National Air Pollution Control Programme, 2019, Sweden ... Fi… · Most ammonia emissions into the air in Sweden come from agriculture, which in 2017 accounted for as much as 88

National Air Pollution Control Programme, 2019, Sweden

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Translation Services of the European Commission

Title of the programme, contact information and websites

Title of the programme National Air Pollution Control Programme

Date 28/03/2019

Member State Sweden

Name of competent authority responsible for drawing up the programme

Swedish Environmental Protection Agency

Telephone number of responsible service +46-10-698 1000

Email address of responsible service [email protected]

Link to website where the programme is published

http://www.naturvardsverket.se/Miljoarbete-i-samhallet/Miljoarbete-i-Sverige/Uppdelat-efter-omrade/Luft/Luftvardsprogram/

Link(s) to website(s) on the consultation(s) on the programme

http://www.naturvardsverket.se/Stod-i-miljoarbetet/Remisser-och-Yttranden/Remisser/Remisser-2018/Forslag-till-nationellt-luftvardsprogram/

Executive summary

Under the Air Pollution Control Ordinance (2018:740), the Swedish Government is required to adopt a national air pollution control programme. The

programme must subsequently be updated at least once every four years. The aim of the programme is to describe how Sweden will meet its commitments

to reduce emissions of certain atmospheric pollutants to achieve its commitments under the Emissions Reduction Directive (Directive (EU) 2016/2284).

Implementation of the Directive at EU level will, together with other EU rules, more than halve the number of premature deaths within the EU due to

atmospheric pollutants in 2030 compared to 2005. It will also reduce sulphur dioxide emissions within the EU-28 by 79 per cent by 2030 compared with

2005, and nitrogen oxide emissions by 63 per cent. This means significant reductions in the depositions of acidifying and eutrophifying pollution over

Sweden, which will reduce the negative impact of atmospheric pollutants on ecosystems. The benefits of reduced emissions are not just local; reducing

emissions in Sweden will also benefit other countries which, just like Sweden, benefit from reduced emissions in neighbouring countries. Meeting the

requirements of the Directive means working together with other EU countries to achieve a shared solution to a shared problem.

In this, the first national air pollution control programme, the focus is mainly on measures that need to be taken to meet the emissions ceilings. According to

the current estimated development of emissions of the pollutants that fall within the scope of the Directive, i.e. SO2, NOx, NH3, NMVOCs and PM2.5,

Sweden will need to take further measures to reduce ammonia emissions by 2020 and nitrogen oxides by 2030.

In addition to this annex, the Swedish Board of Agriculture’s brochure ‘God jordbrukarsed för att begränsa ammoniakförluster’ (Good farming practice to

limit ammonia loss) (Jordbruksinformation 13, 2006) [https://www2.jordbruksverket.se/webdav/files/SJV/trycksaker/Pdf_jo/jo06_13.pdf]and the recently

adopted ban on the use of fertiliser containing ammonium carbonate (the Chemical Products (Handling, Import and Export Prohibitions) Ordinance

(1998:944)) are considered to be part of the national air pollution control programme.

A consultation took place as part of the Environmental Protection Agency’s work on drafting a proposal for a national air pollution control programme. Once

replies to the consultation had been received, some adjustments were made to the proposed programme, mainly as regards the estimate of potential

reduction levels in a couple of sectors. These adjustments are also reflected in the adopted programme. Dialogue with the parties involved will also be

necessary when implementing the national air pollution control programme.

The national air quality and pollution policy framework

Policy priorities and their relationship to priorities set in other relevant policy areas

The national emission reduction commitments compared with 2005 base year (in %)

SO2 NOx NMVOCs NH3 PM2.5

2020 to 2029 22 36 25 15 19

From 2030 22 66 36 17 19

The air quality priorities: national policy priorities related to EU or national air quality objectives (incl. limit values and target values, and exposure concentration obligations).

