA 400-2013. The issuance of this TIA is intended to be contingent on the issuance of the parallel NFPA 400 TIA.

Emergency Nature: The noted tables, as published in NFPA 1-2015, contain errors. The proposed TIA corrects the errors and incorporates corrections to NFPA 400-2013 via a separate TIA on that code



Organization: NFPA TC ON FIRE CODE

Street Address:

City:

State:

Zip:

Submittal Date: Wed May 06 09:01:25 EDT 2015


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Public Input No. 40-NFPA 1-2015 [ Section No. 1.1.1 ]

1.1.1

The scope includes, but is not limited to, the following:

(1) Inspection of permanent and temporary buildings, processes, equipment, systems, and other fire andrelated life safety situations

(2) Investigation of fires, explosions, hazardous materials incidents, and other related emergencyincidents

(3) Review of construction plans, drawings, and specifications for life safety systems, fire protectionsystems, access, water supplies, processes, hazardous materials, and other fire and life safetyissues

(4) Fire and life safety education of fire brigades, employees, responsible parties, and the general public

(5) Existing occupancies and conditions, the design and construction of new buildings, remodeling ofexisting buildings, and additions to existing buildings

(6) Design, installation, alteration, modification, construction, maintenance, repairs, servicing, and testingof fire protection systems and equipment

(7) Installation, use, storage, and handling of medical gas systems

(8) Access requirements for fire department operations

(9) Hazards from outside fires in vegetation, trash, building debris, and other materials

(10) Regulation and control of special events including, but not limited to, assemblage of people, exhibits,trade shows, amusement parks, haunted houses, outdoor events, and other similar special temporaryand permanent occupancies

(11) Interior finish, decorations, furnishings, and other combustibles that contribute to fire spread, fire load,and smoke production

(12) Storage, use, processing, handling, and on-site transportation of flammable and combustible gases,liquids, and solids

(13) Storage, use, processing, handling, and on-site transportation of hazardous materials

(14) Control of emergency operations and scenes

(15) Conditions affecting fire fighter safety

(16) Arrangement, design, construction, and alteration of new and existing means of egress


writing my testplante


Submitter Full Name: Anne Farrell

Organization: [ Not Specified ]Anne Associates

Affilliation: Peer Servants

Street Address:

City:

State:

Zip:

Submittal Date: Sun Mar 01 17:46:40 EST 2015


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Public Input No. 142-NFPA 1-2015 [ New Section after 1.4.1 ]

COMPLIANCE WITH SUBSEQUENT EDITIONS OF REFERENCED PUBLICATIONS

1.4.1.1 Compliance with Subsequent Editions of Referenced Publications. The AHJ isauthorized to accept subsequent editions of publications referenced in this code as evidence ofcompliance with the specified edition. When the AHJ accepts compliance with a subsequentedition of a referenced publication, compliance with subsequent edition shall be consideredevidence of compliance with this code's specified edition.

A.1.4.1.1 Newer editions of referenced publications incorporate advances in knowledge, bestpractices and technology. Therefore, if an owner or contractor provides compliance with a neweredition of a referenced publication, than that which is specified by this code, the AHJ shouldaccept compliance with the newer edition as evidence of full code compliance with the code.


There are many states and jurisdictions that are facing legislatively mandated delays in code adoptions. This creates situations where the referenced standard may be four, five or even six editions behind the newest standards and knowledge that is reflected in those newer standards. If this language is adopted in a jurisdiction, then if subsequent editions of codes and standards are delayed, a contractor or design professional can still design and install to a newer edition with full confidence that they are code compliant. In many cases, technology is moving so fast that only the most recent editions of standards adequately address a design. One obvious example is communication technologies as addressed by NFPA 72. While an AHJ always has the ability to accept equivalencies, many AHJ's are reluctant to accept newer editions of standards.



Public Input No. 141-NFPA 1-2015 [New Sectionafter 2.1]

Similar issue but different approaches to dealing withthe issue.


Submitter Full Name: Anthony Apfelbeck

Organization: Altamonte Springs Building/Fire Safety Division

Street Address:

City:

State:

Zip:

Submittal Date: Fri Apr 10 15:26:08 EDT 2015


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1.4.5

Each application for an equivalent, alternative fire or modified fire protection feature shall be filed with theAHJ and shall be accompanied by such evidence, letters, statements, results of tests, or other supportinginformation as required to justify the request. The AHJ shall keep a record of actions on such applications,and a signed copy of the AHJ's decision shall be provided for the applicant.


Currently, section 1.4.5 only addresses "alternative" fire protection features. "Alternatives" are only one of three options the code provides. "Equivalencies" and "Modifications" are additional options that the AHJ may approve. The addition of these two terms to section 1.4.5 ensures that an applicant attempting to utilize these approaches has to meet the same application criteria as for an "alternative." Otherwise, the code appears to provide no application requirements for "equivalencies" or "modifications."




Street Address:

City:

State:

Zip:

Submittal Date: Tue Mar 24 09:12:12 EDT 2015


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1.4.5

Each application for an alternative fire protection feature shall be filed with the AHJ and shall beaccompanied by such evidence, letters, statements, results of tests, or other supporting information asrequired to justify the request. The AHJ shall keep a record of actions on such applications, and a signedcopy of the AHJ's decision shall be provided for the applicant.


"Fire protection features" are not the only feature that can result in an alternative request. Means of egress systems, construction type, use and the other items in section 1.1 Scope can all result in alternative requests.




Street Address:

City:

State:

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1.4.6 Approval.

The AHJ shall approve such equivalent, alternative or modified construction systems, materials, ormethods of design when it is substantiated that the standards of this Code are at least equaled. If, in theopinion of the AHJ, the standards of this Code shall not be equaled by the alternative requested, approvalfor permanent work shall be refused. Consideration shall be given to test or prototype installations.


Currently, section 1.4.6 only addresses "alternative: features. "Alternatives" are only one of three options the code provides. "Equivalencies" and "Modifications" are additional options that the AHJ may approve. The addition of these two terms to section 1.4.6 ensures that an applicant attempting to utilize these approaches has to meet the same criteria as for an "alternative." Otherwise, the code appears to provide no application requirements for "equivalencies" or "modifications."



Organization: Altamonte Springs Building/Fire Safey Division

Street Address:

City:

State:

Zip:



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1.7.2.1 Fire Inspectors and Plans Examiners shall meet the minimum professional qualifications establishedin NFPA 1031, Professional Qualifitcations for Fire Inspector and Plans Examiner .

1.7.2.2 Fire Marshals shall meet the minimum professional qualifications established in NFPA 1037,Professional Qualifications for Fire Marshals .


The Fire Code does an excellent job of telling design professionals, contractors and owners what their obligations are in order to provide an environment that provides reasonable life safety and property preservation. However, those provisions are only one side of the safety and economic considerations. The individuals enforcing the code must also be technically competent in order to ensure the code is correctly enforced. NFPA has established minimum professional competencies for Fire Inspectors, Plans Examiners and Fire Marshals. Those minimum professional competencies should be included as part of a model code. If an AHJ chooses to modify those minimum, they can at time of adoption. However, the model provisions in the fire code should expect that Fire Inspectors, Plans Examiners and Fire Marshals are technically competent to perform their job functions.




Street Address:

City:

State:

Zip:



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Public Input No. 135-NFPA 1-2015 [ New Section after 1.7.7.1 ]

1.7.7.2 New construction and exisitng occupany inspection services shall comply with NFPA 1730: Standardon Organization and Deployment of Fire Prevention Inspection and Code Enforcement, Plan Review,Investigation, and Public Education Operations to the Public.


The newly promulgated NFPA 1730 document provides a national standard as to how risk assessment and fire protection resources should be allocated in order to accomplish the purpose of the fire code. As a model code, NFPA 1 should specific compliance with the NFPA national standard in this area. If a local jurisdiction chooses to delete it, they have that option during the adoption process.




Street Address:

City:

State:

Zip:



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Public Input No. 21-NFPA 1-2015 [ Section No. 1.10.5.6 ]

1.10.5.6

A quorum shall consist of not less than 5 a majority of members or alternates.



1_PC10.pdf NFPA 1 Public Comment No. 10.


NOTE: The following Public Input appeared as “Reject but Hold” in Public Comment No. 10 of the A2014 Second Draft Report for NFPA 1 and per the Regs. at 4.4.8.3.1.

Section 1.10.1.1.3 states that the board shall have not less than 5 or 7 members. Section 1.10.5.7 states that a quorum shall consist of not less than 5 members. The quorum requirement for 5 members is onerous for a board of 5 members. This section has been revised to requrie a majority of members which is more reasonable.




Street Address:

City:

State:

Zip:

Submittal Date: Thu Feb 12 12:20:35 EST 2015


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1.10.5.6

A quorum shall consist of not less than 5 than a simple majority of appointed members or alternates.


The current language states that a quorum shall consist of not less than 5 members. Section 1.10.1.1.2 states that the board shall consist of 5 or 7 members. Based on the current language, either 100% of the members would have to be in attendance or 71%. 100% is unrealistic and the typical standard for establishing a quorum is at least 50%. This code change established 50% as the quorum.




Street Address:

City:

State:

Zip:

Submittal Date: Mon Feb 02 09:37:47 EST 2015


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1.12.3 Permit Fees The AHJ is authorized to establish a schedule of fees that reflect the cost toprovide permitting, inspection and plan review services.


Section 1.12.2.1 states that the permit application shall be accompanied by permit fees as required by the jurisdiction. However, there is no language in NFPA 1 that authorizes the establishment of such fees. As a model code, the administrative provisions of NFPA 1 should provide a basic authorization for the AHJ to adopt such a fee schedule. The proposal is written in such a manner to ensure the fees reflect the cost of services required under the code and are not meant to be a funding source beyond the permitting, plan review and inspection services.




Street Address:

City:

State:

Zip:

Submittal Date: Thu Apr 09 08:34:28 EDT 2015


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Add new section to Table 1.12.8(a) as follows

Mobile Cooking Operations...A permit shall be required for all mobile cooking operations.


IFMA Mobile Cooking Task Group submitted public input 168 related to issues regarding mobile cooking operations. It was later noticed by one of the task members that a permit is not required in section 1.12.8(a) if NFPA 1 for these types of operations. This proposal seeks to change this.


Submitter Full Name: BILL GALLOWAY

Organization: WEST FLORENCE FIRE RESCUE

Affilliation: IFMA Mobile Cooking Taks Group

Street Address:

City:

State:

Zip:

Submittal Date: Sun May 24 18:25:41 EDT 2015


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1.14.6 When required by the AHJ, the plans and design documents shall be preparted by aregistered design professional.


Certain scopes of design work warrant and/or require individuals that prepare such plans to demonstrate that they have specific qualifications to practice. This ensures the quality and safety of the design.




Street Address:

City:

State:

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1.16.4.2

Where the AHJ establishes has not established a separate penalty schedule, violations of this Code shallbe subject to a $250.00 penalty per day for each violation .


It appears the language in this section is intended to provide for a $250 fine when a jurisdiction has not otherwise adopted a separate fee schedule. That is not how the existing language is written. The intent would be for a jurisdiction to adopt the model code and have a violation provision that could then be applied without having to adopt a separate fee schedule. The current language appears to create an inherent conflict between the 250 and an adopted fee schedule. The remaining language address how violations are usually cited in a per day/per violation format.




Street Address:

City:

State:

Zip:



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Public Input No. 141-NFPA 1-2015 [ New Section after 2.1 ]

COMPLIANCE WITH SUBSEQUENT EDITIONS OF THIS STANDARD

2.1.1 Compliance with Subsequent Editions of the Referenced Publications. Compliance withsubsequent editions of the referenced publications shall be considered evidence of compliance withthe editions specified in this code.

A.2.1.1 . Newer editions referenced publications or standards incorporate advances in knowledge, bestpractices and technology. Therefore, if an owner or contractor provides evidence of compliance with anewer edition of a referenced publication or standard than has been adopted by this code, the AHJ shouldaccept compliance with the newer edition as evidence of full code compliance with this code and thereferenced publication.


There are many states and jurisdictions that are facing legislatively mandated delays in code adoptions. This creates situations where the referenced standard may be four, five or even six editions behind the newest standards and knowledge that is reflected in those newer standards. If this language is adopted in a jurisdiction, then if subsequent editions of codes and standards are delayed, a contractor or design professional can still design and install to a newer edition with full confidence that they are code compliant. In many cases, technology is moving so fast that only the most recent editions of standards adequately address a design. One obvious example is communication technologies as addressed by NFPA 72. While an AHJ always has the ability to accept equivalencies, many AHJ's are reluctant to accept newer editions of standards.



Public Input No. 142-NFPA 1-2015 [New Section after 1.4.1]




Street Address:

City:

State:

Zip:



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Public Input No. 10-NFPA 1-2015 [ Section No. 2.3 ]

2.3 Other Publications.

2.3.1 ANSI Publications.

American National Standards Institute, Inc., 25 West 43rd Street, 4th floor, New York, NY 10036.

ICC/ANSI A117.1 American National Standard for Accessible and Usable Buildings and Facilities, 2009.

ANSI/AIHA ASSE Z9.7 Recirculation of Air from Industrial Process Exhaust Systems, 2007.

ANSI B15.1 Mechanical Power Transmission Apparatus, 2000.

2.3.2 APA Publication.

American Pyrotechnics Association, P.O. Box 30438, Bethesda, MD 20824.

APA 87-1, Standard for the Construction and Approval for Transporation of Fireworks, Novelties, andTheatrical Pyrotechnics, 2004 edition.

2.3.3 API Publications.

American Petroleum Institute, 1220 L Street, NW, Washington, DC 20005-4070.

API-ASME Code for Unfired Pressure Vessels for Petroleum Liquids and Gases, Pre-July 1, 1961.

API Specification API SPEC 12B, Bolted Tanks for Storage of Production Liquids, 15th 1 6 th edition,2008 2014 .

API Specification API SPEC 12D, Field Welded Tanks for Storage of Production Liquids, 11th edition,2008.

API Specification API SPEC 12F, Shop Welded Tanks for Storage of Production Liquids 12th edition,2008.

API STD 620, Recommended Rules for the Design and Construction of Large, Welded, Low-PressureStorage Tanks, 11th 1 2 th edition, Addendum 2 1 , 2010 2014 .

API Standard API STD 650, Welded Steel Tanks for Oil Storage, 11th 1 2 th edition, Addendum2 Errata , 2009 2014 .

API Standard API STD 653, Tank Inspection, Repair, Alteration, and Reconstruction, 4th 5 th edition,2012 201 3 .

API Standard API STD 2000, Venting Atmospheric and Low-Pressure Storage Tanks 5th , 7 th edition,1998 2014 .

API 2350 STD 2350 , Overfill Protection for Storage Tanks in Petroleum Facilities, 4th edition, 2012.

API BULL 1529, Aviation Fueling Hose, 1998. API 607 (Superseded By EI 1529)

API STD 607 , Fire Test for Soft-Seated For Quarter-Turn Valves and Valves , 1993 Equipped WithNonmetallic Seats , 6th edition, 2010 .

2.3.4 ASHRAE Publications.

American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air Conditioning Engineers, Inc., 1791 Tullie Circle, NE,Atlanta, GA 30329-2305.

ANSI/ ASHRAE 15 & 34 , Safety Standard for Refrigeration Systems, 2010. 2013, Errata, 2015 . (This isa combined standard)


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2.3.5 ASME Publications.

American Society of Mechanical Engineers ASTM International , Two Park Avenue, New York, NY10016-5990.

ASME A13.1, Scheme for the Identification of Piping Systems, 2007, Reaffirmed 2013 .

ASME A17.1/CSA B44, Safety Code for Elevators and Escalators, 2007 2013 .

ASME A17.3, Safety Code for Existing Elevators and Escalators, 2008 2011 .

ASME B31G , Code for Manual For Determining The Remaining Strength Of Corroded Pipelines: ASupplment To B31, Code For Pressure Piping , 2012.

ANSI/ ASME B31.3, Process Piping, 2008 2014 .

ASME B56.1, Safety Standard for Low-Lift and High-Lift Trucks, 2008. (Now copyrighted by ITSDF)

ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, Section VIII, Division I , “Rules for the Construction of UnfiredPressure Vessels" , ” 2010 2015 .

ASME Code for Unfired Pressure Vessels,2010 2015 .


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2.3.6 ASTM Publications.


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ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, P.O. Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959.

ASTM A 395 A395 , Standard Specification for Ferritic Ductile Iron Pressure-Retaining Castings for Use atElevated Temperatures, 1999 (reaffirmed 2009) , Reapproved 2014 .

ASTM D 5 D5 /D 5M D5M , Standard Test Method for Penetration of Bituminous Materials, 2013.

ASTM D 56 D56 , Standard Test Method for Flash Point by Tag Closed Cup Tester, 2005(reaffirmed ,Reapproved 2010 ) .

ASTM D 92 D92 , Standard Test Method for Flash and Fire Points by Cleveland Open Cup Tester, 2012b.

ASTM D 93 D93 , Standard Test Methods for Flash Point by Pensky-Martens Closed Cup Tester, 20122014 e1 .

ASTM D 323 D323 , Standard Method of Test for Vapor Pressure of Petroleum Products (Reid Method),2008, Reapproved 2014 .

ASTM D 396 D396 , Standard Specification for Fuel Oils, 2010 2014a .

ASTM D 635 D635 , Standard Test Method for Rate of Burning and/or Extent and Time of Burning ofPlastics in a Horizontal Position, 2010 2014 .

ASTM D 1929 D1929 , Standard Test Method for Determining Ignition Temperature of Plastics, 20122014 .

ASTM D 2843 D2843 , Standard Test Method for Density of Smoke from the Burning or Decomposition ofPlastics, 2010.

ASTM D 2859 D2859 , Standard Test Method for Ignition Characteristics of Finished Textile Floor CoveringMaterials, 2006 ( , Reapproved 2011 ) .

ASTM D 2898 D2898 , Standard Test Methods for Accelerated Weathering of Fire-Retardant-Treated Woodfor Fire Testing, 2010.

ASTM D 3278 D3278 , Standard Test Methods for Flash Point of Liquids by Small Scale Closed-CupApparatus, 1996 (reaffirmed , reapproved 2011) .

ASTM D 3699 D3699 , Standard Specification for Kerosene, 2008 2013b .

ASTM D 3828 D3828 , Standard Test Methods for Flash Point by Small Scale Closed Cup Tester, 2012a.

ASTM D 4359 D4359 , Standard Test for Determining Whether a Material is a Liquid or a Solid, 1990(reaffirmed 2012) , Reapproved 2012 .

ASTM D 5391 D5391 , Standard Test for Electrical Conductivity and Resistivity of a Flowing High PurityWater Sample, 1999 (2009) 2014 .

ASTM D 6448 D6448 , Industrial Burner Fuels from Used Lube Oils, 2009 2014 e1 .

ASTM D 6751 D6751 , Standard Specification for Biodiesel Fuel Blend Stock (B100) for Middle DistillateFuel, 2010 2014 .

ASTM D 6823 D6823 , Commercial Burner Fuels from Used Lube Oils, 2008, Reapproved 2013 .

ASTM E 84 E84 , Standard Test Method for Surface Burning Characteristics of Building Materials, 20132015 .

ASTM E 108 E108 , Standard Test Methods for Fire Tests of Roof Coverings, 2011.

ASTM E 119 E119 , Standard Test Methods for Fire Tests of Building Construction and Materials,2012a 201 4 .

ASTM E 136 E136 , Standard Test Method for Behavior of Materials in a Vertical Tube Furnace at 750Degrees C, 2012.

ASTM E 648 E648 , Standard Test Method for Critical Radiant Flux of Floor-Covering Systems Using aRadiant Heat Energy Source, 2010 e1 20 14c .

ASTM E 681 E681 , Standard Test Method for Concentration Limits of Flammability of Chemicals (Vaporsand Gases), 2009.

ASTM E 814 E814 , Standard Test Method for Fire Tests of Through-Penetration Fire Stops, 2011a 201 3 a .

ASTM E 1354 E1354 , Standard Test Method for Heat and Visible Smoke Release Rates for Materials andProducts Using an Oxygen Consumption Calorimeter, 2013 2014 e1 .


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ASTM E 1537 E1537 , Standard Test Method for Fire Testing of Upholstered Furniture, 2012 201 3 .

ASTM E 1590 E1590 , Standard Test Method for Fire Testing of Mattresses, 2012 201 3 .

ASTM E 1591 E1591 , Standard Guide for Obtaining Data for Deterministic Fire Models, 2007 2013 .

ASTM E 1966 E1966 , Standard Test Method for Fire-Resistive Joint Systems, 2007 (2011).

ASTM E 2074 E2074 , Standard Test Method for Fire Tests of Door Assemblies, Including Positive PressureTesting of Side-Hinged and Pivoted Swinging Door Assemblies, 2000e1 (withdrawn 2007).

ASTM E 2174 E2174 , Standard Practice for On-Site Inspection of Installed Fire Stops, 2010a e1 2014b .

ASTM E 2307 E2307 , Standard Test Method for Determining Fire Resistance of Perimeter Fire BarrierSystems Using Intermediate-Scale, Multi-story Test Apparatus, 2010 2015 .

ASTM E 2393 E2393 , Standard Practice for On-Site Inspection of Installed Fire Resistive Joint Systemsand Perimeter Fire Barriers, 2010a.

ASTM E 2404 E2404 , Standard Practice for Specimen Preparation and Mounting of Textile, Paper orPolymeric (Including Vinyl) Wall or Ceiling Coverings, and of Facings and Wood Veneers Intended to beApplied on Site Over a Wood Substrate, to Assess Surface Burning Characteristics, 2012 2013 e1 .

ASTM E 2573 E2573 , Standard Practice for Specimen Preparation and Mounting of Site-FabricatedStretch Systems to Assess Surface Burning Characteristics, 2012.

ASTM E 2599 E2599 , Standard Practice for Specimen Preparation and Mounting of Reflective Insulation,Radiant Barrier, and Vinyl Stretch Ceiling Materials for Building Applications to Assess Surface BurningCharacteristics, 2011.

ASTM E 2652 E2652 , Standard Test Method for Behavior of Materials in a Tube Furnace with aCone-Shaped Airflow Stabilizer, at 750 Degrees C, 2012.

ASTM F 852 F852 , Standard for Portable Gasoline Containers for Consumer Use, 2008.

ASTM F 976 F976 , Standard for Portable Kerosene Containers for Consumer Use, 2008.

2.3.7 CGA Publications.

Compressed Gas Association, 4221 Walney Road, 5th Floor 14501 George Carter Way, Suite 103 ,Chantilly, VA 20151-2923 1788 .

CGA C-7, Guide to the Preparation of Precautionary Labeling and Marking Classification and Labellingof Compressed Gas Containers, 2004 Gases, 10th edition, 2014 .

ANSI/CGA G-13, Storage and Handling of Silane and Silane Mixtures, 2006 3rd ediition, 2015 .

CGA M-1, Guide Standard for Medical Gas Installations at Consumer Sites, 2007 Supply Systems atHealth Care Facilities, 3rd edition, 2013 .

CGA P-1, Safe Handling of Compressed Gases in Containers, 2008.

ANSI/CGA P-18, Standard for Bulk Inert Gas Systems at Consumer Sites , 2006 , 4th edition, 2013 .

CGA P-20, Standard for the Classification of Toxic Gas Mixtures, 2009.

CGA P-23, Standard for Categorizing Gas Mixtures Containing Flammable and NonflammableComponents,2008 2015 .

CGA S-1.1, Pressure Relief Device Standards — Part 1— Cylinders for Compressed Gases, 2007 14thedition, 2011 .

CGA S-1.2, Pressure Relief Device Standards — Part 2 — Cargo and Portable Tanks for CompressedGases, 2009.

CGA S-1.3, Pressure Relief Device Standards — Part 3 — Stationary Storage Containers for CompressedGases, 2008.

CGA-V6 V - 6 , Standard Cryogenic Liquid Transfer Connections, 2008 6th edition, 2014 .

2.3.8 CTA Publications.

Canadian Transportation Agency, Queen's Printer, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. (Available from the CanadianCommunications Group Publication Centre, Ordering Department, Ottawa, Canada K1A 0S9.)

Transportation of Dangerous Goods Regulations.


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2.3.9 FM Publications.

FM Global, 1301 Atwood 270 Central Avenue , P.O. Box 7500, Johnston, RI 02919-4923 .

Approval Standard for FMApproval 6051-6052, Safety Containers and Filling, Supply, and DisposalContainers — Class Number 6051 and 6052 , May 1976.

ANSI/ FMApproval 4880,American National Standard for Evaluating Class 1 Fire Rating of InsulatedWall or Wall and Roof/Ceiling Assemblies Panels , Plastic Interior Finish Materials , Plastic ExteriorBuilding Panels, Wall/Ceiling Coating Systems, Interior or Exterior Finish Systems, 2007.ApprovalStandard for Materials or Coatings and Exterior Wall Systems, 2010 .

FMApproval 6083, Plastic Plugs for Steel Drums, Class Number 6083, October 2006 .

Approval Standard FMApproval 6921 , Containers for Combustible Waste , 2004.

2.3.10 IEC Publication.

International Electrotechnical Commission, 3, rue de Varembé, P.O. Box 131, CH-1211 Geneva 20,Switzerland.

IEC 61340-4-4, Electrostatics—Part 4-4: Standard Test Methods for Specific Applications — ElectrostaticClassification of Flexible Intermediate Bulk Containers (FIBC), 2005 2014 .

2.3.11 IIAR Publications.

International Institute of Ammonia Refrigeration, 1001 N. Fairfax Street, Suite 503, Alexandria, VA 22314.

ANSI/IIAR 2, Equipment, Design, and Installation of Closed-Circuit Ammonia Mechanical RefrigeratingSystems, 2008.

ANSI/IIAR 7, Developing Operating Procedures for Closed-Circuit Ammonia Mechanical RefrigeratingSystems, 2013.

2.3.12 ISO Publications.

International Organization for Standardization, 1, ch. de la Voie-Creuse ISO Central Secretariat, BIBCII, 8 , Chemin de Blandonnet , Case postale 56, CH-1211 Geneve 20, 401 , 1214 Vernier, Geneva,Switzerland.

ISO 10156, Gases and gas mixtures — Determination of fire potential and oxidizing ability for the selectionof cylinder valve outlets, 2010.

