NATA/NWCA NATA/NWCA Wrestling Weight Wrestling Weight

ManagementManagement

Optimal Performance Optimal Performance CalculatorCalculator

National Athletic Trainers National Athletic Trainers AssociationAssociation ConferenceConference

Anaheim, CAAnaheim, CAMike Moyer – NWCAMike Moyer – NWCA

NWCA BackgroundNWCA Background

Headquarters located in Manheim, PA

Established in 1928 to serve, protect, & promote amateur wrestling

Primary goal is to help athletes reach their fullest human potential through participation in wrestling.

Cornerstones of NWCA are recognition programs, events, advocating and education

Membership is approaching 8,000

History Of Weight History Of Weight ManagementManagement

1997- Three college wrestlers died 1997- Three college wrestlers died while engaged in unsafe “weight loss” while engaged in unsafe “weight loss” activitiesactivities

1999 - The NCAA Medical Advisory Committee established and mandated a comprehensive weight certification program to safeguard wrestlers.

1999 - Several State High School Athletic Associations begin mandating the rule.

Role Of NWCA in Role Of NWCA in Weight ManagementWeight Management

1999-2000 - Optimal Performance Calculator 1999-2000 - Optimal Performance Calculator (OPC) is developed to administrate the program.(OPC) is developed to administrate the program.

OPC Benefits: standardized, paperless, OPC Benefits: standardized, paperless, customizable, central repository for data, nutrition customizable, central repository for data, nutrition program, compliance, tournament administration.program, compliance, tournament administration.

OPC Value Added: “All Sports” functionality.OPC Value Added: “All Sports” functionality.

In 2006/07, 34 State High School Athletic In 2006/07, 34 State High School Athletic Associations and all collegiate governing bodies Associations and all collegiate governing bodies used the OPC – 220,000 assessmentsused the OPC – 220,000 assessments ..

Components of Weight Components of Weight Management ProgramManagement Program

Preseason Assessments For:Preseason Assessments For: HydrationHydration Body FatBody Fat WeightWeight

To Establish:To Establish: Minimum Wrestling WeightMinimum Wrestling Weight Safe Weight loss PlanSafe Weight loss Plan Daily nutrient goalsDaily nutrient goals

2004 NATA Drafts a 2004 NATA Drafts a Cooperative Agreement Cooperative Agreement

With the NWCAWith the NWCA

In this agreement the NATA & NWCA develop co-branded educational content to help coaches, wrestlers, parents, and administrators use the Optimal Performance Calculator

NATA Members in states with mandated programs receive free access to OPC

NFHSNFHS The NFHS has 50 states plus the District The NFHS has 50 states plus the District

of Columbia (51). There are 49 of 51 of Columbia (51). There are 49 of 51 members who offer state wrestling members who offer state wrestling championships. (Arkansas and championships. (Arkansas and Mississippi do not offer.)Mississippi do not offer.)

In April 2005, the NFHS Medical In April 2005, the NFHS Medical Advisory Committee & NFHS Wrestling Advisory Committee & NFHS Wrestling Committee transformed its wrestling Committee transformed its wrestling weight management recommendation weight management recommendation into a mandated rule.into a mandated rule.

RegulationsRegulations The establishment of a minimum The establishment of a minimum

wrestling weight based on 7% body fat for wrestling weight based on 7% body fat for males and 12% body fat for females.males and 12% body fat for females.

Hydration level of 1.025 depending on Hydration level of 1.025 depending on state association rules.state association rules.

Weight loss no greater than 1.5% per Weight loss no greater than 1.5% per week of the athlete’s body weight.week of the athlete’s body weight.

Nutrition education program for student-Nutrition education program for student-athletes.athletes.

Practice LabPractice Lab

Establishing Minimum Establishing Minimum WeightsWeights

Assessments should be performed early in the season but Assessments should be performed early in the season but most definitely before the first competition – first possible most definitely before the first competition – first possible

assessment date in Missouri is Monday, October 29assessment date in Missouri is Monday, October 29thth..

Preparation of Wrestlers Preparation of Wrestlers for Assessmentsfor Assessments

No vigorous activity on the evening No vigorous activity on the evening before and the day of the testing.before and the day of the testing.

Avoid any caffeinated beverages on Avoid any caffeinated beverages on the day before and day of the the day before and day of the testing.testing.

On the day of testing, drink 500ml On the day of testing, drink 500ml (17 oz.) of fluid. (A sports drink is (17 oz.) of fluid. (A sports drink is an excellent choice).an excellent choice).

Avoid any vitamin or mineral Avoid any vitamin or mineral supplements two days before and supplements two days before and the day of testing.the day of testing.

Be awake three hours prior to Be awake three hours prior to testing.testing.

Do not eat two hours prior to Do not eat two hours prior to testing.testing.