The overall national target of environmental policy is to pass on a society to the next generation in which the major environmental problems are solved, without creating increased environmental and health problems outside Sweden’s borders. Together, the generational target, the 16 environmental targets and the milestone targets make up Sweden’s system of environmental targets. The generational target and its explanatory notes indicate the general aim of environmental work, while the individual environmental targets and milestone targets focus on more specific problems. The air-related environmental targets are primarily Fresh air, Only natural acidification and No eutrophication. (www.sverigesmiljomal.se)

http://www.sverigesmiljomal.se/

Sweden’s environmental quality standards are intended to protect human health and the environment, and to meet the requirements pursuant to EU directives concerning target and limit values for air quality. Environmental quality standards were introduced with the Environmental Code in 1999, while environmental quality standards for outdoor air are laid down in the Air Quality Ordinance (2010:477). The Air Pollution Control Ordinance (2018:740) transposes the amended Emissions Reductions Directive. It entered into force on 1 July 2018. The Ordinance applies to the work of the Swedish Environmental Protection Agency and other authorities in drawing up air pollution control programmes, emissions statistics, scenarios, environmental monitoring and reporting to the EU under the Directive.

Relevant climate and energy policy priorities:

In 2017, the Government approved a climate policy framework for Sweden which entered into force in 2018. This framework has three parts: The Climate Act (2017:720), climate policy objectives and a Swedish Climate Policy Council (www.klimatpolitiskaradet.se). The long-term climate target is for Sweden to reduce its net atmospheric greenhouse-gas emissions to zero by 2045 at the latest, with a view to having negative emissions thereafter. Emissions in the non-trading sector are set to decrease by 40 per cent by 2020, 63 per cent by 2030 and 75 per cent by 2040, all in comparison with 1990. The Climate Leap (Klimatklivet) and urban environmental agreements (Stadsmiljöavtalen) contribute towards investments in transportation and the urban environment, and can also contribute to reduced emissions of atmospheric pollutants in all areas.

Relevant policy priorities in relevant policy areas, incl. agriculture, industry and transport

The Government’s ambition is for Sweden to become the world’s first fossil-free prosperous country. This will help meet the reduction commitments in many ways, above all as regards NO2. Fossil-free transportation may be facilitated as part of the Climate Leap, for example by expanding the infrastructure for fossil-free charging and filling of vehicles and investments in the production and distribution of biogas. The urban environmental agreements are intended to promote urban environments using energy-efficient solutions and promote innovative, resource-efficient solutions with considerable capacity for both public transport and cycling. This contributes towards reduced atmospheric pollutants in cities. One milestone target within the transport sector which is clearly linked to air pollution control is that emissions from domestic transportation (except domestic flights) will be reduced by 70 per cent by 2030 compared with 2010. The climate target for domestic transportation is a practical step towards the previous political priority of making the Swedish vehicle fleet fossil-free by 2030.

Responsibilities attributed to national, regional and local authorities

List the relevant authorities Describe the type of authority (e.g. environmental inspectorate, regional environment agency, municipality)

Describe the attributed responsibilities in the areas of air quality and air pollution Select from the following: - Policy making roles - Implementation roles - Enforcement roles - Reporting and monitoring

roles - Coordinating roles - Other Functions

National authority Swedish Environmental Protection Agency

- Implementation; - Reporting and Monitoring - Coordination

Swedish Energy Agency - Implementation; - Coordination

Swedish Transport Administration

- Implementation; - Coordination

Swedish Transport Agency - Implementation; - Coordination

Swedish Board of Agriculture - Implementation; - Coordination

Regional public authority County Administrative Boards - Coordination - Supervision

Local public authority Municipalities - Implementation; - Reporting and Monitoring - Supervision

Progress made by current policies and measures (PaMs) in reducing emissions and improving air quality, and the degree of compliance with national and

Union obligations, compared to 2005

Progress made by current PaMs in reducing emissions, and the degree of compliance with national and Union emission reduction obligations

Describe progress made by current PaMs in reducing emissions, and the degree of compliance with national and Union emission reduction legislation