ISO 10298, Determination of toxicity of a gas or gas mixture, 2010.

2.3.13 NBBPVI NBBI Publications.

National Board of Boiler and Pressure Vessel Inspectors, 1055 Crupper Avenue, Columbus, OH 43229.

ANSI/NB23 NBBI NB - 23 , National Board Inspection Code, 2007 2015 .

2.3.14 NRFC Publications.

National Railroad Freight Committee, 222 South Riverside Plaza, Chicago, IL 60606-5945.

Uniform Freight Classification (UFC), 2005.

2.3.15 RVIA Publications.

Recreation Vehicle Industry Association, 1896 Preston White Drive, P.O. Box 2999, Reston, VA20195-0999.

RVIA/ANSI A119.5, Standard for Recreational Park Trailers, 2009.

2.3.16 STI/SPFA Publications.

Steel Tank Institute, 570 Oakwood Road /Steel Plate Fabricators Association , 944 Donata Ct. , LakeZurich, IL 60047.

STI SP001, Standard for the Inspection of Aboveground Storage Tanks, 5th edition, 2011.


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2.3.17 UL Publications.


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Underwriters Laboratories Inc., 333 Pfingsten Road, Northbrook, IL 60062-2096.

ANSI/ UL 8, Standard for Water Based Agent Fire Extinguishers, 2005, Revised 2009 2011 .

ANSI/ UL 9, Standard for Fire Tests of Window Assemblies, 2009.

ANSI/ UL 10B, Standard for Fire Tests of Door Assemblies, 2008, Revised 2009.

ANSI/ UL 10C, Standard for Positive Pressure Fire Tests of Door Assemblies, 2009.

ANSI/ UL 30, Standard for Metal Safety Cans, 1995, Revised 2009 2014 .

UL 58, Standard for Steel Underground Tanks for Flammable and Combustible Liquids, 1996, Revised1998.

ANSI/ UL 80, Standard for Steel Tanks for Oil Burner Fuels and Other Combustible Liquids, 2007, Revised2009 2014 .

ANSI/ UL 142, Standard for Steel Aboveground Tanks for Flammable and Combustible Liquids, 2006,Revised 2010 2014 .

ANSI/ UL 147A, Standard for Nonrefillable (Disposable) Type Fuel Gas Cylinder Assemblies, 2005,Revised 2009 2013 .

ANSI/ UL 147B, Standard for Nonrefillable (Disposable) Type Metal Container Assemblies for Butane,2005, Revised 2008 2013 .

ANSI/ UL 154, Standard for Carbon Dioxide Fire Extinguishers, 2005, Revised 2009 2014 .

UL 162, Standard for Safety for Foam Equipment and Liquid Concentrates, 1994, Revised 2014 .

ANSI/ UL 197, Standard for Commercial Electric Cooking Appliances, 2010, Revised 2011 2014 .

ANSI/ UL 263,Standard for Fire Tests of Building Construction and Materials, 2011, Revised 2014 .

ANSI/ UL 294, Standard for Access Control System Units, 1999, Revised 2010 2015 .

ANSI/ UL 296A, Standard for Waste Oil-Burning Air-Heating Appliances, 2010, Revised 2013 .

ANSI/ UL 299, Standard for Dry Chemical Fire Extinguishers, 2012.

ANSI/ UL 300, Standard for Fire Testing of Fire Extinguishing Systems for Protection of RestaurantCooking Areas, 2005, Revised 2010 2014 .

ANSI/ UL 340, Test for Comparative Flammability of Liquids, 2009, Revised 2014 .

ANSI/ UL 499, Standard for Electric Heating Appliances, 2005 2014 .

ANSI/ UL 555, Standard for Fire Dampers, 2006, Revised 2012 2014 .

ANSI/ UL 555S, Standard for Smoke Dampers, 1999, Revised 2012 2014 .

ANSI/ UL 567, Standard for Emergency Breakaway Fittings, Swivel Connectors and Pipe ConnectionFittings for Petroleum Products and LP-Gas, 2003, Revised 2011 2014 .

ANSI/ UL 626, Standard for Water Fire Extinguishers, 2005, Revised 2012.

ANSI/ UL 710B, Standard for Recirculating Exhaust Systems, 2004, Revised 2009 2014 .

ANSI/ UL 711, Standard for Rating and Fire Testing of Fire Extinguishers, 2004, Revised 2009 2013 .

ANSI/ UL 723, Standard for Test for Surface Burning Characteristics of Building Materials, 2008, Revised2010 2013 .ANSI/

UL 790, Standard for Safety for Tests for Fire Resistance of Roof Covering Materials Test Methods ForFire Tests Of Roof Coverings , 2004, Revised 2008 2014 .

ANSI/ UL 842, Standard for Valves for Flammable Fluids, 2007, Revised 2011 2014 .

ANSI/ UL 900, Standard for Air Filter Units, 2004, Revised 2009 2012 .

ANSI/ UL 913, Standard for Intrinsically Safe Apparatus and Associated Apparatus for Use in Class I, II,and III Division 1, Hazardous (Classified) Locations, 2006, Revised 2010 2013 .

ANSI/ UL 924, Standard for Emergency Lighting and Power Equipment, 2006, Revised 2011 2014 .

UL 971, Standard for Nonmetallic Underground Piping for Flammable Liquids, 1995, Revised 2006.

ANSI/ UL 1037, Standard for Antitheft Alarms and Devices, 1999, Revised 2009.


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ANSI/ UL 1040, Standard for Fire Test of Insulated Wall Construction, 1996, Revised 2007 2012 .

ANSI/ UL 1313, Standard for Nonmetallic Safety Cans for Petroleum Products, 1993, Revised 2007 2012 .

UL 1316, Standard for Glass-Fiber Reinforced Plastic Underground Storage Tanks for Petroleum Products,Alcohols, and Alcohol-Gasoline Mixtures, 2006.

UL 1479, Standard for Fire Tests of Through-Penetration Firestops, 2003, Revised 2010 2012 .

UL 1573, Standard for Stage and Studio Luminaires and Connector Strips, 2003, Revised 2014 .

UL 1640, Standard for Portable Power-Distribution Equipment, 2007 2012 .

ANSI/ UL 1715, Standard for Fire Test of Interior Finish Material, 1997, Revised 2008 2013 .

ANSI/ UL 1746, Standard for External Corrosion Protection Systems for Steel Underground Storage Tanks,2007, Revised 2014 .

UL 1803, Standard for Factory Follow-up on Third Party Certified Portable Fire Extinguishers, 2012.

UL 1975, Standard for Fire Tests for Foamed Plastics Used for Decorative Purposes, 2006.

ANSI/ UL 1994, Standard for Luminous Egress Path Marking Systems, 2004, Revised 2010.

UL 2079, Standard for Tests for Fire Resistance of Building Joint Systems, 2004, Revised 2008 2014 .

UL 2080, Standard for Fire Resistant Tanks for Flammable and Combustible Liquids, 2000.

ANSI/ UL 2085, Standard for Protected Aboveground Tanks for Flammable and Combustible Liquids, 1997,Revised 2010.

ANSI/ UL 2129, Standard for Halocarbon Clean Agent Fire Extinguishers, 2005, Revised 2012 2014 .

ANSI/ UL 2208, Standard for Solvent Distillation Units, 2005, Revised 2011.

UL 2245, Standard for Below-Grade Vaults for Flammable Liquid Storage Tanks, 2006.

UL 2368, Standard for Fire Exposure Testing of Intermediate Bulk Containers for Flammable andCombustible Liquids, 2012, Revised 2014 .

ANSI/ UL 2586, Standard for Hose Nozzle Valves, 2011, Revised 2012 201 4 .

2.3.18 ULC Publications.

Underwriters' Laboratories of Canada, 7 Underwriters Road, Toronto, Ontario M1R 3B4, Canada.

CAN/ULC-S503, Standard for Carbon-Dioxide Fire Extinguishers, 2005, Revised 2010.

CAN/ULC-S504, Standard for Dry Chemical Fire Extinguishers, 2002, Revised 2009.

CAN/ULC-S507, Standard for Water Fire Extinguishers, 2005, Revised 2010.

CAN/ULC-S508, Standard for Rating and Testing of Fire Extinguishers and Fire Extinguishing Agents,2004, Revised 2009.

CAN/ULC-S512, Standard for Halogenated Agent Hand and Wheeled Fire Extinguishers, 2007.

CAN/ULC-S554, Standard for Water Based Agent Fire Extinguishers, 2005, Reaffirmed 2010.

CAN/ULC-S566, Standard for Halocarbon Clean Agent Fire Extinguishers, 2005, Revised 2007.

2.3.19 UN Publications.

United Nations Headquarters, New York, NY 10017.

Recommendations on the Transport of Dangerous Goods, 17th 1 8 th revised edition, 2011 2014 .


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2.3.20 U.S. Government Publications.

U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402.

FAA A/C FAA AC 150/5390-2B 2C , Heliport Design Advisory Circular , September 30, 2004 , 2012 .

Interstate Commerce Commission (ICC), Rules for Construction of Unfired Pressure Vessels, U.S.Department of Transportation, Washington, DC.

Title 16, Code of Federal Regulations, Part 1632, “Standard for the Flammability of Mattresses andMattress Pads,” January 1, 1990.

Title 18, United States Code, “Importation, Manufacture, Distribution and Storage of Explosive Materials,”1970.

Title 21, Code of Federal Regulations, Part 210, “Processing, Packing, or Holding Drugs; General.”

Title 21, Code of Federal Regulations, Part 211, “Current Good Manufacturing Practice for FinishedPharmaceuticals.”

Title 27, Code of Federal Regulations, Part 555, Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms, and Explosives,U.S. Department of Justice.

Title 29, Code of Federal Regulations, Parts 1910.1000 and 1910.1200, “Hazard Communication,” U.S.Department of Labor.

Title 49, Code of Federal Regulations, Part 100 to end, U.S. Department of Transportation.

2.3.21 Other Publications.

Merriam-Webster’s Collegiate Dictionary, 11th edition, Merriam-Webster, Inc., Springfield, MA, 2003.


Referenced current SDO names, addresses, standard names and edition years.



Public Input No. 12-NFPA 1-2015 [Section No. F.1.2]

Public Input No. 13-NFPA 1-2015 [Global Input]




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2.3.6 ASTM Publications.


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ASTM A 395 A395/A395M , Standard Specification for Ferritic Ductile Iron Pressure-Retaining Castings forUse at Elevated Temperatures, 1999 (reaffirmed 2009 2014 ).

ASTM D 5 D5 /D 5M D5M , Standard Test Method for Penetration of Bituminous Materials, 2013.

ASTM D 56 D56 , Standard Test Method for Flash Point by Tag Closed Cup Tester, 2005(reaffirmed 2010).

ASTM D 92 D92 , Standard Test Method for Flash and Fire Points by Cleveland Open Cup Tester, 2012b.

ASTM D 93 D93 , Standard Test Methods for Flash Point by Pensky-Martens Closed Cup Tester,2012 2015 .

ASTM D 323 D323 , Standard Method of Test for Vapor Pressure of Petroleum Products (Reid Method),2008 (2014) .

ASTM D 396 D396 , Standard Specification for Fuel Oils, 2010 2015a .

ASTM D 635 D635 , Standard Test Method for Rate of Burning and/or Extent and Time of Burning ofPlastics in a Horizontal Position, 2010 2014 .

ASTM D 1929 D1929 , Standard Test Method for Determining Ignition Temperature of Plastics, 2012 2014 .

ASTM D 2843 D2843 , Standard Test Method for Density of Smoke from the Burning or Decomposition ofPlastics, 2010.

ASTM D 2859 D2859 , Standard Test Method for Ignition Characteristics of Finished Textile Floor CoveringMaterials, 2006 (2011).

ASTM D 2898 D2898 , Standard Test Methods for Accelerated Weathering of Fire-Retardant-Treated Woodfor Fire Testing, 2010.

ASTM D 3278 D3278 , Standard Test Methods for Flash Point of Liquids by Small Scale Closed-CupApparatus, 1996 (reaffirmed 2011).

ASTM D 3699 D3699 , Standard Specification for Kerosene, 2008 2013b e1 .

ASTM D 3828 D3828 , Standard Test Methods for Flash Point by Small Scale Closed Cup Tester, 2012a.

ASTM D 4359 D4359 , Standard Test for Determining Whether a Material is a Liquid or a Solid, 1990(reaffirmed 2012).

ASTM D 5391 D5391 , Standard Test for Electrical Conductivity and Resistivity of a Flowing High PurityWater Sample, 1999 (2009) 2014 .

ASTM D 6448 D6448 , Industrial Burner Fuels from Used Lube Oils, 2009 2014 e1 .

ASTM D 6751 D6751 , Standard Specification for Biodiesel Fuel Blend Stock (B100) for Middle DistillateFuel, 2010 2015 .

ASTM D 6823 D6823 , Commercial Burner Fuels from Used Lube Oils, 2008 (2013) .

ASTM E 84 E84 , Standard Test Method for Surface Burning Characteristics of Building Materials,2013 2015 .

ASTM E 108 E108 , Standard Test Methods for Fire Tests of Roof Coverings, 2011.

ASTM E 119 E119 , Standard Test Methods for Fire Tests of Building Construction and Materials,2012a 2014 .

ASTM E 136 E136 , Standard Test Method for Behavior of Materials in a Vertical Tube Furnace at 750Degrees C, 2012.

ASTM E 648 E648 , Standard Test Method for Critical Radiant Flux of Floor-Covering Systems Using aRadiant Heat Energy Source, 2010 e1 2014c .

ASTM E 681 E681 , Standard Test Method for Concentration Limits of Flammability of Chemicals (Vaporsand Gases), 2009.

ASTM E 814 E814 , Standard Test Method for Fire Tests of Through-Penetration Fire Stops, 2011a 2013a .


ASTM E 1537 E1537 , Standard Test Method for Fire Testing of Upholstered Furniture, 2012 2013 .


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ASTM E 1590 E1590 , Standard Test Method for Fire Testing of Mattresses, 2012 2013 .

ASTM E 1591 E1591 , Standard Guide for Obtaining Data for Deterministic Fire Models, 2007 2013 .

ASTM E 1966 E1966 , Standard Test Method for Fire-Resistive Joint Systems, 2007 (2011).

ASTM E 2074 E2074 , Standard Test Method for Fire Tests of Door Assemblies, Including Positive PressureTesting of Side-Hinged and Pivoted Swinging Door Assemblies, 2000e1 (withdrawn 2007).

ASTM E 2174 E2174 , Standard Practice for On-Site Inspection of Installed Fire Stops, 2010a e1 2014b .

ASTM E 2307 E2307 , Standard Test Method for Determining Fire Resistance of Perimeter Fire BarrierSystems Using Intermediate-Scale, Multi-story Test Apparatus, 2010 2015 .

ASTM E 2393 E2393 , Standard Practice for On-Site Inspection of Installed Fire Resistive Joint Systemsand Perimeter Fire Barriers, 2010a.

ASTM E 2404 E2404 , Standard Practice for Specimen Preparation and Mounting of Textile, Paper orPolymeric (Including Vinyl) Wall or Ceiling Coverings, and of Facings and Wood Veneers Intended to beApplied on Site Over a Wood Substrate, to Assess Surface Burning Characteristics, 2012 2013 e1 .

ASTM E 2573 E2573 , Standard Practice for Specimen Preparation and Mounting of Site-FabricatedStretch Systems to Assess Surface Burning Characteristics, 2012.

ASTM E 2599 E2599 , Standard Practice for Specimen Preparation and Mounting of Reflective Insulation,Radiant Barrier, and Vinyl Stretch Ceiling Materials for Building Applications to Assess Surface BurningCharacteristics, 2011.

ASTM E 2652 E2652 , Standard Test Method for Behavior of Materials in a Tube Furnace with aCone-Shaped Airflow Stabilizer, at 750 Degrees C, 2012.

ASTM F 852 F852 , Standard for Portable Gasoline Containers for Consumer Use, 2008.

ASTM F 976 F976 , Standard for Portable Kerosene Containers for Consumer Use, 2008.


date updates


Submitter Full Name: MARCELO HIRSCHLER

Organization: GBH INTERNATIONAL

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Submittal Date: Mon Apr 20 10:55:34 EDT 2015


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3.3.14.5 Indoor Area.

An area that is within a building or structure having overhead cover, other than a structure qualifying as“weather protection” in accordance with Section 6 .6 of NFPA 55, Compressed Gases and CryogenicFluids Code . [ 55, 2013]


The public input eliminates the reference to NFPA 55 (and thus makes it no longer an extract from NFPA 55) because NFPA Manual of Style requires that definitions do not have references to codes or standards or regulations. I understand that this will require added action to include the requirements in an appropriate location within the body of the NFPA 1 code. Note that, according to the NFPA Manual of Style definitions are not enforceable and thus cannot contain requirements and a reference to a standard makes it a requirement.




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Insert a new definition for "Consumer Fireworks"

3.3.69 Consumer Fireworks. Small fireworks devices containing restricted amounts of pyrotechniccomposition, designed primarily to produce visible or audible effects by comustion, that comply with theconstruction, chemical composition, and labeling regulations of the U.S. Consumer Product SafetyCommission (CPSC), as set forth in CPSC 16 CFR 1500 and 1507, 49 CFR 172, and APA Standard 87-1,Standard for the Construction and Approval for Transportation of Fireworks, Novelties, and TheatricalPyrotechnics.


A definition of "consumer fireworks" is necessary in order to apply PI No. 5 for NFPA 1.



Public Input No. 5-NFPA 1-2015 [New Section after 65.9.2.2]




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3.3.69.6 Intermediate Bulk Container.

Any closed vessel having a liquid capacity not exceeding 3000 L (793 gal) and intended for storing andtransporting liquids, as defined in Title 49, Code of Federal Regulations, Parts 100 through 199 or in Part 6of the United Nations Recommendations on the Transport of Dangerous Goods . [ 30, 2015]


The public input eliminates the reference to the CFR (and thus makes it no longer an extract from NFPA 30) because NFPA Manual of Style requires that definitions do not have references to codes or standards or regulations. I understand that this will require added action to include the requirements in an appropriate location within the body of the NFPA 1 code. Note that, according to the NFPA Manual of Style definitions are not enforceable and thus cannot contain requirements and a reference to a standard makes it a requirement.




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3.3.123 Fire Point.

The lowest temperature at which a liquid will ignite and achieve sustained burning when exposed to a testflame in accordance with ASTM D 92, Standard Test Method for Flash and Fire Points by Cleveland OpenCup Tester . [ 30, 2015]


The public input eliminates the reference to ASTM D92 (and thus makes it no longer an extract from NFPA 30) because NFPA Manual of Style requires that definitions do not have references to codes or standards or regulations. I understand that this will require added action to include the requirements in an appropriate location within the body of the NFPA 1 code. Note that, according to the NFPA Manual of Style definitions are not enforceable and thus cannot contain requirements and a reference to a standard makes it a requirement.




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3.3.125 Fire Watch.

The assignment of a person or persons to an area for the express purpose of: notifying the firedepartment, the building occupants, or both of an emergency; preventing a fire from occurring;extinguishing small fires; or protecting the public from fire and life safety dangers; or any other life safetydangers duties as assigned by the AHJ .






Some AHJ's add impose additional duties on the assigned fire watch individuals. This additional language will lend credence to those other duties.



Organization: NFPA TC on Fire Code

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3.3.125 Fire Watch.

The assignment of a person or persons to an area for the express purpose of notifying the fire department,the building occupants, or both of an emergency; preventing a fire from occurring; extinguishing small fires;or protecting the public from fire or and life safety dangers.



1_PC26.pdf NFPA 1 Public Comment 26.



It should address and not or. It is all inclusive not selective.




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3.3.129* Flash Point.

The minimum temperature of a liquid at which sufficient vapor is given off to form an ignitible mixture withthe air, near the surface of the liquid or within the vessel used, as determined by the appropriate testprocedure and apparatus specified in Section 4 . 4 of NFPA 30, Flammable and Combustible LiquidsCode . [ 30, 2015]


The public input eliminates the reference to NFPA 530(and thus makes it no longer an extract from NFPA 30) because NFPA Manual of Style requires that definitions do not have references to codes or standards or regulations. I understand that this will require added action to include the requirements in an appropriate location within the body of the NFPA 1 code. Note that, according to the NFPA Manual of Style definitions are not enforceable and thus cannot contain requirements and a reference to a standard makes it a requirement.




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3.3.x Rural.

Those areas that are not unsettled wilderness or uninhabitable territory but are sparsely populated withdensities below 500 persons per square mile (1142)

3.3.x Suburb or Suburban.

Those moderately inhabited areas with population densities of at least 500 persons per square mile butless than 1000 persons per square mile. (1142)



1_PC2.pdf NFPA 1 Public Comment 2.



The terms are used in chapter 18 and should be included to aid the user in understanding.




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6.1.13.1* Definition — Storage Occupancy.

An occupancy used primarily for the storage or sheltering of goods, merchandise, products, or vehicles, oranimals . [ 101: 6.1.13.1]


For the second revision cycle in a row, NFPA 1 has overlooked the re-write of NFPA 101 6.1.13.1, which reflects the removal of animals from the list of storage materials in that definition. As of the 2012 edition of The Life Safety Code, animals are no longer considered storage material and have therefore been removed from the definition of Storage occupancies in Chapter 3 as well as from corresponding sections in Chapters 6 and 42. As such, NFPA 1 needs to correct its corresponding definition in Chapter 6 as it is cited as a direct reference from 101. The definition of Storage Occupancies in Chapter 3 is correct but the definition in Chapter 6 was not corrected and needs to be. The current citation from 101 in Chapter 6 of NFPA 1 is incorrect.


Submitter Full Name: JOE SCIBETTA

Organization: BUILDINGREPORTS

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10.2.7 Minimum Fire Prevention Inspection Frequencies for Existing Occupancies

10.2.7.1 The owner, operator or occupant of a building shall be responsible for ensuring a fire preventioninspection occurs on their premises in accordance with the following minimum inspection frequencyschedule:

(Extract table 6.7 of NFPA 1730 Standard on Organization and Deployment of Fire Prevention andInspection and Code Enforcement, Plans Review, Investigation, and Public Education Operations to thePublic)

10.2.7.2 The required fire prevention inspection shall be conducted by the AHJ for the jurisdiction thatprovides for fire code enforcement or by an approved party that is qualified in accordance with NFPA 1031,Professional Qualifications for Fire Inspector and Plans Examiner.

10.2.7.2 Violations noted during the inspection shall be corrected by the owner, operator or occupant incompliance with a schedule determined by the fire prevention inspector.

10.2.7.3 The provisions of 10.2.7 are not applicable to detached one-and two-family dwelling andtownhomes.


NFPA 1730 has just been promulgated and contains minimum inspection frequencies for existing occupancies. In order to ensure existing occupancies comply with the fire prevention code, a fire prevention inspection is required a part of the standard of care as specified in NFPA 1730. This proposal incorporates that standard of care into NFPA 1. The default is that the local fire AHJ should conduct the inspection in accordance. However, if staffing does not permit or if the local jurisdiction does not have a qualified individual, the owner, occupant or operator can retain an AHJ approved NFPA 1031 qualified individual to conduct the inspection. Thereby, fire code compliance is achieved in accordance with the 1730 standard.




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10.10.6.1

For other than one- and two-family dwellings, no hibachi, open flame grill, or other similar devices used forcooking, heating, or any other purpose shall be used or kindled on any balcony, under any overhangingportion, or within 10 ft (3 m) of any structure.

10.10.6.2

For other than one- and two-family dwellings, no hibachi, open flame grill, or other similar devices used forcooking shall be stored on a balcony.

10.10.6.3*

Listed equipment permanently installed in accordance with its listing, applicable codes, and manufacturer'sinstructions shall be permitted as long as such device is not an open flame cooking or heating device. Electric cooking and or heating devices shall be permitted as per manufacturer's instructions.






The changes proposed would allow certain types of electric grills to be used on balconies which would greatly reduce the risk of fires and lessen the chance of occupants of such dwellings using open flame grills to cook on.A video showing such an electric grill in operation and how flammable material placed on the hot grilling surface will not combust in over 20 minutes time.




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10.10.10 Discontinuance.

The AHJ shall be authorized to require any fire to be immediately discontinued if the fire is determined toconstitute a hazardous condition or a nuisence .


As an enforcer, I would like to see a code section that works with the smoke aspect of fires. In South Florida, yards are not as big and I often get complaints about the neighbors smoke from their bon-fires.


Submitter Full Name: JEFFREY LUCAS

Organization: FORT LAUDERDALE FIRE RESCUE

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10.11.1.2 Address numbers shall be a minimum of 4 inches high with a minum width of 1/2 inch.


The code should specify a minimum height and width for address numbers to ensure a reasonable level of visibility to emergency responders. The current 10.11.1.1 states that addresses shall be plainly legible and visible. However, this creates a source for conflict and differences of opinion. The 4" minimum is a reasonable standard.




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10.11.1.4 Address numbers for suites, within a multiple tenant building or complex, shall be individuallyidentified in a manner approved by the AHJ.


The current language in 10.11.1, does not provide any provision for the addressing of individual suites in a multiple tenant environment. A shopping center could have one single address, displayed at the street in accordance with 10.11.1.1, but numerous suites that are unidentified as to numerical and be in compliance with the current provision of NFPA 1. This creates the potential for significant delays in response times of emergency responders when trying to locate a particular suite within a multi-suite complex.




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10.11.1.4 The assignment of addressing to buildings shall be in accordance with a method approved by theAHJ.

10.11.1.4.1 Addresses shall not be changed unless approved by that AHJ.


Assignment of addressing to buildings and changes of addresses to existing buildings can create significant difficulties to emergency responders if a consistent approach is not utilized. Maintaining a current addressing methodology is becoming increasingly important as addressing databases are being used in new technology application during a response, such as GIS. The AHJ should have a formal initial addressing mechanism and method to review and approve changes to existing addresses in order to ensure databases are maintained and response times are not adversely impacted.




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Telecommunications Equipment

10.11.1.4 Telecommunications Equipment. Telecommunications equipment, utilized to communicateaddress data to E911 communication centers, shall be programed and maintained to accurately conveysuch address information to the E911 communication center.


