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National Agricultural Research Systems (NARS) in Developing
Countries
AGED 4713Fall 2001
NARS definition:
The NARS in Developing countries include all the various national organizations which undertake agricultural research in their respective countries.
Responsibility of NARS:
To conduct research to develop and adapt technology and to participate in the transfer of
technology.
Advantages of NARS
Direct institutional /client linkages Close proximity to farmer’s problems Ability to collect field-level data
relatively inexpensively On-site staff and facilities Effective conduit for communicating
development strategy and policies to policy makers
Types of NARS
Publicly supported (centralized) Collaborative federal/state agricultural
research systems (decentralized ) Endowed research institutes Agricultural Universities Private sector research institutes Non-governmental Organizations Multinational, regional research
institutes
Publicly supported (centralized)
Systems that are dependencies of , controlled by, and receive their financial support from the Ministry of Agriculture or other ministry in the federal government.
Examples: Brazil: Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuaria
(Embrapa) Kenya: Kenya Agricultural Research Institute (KARI) Pakistan: Pakistan Agricultural Research Council
(PARC)
NARS in developing countries
Embrapa's mission is to provide feasible solutions for the sustainable development of the Brazilian agribusiness by generating, adapting and transferring knowledge and technology that benefits the Brazilian Society. http://www.embrapa.br/english/
Embrapa coordinates the National Agricultural Research System with cooperated institutions carrying out research in geographical areas or in defined fields of scientific knowledge.
Networking through 37 research units. 2 045 researchers.
47% master's
49% Ph D’s
Collaborative federal/state agricultural research systems
(decentralized ) Systems that channel federal, state, private
sector, and producers(commodity associations) funding to semi-autonomous state level research and extension programs.
Programs are commodity linked with disciplinary, cross commodity programs
Research/extension linkage: close, assembling/adapting technology to producers’ needs.
Example: Mexico: INIFAP
Agricultural, Livestock and Rural Development, Fishing and Food
Secretariat
www.sagarpa.gob.mx
Institutions funded by SAGARPA
www.sagarpa.gob.mx
Semi-autonomous
Mexican NARS
The National Institute of Forestry, Livestock and Agricultural Research
It is a decentralized administrative entity of SAGARPA
http://www.inifap.conacyt.mx
Collaborative federal/state agricultural research systems (decentralized )
Funded by Federal State Producers
(Fundacion Produce)
Objectives
To develop and strengthen National Strategic Research
To support research for sustainable natural resources management
To promote applied research and technology transfer
1246 researchers. 56 % master's 16 % Ph D’s82 PhD students in European
and U.S. Universities
8 Regional Research Centers (CIR)81 Research Stations
6 National Centers
Research Programs
108 Crops Avocado Beans Barley Cacao Corn Citrus Chile Coffee Cotton Mango Rice Soybean Wheat
Areas of specialization Biotechnology Entomology Integrated resources
Management Plant genetics Irrigation systems Rain fed land
management Mechanization Biofertilization Corn Protein gene(opaco)
Research Programs
Livestock Dairy Cattle Dual Purpose Sheep Goat Red deer Pig Poultry Honey Bee
Areas of specialization Animal health
Epidemiology Parasitology Microbiology
Nutrition Reproduction Genetics
Technology transfer programs
Agricultural universities
Institutions of higher learning that provide undergraduate and graduate education and grant related degrees, conduct research, and distribute information to agricultural sector clientele.
Agricultural universities
Autonomous, some semi-autonomous Structure: Centralized Funding sources: Public-federal and state Nature of programs: education; some
research and extension Limited research Limited extension linkages Linkage with international/multinational
programs
Agricultural universities: Mexico(SAGARPA supported)
Universidad Autonoma Agraria Antonio Narro, Saltillo Coahuila
Universidad Autonoma Chapingo, Texcoco Estado de Mexico
Colegio de Postgraduados en Ciencias Agricolas Chapingo,
Texcoco Estado de Mexico
Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México UNAM
Decentralized Autonomous Funded by Federal Government:
Secretary of Education UNAM Foundation: private support (10%) Competitive funds for research: CONACYT
Mission: Teaching, Research and Outreach
Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México UNAM
85 % of research in Mexico Comprehensive University (4-5 years) 68 Colleges offer 130 careers
(269 000 Students) Faculty (College) of Veterinary Medicine and
Zootechnics ( 2 campuses >3500 students) Faculty of Agricultural Sciences (1000
students)
Any Questions ?