National Conference on Agriculture for Rabi Campaign, 2013

Group –IVInterventions to increase Oilseeds,

Pulses Production in different ecologiesDate : 24-25 Sept

Venue: National Agriculture Science Centre Pusa Complex, New Delhi

DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE & CANE DEVELOPMENTGOVERNMENT OF JHARKHAND 1

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JHARKHAND STATE PROFILE

Area in % Area in % Area in Lakhs HaArea in Lakhs Ha

* * Total Geographical AreaTotal Geographical Area : : 79.71 79.71 * * Total Cultivable Land Total Cultivable Land :: 38.00 38.00 * * Net Sown AreaNet Sown Area :: 28.08% 28.08% 25.7525.75* * Current FallowCurrent Fallow :: 11.12%11.12% 8.878.87* * Other FallowOther Fallow :: 08.46%08.46% 6.756.75* * ForestForest :: 29.20%29.20% 23.2823.28* * Barren LandsBarren Lands :: 7.20%7.20% 5.745.74* * Non – Agricultural UseNon – Agricultural Use :: 8.60%8.60% 6.866.86* * Pasture and Other Grazing Pasture and Other Grazing

LandLand :: 2.48%2.48% 1.971.97* * Cultivable Waste LandCultivable Waste Land :: 3.44%3.44% 2.742.74* * Irrigated landIrrigated land :: 12.73%12.73% 3.0073.007* * Cropping Intensity Cropping Intensity :: 116%116%

Average Normal rainfall -1200 to 1300 mm

Rainfall during June to Sept -80 % of total Rainfall

Present Trend of Rainfall - Rainfall delayed & Late onset of Monsoon

Upto 20th Sept 2013 3

Rainfall…..monthly distribution

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

Ra

infa

ll (m

m)

-25

25

75

125

175

225

Std

. De

v. &

CV

(%

)

Normal SD CV(%)

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Rainfall during April to Sept.(mm) S No. Year Source : Directorate of Agril. Source : IMD, Ranchi

Normal Actual Normal Actual

1 2013-14 992.1 820.7 1148.1 823.8

2 April 12.4 20.9 22.30 20.9

3 May, 42.2 78.7 44.9 78.7

4 June 167.7 162.9 196.6 162.9

5 July 276.1 197.4 327.0 197.4

6 Aug 273.5 266.3 322.5 266.3

7 21st Sept,13 220.2 94.5 234.8 97.65

Land Situation

• Total Cultivable Land - 38 lakh ha• Area under Kharif - 26 lakh ha• Area under Rabi - 6-7 Lakh ha • Upland Rice Area - 5-6 Lakh ha• Rice Fallow Area- 12-14 Lakh ha

There is a potential of taking Pulses & Oilseeds in 12-14 Lakh ha of Rice-Fallow area.

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APY of Cereals, Pulses, Oilseeds and others Crop 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11

A P Y A P Y A P Y

Cereals 1998.951 3866.587 1934 1282.024 1914.874 1494 1041.533 1534.982 1474

Pulses (Kharif)

222.948 131.351 589 172.983 114.854 649 278.255 187.466 673

Rabi 236.928 137.431 580 128.784 104.875 814 127.02 124.956 984

Total 459.876 268.782 584 301.767 219.729 728 405.275 312.422 770

Oilseeds (Kharif)

29.816 21.179 710 23.884 13.944 583 54.693 32.78 599

Rabi 100.706 52.127 518 117.573 64.931 552 127.320 80.880 635

Total 130.522 73.306 561 141.457 78.875 558 182.013 113.66 624

Others 155.165 934.487 16940 -- -- -- -- -- --Crop 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14*

A P Y A P Y A P Y

Cereals 2140.333 6367.733 2975 1792.453 4719.203 2415 1268.088 3064.199 1187

Pulses (Kharif) 287.472 243.792 848 336.253 314.771 936 315.858 309.580 981

Pulses(Rabi)

251.312 248.458 989 214.765 357.712 1666

Total 538.784 492.25 913 551.018 672.483 1220 - - -

Oilseeds (Kharif)

29.173 25.120 861 35.566 32.357 909 - - -

Rabi 199.694 130.403 653 196.714 153.055 773 - - -

Total 228.807 155.733 679 232.280 184.392 794 -

Others 6.607 457.309 69215 - - -

Area in ‘000 ha Production in ‘000 tonnes Yield in kg/ha

7* 1st Advance estimate

Coverage of Kharif and Rabi Pulses in ‘000 ha

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Production of Kharif and Rabi Pulses in ‘000 Tonnes