Proper programing of telecommunications equipment to convey correct address information in the event of a E911 call is imperative. Incorrect information can result in a delayed response to a fire, EMS or other emergency. The code should require the owner/occupant to do their part in ensuring that their chain in the E911 communication is correct and maintained.



Organization: Altamonte Springs Building/Fire Safety

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10.18.5 Equipment Rooms.

10.18.5.1

Combustible material shall not be stored in boiler rooms, mechanical rooms, or electrical equipment rooms.

10.18.5.2

Materials and supplies for the operation and maintenance of the equipment in the room shall be permitted.


Combustible material is not restricted from being stored within equipment rooms in the Life Safety Code, NFPA 101 or the National Electrical Code NFPA 70 as a rule. The wording in 10.18.5 creates a conflict when trying to use NFPA 1, especially when an equipment rooms are designed as hazardous areas in accordance with NFPA 101 so that they can accommodate combustible storage. NFPA 90A does have restrictions when combustible storage is not permitted within the air handler equipment room, but only when it is part of an air plenum. See NFPA 90A, 5.1.2 and 5.1.4.

Deleting the requirement will remove the conflict among the NFPA codes and standards. An alternative would be to rewrite the requirements so that they don't conflict with other NFPA codes and standards. The wording in 10.18.6 is more appropriate wording for areas that store combustible materials.


Submitter Full Name: Peter Larrimer

Organization: US Department of Veterans Affa

Street Address:

City:

State:

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13.7.4.4 Inspection, Testing, and Maintenance.

The inspection, testing, and maintenance for fire alarm and fire detection systems shall be in accordancewith Chapter 10 Chapter 14 of NFPA 72.


Chapter 10 no longer provides requirements for Inspection, Testing and Maintenance of fire alarm systems. This change merely corrects the reference to Chapter 14.


Submitter Full Name: Merton Bunker

Organization: US Department of State

Street Address:

City:

State:

Zip:

Submittal Date: Tue Feb 10 13:55:55 EST 2015


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16.3.1.2

All of the following items shall be addressed in the fire safety program:

(1) Good housekeeping

(2) On-site security

(3) Fire protection systems

(a) For construction operations, installation of new fire protection systems as constructionprogresses

(b) For demolition operations, preservation of existing fire protection systems during demolition

(c) An interior demolition shall be pre- inspected by a qualified person to determine the presence ofasbestos and notification given to the AHJ prior to the demolition. If found, placarding of"Caution, Asbestos inside" or other similar wording acceptable to the AHJ shall be placed on thebuilding on the street side notifying first responders.

(d) A total building demolition, if required by the AHJ shall include a site plan showing a safe zonefor workers away from the demolition area, a designated emergency command area location, ameans of communication between the demolition crew and the designated emergency commandarea, and hoses supplied by the contractor for wetting down emergent dust clouds.

(4) Organization and training of an on-site fire brigade

(5) Development of a prefire plan with the local fire department

(6) Rapid communication

(7) Consideration of special hazards resulting from previous occupancies

(8) Protection of existing structures and equipment from exposure fires resulting from construction,alteration, and demolition operations [241:7.1]


I believe that the current language does not give enough direction for scene safety when complete demolitions are being planned. The AHJ should be able to ask for a site plan relevant to that building. Equally as important with the risk of firefighters being diagnosed with cancer, many of these older buildings have asbestos, a known cause of various cancers. First responders should be made aware of any asbestos abatement activities when they arrive on scene via signage. If the AHJ is notified ahead of time that asbestos abatement is occurring, operations will be able to pre-plan if a fire occurs in these types of buildings.


Submitter Full Name: JANET WASHBURN

Organization: CITY OF HOLLYWOOD FIRE DEPARTM

Street Address:

City:

State:

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Submittal Date: Sat Apr 04 18:39:16 EDT 2015


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Rubberized Asphalt Melters for Roof Deck SystemsAdd a new Definition:

Rubberized Asphalt Melter . (Melter) Portable equipment used for the heating of rubberized asphaltmaterial. The term applies only if both the material being heated is a mix of asphalt and inert material and ifan indirect method of heating is used.

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Chapter 16, Safeguards During Building Construction, Alteration, and Demolition Operations

{Note to Committee- Roof Deck is defined in Section 1502 of the FBC: The flat or sloped surface notincluding its supporting members or vertical supports.}

Insert a new 16.8 and renumber the remainder of the chapter accordingly.

16.8 Rubberized Asphalt Melters for Roof Deck Systems

16.8.1 General.

16.8.1 The provisions of Section 16.8 shall apply to any type of fully enclosed chassis-mounted or portableRubberized Asphalt Melter using indirect heating of a mix of asphalt and inert material for application onroofs decks.

16.8.1.1 Rubberized Asphalt Melter . (Melter) Portable equipment used for the heating of rubberizedasphalt material. The term applies only if both the material being heated is a mix of asphalt and inertmaterial and if an indirect method of heating is used.

16.8.1.2 Indirect heating refers to an independent fully enclosed oil system that transfers heat from aburner to oil around the outside of a material vat which then heats the rubberized material. There is nodirect burner or flame impingement on the material vat with indirect heating. Temperature rise in the materialvat is gradual and controlled.

16.8.2 Permits. Permits, where required, shall comply with Section 1.12.

16.8.2.1 Permits for the operation of a Rubberized Asphalt Melter on a roof deck shall not be deemed apermit for torches or burners. Any use of torches or burners will require a separate permit.

16.8.3 Rubberized Asphalt Melter Location. The melter shall be located and operated in a controlledarea. The area shall be identified by the use of traffic cones, barriers, and other suitable means asdesignated by the AHJ.

16.8.3.1 Melters shall be permitted to be located and operated on roof decks.

16.8.3.2 The design load of the roof deck shall be capable of supporting the weight of the melter whenloaded to capacity with rubberized asphalt material. The design load of the roof deck shall be as determinedon building drawings or by a design professional acceptable to the AHJ.

16.8.3.3 Melters shall be chocked in place on the roof deck at locations identified by the designprofessional and acceptable to the AHJ.

16.8.3.4 Rubberized Asphalt Cakes for use in Melters shall be located on the roof at a location agreedupon by the design professional and the AHJ.

16.8.3.5 Rubberized Asphalt Melters shall not be located inside of any building.

16.8.4 Exits.

16.8.4.1 Melters shall not block exits or a means of egress or escape to an exit.

16.8.4.2 Melters shall not be closer than 10 ft. from exits.

16.8.5 Fire Extinguishers.

16.8.5.1 Two approved 4-A:40-B:C fire extinguishers shall be provided and maintained within 25 ft. of themelter.

16.8.5.1.1 A minimum of one approved 4-A:40-B:C fire extinguisher shall be provided in close proximity tothe roofing material application.


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16.8.5.2 Each worker shall be instructed on the proper use of fire extinguishers and in the event of a fire toturn off all Melter engines and burners and notify the fire department.

16.8.6 Melter Operation.

16.8. 6.1 Melters shall be operated according to manufacturer instructions. Melters shall operate usingintegral control systems that include temperature controls for the diesel fired burner, the oil system, and thematerial vat.

16.8. 6.1.1 The diesel burner shall fire into an oil jacketed tank for uniform transfer. There shall be no openflame devices on rubberized asphalt melters.

16.8.6.1.2 All melters shall have Melter lids permanently attached. The Melter lids shall be kept closed atall times, except to add rubberized asphalt membrane cakes to the melter, in order to control thetemperature of the melter and limit the production of smoke and fumes.

16.8.6.1.3 The property representative shall be familiar with the roof application process and shall assistthe roofing contractor in identifying air intakes into the building and coordinating shut off and resupply offresh air into the building. This may include temporarily covering air intakes so as to make them smoke andodor proof.

16.8.6.2 Rubberized Asphalt Melter Supervision.

16.8.6.2.1 An operating melter shall be attended by an employee who is knowledgeable and solelydedicated to the operation of the equipment and associated hazards.

16.8.6.2.2 The employee shall be within 25 ft. of the melter and shall have the melter within sight.

16.8.6.2.3 The employee shall remain in the area of the melter for a minimum of one-hour after the deviceis shut down.

16.8.6.2.4 The roofing contractor shall have the capability to immediately notify the fire department of anemergency on the site.

16.8.6.2.5 Copies of Material Safety Data Sheets and Rubberized Asphalt Melter manufacturer manualsshall be readily accessible on the job site.

16.8.6.3 Construction.

16.8.6.3.1 The materials and methods of construction of melters shall be acceptable to the AHJ.

16.8.6.3.2 Loading doors shall be designed as a safety door integral to the tank and shall be provided withhandles that allow rubberized asphalt cakes to be lowered into the tank without operator exposure to the vatmaterial.

16.8.6.3.3 All melters shall have an approved, working visible temperature gauge that indicate thetemperature of the rubberized material being heated and the temperature of the oil system heating thematerial vat.

16.8.6.3.4 The Melter shall have limit switches that prevent the material vat from heating beyond 400degrees F.

16.8.6.4 Fuel System.

16.8.6.4.1 Fuel containers shall be constructed and approved for the use for which they were designed.Melter fuel tanks shall be attached to the frame of the Melter.

16.8.6.4.2 Melters shall be diesel fuel or electrically powered.

16.8.6.4.3 Portable fuel tanks shall not be utilized to power Melters.

16.8.6.4.4 Diesel tanks and engines integral to Melters shall be maintained in accordance withmanufacturer instructions.

16.8.6.4.5 Refueling of diesel tanks shall be performed when the melter is off.

16.8.6.4.5.1 A refueling and spill prevention plan acceptable to the AHJ shall be utilized.

16.8.6.4.5.2 Refueling shall be conducted using approved safety cans.

16.8.6.4.6 No open flames shall be present within 20 feet of the refueling operation.

16.8.6.5 Maintenance.

16.8.5.1 Melters and all integral working parts shall be in good working condition and shall be maintainedfree of excessive residue.


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16.8.6.6 Minimum Requirements.

16.8. 6.6.1 Melters shall be operated as a complete unit as designed and built by the manufacturer. Fieldchanges that override controls or safety features shall not be permitted.

16.8.6.6.2 Material vats on Melters shall have a capacity of 230 gallons or less. Material vats shall be apermanent integral part of the Melter unit.

16.8.6.6.3 The Melter chassis shall be substantially constructed and capable of carrying the load imposedupon it whether it is standing still or being transported.



differences.jpg Comparison of traditional tar kettle use versus Rubberized Asphalt Melters


The inherent dangers of open flames as a part of construction processes has been recognized with particular emphasis on the use of torch applied roofing systems and tar kettles going back for more than two decades in NFPA 1. Recent editions moved the requirements and cautions for tar kettles and torch applied roofing systems to Chapter 16 that specifically addresses safeguards during building construction, alteration, and demolition operations. While this chapter contains a reference to NFPA 241, the torch applied roofing system requirements are not extracted from NFPA 241 and are the work of the Uniform Fire Code Committee.

This proposed change to NFPA 1 is important in distinguishing the differences between safe use of torches or tar kettles and rubberized asphalt melters on roof decks. Both operations need safeguards against the potential for fire, but with different constraints. This proposal separates out rubberized asphalt melters for use on roof decks brings with it recognition of fire safety as a part of that process.

Rubberized asphalt melters operate and perform differently from tar kettles as shown on the table which follows. Importantly the fuel used to provide indirect heating to the rubberized asphalt melter is diesel, there are temperature controls inherent in melters in part due to the need to maintain the roofing material at 350 to 380 degrees F. Overheating into the temperature range of ordinary combustibles makes the rubberized asphalt product unsuitable for roof deck application. Because of the lower application temperature on noncombustible roof decks the opportunity for fire with this method is greatly decreased when compared to tar kettles and torches.

The proposal is structured to provide for only approved equipment and methods to be permitted on roof locations, to insure exit access is always maintained, and to provide for fire extinguishers and responsible operation of equipment. The equipment construction and operation requirements are such that only a properly manufactured unit can be used and there are several national manufacturers that have equipment capable of meeting these requirements. Confirmation of roof deck ability to accommodate equipment loads prior to work beginning is a direct response to earlier committee comments.

The goal of Chapter 16 of NFPA 1 is to qualify operations necessary during construction as needing to be performed in a safe manner that will not put workers or the building at risk from fire. This proposal for Rubberized Asphalt Melters is consistent with the intent of the code while providing important differentiations from the more hazardous operations involving open flames and tar kettles. The language in this proposal was submitted as an amendment to the 2014 Florida Fire Prevention Code and NFPA 1 as adopted by the state of Florida. Proposing this change for the source document, NFPA 1 was encouraged by the Florida Fire Code Committee.

The request for this proposal and change has been brought about by the exponential increase in demand in Florida and throughout the United States for waterproofing products with greater efficacy for protecting structures. Billions of dollars’ in steel-reinforced concrete structural failures now exist in Miami-Dade County alone due to the failure of traditional cold-applied waterproofing materials in protecting structural elements. The need for improved deck coatings have resulted, via market demand by the design community, in the only workable solution being hot-applied rubberized asphaltic materials. Rubberized asphalt can only be melted in rubberized asphalt melters that control temperatures. There have been no roof deck failures with zero fires and zero litigation from the use of these materials and equipment on over 30 million square feet of roof decks in Florida alone.


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The request for this code change is to clearly define that melters are NOT tar kettles and must comply with a different set of fire safety provisions as proposed here. Significantly melter equipment is operated without any open flame and fully enclosed material vats. Melter equipment enables the use of advanced roof covering materials that protect the structural integrity of concrete high rise or commercial structures and especially those adjacent to salt water.


Submitter Full Name: GREGORY CAHANIN

Organization: CAHANIN FIRE & CODE CONSULTING

Affilliation: No affiliation on this proposal

Street Address:

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Public Input No. 152-NFPA 1-2015 [ Sections 18.1.3.1, 18.1.3.2 ]

Sections 18.1.3.1, 18.1.3.2

18.1.3.1 Fire Apparatus Access.

Plans for fire apparatus access roads shall be submitted to the fire department the AHJ for review andapproval prior to construction.

18.1.3.2 Fire Hydrant Systems.

Plans and specifications for fire hydrant systems shall be submitted to the fire department the AHJ forreview and approval prior to construction.


"Authority having jurisdiction"... AHJ is the property term for the regulatory body within NFPA codes and standards that is empowered to enforce the code. "AHJ" is utilized throughout the remainder of Chapter 18. The fire department may or may not be the AHJ.


Submitter Full Name: ANTHONY APFELBECK

Organization: ALTAMONTE SPRINGS BUILDING/FIRE SAFETY DIVISION

Street Address:

City:

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Traffic Signal Preemption

18.2.3.4 Traffic Signal Preemption. Where Fire Department apparatus are equipped with traffic signalpreemption devices, newly installed traffic signals shall be equipped with traffic signal preemption on allapproaches.


Traffic signal preemption improves response times and provides for safer firefighter responses by halting conflicting traffic movements. When FD units are equipped with such devices, newly installed traffic signals should also be equipped in order to ensure that the new intersections don't increase response times or contribute to a dangerous response condition.




Street Address:

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Submittal Date: Thu May 21 15:23:05 EDT 2015


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Public Input No. 153-NFPA 1-2015 [ New Section after 18.2.3.4.1.1 ]

18.2.3.4.1.1.1 One-way fire department access roads shall be permitted to have a minimum width of 12'when approved by the AHJ.


The current code provision only allows for a single 20' wide roadway with no consideration for one-way roads. A road width of 12' is appropriate for a fire department access road in some circumstances with approval by the AHJ. The 12' lane width is the preferred size as stated in the AASHTO Geometric Design of Highways and Streets.




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19.2.3.4.1.1.1 The AHJ is authorized to require a roadway width of greater than 20' when parking on the firedepartment access roadway is anticipated and would reduce the minimum width below 20'.


Parking on roadways is a typical scenario in many developments. If the roadway width is designed at 20' and parking occurs on one side of the road, a typical 8' wide car (mirror to mirror) could easily obstruct 8' of the 20' leaving a 12' travel path. If parking occurs on both sides of road, the minimum travel path could be obstructed to 10' or below in many circumstances. This code change would permit the AHJ to adjust the 20' minimum based on the anticipated parking conditions on the fire apparatus access roadway to ensure that FD access can still be provided with a parking condition.




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Public Input No. 28-NFPA 1-2015 [ Section No. 18.2.3.4.1.1 ]

18.2.3.4.1.1

Fire New fire department access roads shall have an unobstructed width of not less than 20 ft (6.1 m).

18.2.3.4.1.2

The width of existing fire department access roads shall not be reduced unless approved by the AuthorityHaving Jurisdiction.






The existing text in 18.2.3.4.1.1 applies to new and existing fire department access roads. Therefore, it infers that existing substandard fire apparatus access roads would need to be increased to a minimum with of 20ft. This appears to be an onerous requirement as it appears to previously approved roadway widths that may be less than 20 ft. This change clarifies that the intent is to apply to new access roads and that existing widths cannot be decreased unless approved by the AHJ.




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TITLE OF NEW CONTENT

Type your content here ...NFPA 1 18.2.3.1.1.1 Fire department access roads for one-way roads shall havean unobstructed width of not less than 12 ft (3.6576 m) for public, private, and parking lot drive throughareas.


Most fire apparatus bodies are designed to be 8 foot (2.4M) wide and the side view mirrors are not calculated in the unobstructed width in the code. It is my desire to include the exterior mirrors in the calculation of width to accommodate a 12 foot (3.6576 m) width for fire department access roads for one-way roads for public, private, and parking lot drive through areas. Adding this new language will ensure that fire apparatus will safely navigate through communities without slowing down responses and eliminate damage to the vehicles.


Submitter Full Name: ROBERT GROWICK

Organization: ST AUGUSTINE FIRE DEPT

Street Address:

City:

State:

Zip:

Submittal Date: Fri May 15 08:01:42 EDT 2015


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50.1.5

This chapter shall apply to temporary cooking equipment used for commercial cooking operations forspecial events.


In my city, we have a lot of special events that invite food trucks by the dozen, temporary food stands.




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TITLE OF NEW CONTENT

Add a new section 50.7 Mobile Cooking Operations.

Add a new definition as follows: Mobile or Temporary Cooking. Any cooking facility, apparatus or equipment,being operated on a one-time or interim basis, or for less than 90 days in the same location, other than at afixed location, building or structure which has been inspected and permitted under another section of thiscode, regulation or statute, inclusive of self-propelled trucks and vehicles, trailered units, push carts,equipment located under cover of awnings, canopies or pop-up tents, or other structures for which abuilding permit has not been issued.

Chapter 50.7 Mobile and Temporary Cooking Operations

50.7.1 General

50.7.1.1Mobile and temporary cooking operations shall comply with Section 50.7.1 and the applicablesection for the type of cooking being performed.

50.7.1.2 Where required by the AHJ, permits shall be required for the location, design, construction andoperation of mobile and temporary cooking operations.

50.7.1.3 Portable fire extinguishers

50.7.1.3.1 Portable fire extinguishers shall be provided per NFPA 96 for cooking operations.

50.7.1.3.2 A minimum of one 2A:10BC portable fire extinguishers shall be provided when a generator orother fuel fired appliance is used.

50.7.1.3.3 When wood or charcoal is being used a minimum of one 2A portable fire extinguisher or anapproved hose line shall be provided.

50.7.1.4 Mobile or temporary cooking operations shall be separated from buildings or structures,combustible materials, vehicle and other cooking operations by a minimum of 10 ft (3 m).

50.7.1.5 Tents

50.7.1.5.1 Mobile or temporary cooking shall not take place within tents occupied by the public.

50.7.1.5.2 Tents shall comply with NFPA 102.

50.7.1.5.3 Seating for the public shall not be located within any mobile or temporary cooking vehicle.

50.7.1.6 Mobile or temporary cooking operations shall not block fire department access roads, fire lanes,fire hydrants or other fire protection devices and equipment.

50.7.1.7 Communications. A method of communication to emergency personnel shall be accessible to allemployees.

50.7.1.8 Training

50.7.1.8.1 Prior to performing mobile or temporary cooking operations workers shall be trained inemergency response procedures including:

(a) proper use of portable fire extinguishers and extinguishing systems

(b) proper method of shutting off fuel sources

(c) proper procedure for notifying the local fire department

(d) proper refueling,

(e) how to perform leak detection

(f) fuel properties

50.7.1.8.2 Refresher training shall be provided every year.

50.7.1.8.3 Initial and refresher training shall be documented and made available to the AHJ upon request.

50.7.1.9 Internal Combustion Power Sources.

50.7.1.9.1 Electric generator and internal combustion power sources used for mobile or temporary cookingshall comply with this section.


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50.7.1.9.2 Fueling. Fuel tanks shall be of adequate capacity to permit uninterrupted operation during normaloperating hours. (1:10.15.10.1)

50.7.1.9.3 Refueling. Refueling shall be conducted only when not in use. (1:10.15.10.2)

50.7.1.9.4 Protection. Internal combustion power sources shall be isolated from contact with the public byeither physical guards, fencing, or an enclosure. (1:10.15.10.3)

50.7.1.9.5 Fueling from a container shall be permitted when the engine is shut down and engine surfacetemperature is below the autoignition temperature of the fuel.

50.7.1.9.6 Portable generators shall be positioned so that the exhaust is directed as follows:

(1) At least 5 ft (1.5 m) in any direction away from any openings or air intakes and means of egress

(2) Away from any building

(3) Away from any mobile or temporary cooking vehicle or operation.

50.7.1.10 Where applicable, electrical appliances, fixtures, equipment or wiring shall comply with NFPA 70.

50.7.1.11 Charcoal/wood burning

50.7.1.11.1 Mobile or temporary cooking operations that utilize wood or charcoals shall comply with NFPA96 Section 14.9.

50.7.1.11.2 An approved carbon monoxide detector shall be installed where mobile cooking operations areperformed in an enclosed area.

50.7.2 Mobile cooking

50.7.2.1 Mobile cooking operations and equipment shall comply with NFPA 96, 50.7.1 and this section.

50.7.2.2 LP-Gas Systems

50.7.2.2.1 Cylinders shall be secured in an upright position to prevent tipping over.

50.7.2.2.2 Gas systems on mobile cooking vehicles shall comply with NFPA 58 and this section.

50.7.2.3 Leak Detection

50.7.2.3.1 Gas systems shall be inspected prior to each use by a worker trained in accordance with 50.7.1.8training.

50.7.2.3.2 Leak detection testing shall be documented and made available to AHJ upon request.

50.7.2.3.3 Where a gas detection system has been installed it shall be tested every month.

50.7.2.3.4 Leak detection shall be performed every time a new connection or a change in cylinder is madeto any gas system.

50.7.2.4 LP-Gas Systems on Vehicles (Other Than Engine Fuel Systems).

50.7.2.4.1 * Application. Section 50.7.2.4 shall apply to the following:

(1)Nonengine fuel systems on all vehicles

(2)Installations served by exchangeable (removable) cylinder systems and by permanently mountedcontainers. (58:6.24.1)

50.7.2.4.2 Nonapplication. Section 50.7.2.4 shall not apply to the following:

(1)Systems installed on mobile homes

(2)Systems installed on recreational vehicles

(3)Cargo tank vehicles, including trailers and semitrailers, and similar units used to transport LP-Gas ascargo, which are covered by Chapter 9

(4)LP-Gas engine fuel systems on the vehicles, which are covered by Chapter 11 of NFPA 58, (58:6.24.2)


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50.7.2.4.3 Container Installation Requirements.

50.7.2.4.3.1 Containers shall comply with 50.7.2.4.3.1(A) through 50.7.2.4.3.1(D)

(A) ASME mobile containers shall be in accordance with one of the following:

(1)A MAWP of 312 psig (2.2 MPag) or higher where installed in enclosed spaces of vehicles.

(2)A MAWP of 312 psig (2.2 MPag) or higher where installed on passenger vehicles

(3)A MAWP of 250 psig (1.7 MPag) or higher for containers where installed on the exterior of nonpassengervehicles

(B) LP-Gas fuel containers used on passenger-carrying vehicles shall not exceed 200 gal (0.8 m 3 )aggregate water capacity.

(C) The capacity of individual LP-Gas containers on highway vehicles shall be in accordance with Table50.7.2.4.3.1(C) .

Table 50.7.2.4.3.1(C)

Maximum Capacities of IndividualLP-Gas Containers Installed on LP-GasHighway Vehicles

(D) Containers designed for stationary service only and not in compliance with the container appurtenanceprotection requirements of 5.2.6 of NFPA 58 shall not be used. (58:6.24.3)

50.7.2.4.3.2 ASME containers and cylinders utilized for the purposes covered by Section 50.7.2.4 shall notbe installed, transported, or stored (even temporarily) inside any vehicle covered by Section 50.7.2.4,except for ASME containers installed in accordance with 50.7.2.4.3.4(I), Chapter 9 , or DOT regulations.(58:6.24.3.2)

50.7.2.4.3.3 The LP-Gas supply system, including the containers, shall be installed either on the outside ofthe vehicle or in a recess or cabinet vaportight to the inside of the vehicle but accessible from and vented tothe outside, with the vents located near the top and bottom of the enclosure and 3 ft (1 m) horizontally awayfrom any opening into the vehicle below the level of the vents. (58:6.24.3.3)

50.7.2.4.3.4 Containers shall be mounted securely on the vehicle or within the enclosing recess or cabinet.

(A) Containers shall be installed with road clearance in accordance with 11.8.3 of NFPA 58 .

(B) Fuel containers shall be mounted to prevent jarring loose and slipping or rotating, and the fasteningsshall be designed and constructed to withstand, without permanent visible deformation, static loading inany direction equal to four times the weight of the container filled with fuel.

(C) Where containers are mounted within a vehicle housing, the securing of the housing to the vehicleshall comply with this provision. Any removable portions of the housing or cabinet shall be secured whilein transit.

(D) Field welding on containers shall be limited to attachments to nonpressure parts such as saddleplates, wear plates, or brackets applied by the container manufacturer.

(E) All container valves, appurtenances, and connections shall be protected to prevent damage fromaccidental contact with stationary objects; from loose objects, stones, mud, or ice thrown up from theground or floor; and from damage due to overturn or similar vehicular accident.


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(F) Permanently mounted ASME containers shall be located on the vehicle to provide the protectionspecified in 50.7.2.4.3.4(E).

(G) Cylinders shall have permanent protection for cylinder valves and connections.