Atmospheric pollutants have a negative effect on both human health and the ecosystem. Gap analysis The projected emissions are the emissions anticipated for Sweden in 2020 and 2030 given the decisions already adopted. The gap between commitment and projection is therefore the

further emissions reduction needed for Sweden to meet its commitment, see Table 1 below. The table shows that Sweden is estimated to meet most of its commitments. By 2020, Sweden still needs to take further measures to reduce ammonia emissions by just under one kilotonne more than projected. Further efforts are needed to reduce NOx emissions by 12.7 kilotonnes more than anticipated by 2030. Sweden is considered to be able to meet the indicative target for all pollutants by 2025. This also applies to ammonia, provided that measures are taken to achieve the 2020 level. Emissions Most ammonia emissions into the air in Sweden come from agriculture, which in 2017 accounted for as much as 88 per cent. The pre-dominance of agriculture emissions among emissions at national level has not changed that much over time. Most emissions arise during the storage and spreading of fertiliser. According to the current scenario with estimated emissions for 2020, 2025 and 2030, the total emissions will decrease somewhat, but agriculture will remain the largest single source of ammonia emissions (Figure 2). Nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions have more than halved since 1990. The largest sources of national NOx emissions are road traffic, industry and working machinery. In 2017, nitrogen oxide emissions from transport accounted for approximately 40 per cent of the total emissions. Since 1990, emissions have decreased by about

70 per cent. Most emissions come from road traffic, and mostly from passenger vehicles and heavy goods vehicles. However, between 2011 and 2017 emissions from passenger vehicles increased by 25 per cent due to a sharp increase in the number of diesel vehicles. Since 2007, nitrogen oxide emissions from diesel cars have trebled. Industry is now the sector with the second-highest nitrogen oxide emissions. In 2017, this sector was responsible for 22 per cent of total emissions, of which approximately half come from incineration within industry and half from industrial processes. Incineration emissions have halved since 1990, while emissions from industrial processes have decreased by 14 per cent. In 2017, recovery boilers in the paper and pulp industry accounted for 84 per cent of process emissions. In 2016, working machinery in forestry and agriculture, industry and households accounted for 14 per cent of total emissions. Emissions have almost halved since 1990. Just under half of the emissions originate from working machinery in industry. Nitrogen oxide emissions continue to decrease; the greatest decrease is within the transport sector. This means that in the future, industry will be the source of most emissions, so emissions in this sector are not expected to decrease at the same rate, see Figure 3.

Provide complete references (chapter and page) to publically available supporting datasets (e.g. historic emission inventory reporting)

Emissions statistics: http://www.naturvardsverket.se/Sa-mar-miljon/Klimat-och-luft/Statistik-om-luft/Utslapp-av-luftfororeningar/

http://www.naturvardsverket.se/Sa-mar-miljon/Klimat-och-luft/Statistik-om-luft/Utslapp-av-luftfororeningar/



Emissions projection: http://www.naturvardsverket.se/Sa-mar-miljon/Klimat-och-luft/Statistik-om-luft/Utslapp-av-luftfororeningar/Scenario-for-utslapp-av-luftfororeningar/

Figure 1: Historical and future emissions of different atmospheric pollutants (SO2, NOx, NMVOCs, PM2.5 and NH3) between 1990 and 2035.

Table 1. Emissions statistics for 2005 and projection for 2020, 2025 and 2013, and gap to national commitment (converted into kilotonnes, kt) according to

emission inventory reporting and projection reported on 15 February and 15 March 2019.

http://www.naturvardsverket.se/Sa-mar-miljon/Klimat-och-luft/Statistik-om-luft/Utslapp-av-luftfororeningar/Scenario-for-utslapp-av-luftfororeningar/




Pollutant 2005-Emissions kt

Projection 2020 kt

Projection 2025 kt

Projection 2030 kt

Gap 2020 kt

Gap 2025 kt

Gap 2030 kt

NOx 173 96 82 72 - - 12.7

SO2 36 18 18 18 - - -

NMVOCs 176 112 107 104 - - -

NH3 58 50 49 48 0.9 0.4 -

PM2.5 31 19 18 17 - - -

Figure 2: Distribution of ammonia emissions per sector in 2017, 2020, 2025 and 2030.

Figure 3: Historical and future nitrogen oxide emissions by sector for 2017, 2020, 2025 and 2030.