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Coverage of Kharif and Rabi Oilseeds in ‘000 ha

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Production of Kharif and Rabi Oilseeds in ‘000 Tonnes

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APY of different Pulses Crops

Crop 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11

A P Y A P Y A P YArhar 103.380 63.717 616 61.181 53.277 870 103.806 71.156 685

Urad 86.417 50.558 585 63.177 35.079 650 89.592 71.856 802

Moong 14.601 8.541 584 14.044 7.724 550 46.891 23.473 500

Kulthi 13.98 6.08 435 36.575 22.759 622 29.402 17.015 578

Bengal Gram 89.535 80.309 896 63.001 57.59 913 69.924 73.536 1052

Masur 19.514 15.803 809 42.726 34.461 806 20.939 17.210 822

Pea 25.808 34.901 1352 24.097 21.311 884 36.157 34.210 946

Crop 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 *

A P Y A P Y A P YArhar 137.741 125.906 914 192.737 199.819 1039 178.068 199.436 1120

Urad 99.591 88.851 892 95.962 86.812 905 98.452 86.638 880

Moong 17.261 11.682 696 25.497 16.068 630 20.960 11.738 560

Kulthi 15.772 9.460 625 11.253 6.634 590 - - -

Bengal Gram 149.474 154.819 1036 136.395 251.940 1847 - - -

Masur 50.030 42.235 844 38.465 44.109 1147 - - -

Pea 41.505 46.315 1116 23.997 48.193 2008

Area in ‘000 ha Production in ‘000 tonnes Yield in kg/ha

12* 1st Advance Estimate

Coverage of different Pulses crops (’000 ha)

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Productivity Chart of Arhar, Urad, Moong & Kulthi Unit in Kg/ha

Productivity Chart of Arhar, Urad, Moong & Kulthi Unit in Kg/ha

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Productivity (Kg/ha) Chart of Pea, Bengal Gram, Masur

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Popular varieties under Pulses

Sl. No. Crop Varieties

1. Arhar Bahar, Birsa Arhar-1, UPAS-120, ICPL-87119 (Asha), ICPL-85063 (Laxmi), ICPH- 2671, Narandra - 1

2. Black Gram (Urad) T9, Pant U-19, Pant U-30, Birsa Urad-1, Pant U-40

3. Green Gram (Moong) Pusa Vishal, SML- 668, K-851, PDM – 139, TM-37

4. Horse Gram (Kulthi) Birsa Kulthi-1, Madhu, A. K. -21, A. K. -42

5. Chickpea (Gram) BG-372, Pant G -114, Pusa -256, Kranti (ICCU-37), KWR -108, KPG-59, H.K.– 94 -134, KAK-2

6. Lentil (Masur) PL-406, PL – 639, KLS – 218, K- 75, HUL - 57

7. Pea DDR-23, Pusa Prabhat , Malviya Matar – 15

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Seed Production Status (Pulses) Year Crop Production in Qtls

2011-12 Arhar 2450 qtls

Lentil 25 qtls

Gram 250 qtls

Total 2725 qtls

2012-13 Arhar 1410 qtls

Gram 1000 qtls

Lentil 500 qtls

Total 2910 qtls

2013-14 * Arhar 17184 qtls

Blackgram 1540 qtls

Moong 1496 qtls

Gram 26500 qtls

Lentil 4000 qtls

Pea 8800 qtls

Total 59520 qtls 18* Targeted

APY of different oilseed crops

Crop 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11

A P Y A P Y A P Y

Groundnut 21.962 18.399 837 14.215 10.732 754 25.531 23.340 914

Niger 2.601 0.949 364 4.601 1.574 342 24.572 7.826 318

Sesamum 4.018 1.343 334 4.284 1.328 311 4.428 1.555 351

Mustard 66.921 36.232 541 96.256 55.695 578 110.863 72.371 653

Linseed 29.603 13.425 453 19.3842 8.464 426 15.873 8.163 514

Crop 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 *

A P Y A P Y A P Y

Groundnut 25.160 27.984 1112 22.404 26.272 1173 23.034 26.719 1160

Niger 7.491 3.896 520 4.600 2.420 526 1.005 0.583 580

Sesamum 7.681 2.771 361 8.247 2.921 354 7.804 5.300 680

Mustard 198.056 125.671 635 176.883 139.957 791Linseed 25.082 13.434 536 25.664 16.405 639