(H) Where cylinders are located on the outside of a vehicle, weather protection shall be provided.

(I) Containers mounted on the interior of passenger-carrying vehicles shall be installed in compliancewith Section 11.9 of NFPA 58 . Pressure relief valve installations for such containers shall complywith 11.8.5 of NFPA 58 . (58:6.24.3.4)

50.7.2.4.4 Installation of Container Appurtenances.

50.7.2.4.4.1 Container appurtenances shall be installed in accordance with the following:

(1)Pressure relief valve installation on ASME containers installed in the interior of vehicles complying withSection 11.9 of NFPA 58 shall comply with 11.8.5 of NFPA 58 .

(2)Pressure relief valve installations on ASME containers installed on the outside of vehicles shall complywith 11.8.5 of NFPA 58 and 50.7.2.4.3.3.

(3)Main shutoff valves on containers for liquid and vapor shall be readily accessible.

(4)Cylinders shall be designed to be filled in either the vertical or horizontal position, or if they are theuniversal type, they are permitted to be filled in either position.

(5)All container inlets, outlets, or valves installed in container inlets or outlets, except pressure relief devicesand gauging devices, shall be labeled to designate whether they communicate with the vapor or liquidspace.

(6)Containers from which only vapor is to be withdrawn shall be installed and equipped with connections tominimize the possibility of the accidental withdrawal of liquid. (58:6.24.4.1)

50.7.2.4.4.2 Regulators shall be installed in accordance with 6.8.2 of NFPA 58 and 50.7.2.4.4.2(A)through 50.7.2.4.4.2(E).

(A) Regulators shall be installed with the pressure relief vent opening pointing vertically downward toallow for drainage of moisture collected on the diaphragm of the regulator.

(B) Regulators not installed in compartments shall be equipped with a durable cover designed to protectthe regulator vent opening from sleet, snow, freezing rain, ice, mud, and wheel spray.

(C) If vehicle-mounted regulators are installed at or below the floor level, they shall be installed in acompartment that provides protection against the weather and wheel spray.

(D) Regulator compartments shall comply with the following:

(1)The compartment shall be of sufficient size to allow tool operation for connection to and replacement ofthe regulator(s).

(2)The compartment shall be vaportight to the interior of the vehicle.

(3)The compartment shall have a 1 in. 2 (650 mm 2 ) minimum vent opening to the exterior located within 1in. (25 mm) of the bottom of the compartment.

(4)The compartment shall not contain flame or spark-producing equipment.

(E) A regulator vent outlet shall be at least 2 in. (51 mm) above the compartment vent opening.(58:6.24.4.2)

50.7.2.4.5 Piping.

50.7.2.4.5.1 Piping shall be installed in accordance with 6.9.3 of NFPA 58 and 50.7.2.4.5.1(A) through50.7.2.4.5.1(M).

(A) Steel tubing shall have a minimum wall thickness of 0.049 in. (1.2 mm).


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(B) A flexible connector shall be installed between the regulator outlet and the fixed piping system toprotect against expansion, contraction, jarring, and vibration strains.

(C) Flexibility shall be provided in the piping between a cylinder and the gas piping system or regulator.

(D) Flexible connectors shall be installed in accordance with 6.9.6 of NFPA 58 .

(E) Flexible connectors longer than the length allowed in the code, or fuel lines that incorporate hose,shall be used only where approved.

(F) The fixed piping system shall be designed, installed, supported, and secured to minimize thepossibility of damage due to vibration, strains, or wear and to preclude any loosening while in transit.

(G) Piping shall be installed in a protected location.

(H) Where piping is installed outside the vehicle, it shall be installed as follows:

(1)Piping shall be under the vehicle and below any insulation or false bottom.

(2)Fastening or other protection shall be installed to prevent damage due to vibration or abrasion.

(3)At each point where piping passes through sheet metal or a structural member, a rubber grommet orequivalent protection shall be installed to prevent chafing.

(I) Gas piping shall be installed to enter the vehicle through the floor directly beneath or adjacent to theappliance served.

(J) If a branch line is installed, the tee connection shall be located in the main gas line under the floor andoutside the vehicle.

(K) Exposed parts of the fixed piping system either shall be of corrosion-resistant material or shall becoated or protected to minimize exterior corrosion.

(L) Hydrostatic relief valves shall be installed in isolated sections of liquid piping as provided in Section6.13 of NFPA 58 .

(M) Piping systems, including hose, shall be pressure tested and proven free of leaks in accordance withSection 6.14 of NFPA 58 . (58:6.24.5.1)

50.7.2.4.5.2 There shall be no fuel connection between a tractor and trailer or other vehicle units.(58:6.24.5.2)

50.7.2.4.6 Equipment Installation. Equipment shall be installed in accordance with Section 6.18 ofNFPA 58 , 50.7.2.4.6.1, and 50.7.2.4.6.2. (58:6.24.6)

50.7.2.4.6.1 Installation shall be made in accordance with the manufacturer's recommendations and, in thecase of approved equipment, as provided in the approval. (58:6.24.6.1)

50.7.2.4.6.2 Equipment installed on vehicles shall be protected against vehicular damage as provided forcontainer appurtenances and connections in 50.7.2.4.3.4(E). (58:6.24.6.2)

50.7.2.4.7 Appliance Installation on Vehicles.

50.7.2.4.7.1 Subsection 50.7.2.4.7 shall apply to the installation of all appliances on vehicles. It shall notapply to engines. (58:6.24.7.1)

50.7.2.4.7.2 All appliances covered by 50.7.2.4.7 installed on vehicles shall be approved. (58:6.24.7.2)

50.7.2.4.7.3 Where the device or appliance, such as a cargo heater or cooler, is designed to be inoperation while the vehicle is in transit, means, such as an excess-flow valve, to stop the flow of gas in the


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event of a line break shall be installed. (58:6.24.7.3)

50.7.2.4.7.4 Gas-fired heating appliances shall be equipped with shutoffs in accordance with 5.20.7(A) ofNFPA 58 , except for portable heaters used with cylinders having a maximum water capacity of 2.7 lb (1.2kg), portable torches, melting pots, and tar kettles. (58:6.24.7.4)

50.7.2.4.7.5 Gas-fired heating appliances, other than ranges and illuminating appliances installed onvehicles intended for human occupancy, shall be designed or installed to provide for a complete separationof the combustion system from the atmosphere inside the vehicle. (58:6.24.7.5)

50.7.2.4.7.6 * Where unvented-type heaters that are designed to protect cargo are used on vehicles notintended for human occupancy, provisions shall be made to provide air from the outside for combustion anddispose of the products of combustion to the outside. (58:6.24.7.6)

50.7.2.4.7.7 Appliances installed in the cargo space of a vehicle shall be readily accessible whether thevehicle is loaded or empty. (58:6.24.7.7)

50.7.2.4.7.8 Appliances shall be constructed or otherwise protected to minimize possible damage orimpaired operation due to cargo shifting or handling. (58:6.24.7.8)

50.7.2.4.7.9 Appliances shall be located so that a fire at any appliance will not block egress of personsfrom the vehicle. (58:6.24.7.9)

50.7.2.4.7.10 A permanent caution plate shall be affixed to either the appliance or the vehicle outside ofany enclosure, shall be adjacent to the container(s), and shall include the following instructions:

CAUTION:

(1)Be sure all appliance valves are closed before opening container valve.

(2)Connections at the appliances, regulators, and containers shall be checked periodically for leaks withsoapy water or its equivalent.

(3)Never use a match or flame to check for leaks.

(4)Container valves shall be closed when equipment is not in use. (58:6.24.7.10)

50.7.2.4.7.11 Gas-fired heating appliances and water heaters shall be equipped with automatic devicesdesigned to shut off the flow of gas to the main burner and the pilot in the event the pilot flame isextinguished. (58:6.24.7.11)

50.7.2.4.8 General Precautions.

50.7.2.4.8.1 Mobile units including mobile kitchens and catering vehicles that contain hot plates and othercooking equipment shall be provided with at least one approved portable fire extinguisher rated inaccordance with NFPA 10 , Standard for Portable Fire Extinguishers , at not less than 10-B:C.(58:6.24.7.8.1)

50.7.2.4.8.2 Where fire extinguishers have more than one letter classification, they shall be considered asmeeting the requirements of each letter class. (58:6.24.7.8.2)

50.7.2.4.9 Parking, Servicing, and Repair.

50.7.2.4.9.1 Where vehicles with LP-Gas fuel systems used for purposes other than propulsion are parked,serviced, or repaired inside buildings, the requirements of 50.7.2.4.9.2 through 50.7.2.4.9.4 shall apply.(58:6.24.7.9.1)

50.7.2.4.9.2 The fuel system shall be leak-free, and the container(s) shall not be filled beyond the limitsspecified in Chapter 7 of NFPA 58 . (58:6.24.9.2)


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50.7.2.4.9.3 The container shutoff valve shall be closed, except that the container shutoff valve shall not berequired to be closed when fuel is required for test or repair. (58:6.24.9.3)

50.7.2.4.9.4 The vehicle shall not be parked near sources of heat, open flames, or similar sources ofignition, or near unventilated pits. (58:6.24.9.4)

50.7.2.4.9.5 Vehicles having containers with water capacities larger than 300 gal (1.1 m 3 ) shall complywith the requirements of Section 9.7 of NFPA 58 . (58:6.24.9.5)

50.7.2.4.10 * Containers shall be designed, fabricated, tested, and marked (or stamped) in accordancewith the regulations of the U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT); the ASME Code , Section VIII, “Rulesfor the Construction of Unfired Pressure Vessels”; or the API-ASME Code for Unfired Pressure Vessels forPetroleum Liquids and Gases , except for UG-125 through UG-136.

(A) Used containers constructed to specifications of the Association of American Railroads shall not beinstalled.

(B) Adherence to applicable ASME Code case interpretations and addenda that have been adopted andpublished by ASME 180 calendar days prior to the effective date of this code shall be considered ascompliant with the ASME Code.

(C) Where containers fabricated to earlier editions of regulations, rules, or codes listed in 5.2.1.1 ofNFPA 58 , and of the Interstate Commerce Commission (ICC) Rules for Construction of Unfired PressureVessels , prior to April 1, 1967, are used, the requirements of Section 1.4 of NFPA 58 shall apply.(58:5.2.1.1)

50.7.2.4.10.1 Containers that show excessive denting, bulging, gouging, or corrosion shall be removed fromservice. (58:5.2.1.4)

50.7.2.4.11 Where a hose or swivel-type piping is used for liquid transfer, it shall be protected as follows:

(1)An emergency shutoff valve shall be installed at the railroad tank car end of the hose or swivel-typepiping where flow into or out of the railroad tank car is possible.

(2)An emergency shutoff valve or a backflow check valve shall be installed on the railroad tank car end ofthe hose or swivel-type piping where flow is only into the railroad tank car.

(3) * Where a facility hose is used at a LP-Gas bulk plant or industrial plant to transfer LP-Gas liquid from acargo tank vehicle in non-metered service to a bulk plant or industrial plant, the facility hose or the facilityshall be equipped with an emergency discharge control system that provides a means to shut down the flowof LP-Gas caused by the complete separation of the facility hose within 20 seconds and without the needfor human intervention. (58:6.19.2.6)

50.7.2.4.11.1 After installation or modification, piping systems (including hose) shall be proven free of leaksby performing a pressure test at not less than the normal operating pressure. (58:6.14.1.1)

50.7.2.4.12 General Location of Cylinders.

50.7.2.4.12.1 Cylinders in storage shall be located to minimize exposure to excessive temperature rises,physical damage, or tampering. (58:8.2.1.1)

50.7.2.4.12.2 Cylinders in storage having individual water capacity greater than 2.7 lb (1.1 kg) [nominal 1lb (0.45 kg) LP-Gas capacity] shall be positioned so that the pressure relief valve is in directcommunication with the vapor space of the cylinder. (58:8.2.1.2)

50.7.2.4.12.3 Cylinders stored in buildings in accordance with Section 8.3 of NFPA 58 shall not belocated near exits, near stairways, or in areas normally used, or intended to be used, for the safe egress ofoccupants. (58:8.2.1.3)

50.7.2.4.12.4 If empty cylinders that have been in LP-Gas service are stored indoors, they shall be


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considered as full cylinders for the purposes of determining the maximum quantities of LP-Gas permittedby 8.3.1 , 8.3.2.1 , and 8.3.3.1 of NFPA 58 . (58:8.2.1.4)

50.7.2.4.12.5 Cylinders shall not be stored on roofs. (58:8.2.1.5)

50.7.2.4.13 Protection of Valves on Cylinders in Storage.

50.7.2.4.13.1 Cylinder valves shall be protected as required by 5.2.6.1 and 7.2.2.5 of NFPA 58 .(58:8.2.2.1)

50.7.2.4.13.2 Screw-on-type caps or collars shall be in place on all cylinders stored, regardless of whetherthey are full, partially full, or empty, and cylinder outlet valves shall be closed. (58:8.2.2.2)

50.7.2.4.13.3 Valve outlets on cylinders less than 108 lb (49 kg) water capacity [nominal 45 lb (20 kg)propane capacity] shall be plugged, capped, or sealed in accordance with 7.2.2.5 of NFPA 58 .(58:8.2.2.3)

50.7.2.4.14 Transportation of Cylinders.

50.7.2.4.14. 1 Cylinders having an individual water capacity not exceeding 1000 lb (454 kg) [nominal420 lb (191 kg) propane capacity], when filled with LP-Gas, shall be transported in accordance with therequirements of Section 9.3 of NFPA 58 . (58:9.3.2.1)

50.7.2.4.14 .2 Cylinders shall be constructed as provided in Section 5.2 of NFPA 58 and equipped inaccordance with Section 5.7 of NFPA 58 for transportation as cylinders. (58:9.3.2.2)

50.7.2.4.14 .3 The quantity of LP-Gas in cylinders shall be in accordance with Chapter 7 of NFPA58 . (58:9.3.2.3)

50.7.2.4.14 .4 Cylinder valves shall comply with the following:

(1)Valves of cylinders shall be protected in accordance with 5.2.6.1 of NFPA 58 .

(2)Screw-on-type protecting caps or collars shall be secured in place.

(3)The provisions of 7.2.2.5 of NFPA 58 shall apply. (58:9.3.2.4)

50.7.2.4.14 .5 The cargo space of the vehicle shall be isolated from the driver's compartment, theengine, and the engine's exhaust system.

(A) Open-bodied vehicles shall be considered to be in compliance with this provision.

(B) Closed-bodied vehicles having separate cargo, driver, and engine compartments shall beconsidered to be in compliance with this provision.

(C) Closed-bodied vehicles, such as passenger cars, vans, and station wagons, shall not be usedfor transporting more than 215 lb (98 kg) water capacity [nominal 90 lb (41 kg) propane capacity], butnot more than 108 lb (49 kg) water capacity [nominal 45 lb (20 kg) propane capacity] per cylinder,unless the driver and engine compartments are separated from the cargo space by a vaportightpartition that contains no means of access to the cargo space. (58:9.3.2.5)


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50.7.2.4.14 .6 Cylinders and their appurtenances shall be determined to be leak-free beforebeing loaded into vehicles. (58:9.3.2.6)

50.7.2.4.14 .7 Cylinders shall be loaded into vehicles with flat floors or equipped with racks forholding cylinders. (58:9.3.2.7)

50.7.2.4.14 .8 Cylinders shall be fastened in position to minimize the possibility of movement,tipping, and physical damage. (58:9.3.2.8)

50.7.2.4.14 .9 Cylinders being transported by vehicles shall be positioned in accordance withTable 50.7.2.4.14.9 . (58:9.3.2.9)

View Large

50.7.2.4.14 .10 Vehicles transporting cylinders where the total weight is more than 1000 lb (454 kg),including the weight of the LP-Gas and the cylinders, shall be placarded as required by DOT regulations orstate law. (58:9.3.2.10)

50.7.3 Temporary Cooking

50.7.3.1 Temporary cooking operations and equipment shall comply with NFPA 96, 50.7.1 and this section.

50.7.3.2 Temporary cooking equipment and installations shall comply with NFPA 58.

50.7.3.3 Deep fat fryers, fry-o-laters, or other appliances having combustible liquids heated by LP Gas, solidfuels or electricity shall be protected by an approved hood fire suppression system, or other approvedmeans of extinguishment in the event of fire.

Substantiation: IFMA developed a Task Group to look into mobile and temporary cooking operations afterrecent events involving them along with what seems to be a lack of regulation for the increasing number ofunits. Currently there is no one place to find all the requirements for mobile and temporary cookingoperations this proposal brings requirement from NFPA 1 and 58 to aid the user of the document. Theremaining text brings in common requirements for an operation i.e. permits, portable fire extinguishers,training and other.

Type your content here ...



IFMA_TG_Mobile_Cooking-1.docx


IFMA developed a Task Group to look into mobile and temporary cooking operations after recent events involving them along with what seems to be a lack of regulation for the increasing number of units. Currently there is no one place to find all the requirements for mobile and temporary cooking operations this proposal brings requirement from NFPA 1 and 58 to aid the user of the document. The remaining text brings in common requirements for an operation i.e. permits, portable fire extinguishers, training and other.


Submitter Full Name: BILL GALLOWAY

Organization: WEST FLORENCE FIRE RESCUE

Affilliation: IFMA Mobile Cooking Task Group


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Submittal Date: Tue May 12 19:57:47 EDT 2015


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Consumer Fireworks

65.10 Use. The use of consumer fireworks by the public, shall be prohibited.


The hazards of consumers utilizing consumer fireworks is clear. From NFPA's Research Division:

In 2011, 9,600 fireworks-related injuries were treated in U.S. hospital emergency rooms.

The trend in fireworks-related injuries has been mostly in the range of 8,500 to 9,800 since 1997, except for spikes in 2000, primarily due to celebrations around the advent of a new millennium, and in 2004, and a sharp drop in 2008. Injuries were higher in 1985-1995 than in 1997 and later years.

One-quarter (26%) of the victims of fireworks injuries in 2011 were under age 15. In an atypical year, the highest rates of injuries per million population applied to a wide range of ages, including children aged 5 to 19 and adults aged 25 to 44. Males accounted for two-thirds (68%) of fireworks injuries.

Three of five (61%) fireworks injuries in 2011 were to extremities – hand or finger (46%), leg (11%), and arm, shoulder, or wrist (4%). Most of the rest (34% of total) were to parts of the head, including the eye (17% of total).

In 2011, eight out of nine (89%) emergency room fireworks injuries involved fireworks that Federal regulations permit consumers to use. Sparklers, fountains, and novelties alone accounted for one-third (34%) of emergency room fireworks injuries.

While some states may choose to permit consumers to use consumer fireworks, the NFPA model code should clearly state the position that consumer fireworks should not be used due to their documented fire, life safety and property hazard. If a state or local jurisdiction chooses to modify the model code to permit the use of this product, they can.

Contributing to this problem is that the Standards Council decision regarding the blanket repeal of consumer fireworks provisions in NFPA Codes and Standards deregulated the sale of consumer fireworks in such states and localities that have NFPA code and standards adopted. Nowhere in the NFPA Code and Standards does it prohibit the sale of consumer fireworks nor is there any regulation regard the sale now. This deregulation will only encourage greater use of this product.




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Consumer Fireworks

65.10 Retail Sale. The retail sale of consumer fireworks, including their storage and displayfor sale of such fireworks, shall be designed to a performance-based design and comply withChapter 5, Performance Based Design.


The Standards Council decision, regarding the blanket repeal of consumer fireworks provisions in NFPA Codes and Standards, deregulated the sale of consumer fireworks in such states and localities that have NFPA code and standards adopted. Nowhere in the NFPA Code and Standards does it prohibit the sale of consumer fireworks. With the Standards Council decision, consumer fireworks can still be sold and be in full compliance with NFPA Codes and Standards as they would be a mercantile occupancy under 101 and NFPA 1. The only thing that has occurred as a result of the Standards Council decision was the repeal of any consumer fireworks safety provisions creating a deregulated environment for this product.

This proposal would address the gap that has been created by the repeal of the consumer fireworks provision by clarifying that, since there are no technical provisions to regulate the sale of consumer fireworks in a safe manner, such sale should only occur as a performance based design under Chapter 5 of NFPA 1. Without this provision in the code, this Standards Council's action in deregulating consumer fireworks permits these materials to be stored and sold in any arrangement or configuration and still be code compliant under the NFPA Codes and Standards. Without this provisions requiring a performance based design for these facilities or a blanket prohibition in the code, the Standards Council action actually creates an environment that encourages a blatantly unsafe condition to be created in any occupancy without the AHJ being able to address the obvious hazard in any manner.




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Consumer Fireworks

65.10 Retail Sale. The retail sale of consumer fireworks, including their storage and display for sale ofsuch fireworks, shall be prohibited.


The Standards Council decision, regarding the blanket repeal of consumer fireworks provisions in NFPA Codes and Standards, deregulated the sale of consumer fireworks in such states and localities that have NFPA code and standards adopted. Nowhere in the NFPA Code and Standards does it prohibit the sale of consumer fireworks. With the Standards Council decision, consumer fireworks can still be sold and be in full compliance with NFPA Codes and Standards as they would be a mercantile occupancy under 101 and NFPA 1. The only thing that has occurred as a result of the Standards Council decision was the repeal of any consumer fireworks safety provisions creating a deregulated environment for this product.

This proposal would address the gap that has been created by the repeal of the consumer fireworks provision by clarifying that, since there are no technical provisions to regulate the sale of consumer fireworks in a safe manner, such sale should be prohibited until the gap of safety provisions has been filled by the promulgation of new consumer fireworks provisions. Without this provision in the code, this Standards Council's action in deregulating consumer fireworks permits these materials to be stored and sold in any arrangement or configuration and still be code compliant under the NFPA Codes and Standards. Without this prohibition in the code, the Standards Council action actually creates an environment that encourages a blatantly unsafe condition to be created in any occupancy without the AHJ being able to address the obvious hazard in any manner.



Public Input No. 6-NFPA 1-2015 [New Section after 3.3.68]




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69.3.11.1.4

Placement of patio heaters shall be approved by the AHJ


As a Fire Marshal, I often find the heaters are placed too close to fire sprinklers, near exits, or in areas to narrow to safely pass when walking. Having a code section to enforce would be great.




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Public Input No. 133-NFPA 1-2015 [ New Section after A.18.2.3.1.3 ]

A.18.2.3.3 Access roads that are below the 100 year base flood elevation and roadways that could beblocked by frequent rail traffic are two type of conditions that could limit access in an emergency andwarrant an additional access roadway. Requiring additional access roads based on congestion should bebased on a traffic impact analysis of the proposed development. This type of analysis is typically conductedby a transportation/traffic engineer and occurs at the cost of the developer. The code avoids establishing aspecific threshold mandating multiple-access roads as the potential congestion conditions are so variablethat prescriptive language is not justified. The AHJ has the authority to require a study of the trafficconditions resulting from a development and the subsequent need for additional access via section 1.15 ofthe code.


Questions frequently come up regarding how an AHJ should determine when multiple fire apparatus roads are required under this section. This annex material provides guidance to the common situations of flood, rail traffic and congestion.




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Public Input No. 29-NFPA 1-2015 [ New Section after A.18.2.3.1.3 ]

A.18.2.3.2.2.1 The word throughout as used in this section means sprinkled in accordance with the specificreferenced document such as 13D and 13R.






The word throughout means, “in every part or everywhere in”, however in this section it is “assumed” that throughout means in accordance with the specific document referenced.




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Public Input No. 12-NFPA 1-2015 [ Section No. F.1.2 ]

F.1.2 Other Publications.

F.1.2.1 AIChE Publications.

American Institute of Chemical Engineers, Three Park Avenue, 120 Wall Street, FL 23 , New York, NY10016 10005 - 5991 4020 .

Guidelines for Safe Warehousing of Chemicals, 1998.

Guidelines for Pressure Relief and Effluent Handling Systems, 1998.

Testing the Suitability of FIBCs for Use in Flammable Atmospheres.

F.1.2.2 ANSI Publications.

American National Standards Institute, Inc., 25 West 43rd Street, 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036.

ICC/ANSI A117.1, American National Standard for Accessible and Usable Buildings and Facilities, 2009.

ANSI Z400.1 / CMA Z129.1. American National Standard for Hazardous Industrial , HazardousWorkplace Chemicals - Precautionary Labeling, 2006 Hazard Evaluation and Safety Data Sheet andPrecautionary Labelling Preparation, 2010 .

ANSI/ FM Approval 4950, Evaluating Welding Pads, Welding Blankets and Welding Curtains for Hot WorkOperations, 2007.

ANSI/AIHA ASSE Z9.7, Recirculation of Air from Industrial Process Exhaust Systems, 2007.

ANSI/ISA 12.02.01, Electrical Apparatus for use in Class I, Zones 0, 1 & 2 Hazardous (Classified) Locations- Intrinsic Safety, 2002. (Superseded by ISA 60079-11, Explosive Atmospheres - Part 11: EquipmentProtection By Intrinsic Safety "I", 2014

ANSI/ISA 61241-0 , (12.10.02), Electrical Apparatus for Use in Zone 20, Zone 21 and Zone 22 Hazardous(Classified) Locations - General Requirements, 2006, Reaffirmed 2011 .

ANSI Z83.11, Gas Food Service Equipment, 2006 2009 .

F.1.2.3 API Publications.

American Petroleum Institute, 1220 L Street NW, Washington, DC 20005-4070.

“An Engineering Analysis of the Effects of Oxygenated Fuels on Marketing Vapor Recovery Equipment.”

API RP 12R1, Recommended Practice For Setting, Maintenance, Inspection, Operation, and AndRepair of Of Tanks in In Production Service , 5th edition, 1997, Reaffirmed 2008 .

API STD 620, Recommended Rules for the Design and Construction of Large, Welded, Low-PressureStorage Tanks , 11th Edition, 2012.API Standard 12th edition, 2013, Amendment 1, 2014 .

API STD 650, Welded Steel Tanks for Oil Storage, 11th Edition, 2011 12th edition , 2013, Errata, 2014 .

API STD 653, Tank Inspection, Repair, Alteration, and Reconstruction, 4th 5 th edition, 2012 2014 .