Key to tables:

Uppvärmning av bostäder och lokaler = heating of housing and buildings

Inrikestransporter = domestic transport

Lösningsmedel och övrig produktanvändning = Solvents and other product use

El och fjärrvärme = electricity and district heating

Avfall = waste

Arbetsmaskiner = working machinery

Progress made by current PaMs in improving air quality, and the degree of compliance with national and Union air quality obligations

Describe progress made by current PaMs in improving air quality, and the degree of compliance with national and Union air quality obligations by, as a minimum, specifying the number of air quality zones, out of the total air quality zones, that are (non)compliant with EU air quality objectives for NO2, PM10, PM2.5 and O3, and any other pollutant(s) for which there are exceedances

Air quality in Sweden is relatively good, but there are still areas with raised concentrations mainly of nitrogen oxide, particles and ground-level ozone. The most recent evaluation of the environmental target of fresh air reports that the concentrations in street areas, urban backgrounds and regional backgrounds continues to decrease slowly with regard to nitrogen oxide and particles, while there is no clear trend for ozone concentrations. There is a downward trend for exceedances of the limit values for either PM10 or NO2. The limit value for PM10 was exceeded in only two places in 2017. The NO2 levels were below the limit values at all measuring stations in Sweden. See Table 2.

Provide complete references (chapter and page) to publically available supporting datasets (e.g.

‘Frisk luft – Underlagsrapport till den fördjupade utvärderingen av miljömålen 2019’ (Fresh air -

air quality plans, source apportionment) Supporting report for the in-depth evaluation of the 2019 environmental targets). Report 6861, Swedish Environmental Protection Agency (2019), Chapter 1.4, pp. 22-32. Reported air quality data: http://cdr.eionet.europa.eu/se/eu/aqd

Table 2. Exceedance of EU air quality objectives

No of zones exceeding the values for pollutant concerned1

Year NO22 PM10 (24-hr) PM2.5 (yr) O33 CO (8-h)

2017 - 2 - 5 (8-h, LTO) 1 (AOT)

1

2016 2 1 - 6 (8-h, LTO) 3 (AOT40)

1

2015 1 1 - 4 (8-h, LTO)

1 All limit values except O3, which is the target value. 2 Only exceedance of annual average; EU’s limit value for the 1-hr mean has been kept to throughout Sweden. 3 8-H LTO corresponds to the 8-hour average value that may not be exceeded in a 24-hour period. This is the same as the Swedish environmental quality standard, which corresponds to the long-term ozone target under the Ambient Air Quality Directive. AOT40 corresponds to an exposure index for ozone concentrations higher than 80 μg/m3 (40 ppb) during the growing season.

http://cdr.eionet.europa.eu/se/eu/aqd

Current transboundary impact of domestic emission sources

Where relevant, describe the current transboundary impact of domestic emission sources.

Sweden exports approximately two thirds of its sulphur dioxide emissions, 80 per cent of nitrogen oxide emissions and 60 per cent of ammonia emitted. However, Sweden is a net importer of air pollution overall.

Projected further evolution assuming no change to already adopted policies and measures

Projected emissions and emission reductions (WM scenario)

Pollutant Total national emissions (kilotonnes)

Percentual reduction according to projection

National emission reduction commitment for 2020-2029 (%)

National emission reduction commitment from 2030 (%) 2005

base year

2020 2025 2030 2020 2025 2030

SO2 36 18 18 18 49 50 50 22 22

NOx 173 96 82 72 45 53 59 36 66

NMVOCs 176 112 107 104 37 39 41 25 36

NH3 58 50 49 48 13 15 17 15 17

PM2.5 31 19 18 17 38 41 44 19 19

Date of emission projections 15 March 2019

Projected impact on improving air quality (WM scenario), including the projected degree of compliance.

Qualitative description of projected improvement in air quality

Provide a qualitative description of the projected improvements in air quality and projected

There is no clear general trend in Sweden for PM10 concentrations compared with the current

further evolution of degree of compliance (WM scenario) with EU air quality objectives for NO2, PM10, PM2.5 and O3 values, and any other pollutant(s) that present(s) a problem by 2020, 2025 and 2030. Provide complete references (chapter and page) to publically available supporting datasets (e.g. air quality plans, source apportionment) describing the projected improvements and further evolution of degree of compliance.

situation. Small reductions in the urban background are anticipated due to technological developments, but changes in street areas are harder to predict and will depend on changes in traffic volumes and the use of studded tyres. PM2.5 concentrations are anticipated to decrease somewhat by 2020 and even more by 2030. Reductions are anticipated both in urban background environments and in street environments due to improved technology and reduced inward transportation from neighbouring countries. However, some marginal exceedance of the environmental quality target may still occur, especially in southern Sweden. The projections for ground-level ozone show a generally slow downward trend in concentrations. It is still considered highly unlikely that the anticipated decrease in concentrations will be enough to meet the environmental quality target. The pollutant expected to decrease the most in this period as a result of the measures already adopted is nitrogen dioxide. Despite the reductions, it is expected that the environmental quality target will still be exceeded in a number of major Swedish cities in 2020. It is difficult to assess the situation up until 2030. To a large extent it will depend on how the proportion of diesel vehicles develops. Although measures within the energy sector will lead to the greatest reductions, the main one being the implementation of the Euro-6 standard for vehicles.