Area in ‘000 ha Production in ‘000 tonnes Yield in kg/ha

19* 1ST Advance Estimate

Coverage of different Oilseed crops (‘000 ha)

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Productivity (Kg/ha) Chart of Groundnut, Niger, Sesamum

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Productivity (Kg/ha) Chart of Mustard and Linseed

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Popular varieties under Oilseeds

S No. Crop Varieties

1. Groundnut Birsa Bold , A. K. 12-24, BG-1, BG-2, GG-13

2. Til Kanke Safed, Krishna, N-25

3. Soybean Brag, Birsa Soybean -1, J.S. -335, Birsa Safed Soybean-2, J-J. 80-21

4. Toria Toria-T9, PT-303, Panchali, Vardan

5. Rai/ Mustard Kranti, Pusa Bishal, Shivani, Pusa Bold

6. Niger Birsa Niger-1, Birsa Niger-2, Birsa Niger-3

7. Linseed T 397, Shekhar, Sweta, Shubhra

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Requirement & Availability of Seeds under Pulses & Oilseeds

Kharif, 2013

Crop Requirement in Qtls

Availability in Qtl Deficit in qtl (-)

Arhar 17184 1175 16089

Moong 748 - 748

Urad 2304 563.8 1740.20

Soyabean 1822 -- 1822

Tori 1295 - -

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Requirement & Availability of Seeds under Pulses & Oilseeds

Rabi, 2013-14

Crop Requirement in Qtls

Availability in Qtls * Deficit (-)

Bengal Gram

18750 10415 8335

Pea 6000 6750 (+) 750

Masur 6000 8605 (+) 2605

Mustard 9012 6560 2452

Linseed 1350 120 1230

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Procurement of Pulses & Oilseeds • No procurement of Pulses and Oilseed till last

year. • Effort for procurement of pulses & oilseed is

undertaken during 2012-13. • NAFED (Central Govt. Agency) tie-up for

procurement.• VEGFED (State level Agency) engaged for

procurement through PACs/ LAMPs• District wise target for procurement of Pulses /

Oilseed finalized on the basis of production. • Dy. Commissioner of concerned district

designated to oversees the procurement process.

• ATMA & other agencies are involved for awareness programme for procurement.

• 1036 qtls Urad was procured during 2012-13.26

Concerns in Oilseeds & Pulses

• Continued dependence of oilseeds on rainfed production system

• Non availability of quality seeds of improved varieties • Poor crop nutrition

– Sub-optimal and imbalanced use of major nutrients– Minimal use of secondary and micronutrients

• New biotic threats: • Inefficient processing• Inadequate marketing support and non-remunerative prices

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Past growth Past growth – 49% contributed by area expansion

51% by productivity improvement

Area expansion in oilseed and Pulses crops which have

Shown higher growth rate of productivity due to technological development

Whose relative prices with competing crops have moved in their favour

Higher growth rates combined with higher prices resulting in sharp increases in total profitability

Area Expansion

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Area Expansion

• Use of fallow / barren land under pulses and oilseed through land

reclamation and use of INM.

• Rice – fallow be used with short duration pulses & oilseed crops.

• Under remmunerative cropping system oilseed and pulses crop be used

as catch crop or relay crop.• Crop intensification in underutilized farming situations like rice -fallows• Intercropping in widely spaced crops• Situations of limited water availability• As options under contingency planning and as catch crops• Replacement of less-remunerative crops• Promotion of oilseed and Pulses crops in saline and acid soils• Crop diversification in rice-rice and rice-wheat system areas

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Enhancing Oilseeds & Pulses Productivity

A combination of land saving technologies involving :

- High yielding varieties/hybrids

- Balanced and integrated crop nutrition

- Efficient crop management

- Integrated pest management

- Mechanisation

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Nutrient Management in Oilseeds & Pulses

• Oilseeds & Pulses are energy rich crops grown under energy starved conditions

• Good response to major, (N, P, K); secondary (S) and micronutrients (Zn, B, Mo)

• Need for fertilizer management on a cropping system basis for high use efficiency

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Biofertilizers in Oilseed & Pulses Production• Seed innoculation with Rhizobium in pulses

and Some oilseeds (Groundnut and Soybean) to save 20-25 kg N /ha.