Data Collection

It is recommended that all assessment data for each wrestler is initially recorded on a data collection form or an index card so a “hard copy” backup system is available.

A data collection form for both BIA measurements and skin fold measurements is available on the Optimal Performance Calculator website

Skinfold Data Collection Form

BIA Data Collection Form

Materials Needed for Materials Needed for Testing SiteTesting Site

SiteSite Data Data FormsForms

(Labels)(Labels)

CollectionCollection

CupsCups

RefractometerRefractometer

Reagent Reagent StripsStrips

Certified Certified ScaleScale

Body Body CompositioCompositio

n Tooln Tool

On Line On Line ComputerComputer

Additional Additional StaffStaff

Step 1 Step 1 Assessment of Hydration Assessment of Hydration

StatusStatus

Completion of a hydration test Completion of a hydration test should be required before any should be required before any wrestler can undergo a body wrestler can undergo a body composition or weight assessment.composition or weight assessment.

Purpose is twofold.Purpose is twofold.1.1. Dehydration can significantly affect a Dehydration can significantly affect a

BIA body composition measure which BIA body composition measure which will result in an invalid percent body will result in an invalid percent body fat.fat.

2.2. Dehydration or loss of water weight Dehydration or loss of water weight will directly affect minimal wrestling will directly affect minimal wrestling weight.weight.

Step 1 - Assessment of Hydration Status

Two methods commonly used to assess urine specific gravity (Usg) are: 1) reagent test strips and 2) refractometer.

Refractometry is considered the gold standard and is required in Missouri.

The cost range of a refractometer is between $240.00-$550.00.

Step 1 - Assessment of Hydration Instruments

Refractometer Urine Test Strips

Step 1 - Assessment of Hydration Status

If a wrestler has a urine specific gravity above 1.025 (as set by the NFHS – might be 1.020 in some states), they should not be allowed to undergo the body composition assessment.

If wrestler fails the hydration test they should not be assessed again for 48 hours (they are still bound to the weekly 1.5% rule when being retested).

In preparation for the hydration test the athletes should be instructed to consume 2-4 cups of water in 1-2 hour period immediately preceding the test.

Step 1 - Assessment of Hydration Status: Protocol

Evaluator assistant wears rubber gloves during the assessment.

Subject is provided a cup (marked by name or identification number). Sample should never leave the possession of the subject.

Subject is then instructed to provide a 2-3oz. urine sample (mid-stream) in the urinal/bathroom.

Step 1- Assessment of Hydration Status: Protocol

Practice and enforce secure procedures during urine collection.

Urine specific gravity is then measured by reagent strips or a refractometer. (follow manufacturer's guidelines)

Upon successful completion of the hydration test the subject should dispose of sample and then proceed to the body weight and body composition assessment stations.

Step 2 Step 2 Assessment of HeightAssessment of Height

Only necessary when using Tanita B.I.A. to

measure body fat – Skip this step in Missouri.

Step 3Step 3Assessment of Body CompositionAssessment of Body Composition

Skin calipers, bio-impedance, Skin calipers, bio-impedance, hydrostatic weighing, and BodPod hydrostatic weighing, and BodPod are all currently approved by the are all currently approved by the

NFHS medical advisory committee. NFHS medical advisory committee. The NCAA approves all measures The NCAA approves all measures except bio-impedance. Each state except bio-impedance. Each state association has the autonomy to association has the autonomy to

make the final decision. Missouri make the final decision. Missouri uses Lange Skin Calipers.uses Lange Skin Calipers.

Step 3 – Assessment of Step 3 – Assessment of Body CompositionBody Composition

This measurement shall be This measurement shall be performed prior to the first performed prior to the first competition.competition.

Step 3 - Assessment of Body Composition

Two methods commonly used to assess body fat with the critical masses are: 1) skinfold analysis and 2) bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA).

All personnel conducting the body composition assessment should have advanced training and education in whichever method is being employed.

The average cost of skinfold calipers is around $200.00-$250.00.

Lange Skinfold Calipers

As shown below, the goal is to measure a double fold of skin and subcutaneous tissue (with sides of skinfold approximately parallel). The thicker the fat layer, the wider the fold.

Basic Rules for Taking Skinfolds Take skinfold measurements on the right side

of the body (most skinfold equations were developed from measurements on the right side).

Do not take measurements when the subject's skin is moist (ensure that the skin is dry, and has no lotion). Also do not take measurements immediately after exercise.

To reduce error during the learning phase, skinfold sites should be precisely determined, marked, and verified by a trained instructor. The largest source of error in skinfold testing is inaccurate site selection.

Skinfold Rules (continued)

Firmly grasp the skinfold with the thumb and index finger of the left hand, and pull away.

Hold the caliper in the right hand, perpendicular to the skinfold and with the skinfold dial facing up and easily readable. Place the caliper heads ¼-½ inch away from the fingers holding the skinfold. Try to visualize where a true double-fold of skin thickness is, and place the caliper heads there.