API 1501, Filtration and Dehydration of Aviation Fuels, 1st Edition, 1965.API RP 1615, Installation ofUnderground Petroleum Storage Systems, 6th Edition, 2011

API 2015 STD 2015 , Cleaning Petroleum Storage Tanks,6th Edition, reaffirmed 2016 7th edition, 2014 .

API STD 2218, Fireproofing Practices in Petroleum and Petrochemical Processing Plants, 2ndEdition 3rd edition , 1999 2013 .

API STD 2350, Overfill Protection for Storage Tanks in Petroleum Facilities, 4th Edition, 2012.

API RP 1621, Bulk Liquid Stock Control at Retail Outlets, 2001 1993, Reaffirmed 2012 .

API API RP 2003, Protection Against Ignition Arising Out of Static, Lightning, and Stray Currents, 7thEdition, 2008.


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F.1.2.4 ASHRAE Publications.

American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air Conditioning Engineers, Inc., 1791 Tullie Circle, NE,Atlanta, GA 30329-2305.

ANSI/ ASHRAE 34, Designation and Safety Classification of Refrigerants, 2010. (Superseded byASHRAE STD 15 & 34, Safety Standard for Refrigeration Systems, 13th edition, 2013, Errata, 2015.This is a combined standard.)

F.1.2.5 ASME Publications.

American Society of Mechanical Engineers ASME International , Two Park Avenue, New York, NY10016-5990.

Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code (BPVC), 2015 .

ASME A17.1/CSA B44, Safety Code for Elevators and Escalators, 2007 2013 .

ANSI/ ASME B31.8, Gas Transmission and Distribution Piping Systems, 2010 2014 .


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F.1.2.6 ASTM Publications.


ASTM Manual on Flash Point Standards and Their Use.

ASTM A380/A380M, Standard Practice for Cleaning, Descaling, and Passivation of Stainless Steel Parts,Equipment, and Systems, 2013.

ASTM D 2859 D2859 , Standard Test Method for Ignition Characteristics of Finished Textile Floor CoveringMaterials, 2006, (2011).

ASTM D 4206 D4206 , Standard Test Method for Sustained Burning of Liquid Mixtures using theSmall-Scale Open Cup Apparatus, 1996 (2007) , revised 2013 .

ASTM D 4207 D4207 , Standard Test Method for Sustained Burning of Low Viscosity Liquid Mixtures by theWick Test, withdrawn, last edition 1991.

ASTM D 6469 D6469 , Standard Guide for Microbial Contamination in Fuels and Fuel Systems, 20122014 .

ASTM E 84 E84 , Standard Test Method of Surface Burning Characteristics of Building Materials, 20132015 .

ASTM E 119 E119 , Standard Test Methods for Fire Tests of Building Construction and Materials, 2012a2014 .

ASTM E 502 E502 , Standard Test Method for Selection and Use of ASTM Standards for the Determinationof Flash Point of Chemicals by Closed Cup Methods, 2007e1 2007, Reapproved 2013 .

ASTM E 814 E814 , Standard Test Method for Fire Tests of Through Penetration Fire Stops, 2011a 2013a .

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Compressed Gas Association, 14501 George Carter Way, Suite 103, Chantilly, VA 20151.

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CGA C-6.1, Standards for Visual Inspection of High Pressure Aluminum Compressed Gas Cylinders, 20066th edition, 2013 .

CGA C-6.2, Guidelines for Visual Inspection and Requalification of Fiber Reinforced High PressureCylinders, 2009 7th edition, 2013 .

CGA C-10, Recommended Procedures for Changes of Gas Service for Compressed Gas Cylinders,2005 5th edition, 2013 .

F.1.2.10 CSFM Publications.

California State Fire Marshal Publications, Office of the State Fire Marshal, 1131 S Street, Sacramento, CA95811.

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F.1.2.11 FAA Publications.

Federal Aviation Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation, 800 Independence Avenue, SW,Washington, DC 20591.

FAA A/C FAA AC 150/5390-2B 2C , Heliport Design, 2004 2012 .

F.1.2.12 ICAO Publications.

International Civil Aviation Organization, Document Sales Unit, 999 University Street, Montréal, Quebec,Canada, H3C 5H7. [email protected]

Technical Publications.

F.1.2.13 IEC Publications.

International Electrotechnical Commission, 3, rue de Varembé, P.O. Box 131, CH-1211 Geneva 20,Switzerland.

IEC 61340-4-4, Electrostatics—Part 4-4: Standard Test Methods for Specific Applications — ElectrostaticClassification of Flexible Intermediate Bulk Containers (FIBC), 2005 2015 .

F.1.2.14 IMO Publications.

International Maritime Organization, 4 Albert Embankment, London SE1 7SR, U.K., [email protected].

IM Dangerous Goods Code, 2007.

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International Organization for Standardization 1, ch. de la Voie-Creuse, case postale 56, CH-1211 Geneva20, , Central Secretariat, BIBC II, 8 , Chemin de Blandonnet , C ase P ostale 401 , 1214Vernier, Geneva, Switzerland.

ISO 8115, Cotton Bales — Dimensions and Density, 1986.

F.1.2.16 PEI Publications.

Petroleum Equipment Institute, P.O. Box 2380, Tulsa, OK 74101-2380.

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PEI RP200, Recommended Practices for Installation of Aboveground Storage Systems for Motor VehicleFueling, 2008.

F.1.2.17 Scott Air Liquide America Specialty Gases Publications.

Scott Air Liquide America Specialty Gases , 6141 Easton Road, Box 310, Plumsteadville, PA18949 LLC, 2700 Post Oak Boulevard, Suite 1800, Houston, TX 77056 .

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Bureau of Home Furnishings and Thermal Insulation, 3485 Orange Grove Avenue, North Highlands, CA95660-5595.

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F.1.2.19 STI Publications.

Steel Tank Institute, 570 Oakwood Road, Lake Zurich, IL 60047.

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STI RP R 892-91 , Recommended Practice for Corrosion Protection of Underground Piping NetworksAssociated with Liquid Storage and Dispensing Systems , 2006 .

STI RP 1632, Cathodic Protection of Underground Petroleum Storage and Piping Systems.

STI SP001, Standard for Inspection of Aboveground Storage Tanks , 2011.

STI R 931 R931 , Double Wall AST Installation and Testing Instructions , 2014 .

STI RP R011, Recommended Practice for Anchoring of Steel Underground Storage Tanks Gen-TankInstallation Instructions, 2014 .

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Underwriters Laboratories Inc., 333 Pfingsten Road, Northbrook, IL 60062-2096.

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ANSI/ UL 142, Standard for Steel Aboveground Tanks for Flammable and Combustible Liquids, 2006,revised 2010 2014 .

ANSI/ UL 197, Standard for Commercial Electric Cooking Appliances, 2010, Revised 2014 .

ANSI/ UL 199, Standard for Automatic Sprinklers for Fire-Protection Service, 2005, revised 2008 2013 .

ANSI/ UL 263, Standard for Fire Tests of Building Construction and Materials, 2003 2011 , revised2011 Revised 2014 .

ANSI/ UL 296A, Standard for Waste Oil-Burning Air-Heating Appliances, 2010 1995, Revised 2013 .

ANSI/ UL 299, Dry Chemical Fire Extinguishers, 2002, revised 2009 2012 .

ANSI/ UL 300, Fire Testing of Fire Extinguishing Systems for Protection of Commercial Cooking Equipment,2005, revised 2010 2014 .

ANSI/ UL 711, Standard for Rating and Fire Testing of Fire Extinguishers, 2004, revised 2009 2013 .

ANSI/ UL 723, Standard for Test for Surface Burning Characteristics of Building Materials, 2008, revised2010 2013 .

ANSI/ UL 737, Standard for Fireplace Stoves, 2011.

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ANSI/ UL 913, Standard for Intrinsically Safe Apparatus and Associated Apparatus for Use in Class I, II,and III Division 1, Hazardous (Classified) Locations, 2006, revised 2011 2013 .

ANSI/ UL 923, Standard for Microwave Cooking Appliances, 2008 2013 .

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ANSI/ UL 1313, Nonmetallic Safety Cans for Petroleum Products, 1993, revised 2007 2012 .

ANSI/ UL 1479, Standard for Fire Tests of Through-Penetration Firestops, 2003, revised 2010 2012 .

ANSI/ UL 1709, Standard for Rapid Rise Fire Tests of Protection Materials for Structural Steel, 2011.

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Referenced current SDO names, addresses, standards and years.



Public Input No. 10-NFPA 1-2015 [SectionNo. 2.3]

Referenced current SDO names, addresses, standards andyears.


87 of 88 5/26/2015 8:48 AMPage 124 of 208

Public Input No. 13-NFPA 1-2015 [GlobalInput]




Street Address:

City:

State:

Zip:



88 of 88 5/26/2015 8:48 AMPage 125 of 208

NFPA 1/NFPA 5000 EMERGENCY COMMAND CENTER SIZE CRITERIA

NFPA 1

11.9.3 The emergency command center room shall be a minimum of 96 ft2 (8.9 m2) with a minimum dimension of 8 ft (2.4 m). NFPA 5000

33.3.5.3 The emergency command center room shall be a minimum of 200 ft2 (19 m2) with a minimum dimension of 10 ft (3050 mm).

Page 126 of 208

5/26/2015 Mother, Daughter Die From Injuries After Feltonville Food Truck Explosion « CBS Philly

http://philadelphia.cbslocal.com/2014/07/23/motherdaughterdiefrominjuriesafterfoodtruckexplosioninfeltonville/ 1/4

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Local

Mother, Daughter Die From Injuries AfterFeltonville Food Truck ExplosionJuly 23, 2014 11:45 PM

Related Tags: Daughter, Feltonville, Food Truck Explosion, Mother

PHILADELPHIA (CBS) — A mother and daughter critically injured after a food truck explodedearlier this month in Feltonville have died, family confirmed to CBS 3.

The incident was captured on surveillance video at 3rd Street and Wyoming Avenue on Tuesday,July 1.

Eyewitness News has just learned 42yearold Olga Galdamez succumbed to her injuries onSunday and 17yearold Jaylin Landaverry passed away on Tuesday. Family members tell CBS 3funeral services are set for Friday and their bodies will be flown to Guatemala for burial.

An investigation revealed two 100 pound propane tanks were being used to supply grills inside thelunch truck. Only one tank was being at the time, although both were full.

Police say witnesses reported smelling propane prior to the explosion and authorities believe asignificant leak occurred in the unused tank.

A propane vapor cloud then enveloped the truck finding a fire source at the grill, causing a fireballto encase the entire street.

The tank that exploded was later found in a yard on 4th Street.

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Proposal

Title

EVALUATION OF DRAFTSTOPPING WITHIN TYPE V

COMBUSTIBLE CONCEALED ATTIC SPACES

Proposal

Title

Prepared for:

Florida Building Commission

and

The University of Florida

PO Box 67100

Harrisburg, PA 17106-7100

Prepared by:

Koffel Associates, Inc.

8815 Centre Park Drive, Suite 200

Columbia, MD 21045-2107

U013-01

Final Report – July 10, 2014

Page 128 of 208

i

TABLE OF CONTENTS

PAGE

1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ...................................................................................................... 2 2. PROJECT SCOPE .................................................................................................................... 2

2.1 Special Consideration ....................................................................................................... 2 3. CODE REFERENCES.............................................................................................................. 3 4. LITERATURE REVIEW ......................................................................................................... 3

4.1 Current Code Requirements ............................................................................................. 3 4.2 Penetrations and Joints ..................................................................................................... 4 4.3 Sprinkler Protection .......................................................................................................... 4 4.4 Pedestal Buildings ............................................................................................................ 5 4.5 Legacy Code History ........................................................................................................ 6 4.6 Non-IBC Approaches ....................................................................................................... 8

4.7 Technical Materials .......................................................................................................... 9 4.8 Incident Data .................................................................................................................. 10 4.9 Firefighting ..................................................................................................................... 11

5. FIELD ASSESSMENT ........................................................................................................... 12 5.1 Overview ........................................................................................................................ 12 5.2 Observations for Type V Construction ........................................................................... 12 5.3 Observations for Other Construction Types ................................................................... 13

6. DISCUSSION ......................................................................................................................... 14 6.1 Literature Review ........................................................................................................... 14 6.2 Field Investigation .......................................................................................................... 15 6.3 Summary ......................................................................................................................... 16

7. GAP ASSESSMENT .............................................................................................................. 16

8. CONCLUSION ....................................................................................................................... 17

APPENDICES

A – Copies of Legacy Codes…………………………………………………………………….A1

B – Florida Attic Fire Incident Data for Multifamily Dwellings…………………………….….B1

C – NFPA Attic Fire Report….………………………………………………….………………C1

D – Survey Summary Table….………………………………………………….………………D1

E – Pictures….………………………………………………….………………………..………E1

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EVALUATION OF DRAFTSTOPPING

WITHIN TYPE V

COMBUSTIBLE CONCEALED ATTIC SPACES

1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

The University of Florida has contracted Koffel Associates, Inc., on behalf of the Florida

Building Commission, to evaluate attic draftstopping for the State of Florida in relation to the

International Building Code (IBC). This evaluation will focus on the applicable code

requirements, installation practices, and firefighting provisions.

This version of the report is for a pre-final submission on June 2, 2014. This report is now 100%

complete.

2. PROJECT SCOPE

The scope of this project is to evaluate draftstopping in concealed combustible attic spaces.

Draftstopping is required in concealed spaces in Type V (combustible) construction to subdivide

attic spaces. Draftstopping (draftstop) is defined by the International Building Code as: “a

material, device or construction installed to restrict the movement of air within open spaces of

concealed areas of building components such as crawl spaces, floor/ceiling assemblies,

roof/ceiling assemblies and attics.”

The primary focus of the evaluation will be Group R-2 (apartments). Requirements pertaining to

Group R-1 (hotels) and other use groups will also be discussed. When of Type V construction,

Group R-2 buildings are typically limited to two to five stories in height depending on the type

of construction.

The evaluation will consist of three components, which include a literature review, field

assessment, and gap assessment. The literature review will include a review of current code

requirements, code history, non-IBC approaches, technical literature, incident data, and

firefighting challenges. The field assessment includes observations from a five-day field survey

to verify both existing buildings and buildings under construction. The gap assessment will

determine if additional information is required to complete the evaluation.

The scope was limited strictly to reviewing the attic draftstopping provisions of the codes.

However, other code requirements will be discussed, as necessary, such as sprinkler protection,

fire alarm, and penetration protection.

2.1 Special Consideration

The field assessment was conducted in the greater Orlando area as arranged by volunteers on

behalf of the Florida Building Commission. This field assessment could leave the volunteers and

the facilities evaluated open for scrutiny by the Florida Building Commission or local fire

marshals. Thus, in this report, Koffel Associates, Inc. has kept any items observed generic and

without reference to the facility’s name when discussing the field assessment. Koffel Associates

will maintain confidentiality throughout this project.

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Florida Building Commission July 10, 2014

Attic Draftstopping Evaluation – Final Report Page 3

Koffel Associates has noted all major items observed to the owner of the facility. Our surveys

do not relieve the Owner of responsibility for compliance with the requirements of the applicable

codes, whether observed by us or not. The Owner is still solely responsible for code compliance.

3. CODE REFERENCES

The following codes and standards are used for this analysis:

International Building Code (IBC), 2012 Edition

Florida Building Code (FBC), 2010 Edition

NFPA 13, Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems, 2010 Edition

NFPA 13R, Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems in Low-Rise Residential

Occupancies, 2010 Edition

NFPA 13R, Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems in Low-Rise Residential

Occupancies, 2013 Edition

NFPA 72, National Fire Alarm and Signaling Code, 2010 Edition

The primary reference of this evaluation will be the IBC, 2012 Edition, as Florida will use this

code as the basis for the next edition of their building code. Note that the IBC and FBC are very

similar. Any differences between the codes related to the code requirements addressed herein

will be noted.

All terminology used in this report will be as defined by the IBC. For example, draftstopping

can also be referred to as “draft stop,” “fire block,” or “fire stop.” These other terms may be

common in the field, but the code has different definitions for this terminology. In addition, this

terminology has changed over time and is present in the legacy codes.

4. LITERATURE REVIEW

The literature review includes an analysis of current code requirements, code history, non-IBC

approaches, technical literature, incident data, and firefighting challenges. Each item is

discussed in the sections below.

4.1 Current Code Requirements

The current code requirements for attic draftstopping are in IBC Section 718.4. Draftstopping is

required as summarized below for combustible attics:

Group R-2

o Required if three or more dwelling units

o Draftstopping must be installed to subdivide concealed combustible attic spaces

into areas not exceeding 3,000 sq ft or above every two dwelling units, whichever

is smaller

Where a corridor also serves as a dwelling unit separation, draftstopping is

only required above one of the corridor walls.

Group R-1

o Required in all buildings

o Draftstopping must be installed in line with dwelling units

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Where a corridor also serves as a dwelling unit separation, draftstopping is

only required above one of the corridor walls.

Other Groups

o Required in all buildings

o Draftstopping must be installed to subdivide concealed combustible attic spaces

into areas not exceeding 3,000 sq ft

Draftstopping materials must comply with the following:

Must extend to the underside of the roof sheathing

Draftstopping materials must not be less than

o 0.5-inch gypsum board

o 0.375-inch wood structural panel

o 0.375-inch particleboard

o 1-inch nominal lumber

o cement fiberboard

o batts or blankets of mineral wool or glass fiber

o other approved materials adequately supported.

The integrity of draftstops must be maintained.

Openings in the partitions must be protected by self-closing doors with automatic latches.

Per the IBC Commentary, draftstopping in attics is required for the following reasons:

It is intended to separate the buildings horizontally

It acts as a barrier to smoke and gases

It is designed to prevent considerable damage from fire spread.

4.2 Penetrations and Joints

There are currently no specific requirements for the draftstopping to be provided with

penetration or joint protection. This protection includes through-penetration firestop systems,

approved fire-resistant joint systems, or some other approved means. The draftstopping must

only be constructed tight to the roof and the integrity needs to be maintained.

4.3 Sprinkler Protection

Draftstopping is not required if the attic is protected by an approved, supervised automatic

sprinkler system. Per IBC Section 903.2.8, a sprinkler system must be provided in all Group R

fire areas. An NFPA 13R sprinkler system is allowed per IBC Section 903.3.1.2. NFPA 13R

does not require sprinklers to be installed in concealed combustible spaces, including attics.

Thus, attics in Type V construction are not typically sprinkler protected and still require

draftstopping, even if sprinklers are provided in the apartment units below as allowed by NFPA

13R.

Note that NFPA 13 requires most combustible concealed spaces to be sprinkler protected.

However, NFPA 13 is not required to be applied to Group R buildings of four stories or less, or

five-level pedestal buildings as discussed below.

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4.4 Pedestal Buildings

Based on IBC Table 503 with the sprinkler modifications of IBC Section 504.2, Type VB

construction (non-rated) allows Group R-2 buildings of three stories in height and Type VA

construction (1-hr rated) allows four stories. Additionally, IBC Section 510.4 allows a Group S-2

parking garage beneath Group R if the parking garage is open or constructed of Type I

(noncombustible) construction. Thus, a Type VA building is allowed to have five levels and still

be classified as four stories in height because of the following:

510.4 Parking beneath Group R. Where a maximum one story above grade plane Group S-2

parking garage, enclosed or open, or combination thereof, of Type I construction or open of

Type IV construction, with grade entrance, is provided under a building of Group R, the

number of stories to be used in determining the minimum type of construction shall be

measured from the floor above such a parking area. The floor assembly between the parking

garage and the Group R above shall comply with the type of construction required for the

parking garage and shall also provide a fire-resistance rating not less than the mixed

occupancy separation required in Section 508.4.

The FBC does make one modification to include: “The number of stories to be used in

determining the height in stories in accordance with Section 903.2.11.3 shall include the

parking garage as a story.”

This type of arrangement is commonly referred to as a “pedestal” building.

4.4.1 Sprinkler Protection for Pedestal Buildings

An NFPA 13R sprinkler system only applies to four-story buildings. However, with Type VA

construction and a pedestal arrangement, an NFPA 13R system can still be used in a five-level

pedestal building as the building height is classified as being four stories. Additionally, all

editions of NFPA 13R evaluated for this project include Paragraph A.1.1 which reads:

“The height of a building above grade plane is determined by model building codes,

which base the height on the average height of the highest roof surface above grade

plane. For further information on the building height story limits, see model building

codes.”

Additionally, the commentary and Handbook of the 2013 Edition of NFPA 13R supports that the

pedestal does not count as a story. NFPA 101®

, The Life Safety Code®

, Chapter 4 also supports

that the pedestal does not count as a story.

NFPA 13R is based on testing that has demonstrated the ability of residential sprinkler systems

to control fires that have growth rates similar to those involving residential furnishings. NFPA

13R was limited to Group R occupancies in four-story buildings because fire burns upward much

faster than it burns horizontally. The four-story limit was selected by the Committee as a

reasonable limit given the types of Group R occupancies already in existence, such as garden

apartments. The Committee also chose the four-story criteria due to firefighting access provision

and as this was the height at which standpipe systems were typically required by the building

code.

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Thus, there is precedence to allow five-story pedestal buildings with NFPA 13R sprinkler

protection and no sprinkler protection in the attics. Draftstopping is also still required in the

attic.

4.4.2 Fire Alarm

IBC Section 907.2.9 sets the requirements for fire alarm systems in Group R-2 occupancies. All

fire alarm systems must be in accordance with NFPA 72. A manual fire alarm system is

typically required if a sleeping unit is located three or more stories above the lowest level of exit

discharge, a sleeping unit is located one or more stories below the highest level of exit discharge,

or the building contains more than 16 dwelling units. The manual fire alarm system is not

required if the building is sprinkler protected to NFPA 13 or NFPA 13R.

Smoke alarms are also required in the following locations:

On the ceiling or wall outside of each separate sleeping area in the immediate vicinity of

bedrooms

In each room used for sleeping purposes

In each story within a dwelling unit, including basements but not including crawl spaces

and uninhabitable attics

These smoke alarms are required to be interconnected within the dwelling unit. However,

connection to the main fire alarm system is not required.

4.4.3 Maintenance

There are currently no specific requirements for inspection, testing, or maintenance of

draftstopping at the time of construction or in an existing building. There are only generic

requirements for it to be kept in place.

4.5 Legacy Code History

The requirement for draftstopping appeared in the 1927 Edition of the Uniform Building Code

(UBC), which was also the first edition of the code. The UBC was published by the

International Council of Building Officials (ICBO). This edition required the following:

“All attic spaces or spaces between ceiling and the underside of roofs shall be divided

into horizontal areas of not more than twenty-five hundred (2,500) square feet with tight

one-inch (1”) partitions of matched wood or of approved incombustible materials. All

openings through these partitions shall be protected by self-closing doors of the same

thickness and materials as the partition.”

The requirement exists in the current edition of the IBC. However, the UBC changed the area to

3,000 sq ft in 1970. Various clarifications on the construction materials also changed between

the editions.

The other two legacy codes were the Standard Building Code by the Southern Building Code

Congress International (SBCCI) and The BOCA National Building Code by the Building

Officials and Code Administrators International (BOCA). Note that the BOCA National

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Building Code was originally the BOCA Basic Building Code before the rights to use the

“National Building Code” was acquired by BOCA. These codes had requirements that were

almost exactly the same as the UBC and have been in the codes since the first editions.

See Appendix A for copies of the legacy codes.

4.5.1 Basis for the Legacy Code Requirements

There is currently no documented basis for the legacy code requirements. The 1971 Edition of

Fire Protection through Modern Building Codes, by the American Iron and Steel Institute,

provides the best explanation of these requirements. In addition to discussing how draftstopping

is intended to separate the building horizontally, the following concepts are discussed:

Almost any size opening will allow fire spread, since all that is necessary to transmit fire

from one point to another is simply the passage of hot gases. An opening no larger than

the cross section of a pencil is sufficient to permit fire-generated hot gases to move

through and thus spread the fire.

Even with good firefighting, fire and smoke are likely to be communicated through

concealed spaces in the construction, especially as the internal construction cannot be

fully assured.

In Type V construction, despite protection by fire-resistive ceilings or wall finishes, there

is the ever present danger of a fire originating behind the protective finish, or that enough

heat will get behind the finish to ignite the combustible construction materials and thus

cause fire spread.

In the plenum area of protected wood joist floor and ceiling assemblies, temperatures,

recorded less than one-half hour after the start of the standard fire test, were high enough

to ignite the joists. What this means is: the interior of a fire-resistance-rated combustible

floor and ceiling assembly may not only burn during the course of a fire in the space

below, but it would in all probability, continue to burn, possibly unnoticed, even after

openly burning material has been extinguished. This is the prime reason for

draftstopping combustible wall, partition, floor, and roof constructions. By so doing, the

spread of fire may be kept within circumscribed building areas.

It is possible that the original 2,500 sq ft requirement comes from old requirements of NFPA 13

for sprinkler subdivision. However, Koffel Associates could not verify this correlation. The

1922 Edition of NFPA has generic requirements for design areas and there is no reference to

2,500 sq ft.

4.5.2 Penetrations and Joints

In older buildings, it is common to find penetrations open or just stuffed with mineral wool or

even combustible materials. What are not the current requirements for penetration protection,

which include through-penetration firestop systems and approved fire-resistant joint systems,

first started to appear in prominence in the legacy codes in the 1980’s. These requirements were

to address this gap in the code after some major fires of this time period, such as the Browns

Ferry and MGM Grand fire in Las Vegas. The IBC, upon its first edition in 2000, started to

expand on these requirements. In the current IBC, penetration protection and joint system

protection must now be applied to fire-resistance rated building elements, such as fire walls, fire

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barriers, fire partitions, and shaft enclosures. However, these concepts have never applied to

draftstopping throughout the code cycles.

4.6 Non-IBC Approaches

The following are some non-IBC approaches to protection of concealed combustible spaces in

the United States of America:

NFPA 13 – Concealed spaces entirely filled with noncombustible insulation do not

require sprinkler protection per Section 8.15.1.2.7.

o This concept assumes that the combustible structural members would not be

exposed, thereby reducing the likelihood of ignition.