• Seed treatment with Azospirillum and Azotobacter saves 20 to 30 kg N/ha in sesame, mustard, sunflower and safflower

• Application of phosphorus solubilising bacteria (PSB) mobilizes fixed P in soil and reduces P requirement

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Irrigation

More than 77% of oilseeds & Pulses area is rainfed

Water requirements of oilseeds & Pulses are low as compared to cereals

Productivity of most oilseed & Pulses crops can almost be doubled with just one or two irrigations during critical stages

Diversify with oilseed and Pulses crops when water supplies are limited

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Efficient Crop Management

Low cost and no cost technologies Crop rotation to improve soil health and to reduce pest build

up Soil and moisture conservation measures Timely planting Adequate plant stand through adjustment in seed rate and

thinning Timely weed management to reduce crop weed competition Need based plant protection with bioagents and biopesticides Promotion of PGPR like Rhizobium, Azotobacter, Azospirillum,

PSB, etc. Liming in acid soil to improve crop productivity.

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Important Insect Pests and Diseases of Oilseed Crops

Groundnut Leaf Spot Bud Necrosis Root Grub Spodoptera

Rapeseed-Mustard

Sunflower Alternaria leaf blight NecrosisCapitulum borer

Contd…

White rust AphidAlternaria

Soybean Tobacco caterpillar

Girdle beetle grub Green semilooper

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Important Insect Pests and Diseases of Pulses Crops

Pigeonpea Pod borer Wilt

Black gram

Pea Powdary mildew RustPod borer

Pod borer Yellow mosaicHairy catter pillar

Chickpea Pod borer Wilt

Sterlity mosaic

Sucking insect Leaf wrinkle

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Managing Insect Pests and Diseases

• Integrated Pest Management (IPM) practices

have been standardised involving resistant

varieties, biocontrol agents, biopesticides and

need-based use of chemicals

• Additional benefit with IPM ranges from Rs.

2500/ha to Rs. 7600/ha in different oilseed &

Pulses crops

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Preparedness for monitoring and Surveillance of insects, pests and diseases

• Selection of farmers facilitator / Scout one at every 100 ha

area.

• Weekly report about occurrence of insect, pest & diseases by

farmers facilitator / Scout under his area.

• Monitoring by ADO’s at block level (1000 ha) area.

• Constitution of Disaster Management Group at district level.

To keep surveillance on insect pest and diseases infestation in pulses and oilseed crops following arrangement may be made on the pattern of NFSM – A3P Pulses programme.

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Strategy for enhancing Cost Benefit Ratio in Pulses and Oilseeds for making crops more

profitable

• Selection of area specific suitable crop variety.

• Use of higher yield potential crop varieties.

• Use of INM and IPM to increase productivity.

• To ensure one or two irrigation at critical growth stages.

• Proper marketing facility to fetch higher profitability in

local market.

• Arrangement for 100% seed treatment / seed

innoculation.

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Innovative technology to be taken at farmers field during Rabi - 2013-14

• Arrangement for 100% seed treatment / seed

inoculation.

• Use of Sulphur at 20kgs/ha.

• Use of raingun to provide irrigation at critical growth

stages.

• Incentive to farmers for INM/IPM.

• Incentive for farm mechanization.

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Future Research Thrusts

• Yield enhancement with resistance to biotic and

abiotic stresses

• Developing varieties suitable for different seasons/

situations

• Hybrid development and seed production

technology

• Biotechnological approaches

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Road Map for Oilseed & Pulses Sector Expand oilseed and Pulses area

• Rice fallows and non-traditional areas• Intercropping• Crop diversification

Effective technology dissemination for enhancing productivity • Quality seed of improved varieties• Balanced crop nutrition• Protective irrigation• Effective crop management• Integrated pest management

Provide favorable policy back up• Decontrol of traditional oilseeds and Pulses from small scale sector to enhance efficiency of

processing• Effective market interventions• Favourable trade policy

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Improving Production and Productivity of Oilseeds & Pulses in India

Favourable Policy Framework(Processing, Marketing, Trade)

Area Expansion• Replacing non-remunerative crops

• Rice fallows

• Intercropping

• Problem areas

• Contingency plans

• Water scarce situations

• Value addition as an incentive

• Diversification in Rice-Wheat System

Productivity Improvement• Quality seed• Protective irrigation• Increased fertilizer use

(major, secondary and micro nutrients)

• Farm mechanisation• Efficient crop management• Effective technology transfer• Over coming biotic/abiotic stresses

through novel approaches (long-term)

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• A3P unit of Rabi pulses demonstration in each NFSM (Pulses) district.

• Govt. of India is requested to include the state in oilseed programme.

• Increase of allocation under pulses (NFSM – Pulses) programme.

Issues for consideration

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THANK YOU

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