Ref.: ‘Frisk luft – Underlagsrapport till den fördjupade utvärderingen av miljömålen 2019’ (Fresh air - Supporting report for the in-depth evaluation of the 2019 environmental targets). Report 6861, Swedish Environmental Protection Agency (2019), Chapter 4, pp. 79-82.

Policy options considered in order to comply with the emission reduction commitments for 2020, and 2030, intermediate emission levels for 2025

Details concerning the PaMs considered in order to comply with the emission reduction commitments (reporting at PaM level)

Name and brief description of individual PaM or package of PaMs

Affected pollutant: SO2, NOx, NMVOCs, NH3, PM2.5

Objectives of individual PaM/package of PaMs

Types of measures Primary sectors concerned

Implementation

Authorit(y)(ies) responsible for implementation

Details of the methodologies used for analysis

Quantified expected emission reductions (for individual PaM or for packages of PaMs, as appropriate) (kt, per annum or as a range, compared to WM scenario)

Start Finish 2020

2025

2030

Change from broadcast to bandspread

NH3 Low-emission application of fertiliser/manure on cropland and grassland

Voluntary/negotiated agreements;

Agriculture 2019 2020 Swedish Board of Agriculture

SCB (2016) Statistics database: Fertiliser in agriculture 2015/16 Mineral and livestock manure for various crops and the treatment and storage of livestock manure

0.7 0.7

Same-day NH3 Low-emission Voluntary/negotiat Agriculture 2019 2020 Swedish SCB (2016) 0.1 0.1

ploughing under

application of fertiliser/manure on cropland and grassland

ed agreements; Board of Agriculture

Statistics database: Fertiliser in agriculture 2015/16 Mineral and livestock manure for various crops and the treatment and storage of livestock manure

Covering for urine containers

NH3 Improved animal waste management systems

Voluntary/negotiated agreements;

Agriculture 2019 2020 Swedish Board of Agriculture

SCB (2016) Statistics database: Fertiliser in agriculture 2015/16 Mineral and livestock manure for various crops and the treatment and storage of livestock manure

0.1 0.1

Improved flue gas cleaning of existing incineration facilities

NOx Installation of treatment technologies

Source-based pollution control Economic instruments

Energy supply Energy consumption

2022 2030 Swedish Environmental Protection Agency

Swedish Environmental Protection Agency (2018). Annual summary of results of kg NOx per MWh in 2017, naturvardsverket.se (results of the

2 (1-3)

nitrogen oxide charge)

Improved cleaning of recovery boilers


Source-based pollution control

Industrial processes


Emissions statistics for 2017 (2019 submission)

0.8 (0.2-1.4)

Improved cleaning of lime kilns






0.7 (0.5-0.9)

Improved cleaning of TSR burners






0.4 (0.3-0.6)

Improved cleaning of sulphite burners






0.4 (0.3-0.6)

Energy efficiency and lignin extraction

NOx Other energy consumption

Economic instruments

Energy consumption



1.3 (0.6-2.1)

Measures to reach the transport climate target by 2030

NOx Efficiency improvements of vehicles, vessels and aircraft Modal shift to public transport or non-motorised transport Alternative fuels for vehicles, vessels and

Economic instruments Fiscal instruments Voluntary/negotiated agreements Information Planning

Transport 2020 2045 Swedish Energy Agency, Swedish Transport Administration, Swedish Transport Agency

Modelling with HBEFA 3.3 Projection based on 2017 submission Scenario for meeting climate targets based on climate scenario

5 (4-5)

aircraft (including electric) Demand management/reduction Improved behaviour Improved transport infrastructure