NFPA 13 – Concealed spaces where rigid materials are used and the exposed surfaces

have a flame spread index of 25 or less, and the materials have been demonstrated not to

propagate fire more than 10.5 ft when tested in accordance with ASTM E 84, Standard

Test Method of Surface Burning Characteristics of Building Materials, or ANSI/UL 723,

Standard for Test for Surface Burning Characteristics of Building Materials, extended for

an additional 20 minutes in the form in which they are installed, do not require sprinkler

protection per Section 8.15.1.2.10.

NFPA 13 – Concealed spaces in which the exposed materials are constructed entirely of

fire retardant–treated wood as defined by NFPA 703, Standard for Fire Retardant-Treated

Wood and Fire-Retardant Coatings for Building Materials, do not require sprinkler

protection per Section 8.15.1.2.11.

NFPA 5000 – Building materials having a flame spread index of Class A are exempted.

Requires similar materials to IBC and areas not to exceed 3,000 ft2 (280 sq m).

Some of the above items are not directly related to draftstopping. However, these items do

represent methods to protect attics.

The following are some international approaches to draftstopping:

Canada – requires separation to 3,230 sq ft (300 sq m) with similar materials to the IBC.

The area may be increased to 6,460 sq ft (600 sq m) with a Class A interior finish rating.

England (Approved Document B) – requires separation in-line with any

compartmentation below up to the roof. Allows similar materials to the IBC, but does

“recommend” a 30-minute rating. Lists allowed opening as follows: access doors, pipes,

cables, conduits, openings with a fire damper, ducts that are fire-resisting or fitted with a

fire damper.

Sultanate of Oman – requires separation to 3,230 sq ft (300 sq m) with similar materials

to the IBC. Also allows the void to be filled with a “fire prevention” material.

Most of these requirements are very similar to the current IBC requirements. A lot of the

International codes mirror the American requirements.

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4.7 Technical Materials

There is limited documentation available on materials and testing of draftstopping. Koffel

Associates could not find any that was pertinent to this project. There are two reasons for this

lack of documentation. The first reason is that the codes define the draftstopping requirements

by referring to common building materials, without providing performance requirements. The

other reason is that the draftstopping code requirements have under-gone very few major code

changes over the years.

4.7.1 Calculated Fire Resistance

The IBC Section 722 provides calculated fire-resistance ratings for materials that have an

inherent fire-resistance rating, but may not be specifically justified by documented data.

Examples of these ratings are generic lightweight concrete or gypsum board. The materials

allowed to serve as draftstopping materials are documented with the following calculated fire-

resistance ratings:

0.5-inch gypsum board

o 10 minutes from Table 722.2.1.4(2) (not Type X)

o 25 minutes for Type X

0.375-inch wood structural panel

o 5 minutes from Table 722.6.2(1)

0.375-inch particleboard


1-inch nominal lumber


Cement fiberboard

o no rating specified

Batts or blankets of mineral wool or glass fiber

o 15 minutes from Table 722.6.2(1) (only if part of another assembly)

These calculated fire-resistance ratings are very minimal. Note that these fire-ratings can be

increased by 20 minutes if the materials above are supported by wood studs on the non-exposed

sides. Most fire-resistance rated construction requires a minimum of 30-minutes.

4.7.2 Attic Sprinklers

Attic sprinklers are a type of sprinkler specifically designed to protect attic spaces. Attic

sprinklers can be used instead of standard sprinklers and have been a “more recent” development

in sprinkler protection. Attic sprinklers are considered special application sprinklers, allowed by

NFPA 13, and are listed. A typical attic sprinkler is spaced a maximum of every 6 ft, covers a

roof span up to 60 ft, and protects up to 400 sq ft. A typical attic sprinkler has a minimum

operating pressure of 9.6 to 22.6 psi and a minimum flow of 13 to 38 gpm, depending on roof

span and slope. These sprinklers are intended to provide superior fire protection in attic spaces

and cost savings by eliminating branch line materials and the associated installation labor.

By comparison, a typical residential sprinkler has a minimum operating pressure of 7 to 16.7 psi

and a minimum flow of 13 to 20 gpm, depending on area of coverage.

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4.8 Incident Data

There is limited documentation available on incident data for demonstrating the effectiveness of

draftstopping. Koffel Associates found very little information pertinent to this project. Most of

the incident data that is available only related to attic fires. Most of this incident data did not

confirm the presence or absence of draftstopping. This lack of data specifying draftstopping was

present even in NFPA’s National Fire Incident Reporting System (NFIRS).

These statistics also do not include information on fires that started within an occupied space and

then spread into the attic. These scenarios are far more common.

Two primary sources for incident data were analyzed. One source was the Florida Division of

State Fire Marshal, Bureau of Fire Prevention. The other source was the NFPA report,

“Structure Fires Starting in the Attic, With and Without Automatic Extinguishing Systems, by

Occupancy Type” by Marty Ahrens from September, 2013.

4.8.1 Florida Data

Appendix B contains the incident data from the Florida Division of State Fire Marshal, Bureau of

Fire Prevention, from 2011 to 2013 for multifamily dwellings of three to four stories. This data

indicates that most fires were started by electrical arcing or lighting strikes. These types of fires

resulted in no injuries or deaths. The data indicates that fires caused by lightning strikes were

costly, on the average $87,500, but rare, on the average of two per year.

The interesting item to note is that in only one of the fourteen fires were the occupants alerted by

smoke detection. The code currently requires no automatic smoke detection in these spaces.

4.8.2 NFPA Data

Appendix C contains the NFPA report, “Structure Fires Starting in the Attic, With and Without

Automatic Extinguishing Systems, by Occupancy Type.” This report contained two sets of data,

one from 2003-2011 and the other from 1980-1998.

The information in this report indicated that the fires involving sprinkler protection resulted in a

25% increase in the amount of the damage to buildings as compared to buildings without

sprinkler protection for “apartment or multi-family dwelling” fires. This seems counter intuitive.

Explanations include that the sprinkler protected buildings are more valuable as a whole and

sprinkler water flow may cause water damage below the fire. Note that accidental activations

were not included in these statistics.

This data also confirmed, as did the data from the Florida Division of State Fire Marshal, Bureau

of Fire Prevention, that injuries and deaths from these types of fires are rare, even without

sprinkler protection.

This NFPA incident data estimated 732 fires in attics of “apartment or multi-family dwellings”

between 2003-2011, which equates to 82 fires per year. In 2012, NFPA estimated 97,000

apartment fires. Thus, attic fires represent a small percentage (less than 1%) of the fire problem

in apartments.

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4.9 Firefighting

There is limited documentation available on firefighting in buildings with and without

draftstopping. Most of the information available only related to attic fires. Some of the views

expressed in this section are opinions of personnel at Koffel Associates who have firefighting

experience.

4.9.1 Firefighting with Voids in General

Fire in any type of combustible void space is difficult for firefighters, whether it be underneath

the floor, through a shaft, or in the attic. Large open void spaces are inherent in combustible

structures. These void spaces provide an abundance of fuel and air for a fire to grow quickly.

Fuels in a void space could consist of wood joists, utilities, or even plastic products, such as PVC

piping or insulation. Here are some of the dangers a void space fire may present:

More challenging to access for manual suppression

Hidden fire resulting in delayed detection

Increased fuel load

Rapid fire spread

Accumulation of fire gases

Increased backdraft potential

Direct degradation to structure

Early structural failure

4.9.2 Firefighting in Attics Fires

Void space fires can only be extinguished if the fire breaks out of the void space or the

firefighters gain access to it. Standard approaches to firefighting in attics include pulling down

the ceiling below or removing the roof to gain access. Standard methods for removing the roof

include physically cutting a hole in the roof at or near the fire. The entire length of the roof can

also be cut (known as “trench” cutting), which attempts to make a fire break in the building for

the fire to vent itself. The procedures for removing both the ceiling or roof are difficult to

perform and personnel resource intensive. One possible tactic is to use a piercing nozzle from an

aerial apparatus directly through the roof.

Firefighters must do the work above while trying to keep the fire compartmented, which involves

not cutting through fire walls, fire barriers, or draftstopping directly. Not cutting through these

items is difficult as a firefighter cannot often see these items below.

The very fact that attics are high off the ground makes firefighting difficult. A standard

firefighter ground ladder is 24 ft. Larger ladders between 35 and 45 ft are also available.

However, in a 4-story structure of 5-level pedestal building, these ground ladders may not reach.

These heights will require aerial apparatus, which if available, can often be difficult to position

to access a fire.

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It is difficult for firefighters to access the attics directly both due to these spaces being difficult to

enter and then difficult in which to maneuver. Even if better access was provided for

firefighting, the firefighters would still have to manage with balancing on the joists, low

clearances, and other obstructions.

“Brannigan’s Building Construction for the Fire Service,” now published through NFPA, is a

good source for understanding firefighting aspects of building construction. This book concurs

with many of the points above. This book also discusses the chance of explosions from the

buildup of hot gases, although, the frequency of these types of explosions are unknown. These

explosions may or may not be caused by backdraft or flashover. This book even goes on to note

that there are no testing standards for draftstopping.

5. FIELD ASSESSMENT

Koffel Associates completed the surveys for this evaluation on May 5-9, 2014. These surveys

were conducted in the greater Orlando area as arranged by volunteers from the Florida Building

Commission.

5.1 Overview

The following buildings of Type V construction were surveyed:

1) Seven R-2 Apartments under construction

2) Five existing R-2 Apartments

3) Two existing R-2 Hotels

4) Two existing Business buildings

An existing R-2 Hotel of Type II construction and an R-2 Apartment under construction of Type

III construction were also surveyed during this work. These two buildings were only surveyed as

Koffel Associates was unaware of the construction type until arriving on-site. They are included

in this report as valuable information was observed.

At each R-2 Apartment property, two to three buildings were observed. A summary of our

findings can be found in Appendix D and pictures can be seen in Appendix E.

5.2 Observations for Type V Construction

The following were major general observations during the surveys:

1) Plywood (wood structural panel) is the most common draftstopping material (See

Pictures 01 through 03).

2) The only other draftstopping material observed was gypsum (See Pictures 04 and 05).

3) Very few of the buildings had any type of penetration or joint protection.

4) Most draftstopping was installed parallel to the trusses. The only case where it was more

efficient to install perpendicular to the trusses was where each truss was installed in two

sections (due to size and site constraints) and a corridor ran the entire length of the

building perpendicular to the trusses (See Pictures 06 and 07).

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The following were major observations for the R-2 Apartments:

1) Only 1 of the 7 buildings under construction had draftstopping that was deficient. This

deficiency appeared to be from lack of details provided on the permit drawings (See

Picture 08).

2) Two of the 7 buildings under construction were draftstopped along every unit separation,

even though this is currently not required.

3) Five of the 7 buildings under construction had draftstopping that was aligned with the

corridors or unit separation walls, rather than evenly dividing the building into 3,000 sq ft

sectors.

4) All of the existing buildings were draftstopped along every unit separation, even though

this was historically not required.

5) Two of the 5 existing buildings had minor deficiencies (See Pictures 10 through 12).

However, these could be compensated by the fact the draftstopping was over-designed.

6) Every building surveyed had draftstopping parallel with the corridors.

The following were major observations for other uses:

1) The two existing R-2 Hotels were both sprinkler protected in the attics, though this is not

required.

2) The two existing R-2 Hotels had draftstopping in the attics, though this was not required

due to the sprinkler protection. However, it was not maintained in one of the properties.

3) One of 2 Business buildings was observed without draftstopping.

4) The Business building with draftstopping had major deficiencies (See Picture 13).

5.3 Observations for Other Construction Types

The existing R-2 Hotel of Type II construction had a wood truss roof. It was sprinkler protected

in the attic. However, draftstopping was still provided, even though it was not required.

Additionally, this draftstopping was not maintained.

The R-2 Apartment under construction is of Type III construction with exterior walls of fire-

retardant-treated wood (See Picture 14). This arrangement is allowed by IBC Section 602.3.

Normally, Type III buildings have non-combustible exterior walls. Type III construction with

exterior walls of fire-retardant-treated wood is difficult to construct as the exterior wall must be

load bearing and cannot be tied into any of the studwork internal to the building. This

arrangement appeared to be constructed correctly at the property observed except for at a

concrete fire wall, which would create an exterior wall (See Picture 15). The fire wall also

appeared to be constructed incorrectly as it was not independent of the attached concrete parking

garage.

The R-2 Apartment under construction of Type III construction also used interstitial sprinklers.

This specialty type of sprinkler requires draftstopping to 1,000 sq ft per the listing of the

sprinkler (See Picture 16). However, this draftstopping was deficient as it was not continuous.

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5.3.1 Miscellaneous

The following items were noted during the surveys:

1) Draftstopping is often desired over unit separations to mitigate security concerns.

2) Lightning strikes can create both instantaneous fires and smoldering (slow-developing)

fires (See Pictures 17 and 18).

3) Terracotta roofs appear to be common in Florida.

4) There were few properties constructed before 1990 in the region where the surveys were

conducted.

5) The draftstopping was designed by the architects and approved in permit submission.

6) The contractors in the field did not attempt to modify the draftstopping in the field, even

when acknowledging it was over-designed.

7) The average cost estimate for installing one 60-ft long draftstop in new construction with

plywood is about $1,000. The cost for four to five draftstops in one building is about

$5,000.

8) The building department is responsible for permitting and inspection of the draftstopping

in the field. The building department often only inspects the draftstopping at substantial

completion.

9) Fire marshals are not usually involved in permitting and not responsible for reviewing

draftstopping. However, fire marshals are more likely to inspect the properties more

often both during construction and during the life of the building.

10) Existing R-2 Apartment observed had high occupancy rates of 95 to 100 percent as noted

by the management companies.

11) Existing R-2 Apartment observed was not aware of major work occurring in the attics,

even by local utilities or cable provider, as noted by the management companies.

6. DISCUSSION

This section will discuss major items in the report.

6.1 Literature Review

The following major items should be noted of the literature review:

1) The materials currently allowed to serve as draftstopping are common building materials

and have a small calculated fire-resistance rating. More robust materials could be

considered.

2) NFPA 13R versus NFPA 13 sprinkler protection for five-level pedestal buildings should

be clarified in the next edition of the Florida Building Code if the Florida Building

Commission wants to deviate from the national code.

3) There is currently no documented basis for the legacy code requirements.

4) The requirements for penetration protection, which include a through-penetration firestop

system, and fire-resistant joint systems, are “more recent” code requirements and have

expanded since the first edition of the IBC. However, these concepts were never applied

to draftstopping throughout the code cycles.

a. Consideration can be given to some form of penetration and/or joint protection for

draftstopping.

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5) There are two possible alternates to draftstopping as documented in NFPA:

a. NFPA 5000 exempts attics with a flame spread index of Class A.

b. NFPA 13 does not require sprinkler protection in areas filled with noncombustible

insulation or fire retardant wood.

6) International codes are very similar to the IBC requirements.

7) There is limited documentation available on materials and testing of draftstopping.

8) Attic sprinklers provide a possible solution for making attic sprinkler protection more

practical and to reduce costs.

9) Incident data from the Florida Division of State Fire Marshal, Bureau of Fire Prevention,

indicates that most fires were started by electrical arcing or lighting strikes.

a. Lighting protection options could merit further research.

10) There are no requirements for automatic detection in attic spaces. Based on the incident

data reviewed from the Florida Division of State Fire Marshal, Bureau of Fire Prevention,

there appear to be delays in occupant notification for attic fires.

a. Additional automatic detection options could merit further research.

11) Per NFPA incident data, attic fires represent a very small percentage of fires in

apartments.

12) Fighting a fire in an attic is difficult for the fire service. Based on current construction

methods, there appears to be few options to improve firefighting in attics with

draftstopping.

a. The prevalence of terracotta roofs in Florida increase difficulties in Florida.

Terracotta cannot be cut by the fire department and must be removed (often with a

sledge hammer) before access can be gained to the roof itself.

6.2 Field Investigation

The following major items should be noted of the field investigation:

1) The draftstopping observed was generally in excellent condition in the R-2 Apartments,

except for one building under construction.

2) Ten of the 12 R-2 Apartments had draftstopping that was parallel to the trusses and/or

corridors. In these cases, the draftsopping was aligned with the corridors or/and unit

separation walls, rather than evenly dividing the building into 3,000 sq ft sectors.

a. This arrangement can be considered good practice as the draftstopping can be

consider an extension of the fire-resistance rated barriers below. This

arrangement also makes it easier for the fire department to predict where the

draftstopping will be.

3) The draftstopping observed was generally in poor condition in the Group B occupancy

buildings.

4) Plywood (wood structural panel) is the most common draftstopping material.

5) Very few of the buildings have any type of penetration or joint protection.

6) Type III construction with exterior walls of fire-retardant-treated wood must be permitted

and inspected carefully. This includes reviews of all structural drawings by fire

protection reviewers.

7) Building officials and fire marshals should better coordinate permitting and inspection

duties, which should include cross-training in disciplines.

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Items 1 and 2 were not anticipated results of this evaluation. It is a general assumption that

draftstopping is poorly installed and maintained. This assumption could be an exaggeration of

the actual problem. Additionally, the properties surveyed had characteristics supporting good

draftstopping based on that they were newer buildings, the buildings have low turn-over rates,

were fully managed properties, and limited work was noted in them. This survey could result in

more deficiencies in a more established and dynamic urban area. More deficiencies could be

found in older buildings. Note that the oldest building surveyed was constructed in 1993.

Additionally, only rented apartments were observed and no condominium units.

We did note major deficiencies in the Group B occupancy buildings, but these buildings are not

in the same risk factor as Group R-2. Additionally, we observed draftstopping not being

maintained in buildings in which draftstopping was installed, but not required.

6.3 Summary

Limited conclusions can be derived from this investigation. Limited information is available as

only a small percentage of fires start in the attic and the draftstopping is constructed out of

common building materials. Intuitively, increasing the level of draftstopping, such as providing

penetration/joint protection or constructing a full 1-hr fire barrier, would increase the

performance of draftstopping in a fire. However, the increase in performance may not be

necessary and could be difficult to predict if the fire burns under the draftstopping.

Additionally, requiring sprinkler protection in the attics is an obvious method of mitigation.

However, the cost versus just providing draftstopping is prohibitive. For example, it costs about

$5,000 to install five draftstops in a typical new building. However, $5,000 is the equivalent cost

for just a dry-pipe valve. In addition, consideration can be given to providing a limited sprinkler

system; for example, one attic sprinkler every 3,000 sq ft. A single attic sprinkler could be

considered equivalent to a water curtain. This would provide limited protection, but would

provide notification of a fire in attic as attic fires are not often discovered immediately.

7. GAP ASSESSMENT

The most definitive follow-up item that could be derived from this report is for a code change to

limit the materials to Type X gypsum. This code change would be based on the fire performance

of Type X gypsum over the current material allowed and a minimal difference in cost. Based on

the calculated fire-resistance ratings, plywood is rated for 5-minutes and Type X gypsum is rated

for 25-minutes, which could represent a five-fold increase in fire performance. This additional

fire performance will give the fire department additional time to respond to the fire.

Based on costs in RS Means and unit prices on building supplier websites, the installation cost of

plywood versus Type X are minimal. The cost comparison even appears to favor gypsum

installation. See Appendix F for RS Means cost data. These costs would also be significantly

less than the cost to sprinkler protect the attics.

7.1 Other Assessments

Koffel Associates also has the following recommendations for further evaluation in order of

recommended priority:

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1) Prepare a code change as follows: “Draftstopping must be installed parallel to the trusses

and aligned with the unit separation walls, unless provided above a corridor wall.”

2) Survey any attic fires to determine if the draftstopping delays the fires.

a. This would require a large amount of coordination with the local fire department.

It may not be possible due to litigation concerns.

b. $3,000, including expenses, for Koffel Associates to survey the building and

prepare a report.

3) Research options for a limited sprinkler system in attic in lieu of draftstopping.

4) Surveying buildings in a more established and dynamic urban area. Examples would be

in Miami, Tampa, and Jacksonville. This could also be coupled with surveys outside of

Florida. An example would be the DC/Baltimore metro areas.

5) Research ways of mitigating lightning strike fires and whether additional protection is

necessary.

6) Conduct full-scale testing of draftstopping. For example, create a 6,000 sq ft mock-up of

an attic. Perform four tests to include the following scenarios: no draftstopping, with

draftstopping, draftstopping with penetration/joint protection, and with limited sprinkler

protection.

a. This type of testing would be costly; approximately $100,000 per test if

performed through a testing laboratory. However, there may be ways to reduce

this cost.

8. CONCLUSION

We believe this report provides a comprehensive evaluation of draftstopping in Florida.

Prepared by: Reviewed by:

Steve Welsh, P.E. William E. Koffel, P.E., FSFPE

Registered Fire Protection Engineer President

Licensed in DE, MD Licensed in DC, MD, NY, OH, PA, VA, WA

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APPENDIX A

COPIES OF LEGACY CODES

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APPENDIX B

FLORIDA ATTIC FIRE INCIDENT DATA

FOR MULTIFAMILY DWELLINGS

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Incident Data Heat Source Fire Cause Total LossFatalities /

InjuriesDetector

1/7/2012 Electrical arcing All Other Causes $0 0 Did not alert occupants

8/13/2012 Electrical arcing All Other Causes $0 0 Did not alert occupants

8/13/2012 Electrical arcing Exposure from Another Fire $0 0 Did not alert occupants




4/10/2013 Lightning discharge Natural Cause $10,000 0 Did not alert occupants

7/21/2012 Lightning discharge Natural Cause $70,000 0 -

6/21/2013 Lightning discharge Natural Cause $115,000 0 -

8/18/2012 Lightning discharge Natural Cause $120,000 0 Unknown

6/30/2013 Lightning discharge Natural Cause $122,500 0 Alerted occupants

5/12/2012 Operating equipment All Other Causes $1,503,000 0 -

10/10/2012 Undetermined All Other Causes $0 0 -

8/23/2011 Undetermined Natural Cause $21,000 0 Did not alert occupants

Appendix B - Florida Attic Fire Incident Data for Multifamily Dwellings of 3 to 4 Stories

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APPENDIX C

NFPA ATTIC FIRE REPORT

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Structure Fires Starting in the Attic, With and Without

Automatic Extinguishing Systems, by Occupancy Type

Marty Ahrens Fire Analysis and Research Division National Fire Protection Association September 2013

National Fire Protection Association, 1 Batterymarch Park, Quincy, MA 02169-7471 www.nfpa.org

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Acknowledgements The National Fire Protection Association thanks all the fire departments and state fire authorities who participate in the National Fire Incident Reporting System (NFIRS) and the annual NFPA fire experience survey. These firefighters are the original sources of the detailed data that make this analysis possible. Their contributions allow us to estimate the size of the fire problem. We are also grateful to the U.S. Fire Administration for its work in developing, coordinating, and maintaining NFIRS. Keywords: For more information about the National Fire Protection Association, visit www.nfpa.org or call 617-770-3000. To learn more about the One-Stop Data Shop go to www.nfpa.org/osds or call 617-984-7443. Copies of this analysis are available from: National Fire Protection Association One-Stop Data Shop 1 Batterymarch Park Quincy, MA 02169-7471 www.nfpa.org e-mail: [email protected] phone: 617-984-7443 NFPA Index No. 1990-REV Copyright © 2013, National Fire Protection Association, Quincy, MA This custom analysis is prepared by and copyright is held by the National Fire Protection Association. Notwithstanding the custom nature of this analysis, the NFPA retains all rights to utilize all or any part of this analysis, including any information, text, charts, tables or diagrams developed or produced as part hereof in any manner whatsoever as it deems appropriate, including but not limited to the further commercial dissemination hereof by any means or media to any party. Purchaser is hereby licensed to reproduce this material for his or her own use and benefit, and to display this in his/her printed material, publications, articles or website. Except as specifically set out in the initial request, purchaser may not assign, transfer or grant any rights to use this material to any third parties without permission of NFPA.

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Fires Starting in the Attic, With and Without

Automatic Extinguishing Systems, by Occupancy Type, 9/13 1 NFPA Fire Analysis and Research, Quincy, MA.

Structure Fires Starting in the Attic, With and Without Automatic Extinguishing Systems, by Occupancy Type

This analysis contains four tables intended to provide reasonably comparable estimates of fires in sprinklered and non-sprinklered attics over two different time periods. National estimates were derived from the U.S. Fire Administration’s National Fire Incident Reporting System (NFIRS) and NFPA’s annual fire department experience survey. Due to changes in the data definitions and reporting instructions in NFIRS, caution must be used in comparing data from the two periods. Tables 1 and 2 show estimated annual averages for non-confined structure fires (NFIRS incident type 110-129, excluding incident types 113-118) that began in the attic or vacant crawl space above the top story (NFIRS area of origin 74), by occupancy type, or in NFIRS terms, property use. The NFIRS 5.0 Complete Reference Guide notes that this area of origin includes cupolas, concealed roof/ceiling spaces, and steeples. Most NFIRS reports today are entered directly into a computer, and the Data Dictionary definition is simply “Attic: vacant, crawl space above top story.” Confined and non-confined structure fires are discussed below. Version 5.0 of NFIRS (NFIRS 5.0) was first introduced in 1999. Its usage gradually increased over the next few years. By 2003, 79% of the data in NFIRS was originally collected according to the NFIRS 5.0 rules. Estimates from the transition years of 1999-2002 are considered less stable and are not included in this analysis. The data element in NFIRS 5.0 for incident type was expanded to three digits and includes a category of structure fires collectively referred to as “confined fires.” These include cooking fires confined to the vessel of origin, confined chimney or flue fires, confined trash fires, confined fuel burner or boiler fires, confined commercial compactor fires, and confined incinerator fires (incident type 113-118). Other structure fire incident types are referred to as “non-confined structure fires.” Note that it is possible for the fire to be limited to the object of origin in a non-confined structure fire. Data about fire protection equipment and other casual elements are not required for the so-called “confined fires” but are sometimes provided. Because these scenarios would be unusual for this particular area of origin, these fires were excluded from the analysis. Table 1 shows estimated averages of non-confined structure fires in properties with no automatic extinguishing systems (AES) (NFIRS AES presence = N). Table 2 shows comparable estimates for properties in which sprinklers were present (NFIRS AES presence = 1 and NFIRS type of AES = 1-3 ). Note that the directions in the Complete Reference Guide define AES presence as “the existence of an AES within the AES’s designed range of a fire.” The small number of fires coded as having partial systems, or initially coded as having AES present but the equipment failed because it was not in the fire area, were excluded from this analysis. Tables 3 and 4 provide the closest comparable estimates for the 19-year period of 1980-1998, i.e., structure fires (NFIRS incident type 11) that began in the ceiling and roof assembly or concealed roof/ceiling space (NFIRS area of origin 74). Note that there is no distinction between confined and non-confined fires during this time and that the area of origin definition does NOT specifically mention attic. Table 3 shows estimated averages of structure fires in properties with no automatic

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extinguishing systems (NFIRS AES performance = 8). Table 4 shows comparable estimates for properties in which AES was present, regardless of operation. (NFIRS performance = 1-3 ). For all four tables, the occupancy type or property use is shown if it is a major category heading, or at least 1% of the fires occurred in or at that type of occupancy. Unclassified subcategories, such as “unclassified residential property,” are not shown, even when the percent of fires exceeded 1%. The estimates in this analysis are national estimates of fires reported to U.S. local fire departments and so exclude fires reported only to federal or state agencies or industrial fire brigades. All estimates include proportional shares of fires in which the area of origin and AES data were undetermined or not reported. Casualty and loss projections can be heavily influenced by the inclusion or exclusion of one unusually serious fire. Property damage estimates were NOT adjusted for inflation. The extent of rounding was based on the number of total fires. In Table 1 and 4, fires are rounded to the nearest ten, in Table 2 to the nearest one, and in Tables 3, to the nearest hundred. Civilian deaths and injuries are rounded to the nearest one. Direct property damage is rounded to the nearest million in Tables 1 and 3 and to the nearest hundred thousand in Table 2 and 4. Sums may not equal totals due to rounding errors. See Appendix A for more details about the methodology used to calculate national estimates.