Read the caliper dial to the nearest 1 millimeter within 4 seconds. During the measurement, ensure that the left thumb and forefinger maintains the shape of the skinfold.

Take a minimum of 3 measurements at each site (at least 15 seconds apart).

Skinfold Rules (continued)

Triceps Skinfold

Vertical fold on posterior aspect of arm, midway between lateral projection of acromion process and inferior margin

of olecranon process. Flex the elbow to 90 degrees to identify the landmarks.

Abdomen Skinfold Site

Vertical fold, one inch to the right side of and ½ inch below the navel.

The Jackson-Pollock procedure uses a vertical fold 2 cm to the right of the umbilicus.

Subscapular Skinfold

Diagonal fold just below the inferior angle of scapula.

Step 4 Recording Weight

Step 5 Step 5 Entering the DataEntering the Data

It has been highly recommended that It has been highly recommended that

assessment data not be enteredassessment data not be entered

by the wrestling coach.by the wrestling coach.

Step 5 – Entering the Data

Results of the hydration, height (if using BIA) and body weight assessment will be entered into the NWCA Optimal Performance Calculator on the Initial Assessment page located at:

www.nwcaonline.com/nwcaonline/default.aspx

www.nwcaonline.com

Logging InLogging In

Assessor Codes:Assessor Codes:

User Name & PasswordUser Name & Password

Click on Login Tab

Login PageLogin Page

Assessor ToolbarAssessor Toolbar

Select School to Enter DataSelect School to Enter Data& Enter School Password& Enter School Password

Entering the DataEntering the Data

Name, Class, etc.Name, Class, etc. Urine specific Urine specific

gravitygravity Alpha body Alpha body

weightweight

Step 3Step 3 Percentage of Body FatPercentage of Body Fat

Step 5 Fat FreeWeight

Step 4 Fat Weight

Step 6 Minimum Wrestling Weight

Female Wrestlers

Click on the Add female wrestler link of the initial assessment page.

Only the triceps and subscapular skinfolds will be entered.

Minimal wrestling weight will be calculated at 12%.

Skinfold data then entered into the Initial Assessment form for the calculation of minimal wrestling weight.

How to enter BIA into the Initial Assessment form for the calculation of minimal wrestling weight.

Appeal process for body composition assessment

If the wrestler is dissatisfied with his or her body fat measurement they should be given the opportunity to appeal their results. In Missouri, the school must notify the MSHSAA Office, by fax, within 72 hours that they wish to appeal the initial results.

It is recommended that either hydrostatic weighing or air displacement (BODPOD) be used for the appeal process.

AppealAppeal FormForm

Hydrostatic Weighing for Appeal Process

Air displacement plethysmography (BOD POD) for appeal process

http// http// www.nwcaonline.com/nwcaonline/default.aspxwww.nwcaonline.com/nwcaonline/default.aspx

Other forms generated by Other forms generated by the the NWCA Optimal NWCA Optimal

Performance Calculator Performance Calculator ProgramProgram

Alpha Master Report

Individual Weight Loss Individual Weight Loss PlanPlan

Individual Weekly Weight Individual Weekly Weight Loss PlanLoss Plan

Individual Daily Weight Individual Daily Weight Loss PlanLoss Plan

Wrestler Access ReportWrestler Access Report

Nutrition Education Nutrition Education ProgramProgram

Student Athlete Log In

Student Athlete ToolbarStudent Athlete Toolbar

Wrestler Nutrition Plan

Calculated Nutrition Plan

Create a Meal Plan

Meal Selections

Healthy Training

Emphasis should be placed on Emphasis should be placed on training-not weight loss.training-not weight loss.

Emphasis on lifelong healthy living.Emphasis on lifelong healthy living. Consequences of dehydration.Consequences of dehydration.

Training the Coach

NWCA Basic Concepts of Weight NWCA Basic Concepts of Weight Management and Nutritional Management and Nutritional Guidelines.Guidelines.

Seminar to educate the coaches on Seminar to educate the coaches on healthy eating habits, safe weight healthy eating habits, safe weight loss techniques and dangers of loss techniques and dangers of improper weight loss.improper weight loss.

Educating the Athlete and Parent

VideoVideo Individual program presentations.Individual program presentations. NWCA Web based Nutrition/Weight NWCA Web based Nutrition/Weight

Management programManagement program

OPC Beyond Wrestling

The OPC can be now used in the Health and PE Classroom or to Optimize Performance in All -

Sports

OPC PE Assessment OPC PE Assessment FormForm

OPC PE Assessment OPC PE Assessment Summary ReportSummary Report

Student Food Exchange Student Food Exchange RecordingRecording

OPC All Sport OPC All Sport Assessment FormAssessment Form

OPC All Sport Assessment OPC All Sport Assessment Summary ReportSummary Report

Thank YouThank You