3 and 4 reported in the supplementary information to the guideline planning Swedish Transport Administration (2016). ‘Åtgärder för att minska transportsektorns utsläpp av växthusgaser – ett regeringsuppdrag’ (Measures to reduce emissions of greenhouse gases by the transport sector - a Government assignment’) 2016:111

Phasing out of older passenger vehicles, diesel

NOx Other transportation Economic instruments Fiscal instruments

Transportation

2025 2030 Not yet decided


1.7


Phasing out of older light trucks, diesel

NOx Other transportation Economic instruments Fiscal instruments

Transport 2025 2030 Not yet decided


0.3


Additional details concerning the measures from Annex III Part 2 to Directive (EU) 2016/2284 targeting the agricultural sector to comply with the emission

reduction commitments

Is the PaM included in the national air pollution control programme? Yes/No

If yes, indicate section/page number in programme:

Has the PaM been applied exactly? Yes/No If no, describe the modifications that have been made

A. Measures to control ammonia emissions

1. Member States shall establish a national advisory code of good agricultural practice to control ammonia emissions, taking into account the UNECE Framework Code for Good Agricultural Practice for Reducing Ammonia Emissions of 2014, covering at least the following items: a) nitrogen management, taking into account the whole nitrogen cycle; b) livestock feeding strategies; c) low-emission manure spreading techniques; d) low-emission manure storage systems; e) low-emission animal housing systems; f) possibilities for limiting ammonia emissions from the use of mineral fertilisers.

Yes 1 Yes

2. Member States may establish a national nitrogen budget to monitor the changes in overall losses of reactive nitrogen from agriculture, including ammonia, nitrous oxide,

No

ammonium, nitrates and nitrites, based on the principles set out in the UNECE Guidance Document on Nitrogen Budgets

3. Member States shall prohibit the use of ammonium carbonate fertilisers and may reduce ammonia emissions from inorganic fertilisers by using the following approaches: a) replacing urea-based fertilisers by ammonium nitrate-based fertilisers; b) where urea-based fertilisers continue to be applied, using methods that have been shown to reduce ammonia emissions by at least 30 % compared with the use of the reference method, as specified in the Ammonia Guidance Document; c) promoting the replacement of inorganic fertilisers by organic fertilisers and, where inorganic fertilisers continue to be applied, spreading them in line with the foreseeable requirements of the receiving crop or grassland with respect to nitrogen and phosphorus, also taking into account the existing nutrient content in the soil and nutrients from other fertilisers.

Yes 1 Yes

4. Member States may reduce ammonia emissions from livestock manure by using the following approaches:

No

a) reducing emissions from slurry and solid manure application to arable land and grassland, by using methods that reduce emissions by at least 30 % compared with the reference method described in the Ammonia Guidance Document and on the following conditions: i) only spreading manures and slurries in line with the foreseeable nutrient requirement of the receiving crop or grassland with respect to nitrogen and phosphorous, also taking into account the existing nutrient content in the soil and the nutrients from other fertilisers; ii) not spreading manures and slurries when the receiving land is water saturated, flooded, frozen or snow covered; iii) applying slurries spread to grassland using a trailing hose, trailing shoe or through shallow or deep injection; iv) incorporating manures and slurries spread to arable land within the soil within four hours of spreading. b) reducing emissions from manure storage outside of animal houses, by using the following approaches: i) for slurry stores constructed after

1 January 2022, using low emission storage systems or techniques which have been shown to reduce ammonia emissions by at least 60 % compared with the reference method described in the Ammonia Guidance Document, and for existing slurry stores at least 40 %; ii) covering stores for solid manure; iii) ensuring farms have sufficient manure storage capacity to spread manure only during periods that are suitable for crop growth. c) reducing emissions from animal housing, by using systems which have been shown to reduce ammonia emissions by at least 20 % compared with the reference method described in the Ammonia Guidance Document; d) reducing emissions from manure, by using low protein feeding strategies which have been shown to reduce ammonia emissions by at least 10 % compared with the reference method described in the Ammonia Guidance Document.

B. Emission reduction measures to control emissions of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and black carbon

1. Without prejudice to Annex II on cross-compliance of Regulation (EU) No 1306/2013 of the European Parliament and of the Council (1), Member States may ban open field

No

burning of agricultural harvest residue and waste and forest residue. Member States shall monitor and enforce the implementation of any ban implemented in accordance with the first subparagraph. Any exemptions to such a ban shall be limited to preventive programmes to avoid uncontrolled wildfires, to control pest or to protect biodiversity.