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Table 1. Non-Confined Structure Fires that Began in the Attic, Vacant Crawl Space Above the Top Story, or Concealed Roof/Ceiling Space and in which No Automatic Extinguishing System was Present

by Occupancy Type 2003-2011 Annual Averages

Occupancy Type Fires Civilian Deaths Civilian Injuries

Direct Property Damage

(in Millions)

Residential property 9,580 (90%) 26 (97%) 120 (93%) $454 (83%)

One-or-two-family home 8,600 (81%) 22 (81%) 97 (76%) $384 (70%)

Apartment or multi-family dwelling 680 (7%) 1 (4%) 13 (10%) $61 (11%)

Store or office property 370 (3%) 0 (0%) 4 (3%) $36 (7%)

Office, bank or mail facility 90 (1%) 0 (0%) 1 (0%) $11 (2%)

Grocery or convenience store 60 (1%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%) $6 (1%)

Public assembly property 230 (2%) 0 (0%) 1 (1%) $36 (7%)

Eating or drinking establishment 110 (1%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%) $13 (2%)

Place of worship or funeral property 80 (1%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%) $13 (2%)

Storage property 200 (2%) 1 (3%) 1 (1%) $4 (1%)

Vehicle storage, garage or fire station 80 (1%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%) $1 (0%)

Manufacturing property 40 (0%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%) $7 (1%)

Educational property 40 (0%) 0 (0%) 1 (1%) $2 (0%)

Special property 30 (0%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%) $1 (0%)

Basic industry, utility or defense

property 30 (0%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%) $3 (1%)

Institutional property 30 (0%) 0 (0%) 1 (0%) $2 (0%)

Unclassified or unknown property

use 60 (1%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%) $2 (0%)

Total 10,620 (100%) 27 (100%) 128 (100%) $548 (100%)

Note: Sums nay not equal totals due to rounding. All major occupancy categories are shown, as are subcategories that accounted for at least 1% of the fires. Casualty and loss projections can be heavily influenced by the inclusion or exclusion of one unusually serious fire.

Source: NFIRS 5.0 and NFPA survey.

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Table 2. Non-Confined Structure Fires that Began in the Attic, Vacant Crawl Space above the Top Story,

or Concealed Roof/Ceiling Space in which Sprinklers were Present, by Occupancy Type 2003-2011 Annual Averages



(in Millions)

Residential property 117 (49%) 0 (NA) 1 (60%) $14.3 (52%)

Apartment or multi-family dwelling 52 (21%) 0 (NA) 0 (24%) $5.8 (21%)

One-or-two-family home 39 (16%) 0 (NA) 0 (23%) $5.7 (21%)

Store or office property 40 (17%) 0 (NA) 0 (27%) $5.1 (18%)

Office, bank or mail facility 11 (4%) 0 (NA) 0 (16%) $3.6 (13%)

Grocery or convenience store 7 (3%) 0 (NA) 0 (0%) $0.3 (1%) Department store or unclassified

general retail 6 (3%) 0 (NA) 0 (12%) $0.1 (1%) Laundry, drycleaning or professional

supplies or services 4 (2%) 0 (NA) 0 (0%) $0.5 (2%)

Specialty shop 3 (1%) 0 (NA) 0 (0%) $0.1 (0%) Personal service or recreational or

home repair store 3 (1%) 0 (NA) 0 (0%) $0.1 (0%)

Household goods sales or repair 3 (1%) 0 (NA) 0 (0%) $0.1 (0%)

Textile or apparel sales 1 (1%) 0 (NA) 0 (0%) $0.0 (0%) Service station or vehicle sales, service

or repair 1 (1%) 0 (NA) 0 (0%) $0.3 (1%)

Public assembly property 35 (15%) 0 (NA) 0 (13%) $6.3 (23%)

Eating or drinking establishment 24 (9%) 0 (NA) 0 (0%) $2.5 (9%)

Place of worship or funeral property 4 (2%) 0 (NA) 0 (0%) $0.3 (1%)

Club 4 (2%) 0 (NA) 0 (0%) $3.4 (12%) Library, museum, courthouse or other

public property 2 (1%) 0 (NA) 0 (0%) $0.0 (0%)

Studio or theatre 2 (1%) 0 (NA) 0 (13%) $0.0 (0%)

Institutional property 26 (11%) 0 (NA) 0 (0%) $0.9 (3%)

Nursing home 17 (7%) 0 (NA) 0 (0%) $0.7 (2%)

Prison, jail or police station 2 (1%) 0 (NA) 0 (0%) $0.0 (0%)

Clinic or doctor's office 2 (1%) 0 (NA) 0 (0%) $0.1 (0%)

Hospital or hospice 2 (1%) 0 (NA) 0 (0%) $0.1 (0%)

Mental retardation or substance abuse 1 (1%) 0 (NA) 0 (0%) $0.1 (0%)

Manufacturing property 11 (5%) 0 (NA) 0 (0%) $0.9 (3%)

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Table 2. (Continued) Non-Confined Structure Fires that Began in the Attic, Vacant Crawl Space above the Top Story,

or Concealed Roof/Ceiling Space in which Sprinklers were Present, by Occupancy Type 2003-2011 Annual Averages



(in Millions)

Educational property 6 (3%) 0 (NA) 0 (0%) $0.0 (0%)

Preschool through grade 12 3 (1%) 0 (NA) 0 (0%) $0.0 (0%)

Adult education or college classroom 1 (1%) 0 (NA) 0 (0%) $0.0 (0%)

Storage property 2 (1%) 0 (NA) 0 (0%) $0.0 (0%)

Warehouse, residential or self-storage 1 (1%) 0 (NA) 0 (0%) $0.0 (0%)

Special property 1 (0%) 0 (NA) 0 (0%) $0.0 (0%)


property 0 (0%) 0 (NA) 0 (0%) $0.0 (0%)

Unclassified or unknown property

use 1 (1%) 0 (NA) 0 (0%) $0.0 (0%)

Total 241 (100%) 0 (NA) 2 (100%) $27.7 (100%) NA - Not applicable because the total is zero.

Note: Sums nay not equal totals due to rounding. All major occupancy categories are shown, as are subcategories that accounted for at least 1% of the fires. Casualty and loss projections can be heavily influenced by the inclusion or exclusion of one unusually serious fire.

Source: NFIRS 5.0 and NFPA survey.

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Table 3. Structure Fires that Began in the Ceiling and Roof Assembly or Concealed Roof/Ceiling Space

and in which No Automatic Extinguishing System was Present, by Occupancy Type 1980-1998 Annual Averages



(in Millions)

Residential property 11,900 (72%) 25 (91%) 125 (83%) $162 (61%) One- or two-family dwelling 10,600 (64%) 22 (81%) 107 (71%) $133 (51%) Apartment, tenement or flat 1,100 (6%) 2 (8%) 14 (9%) $24 (9%) Hotel, motel or inn 100 (1%) 0 (1%) 4 (3%) $3 (1%)

Store or office property 1,300 (8%) 0 (1%) 6 (4%) $42 (16%) Office property 300 (2%) 0 (0%) 1 (1%) $11 (4%) Food or beverage sales 200 (1%) 0 (1%) 1 (1%) $7 (2%) Motor vehicle or boat sales or services 200 (1%) 0 (0%) 1 (1%) $3 (1%) Specialty shop 100 (1%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%) $2 (1%) Household goods sales or repairs 100 (1%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%) $4 (2%) Recreation, hobby or home repair

supply sales or personal services 100 (1%) 0 (0%) 1 (0%) $3 (1%) General item store 100 (1%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%) $3 (1%)

Special property 900 (5%) 0 (0%) 3 (2%) $5 (2%)

Construction or unoccupied property 700 (4%) 0 (0%) 2 (1%) $4 (2%)

Storage property 800 (5%) 1 (2%) 4 (3%) $10 (4%) Vehicle storage 300 (2%) 0 (1%) 2 (1%) $2 (1%) Agricultural product storage 300 (2%) 0 (0%) 1 (1%) $3 (1%) Unclassified or unknown-type storage

property 100 (1%) 0 (1%) 1 (0%) $1 (0%) General item storage 100 (1%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%) $2 (1%)

Public assembly property 800 (5%) 1 (2%) 6 (4%) $24 (9%) Eating or drinking establishment 500 (3%) 0 (1%) 3 (2%) $12 (5%) Place of worship or funeral parlor 200 (1%) 0 (1%) 1 (1%) $6 (2%)

Manufacturing 300 (2%) 0 (0%) 2 (2%) $9 (3%) Metal or metal product manufacture 100 (1%) 0 (0%) 1 (1%) $2 (1%)

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Table 3. (Continued) Structure Fires that Began in the Ceiling and Roof Assembly or Concealed Roof/Ceiling Space

and in which No Automatic Extinguishing System was Present, by Occupancy Type 1980-1998 Annual Averages



(in Millions)


property 200 (1%) 0 (0%) 1 (1%) $3 (1%)

Agriculture 100 (1%) 0 (0%) 1 (0%) $2 (1%)

Educational property 100 (1%) 0 (0%) 1 (0%) $6 (2%) Non-residential school through grade 12 100 (1%) 0 (0%) 1 (0%) $5 (2%)

Institutional 100 (1%) 0 (1%) 1 (1%) $1 (0%)

Unclassified or unknown-type

property use 100 (1%) 1 (2%) 0 (0%) $2 (1%)

Total 16,600 (100%) 27 (100%) 150 (100%) $264 (100%) Note: Sums nay not equal totals due to rounding. All major occupancy categories are shown, as are subcategories that accounted for at least 1% of the fires. Casualty and loss projections can be heavily influenced by the inclusion or exclusion of one unusually serious fire.

Source: NFIRS and NFPA survey.

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Table 4. Structure Fires that Began in the Ceiling and Roof Assembly or Concealed Roof/Ceiling Space

And in which Some Type of Automatic Extinguishing Equipment was Present, by Occupancy Type 1980-1998 Annual Averages

Occupancy Type Fires Civilian Deaths

Civilian Injuries


(in Millions)

Manufacturing 200 (32%) 0 (NA) 3 (38%) $5.8 (44%)

Metal or metal product manufacture 70 (11%) 0 (NA) 2 (19%) $0.4 (3%) Wood, furniture or paper manufacture or

printing 50 (8%) 0 (NA) 0 (2%) $0.8 (6%)

Food manufacturing 20 (2%) 0 (NA) 0 (1%) $0.8 (6%) Chemical, plastic or petroleum

manufacturing or processing 10 (2%) 0 (NA) 0 (2%) $3.3 (25%)

Textile manufacture 10 (2%) 0 (NA) 0 (1%) $0.1 (1%)

Vehicle assembly or manufacture 10 (2%) 0 (NA) 0 (5%) $0.0 (0%) Unclassified or unknown-type

manufacturing property 10 (2%) 0 (NA) 0 (0%) $0.0 (0%)

Other manufacturing 10 (1%) 0 (NA) 0 (4%) $0.3 (2%) Footwear, wearing apparel, leather or

rubber manufacture 10 (1%) 0 (NA) 0 (4%) $0.0 (0%)

Store or office property 160 (25%) 0 (NA) 1 (13%) $2.2 (16%)

General item store 40 (6%) 0 (NA) 1 (8%) $0.4 (3%)

Food or beverage sales 30 (5%) 0 (NA) 0 (1%) $0.3 (2%)

Office property 30 (5%) 0 (NA) 0 (1%) $0.5 (4%)

Textile or wearing apparel sales 10 (2%) 0 (NA) 0 (0%) $0.4 (3%)

Specialty shop 10 (2%) 0 (NA) 0 (0%) $0.1 (1%)

Household goods sales or repairs 10 (2%) 0 (NA) 0 (0%) $0.2 (1%)

Professional supply sales or services 10 (1%) 0 (NA) 0 (0%) $0.0 (0%)

Motor vehicle or boat sales or services 10 (1%) 0 (NA) 0 (4%) $0.1 (1%) Recreation, hobby or home repair supply

sales or personal services 0 (1%) 0 (NA) 0 (0%) $0.0 (0%)

Public assembly 60 (10%) 0 (NA) 1 (9%) $1.2 (9%)

Eating or drinking establishment 40 (7%) 0 (NA) 1 (6%) $1.0 (7%)

Club 10 (1%) 0 (NA) 0 (1%) $0.1 (0%)

Institutional property 60 (10%) 0 (NA) 2 (23%) $0.4 (3%)

Care of the aged 40 (6%) 0 (NA) 1 (16%) $0.2 (2%)

Care of the sick or injured 20 (3%) 0 (NA) 1 (7%) $0.0 (0%)

Table 4. (Continued)

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Structure Fires that Began in the Ceiling and Roof Assembly or Concealed Roof/Ceiling Space And in which Some Type of Automatic Extinguishing Equipment was Present, by Occupancy Type

1980-1998 Annual Averages

Occupancy Type Fires Civilian Deaths

Civilian Injuries


(in Millions) Residential property 50 (8%) 0 (NA) 0 (5%) $1.2 (9%) One- or two-family dwelling 30 (4%) 0 (NA) 0 (2%) $0.4 (3%) Apartment, tenement or flat 10 (2%) 0 (NA) 0 (0%) $0.4 (3%) Hotel, motel or inn 10 (1%) 0 (NA) 0 (4%) $0.3 (3%)

Storage property 30 (6%) 0 (NA) 0 (4%) $1.7 (13%)

General item storage 20 (3%) 0 (NA) 0 (1%) $0.6 (4%)

Wood or paper product storage 10 (1%) 0 (NA) 0 (2%) $0.3 (3%)

Educational property 20 (3%) 0 (NA) 0 (4%) $0.1 (1%) Non-residential school through grade 12 10 (2%) 0 (NA) 0 (0%) $0.0 (0%)


property 10 (2%) 0 (NA) 0 (1%) $0.3 (2%) Non-metallic mineral or mineral product

manufacture 10 (1%) 0 (NA) 0 (1%) $0.0 (0%)

Special property 10 (2%) 0 (NA) 0 (0%) $0.1 (1%)

Construction or unoccupied property 10 (2%) 0 (NA) 0 (0%) $0.1 (1%)

Unclassified or unknown-type

property use 10 (1%) 0 (NA) 0 (1%) $0.1 (1%)

Total 630 (100%) 0 (NA) 8 (100%) $13.1 (100%)

Note: Sums nay not equal totals due to rounding. All major occupancy categories are shown, as are subcategories that accounted for at least 1% or 10 of the fires (rounded to the nearest ten). Casualty and loss projections can be heavily influenced by the inclusion or exclusion of one unusually serious fire.

Source: NFIRS and NFPA survey.

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Appendix A. How National Estimates Statistics Are Calculated The statistics in this analysis are estimates derived from the U.S. Fire Administration’s (USFA’s) National Fire Incident Reporting System (NFIRS) and the National Fire Protection Association’s (NFPA’s) annual survey of U.S. fire departments. NFIRS is a voluntary system by which participating fire departments report detailed factors about the fires to which they respond. Roughly two-thirds of U.S. fire departments participate, although not all of these departments provide data every year. Fires reported to federal or state fire departments or industrial fire brigades are not included in these estimates. NFIRS provides the most detailed incident information of any national database not limited to large fires. NFIRS is the only database capable of addressing national patterns for fires of all sizes by specific property use and specific fire cause. NFIRS also captures information on the extent of flame spread, and automatic detection and suppression equipment. For more information about NFIRS visit http://www.nfirs.fema.gov/. Copies of the paper forms may be downloaded from http://www.nfirs.fema.gov/documentation/design/NFIRS_Paper_Forms_2008.pdf. NFIRS has a wide variety of data elements and code choices. The NFIRS database contains coded information. Many code choices describe several conditions. These cannot be broken down further. For example, area of origin code 83 captures fires starting in vehicle engine areas, running gear areas or wheel areas. It is impossible to tell the portion of each from the coded data. Methodology may change slightly from year to year. NFPA is continually examining its methodology to provide the best possible answers to specific questions, methodological and definitional changes can occur. Earlier editions of the same report may have used different methodologies to produce the same analysis, meaning that the estimates are not directly comparable from year to year. NFPA’s fire department experience survey provides estimates of the big picture. Each year, NFPA conducts an annual survey of fire departments which enables us to capture a summary of fire department experience on a larger scale. Surveys are sent to all municipal departments protecting populations of 50,000 or more and a random sample, stratified by community size, of the smaller departments. Typically, a total of roughly 3,000 surveys are returned, representing about one of every ten U.S. municipal fire departments and about one third of the U.S. population. The survey is stratified by size of population protected to reduce the uncertainty of the final estimate. Small rural communities have fewer people protected per department and are less likely to respond to the survey. A larger number must be surveyed to obtain an adequate sample of those departments. (NFPA also makes follow-up calls to a sample of the smaller fire departments that do not respond, to confirm that those that did respond are truly representative of fire departments their size.) On the other hand, large city departments are so few in number and protect such a large proportion of the total U.S. population that it

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makes sense to survey all of them. Most respond, resulting in excellent precision for their part of the final estimate. The survey includes the following information: (1) the total number of fire incidents, civilian deaths, and civilian injuries, and the total estimated property damage (in dollars), for each of the major property use classes defined in NFIRS; (2) the number of on-duty firefighter injuries, by type of duty and nature of illness; 3) the number and nature of non-fire incidents; and (4) information on the type of community protected (e.g., county versus township versus city) and the size of the population protected, which is used in the statistical formula for projecting national totals from sample results. The results of the survey are published in the annual report Fire Loss in the United States. To download a free copy of the report, visit http://www.nfpa.org/assets/files/PDF/OS.fireloss.pdf. Projecting NFIRS to National Estimates As noted, NFIRS is a voluntary system. Different states and jurisdictions have different reporting requirements and practices. Participation rates in NFIRS are not necessarily uniform across regions and community sizes, both factors correlated with frequency and severity of fires. This means NFIRS may be susceptible to systematic biases. No one at present can quantify the size of these deviations from the ideal, representative sample, so no one can say with confidence that they are or are not serious problems. But there is enough reason for concern so that a second database -- the NFPA survey -- is needed to project NFIRS to national estimates and to project different parts of NFIRS separately. This multiple calibration approach makes use of the annual NFPA survey where its statistical design advantages are strongest. Scaling ratios are obtained by comparing NFPA’s projected totals of residential structure fires, non-residential structure fires, vehicle fires, and outside and other fires, and associated civilian deaths, civilian injuries, and direct property damage with comparable totals in NFIRS. Estimates of specific fire problems and circumstances are obtained by multiplying the NFIRS data by the scaling ratios. Reports for incidents in which mutual aid was given are excluded from NFPA’s analyses. Analysts at the NFPA, the USFA and the Consumer Product Safety Commission developed the specific basic analytical rules used for this procedure. "The National Estimates Approach to U.S. Fire Statistics," by John R. Hall, Jr. and Beatrice Harwood, provides a more detailed explanation of national estimates. Version 5.0 of NFIRS, first introduced in 1999, used a different coding structure for many data elements, added some property use codes, and dropped others. The essentials of the approach described by Hall and Harwood are still used, but some modifications have been necessary to accommodate the changes in NFIRS 5.0. Figure A.1 shows the percentage of fires originally collected in the NFIRS 5.0 system. Each year’s release version of NFIRS data also includes data collected in older versions of NFIRS that were converted to NFIRS 5.0 codes.

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Figure A.1. Fires Originally Collected in NFIRS 5.0 by Year

From 1999 data on, analyses are based on scaling ratios using only data originally collected in NFIRS 5.0:

NFPA survey projections NFIRS totals (Version 5.0)

For 1999 to 2001, the same rules may be applied, but estimates for these years in this form will be less reliable due to the smaller amount of data originally collected in NFIRS 5.0; they should be viewed with extreme caution. NFIRS 5.0 introduced six categories of confined structure fires, including:

cooking fires confined to the cooking vessel, confined chimney or flue fires, confined incinerator fire, confined fuel burner or boiler fire or delayed ignition, confined commercial compactor fire, and trash or rubbish fires in a structure with no flame damage to the structure or its contents.

Although causal and other detailed information is typically not required for these incidents, it is provided in some cases. Some analyses, particularly those that examine cooking equipment, heating equipment, fires caused by smoking materials, and fires started by playing with fire, may examine the confined fires in greater detail. Because the confined fire incident types describe certain scenarios, the distribution of unknown data differs from that of all fires. Consequently, allocation of unknowns must be done separately. Some analyses of structure fires show only non-confined fires. In these tables, percentages shown are of non-confined structure fires rather than all structure fires. This approach has the advantage of showing the frequency of specific factors in fire causes, but the disadvantage of possibly overstating the percentage of factors that are seldom seen in the confined fire incident types and of understating the factors specifically associated with the confined fire incident types.

7%

21%

48%

65%

79%

88%94% 94% 97% 99% 100%

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

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Other analyses include entries for confined fire incident types in the causal tables and show percentages based on total structure fires. In these cases, the confined fire incident type is treated as a general causal factor. For most fields other than Property Use and Incident Type, NFPA allocates unknown data proportionally among known data. This approach assumes that if the missing data were known, it would be distributed in the same manner as the known data. NFPA makes additional adjustments to several fields. Casualty and loss projections can be heavily influenced by the inclusion or exclusion of unusually serious fire. In the formulas that follow, the term “all fires” refers to all fires in NFIRS on the dimension studied. The percentages of fires with known or unknown data are provided for non-confined fires and associated losses, and for confined fires only. Cause of Ignition: This field is used chiefly to identify intentional fires. “Unintentional” in this field is a specific entry and does not include other fires that were not intentionally set: failure of equipment or heat source, act of nature, or “other” (unclassified).” The last should be used for exposures but has been used for other situations as well. Fires that were coded as under investigation and those that were coded as undetermined after investigation were treated as unknown. Factor Contributing to Ignition: In this field, the code “none” is treated as an unknown and allocated proportionally. For Human Factor Contributing to Ignition, NFPA enters a code for “not reported” when no factors are recorded. “Not reported” is treated as an unknown, but the code “none” is treated as a known code and not allocated. Multiple entries are allowed in both of these fields. Percentages are calculated on the total number of fires, not entries, resulting in sums greater than 100%. Although Factor Contributing to Ignition is only required when the cause of ignition was coded as: 2) unintentional, 3) failure of equipment or heat source; or 4) act of nature, data is often present when not required. Consequently, any fire in which no factor contributing to ignition was entered was treated as unknown. In some analyses, all entries in the category of mechanical failure, malfunction (factor contributing to ignition 20-29) are combined and shown as one entry, “mechanical failure or malfunction.” This category includes:

21. Automatic control failure; 22. Manual control failure; 23. Leak or break. Includes leaks or breaks from containers or pipes. Excludes operational

deficiencies and spill mishaps; 25. Worn out; 26. Backfire. Excludes fires originating as a result of hot catalytic converters; 27. Improper fuel used; Includes the use of gasoline in a kerosene heater and the like; and 20. Mechanical failure or malfunction, other.

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Entries in “electrical failure, malfunction” (factor contributing to ignition 30-39) may also be combined into one entry, “electrical failure or malfunction.” This category includes:

31. Water-caused short circuit arc; 32. Short-circuit arc from mechanical damage; 33. Short-circuit arc from defective or worn insulation; 34. Unspecified short circuit arc; 35. Arc from faulty contact or broken connector, including broken power lines and loose

connections; 36. Arc or spark from operating equipment, switch, or electric fence; 37. Fluorescent light ballast; and 30. Electrical failure or malfunction, other.

Heat Source. In NFIRS 5.0, one grouping of codes encompasses various types of open flames and smoking materials. In the past, these had been two separate groupings. A new code was added to NFIRS 5.0, which is code 60: “Heat from open flame or smoking material, other.” NFPA treats this code as a partial unknown and allocates it proportionally across the codes in the 61-69 range, shown below.

61. Cigarette; 62. Pipe or cigar; 63. Heat from undetermined smoking material; 64. Match; 65. Lighter: cigarette lighter, cigar lighter; 66. Candle; 67 Warning or road flare, fuse; 68. Backfire from internal combustion engine. Excludes flames and sparks from an exhaust

system, (11); and 69. Flame/torch used for lighting. Includes gas light and gas-/liquid-fueled lantern.

In addition to the conventional allocation of missing and undetermined fires, NFPA multiplies fires with codes in the 61-69 range by

All fires in range 60-69 All fires in range 61-69

The downside of this approach is that heat sources that are truly a different type of open flame or smoking material are erroneously assigned to other categories. The grouping “smoking materials” includes codes 61-63 (cigarettes, pipes or cigars, and heat from undetermined smoking material, with a proportional share of the code 60s and true unknown data.

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Equipment Involved in Ignition (EII). NFIRS 5.0 originally defined EII as the piece of equipment that provided the principal heat source to cause ignition if the equipment malfunctioned or was used improperly. In 2006, the definition was modified to “the piece of equipment that provided the principal heat source to cause ignition.” However, much of the data predates the change. Individuals who have already been trained with the older definition may not change their practices. To compensate, NFPA treats fires in which EII = NNN and heat source is not in the range of 40-99 as an additional unknown. To allocate unknown data for EII, the known data is multiplied by

All fires (All fires – blank – undetermined – [fires in which EII =NNN and heat source <>40-99])

In addition, the partially unclassified codes for broad equipment groupings (i.e., code 100 - heating, ventilation, and air conditioning, other; code 200 - electrical distribution, lighting and power transfer, other; etc.) were allocated proportionally across the individual code choices in their respective broad groupings (heating, ventilation, and air conditioning; electrical distribution, lighting and power transfer, other; etc.). Equipment that is totally unclassified is not allocated further. This approach has the same downside as the allocation of heat source 60 described above. Equipment that is truly different is erroneously assigned to other categories. In some analyses, various types of equipment are grouped together. Code Grouping EII Code NFIRS definitions Central heat 132 Furnace or central heating unit 133 Boiler (power, process or heating) Fixed or portable space heater 131 Furnace, local heating unit, built-in 123 Fireplace with insert or stove 124 Heating stove 141 Heater, excluding catalytic and oil-filled 142 Catalytic heater 143 Oil-filled heater Fireplace or chimney 120 Fireplace or chimney 121 Fireplace, masonry 122 Fireplace, factory-built 125 Chimney connector or vent connector 126 Chimney – brick, stone or masonry 127 Chimney-metal, including stovepipe or flue Fixed wiring and related equipment 210 Unclassified electrical wiring 211 Electrical power or utility line 212 Electrical service supply wires from utility 213 Electric meter or meter box 214 Wiring from meter box to circuit breaker 215 Panel board, switch board or circuit breaker board 216 Electrical branch circuit 217 Outlet or receptacle 218 Wall switch 219 Ground fault interrupter

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Transformers and power supplies 221 Distribution-type transformer 222 Overcurrent, disconnect equipment 223 Low-voltage transformer 224 Generator 225 Inverter 226 Uninterrupted power supply (UPS) 227 Surge protector 228 Battery charger or rectifier 229 Battery (all types) Lamp, bulb or lighting 230 Unclassified lamp or lighting 231 Lamp-tabletop, floor or desk 232 Lantern or flashlight 233 Incandescent lighting fixture 234 Fluorescent light fixture or ballast 235 Halogen light fixture or lamp 236 Sodium or mercury vapor light fixture or lamp 237 Work or trouble light 238 Light bulb 241 Nightlight 242 Decorative lights – line voltage 243 Decorative or landscape lighting – low voltage 244 Sign Cord or plug 260 Unclassified cord or plug 261 Power cord or plug, detachable from appliance 262 Power cord or plug- permanently attached 263 Extension cord Torch, burner or soldering iron 331 Welding torch 332 Cutting torch 333 Burner, including Bunsen burners 334 Soldering equipment Portable cooking or warming equipment 631 Coffee maker or teapot 632 Food warmer or hot plate 633 Kettle 634 Popcorn popper 635 Pressure cooker or canner 636 Slow cooker 637 Toaster, toaster oven, counter-top broiler 638 Waffle iron, griddle 639 Wok, frying pan, skillet 641 Breadmaking machine

Equipment was not analyzed separately for confined fires. Instead, each confined fire incident type was listed with the equipment or as other known equipment.

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Item First Ignited. In most analyses, mattress and pillows (item first ignited 31) and bedding, blankets, sheets, and comforters (item first ignited 32) are combined and shown as “mattresses and bedding.” In many analyses, wearing apparel not on a person (code 34) and wearing apparel on a person (code 35) are combined and shown as “clothing.” In some analyses, flammable and combustible liquids and gases, piping and filters (item first ignited 60-69) are combined and shown together. Area of Origin. Two areas of origin: bedroom for more than five people (code 21) and bedroom for less than five people (code 22) are combined and shown as simply “bedroom.” Chimney is no longer a valid area of origin code for non-confined fires. Rounding and percentages. The data shown are estimates and generally rounded. An entry of zero may be a true zero or it may mean that the value rounds to zero. Percentages are calculated from unrounded values. It is quite possible to have a percentage entry of up to 100% even if the rounded number entry is zero. The same rounded value may account for a slightly different percentage share. Because percentages are expressed in integers and not carried out to several decimal places, percentages that appear identical may be associated with slightly different values.

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APPENDIX D

SURVEY SUMMARY TABLE

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# Age YearPrimary

OccupancyUse Other Uses Stories

Sprinkler

System

Draftstopping

Required

Draftstopping

Provided

Draftstopping

MaterialArrangement

Orientation to

TrussesDeficiencies

Penetration

Protection

Joint

ProtectionNotes

1 New - R-2 Apartment - 3 NFPA 13R Yes Yes Plywood

One split at each corridor and

a split at every unit

separation.

Parallel and

PerpendicularNone None None -

2 New - R-2 Apartment - 3 NFPA 13R Yes Yes Plywood

Split into 4 sectors, one on

each end of the building with

the middle portion split in half

perpendicularly to the trusses

Parallel and

PerpendicularNone Firestopped Fire Jointed -

3 New - R-2 Apartment - 4 NFPA 13R Yes Yes Plywood Along the corridor Perpendicular None None None

Each truss was over 60 ft long and placed in two sections. The

draftstopping was installed between the two sections. The

trusses were also in two sections due to site constraints and

the ability of a crane to lift them in place.

4 New - R-2 Apartment - 2 NFPA 13R Yes Yes Plywood At every unit separation Parallel None None NoneBuildings had no corridors. All units were accessible from the

exterior.

5 New - R-2 ApartmentParking -

Ground Floor3 NFPA 13R Yes Yes Plywood

One split at each corridor and

every 2 units.Parallel None None None -

6 New - R-2 ApartmentRetail - Ground

Floor3 NFPA 13R Yes Partial

Mostly plywood

with some

gypsum

Split into 4 equal sectors of

2,800 sq ftParallel

1) stops about 2 feet from attic floor

2) Has access openings cut with no

self-closing doors

None None The permits plans had no draftstopping details.

7 New - R-2 Apartment - 4 NFPA 13R Yes Yes PlywoodOne split at each corridor and

every 2 units.Parallel None None None

This property was not surveyed, but the installation was

discussed with the contractors.

8 Existing 1998 R-2 Apartment - 3 NFPA 13R Yes YesPlywood and

Gypsum

At every corridor wall and unit

separation wallParallel None Firestopped None -

9 Existing 2001 R-2 Apartment - 3 NFPA 13R Yes YesPlywood and

Gypsum

At every corridor wall and unit

separation wallParallel None None None -

10 Existing 2002 R-2 Apartment - 3 NFPA 13R Yes Yes PlywoodAt every corridor wall and unit

separation wallParallel None None None -

11 Existing 1993 R-2 Apartment - 2 NFPA 13R Yes Yes Gypsum At every unit separation ParallelDamaged in one location only (has

fallen out of place)None None Buildings had no corridors

12 Existing 1996 R-2 Apartment - 3 NFPA 13R Yes Yes GypsumAt every corridor wall and unit

separation wall

Parallel and

Perpendicular

1) Was not continuous around part of

a roof at one location 2) Was not

installed down into a ceiling soffit

Mud and

Taped

Mud and

Taped

Had minor deficiencies but was over designed and had

penetration/joint protection

13 Existing 1998 R-2 Hotel - 5 NFPA 13 No Mostly PlywoodSplit into equal sectors of

approximately 3,000 sq ftParallel n/a Yes None -


approximately 3,000 sq ftParallel n/a Firestopped None

Some of the draftstopping was missing or never completed,

mainly around the access openings.

15 Existing 1996 B BusinessClubhouse,

offices, gym1 none Yes Yes Plywood

Split into equal sectors of

approximately 3,000 sq ftParallel

1) Had access holes cut in them 2)

Had large holes for penetrationsNone None Was a 10,000 sq ft clubhouse, had Terracotta roof

16 Existing 1996 B Business Clubhouse 1 none Yes No - - - - - - Was a 5,000 sq ft clubhouse


approximately 3,000 sq ftParallel n/a Firestopped None

Type II construction with wood roof. The draftstopping had

access openings but no self-closing doors.

18 New - R-2 ApartmentParking

Garage, Retail5 NFPA 13 No

Only for interstitial

sprinkler

protection to

1,000 sq ft

Plywood Only 18 inches deepParallel and

Perpendicular

1) was not continuous in many areas

2) stopped short of adjacent

draftstopping

None None

Construction Type was IIIB with fire-retardant-treated (FRT)

wood exterior walls, had a concrete fire wall between

adjacent parking garage, there was no FRT at the wall that

faced the concrete fire wall.

Appendix D - Survey Summary Table

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APPENDIX E

PICTURES

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Picture 01 – Typical Plywood Draftstopping

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Picture 02 – Typical Door in Plywood Draftstopping

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Picture 03 – Typical Door in Plywood Draftstopping

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Picture 04 – Draftstopping with both Plywood and Gypsum

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Picture 05 – Gypsum Draftstopping with All Penetrations and Joints Sealed with Mud and Tape

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Picture 06 – Draftstopping Installed Perpendicular to the Trusses

Note how the trusses are in two sections.

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Picture 07 – Draftstopping Installed Perpendicular to the Trusses

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Picture 08 – Building 6 Deficiency.

Note that the draftstopping stops about 2 ft from the attic floor and the access opening is not

provided with a self-closing door.

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Note that the draftstopping has partially fallen out of place.

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Note that the draftstopping is not continuous around part of the roof.

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Note that the draftstopping is not installed down into a ceiling soffit.

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Picture 12 – Building 12 Ceiling Soffit from Breezeway

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Note the hole cut for access and penetrations.

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Picture 14 – Type III Construction with Exterior Walls of Fire-Retardant-Treated Wood

Adjacent to Concrete Parking Garage

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Picture 15 – Floor Terminating into Exterior Walls in Type III Construction with Exterior Walls

of Fire-Retardant-Treated Wood at Concrete Fire Wall

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Picture 16 – Draftstopping for Interstitial Sprinklers.

Note that the two sections stop short.

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Picture 17 – Lightning Strike through Roof

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Picture 18 – Lightning Strike in Wood Attic.

Note that this is post-fire with minor damage.

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Picture 19 – Lightning Strike in Wood Attic.

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APPENDIX F

RS MEANS COST DATA

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NFPA 1: 19.2.1.4 DRAFT “EXCEPTION” FORMATTING

19.2.1.4 Rubbish Within Dumpsters. Dumpsters and combustible waste containers with an individual

capacity of 1.5 yd3 [40.5 ft3 (1.15 m3)] or more shall not be stored in buildings or placed within 10 ft (3

m) of combustible walls, openings, or combustible roof eave lines unless otherwise permitted by

19.2.1.4.1 or 19.2.1.4.2.

19.2.1.4.1 Areas containing dumpsters or containers The requirement of 19.2.1.4 shall be not apply to

building areas protected by an approved automatic sprinkler system and enclosed with a by fire barriers

having a fire resistance rating of not less than 1 hour.

19.2.1.4.2 Structures of Types I and II fire‐resistive construction used for dumpster or container storage

shall be located not less than 10 ft (3 m) from openings and other buildings. The requirement of 19.2.1.4

shall not apply to structures meeting all of the following requirements:

(1) Structures shall be Type I or Type II construction.

(2) Structures shall be located not less than 10 ft (3050 mm) from other structures.

(3) Structures shall be used only for storage of dumpsters and combustible waste containers.

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Rubberized Asphalt Melters for Roof Deck SystemsAdd a new Definition:

Rubberized Asphalt Melter . (Melter) Portable equipment used for the heating of rubberized asphalt material. The term applies only if both the material being heated is a mix of asphalt and inert material and if an indirectmethod of heating is used.

****************************************

Chapter 16, Safeguards During Building Construction, Alteration, and Demolition Operations

{Note to Committee- Roof Deck is defined in Section 1502 of the FBC: The flat or sloped surface not includingits supporting members or vertical supports.}

Insert a new 16.8 and renumber the remainder of the chapter accordingly.

16.8 Rubberized Asphalt Melters for Roof Deck Systems

16.8.1 General.

16.8.1 The provisions of Section 16.8 shall apply to any type of fully enclosed chassis-mounted or portableRubberized Asphalt Melter using indirect heating of a mix of asphalt and inert material for application on roofsdecks.

16.8.1.1 Rubberized Asphalt Melter . (Melter) Portable equipment used for the heating of rubberized asphaltmaterial. The term applies only if both the material being heated is a mix of asphalt and inert material and if anindirect method of heating is used.

16.8.1.2 Indirect heating refers to an independent fully enclosed oil system that transfers heat from a burner tooil around the outside of a material vat which then heats the rubberized material. There is no direct burner orflame impingement on the material vat with indirect heating. Temperature rise in the material vat is gradual andcontrolled.

16.8.2 Permits. Permits, where required, shall comply with Section 1.12.

16.8.2.1 Permits for the operation of a Rubberized Asphalt Melter on a roof deck shall not be deemed a permitfor torches or burners. Any use of torches or burners will require a separate permit.

16.8.3 Rubberized Asphalt Melter Location. The melter shall be located and operated in a controlled area.The area shall be identified by the use of traffic cones, barriers, and other suitable means as designated by theAHJ.

16.8.3.1 Melters shall be permitted to be located and operated on roof decks.

16.8.3.2 The design load of the roof deck shall be capable of supporting the weight of the melter when loadedto capacity with rubberized asphalt material. The design load of the roof deck shall be as determined on buildingdrawings or by a design professional acceptable to the AHJ.

16.8.3.3 Melters shall be chocked in place on the roof deck at locations identified by the design professionaland acceptable to the AHJ.

16.8.3.4 Rubberized Asphalt Cakes for use in Melters shall be located on the roof at a location agreed upon bythe design professional and the AHJ.

16.8.3.5 Rubberized Asphalt Melters shall not be located inside of any building.

16.8.4 Exits.

16.8.4.1 Melters shall not block exits or a means of egress or escape to an exit.

16.8.4.2 Melters shall not be closer than 10 ft. from exits.

16.8.5 Fire Extinguishers.

16.8.5.1 Two approved 4-A:40-B:C fire extinguishers shall be provided and maintained within 25 ft. of themelter.

16.8.5.1.1 A minimum of one approved 4-A:40-B:C fire extinguisher shall be provided in close proximity to theroofing material application.

16.8.5.2 Each worker shall be instructed on the proper use of fire extinguishers and in the event of a fire to turn

National Fire Protection Association Report http://submittals.nfpa.org/TerraViewWeb/FormLaunch?id=/TerraView/C...

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off all Melter engines and burners and notify the fire department.

16.8.6 Melter Operation.

16.8. 6.1 Melters shall be operated according to manufacturer instructions. Melters shall operate using integralcontrol systems that include temperature controls for the diesel fired burner, the oil system, and the material vat.

16.8. 6.1.1 The diesel burner shall fire into an oil jacketed tank for uniform transfer. There shall be no openflame devices on rubberized asphalt melters.

16.8.6.1.2 All melters shall have Melter lids permanently attached. The Melter lids shall be kept closed at alltimes, except to add rubberized asphalt membrane cakes to the melter, in order to control the temperature ofthe melter and limit the production of smoke and fumes.

16.8.6.1.3 The property representative shall be familiar with the roof application process and shall assist theroofing contractor in identifying air intakes into the building and coordinating shut off and resupply of fresh airinto the building. This may include temporarily covering air intakes so as to make them smoke and odor proof.

16.8.6.2 Rubberized Asphalt Melter Supervision.

16.8.6.2.1 An operating melter shall be attended by an employee who is knowledgeable and solely dedicatedto the operation of the equipment and associated hazards.

16.8.6.2.2 The employee shall be within 25 ft. of the melter and shall have the melter within sight.

16.8.6.2.3 The employee shall remain in the area of the melter for a minimum of one-hour after the device isshut down.

16.8.6.2.4 The roofing contractor shall have the capability to immediately notify the fire department of anemergency on the site.

16.8.6.2.5 Copies of Material Safety Data Sheets and Rubberized Asphalt Melter manufacturer manuals shallbe readily accessible on the job site.

16.8.6.3 Construction.

16.8.6.3.1 The materials and methods of construction of melters shall be acceptable to the AHJ.

16.8.6.3.2 Loading doors shall be designed as a safety door integral to the tank and shall be provided withhandles that allow rubberized asphalt cakes to be lowered into the tank without operator exposure to the vatmaterial.

16.8.6.3.3 All melters shall have an approved, working visible temperature gauge that indicate the temperatureof the rubberized material being heated and the temperature of the oil system heating the material vat.

16.8.6.3.4 The Melter shall have limit switches that prevent the material vat from heating beyond 400 degreesF.

16.8.6.4 Fuel System.

16.8.6.4.1 Fuel containers shall be constructed and approved for the use for which they were designed. Melterfuel tanks shall be attached to the frame of the Melter.

16.8.6.4.2 Melters shall be diesel fuel or electrically powered.

16.8.6.4.3 Portable fuel tanks shall not be utilized to power Melters.

16.8.6.4.4 Diesel tanks and engines integral to Melters shall be maintained in accordance with manufacturerinstructions.

16.8.6.4.5 Refueling of diesel tanks shall be performed when the melter is off.

16.8.6.4.5.1 A refueling and spill prevention plan acceptable to the AHJ shall be utilized.

16.8.6.4.5.2 Refueling shall be conducted using approved safety cans.

16.8.6.4.6 No open flames shall be present within 20 feet of the refueling operation.

16.8.6.5 Maintenance.

16.8.5.1 Melters and all integral working parts shall be in good working condition and shall be maintained freeof excessive residue.

16.8.6.6 Minimum Requirements.

16.8. 6.6.1 Melters shall be operated as a complete unit as designed and built by the manufacturer. Fieldchanges that override controls or safety features shall not be permitted.


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16.8.6.6.2 Material vats on Melters shall have a capacity of 230 gallons or less. Material vats shall be apermanent integral part of the Melter unit.

16.8.6.6.3 The Melter chassis shall be substantially constructed and capable of carrying the load imposed uponit whether it is standing still or being transported.



differences.jpg Comparison of traditional tar kettle use versus Rubberized Asphalt Melters ✓


The inherent dangers of open flames as a part of construction processes has been recognized with particular emphasis on the use of torch applied roofing systems and tar kettles going back for more than two decades in NFPA 1. Recent editions moved the requirements and cautions for tar kettles and torch applied roofing systems to Chapter 16 that specifically addresses safeguards during building construction, alteration, and demolition operations. While this chapter contains a reference to NFPA 241, the torch applied roofing system requirements are not extracted from NFPA 241 and are the work of the Uniform Fire Code Committee.

This proposed change to NFPA 1 is important in distinguishing the differences between safe use of torches or tar kettles and rubberized asphalt melters on roof decks. Both operations need safeguards against the potential for fire, but with different constraints. This proposal separates out rubberized asphalt melters for use on roof decks brings with it recognition of fire safety as a part of that process.

Rubberized asphalt melters operate and perform differently from tar kettles as shown on the table which follows. Importantly the fuel used to provide indirect heating to the rubberized asphalt melter is diesel, there are temperature controls inherent in melters in part due to the need to maintain the roofing material at 350 to 380 degrees F. Overheating into the temperature range of ordinary combustibles makes the rubberized asphalt product unsuitable for roof deck application. Because of the lower application temperature on noncombustible roof decks the opportunity for fire with this method is greatly decreased when compared to tar kettles and torches.

The proposal is structured to provide for only approved equipment and methods to be permitted on roof locations, to insure exit access is always maintained, and to provide for fire extinguishers and responsible operation of equipment. The equipment construction and operation requirements are such that only a properly manufactured unit can be used and there are several national manufacturers that have equipment capable of meeting these requirements. Confirmation of roof deck ability to accommodate equipment loads prior to work beginning is a direct response to earlier committee comments.

The goal of Chapter 16 of NFPA 1 is to qualify operations necessary during construction as needing to be performed in a safe manner that will not put workers or the building at risk from fire. This proposal for Rubberized Asphalt Melters is consistent with the intent of the code while providing important differentiations from the more hazardous operations involving open flames and tar kettles. The language in this proposal was submitted as an amendment to the 2014 Florida Fire Prevention Code and NFPA 1 as adopted by the state of Florida. Proposing this change for the source document, NFPA 1 was encouraged by the Florida Fire Code Committee.

The request for this proposal and change has been brought about by the exponential increase in demand in Florida and throughout the United States for waterproofing products with greater efficacy for protecting structures. Billions of dollars’ in steel-reinforced concrete structural failures now exist in Miami-Dade County alone due to the failure of traditional cold-applied waterproofing materials in protecting structural elements. The need for improved deck coatings have resulted, via market demand by the design community, in the only workable solution being hot-applied rubberized asphaltic materials. Rubberized asphalt can only be melted in rubberized asphalt melters that control temperatures. There have been no roof deck failures with zero fires and zero litigation from the use of these materials and equipment on over 30 million square feet of roof decks in Florida alone.

The request for this code change is to clearly define that melters are NOT tar kettles and must comply with a different set of fire safety provisions as proposed here. Significantly melter equipment is operated without any open flame and fully enclosed material vats. Melter equipment enables the use of advanced roof covering materials that protect the structural integrity of concrete high rise or commercial structures and especially those adjacent to salt water.


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Submitter Full Name: GREGORY CAHANIN

Organization: CAHANIN FIRE & CODE CONSULTING

Affilliation: No affiliation on this proposal

Street Address:

City:

State:

Zip:


Copyright Assignment

I, GREGORY CAHANIN, hereby irrevocably grant and assign to the National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) all and full rights in copyright inthis Public Input (including both the Proposed Change and the Statement of Problem and Substantiation). I understand and intend that I acquireno rights, including rights as a joint author, in any publication of the NFPA in which this Public Input in this or another similar or derivative form isused. I hereby warrant that I am the author of this Public Input and that I have full power and authority to enter into this copyright assignment.

By checking this box I affirm that I am GREGORY CAHANIN, and I agree to be legally bound by the above Copyright Assignment and theterms and conditions contained therein. I understand and intend that, by checking this box, I am creating an electronic signature that will, uponmy submission of this form, have the same legal force and effect as a handwritten signature


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REQUEST FOR PROPOSALS FOR PROJECT CONTRACTOR

Hazard Assessment of Lithium Ion Batteries Used in Energy Storage Systems (ESS)

6 May 2015

Background: In recent years, there has been a marked increase in the deployment of lithium ion

batteries in energy storage systems (ESS). Many ESS are being deployed in both in high rise structures

and single- and multi-family residences. Local Authorities Having Jurisdiction (AHJs) along with the ESS

integrators and installers are challenged by the lack of clear direction on fire protection and suppression

in these installations. Without a recognized hazard assessment made available to standards developers,

AHJs, emergency responders, and industry, guidance on safe installation of these systems will lack a

technical basis.

Research Goal: The Foundation seeks a project contractor to develop a hazard assessment of the usage

of lithium ion batteries in ESS. This project is part of an overall initiative with the goal to develop safe

installation practices, fire protection guidance, and appropriate emergency response tactics for ESS.

Project Tasks: 1. Task 1: Literature Review and Gap Analysis. Provide a comprehensive review of available

literature related to ESS and lithium ion batteries, including the Department of Energy (DoE) Safety Roadmap, relevant codes and standards, review of incidents, review of related test plans, as well as existing and planned protection systems. The literature review should include situations of both commercial and residential ESS installations. Identify existing gaps in the information currently available and the practices utilized in the deployment of lithium ion batteries in ESS.

2. Task 2: Preliminary Hazard Assessment. Develop a detailed test plan to provide a preliminary assessment of hazards posed by lithium ion ESS. Fire testing will include an external fire exposure test to continue until the ESS is consumed. A test agency has offered to donate residential lithium ion ESSS systems and test services. Commercial ESS may also be donated for testing, if available. The test plan will be developed through a collaboration with the Panel and the testing agency. The contractor is not responsible for the completion of testing.

3. Task 3: Witness Test Plan Implementation. Witness the testing at the testing agency’s site. Observations of the testing as well as any data made available by the testing agency should be documented in a summary review of test results.

4. Task 4: Final Report. The final report should synthesize the information gathered in the completion of the previous Tasks to develop a comprehensive hazard assessment based on the available information and testing. Additionally, the report should include recommendations for

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http://www.nfpa.org/Foundation

future research, including pertinent information to be sought in future fire testing and/or modeling.

Implementation: This research program will be conducted under the auspices of the Fire Protection Research Foundation in accordance with Foundation Policies and will be guided by a Project Technical Panel of industry stakeholders who will provide input to the project, recommend contractor selection, review periodic reports of progress and research results, and review the final project report. Deliverables: A Tasks 1 and 2 interim (including actionable test plan), a draft final, and a final report will be developed. Final results will be presented at a proposed future ESS stakeholder summit and/or at another appropriate venue. Intellectual Property: The Research Foundation will retain rights to the project report which will be published on the Foundation website. Schedule and Costs: Proposals Due: 22 May 2015 Selection of Contractor: 29 May 2015 Tasks 1 & 2 Interim Report (including actionable test plan): 17 July 2015 Draft Final Report: 4 September 2015 Final Report: 2 October 2015 This is a fixed price project in the amount of $30,000. How To Respond: Letter proposals (not to exceed six pages) shall be submitted electronically to Casey Grant, Executive Director of the Foundation, at [email protected] no later than 5:00 pm Eastern time 22 May 2015. For additional details see “Research Project Guidelines for Contractors” on the FPRF website at: www.nfpa.org/Foundation. Each proposal shall include a description of the following which will be used as the basis for proposal evaluation: scope and approach, prior relevant experience and personnel expertise. This is a fixed price project in the amount of $30,000, which includes travel to the in-person meetings. Note: This project will proceed only on the basis of receipt of a proposal deemed acceptable to the Foundation and the project sponsor(s). Information on the Foundation’s policies for the conduct of research can be found on our website.

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National Fire Protection Association · 2016-03-28 · National Fire Protection Association 1 Batterymarch Park, Quincy, MA 02169-7471 Phone: 617-770-3000 • Fax: 617-770-0700 •