2. Member States may establish a national advisory code of good agricultural practices for the proper management of harvest residue, on the basis of the following approaches: a) improvement of soil structure through incorporation of harvest residue; b) improved techniques for incorporation of harvest residue; c) alternative use of harvest residue; d) improvement of the nutrient status and soil structure through incorporation of manure as required for optimal plant growth, thereby avoiding burning of manure (farmyard manure, deep-straw bedding).

No

C. Preventing impacts on small farms

In taking the measures outlined in Sections A and B, Member States

No

shall ensure that impacts on small and micro farms are fully taken into account. Member States may, for instance, exempt small and micro farms from those measures where possible and appropriate in view of the applicable reduction commitments.

The policies selected for adoption by sector, including a timetable for their adoption, implementation and review and the competent authorities

responsible

Individual PaMs or package of PaMs selected for adoption and the competent authorities responsible

Name and brief description of individual PaM or package of PaMs

Currently planned year of adoption

Currently planned timetable for implementation Currently planned timetable for review (in case different from general update of the national air pollution control programme every four years)

Competent authorities responsible for the individual PaM or package of PaMs

Start year End year

Change from broadcast to bandspread

2019 2019 2020 2021 Swedish Board of Agriculture

Same-day ploughing under


Covering for urine containers


Improved flue gas cleaning of existing incineration facilities

2020 2022 2030 2025 Swedish Environmental Protection Agency

Improved cleaning of 2022 2025 2030 2027 Swedish Environmental

recovery boilers Protection Agency

Improved cleaning of lime kilns


Improved cleaning of TSR burners


Improved cleaning of sulphite burners


Energy efficiency and lignin extraction


Measures to reach the transport climate target by 2030

2020 2020 2045 2025 Swedish Energy Agency, Swedish Transport Administration, Swedish Transport Agency

Phasing out of older passenger vehicles, diesel

2022 2025 2030 2027 Not yet decided

Phasing out of older light trucks

2022 2025 2030 2027 Not yet decided

Explanation of the choice of selected measures and an assessment of how selected PaMs ensure coherence with plans and programmes set up in other

relevant policy areas

Coherence of the selected PaMs with air quality objectives at national level and, where appropriate, in neighbouring Member States

In terms of meeting the target and limit values for air quality, NO2, PM10 and O3 are the greatest problems for Sweden. The air pollution control programme will make a positive contribution towards lower concentrations, mainly for NO2 but also for other atmospheric pollutants. The programme is also in line with Sweden’s long-term targets for air-related targets and the generational target.

Coherence of the selected PaMs with other relevant plans and programmes established by virtue of the requirements set out in national or Union legislation (e.g. national energy and climate plans)

Background information - emissions statistics, and projections for air, climate and energy - is produced in cooperation with the relevant authorities. This helps streamline measures.

According to the climate policy framework, a climate action plan must be drawn up. There is clearly scope for streamlining and synergies with selected measures in the air pollution control programme. There are strong synergies between the efforts made for climate to meet the emissions target for the vehicles fleet by 2030 and reduced emissions of atmospheric pollutants, primarily NO2 and PM2.5.

Projected combined impacts of PaMs ('With Additional Measures' - WAM) on emission reductions, air quality and the environment

Projected attainment of emission reduction commitments (WAM)

Pollutant Total national emissions (kilotonnes) Emission reduction achieved compared with 2005 (%)

National emission reduction commitment for 2020-2029 (%)

National emission reduction commitment from 2030 (%)

2005 base year

2020 2025 2030 2020 2025 2030

SO2 36 18 18 18 49 50 50 22 22

NOx 173 96 82 72 45 53 66 36 66

NMVOCs 176 112 107 104 37 39 41 25 36

NH3 58 50 49 48 15 17 18 15 17

PM2.5 31 19 18 17 38 41 44 19 19

Date of emission projections 15 March 2019

Documents

National Air Pollution Control Programme, 2019, Sweden ... Fi… · Most ammonia emissions into the air in Sweden come from agriculture, which in 2017 accounted for as much as 88