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Nat Sci 5 under Sir Go, UP Manila
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Prepared by Sir Samuel M. Go
Definition - Environment
The surroundings or conditions in which a person, animal, or plant lives or operates. Most commonly used describing the "natural" environment and means the sum of all living and non-living things that surround an organism, or group of organisms. The sum total of all surroundings of a living organism, including natural forces and other living things, which provide conditions for development and growth as well as of danger and damage.
Types of Natural EnvironmentTerrestrial 1. Poles 2. Tundra 3. Taiga 4. Tropical rainforest 5. Grasslands 6. Deserts Aquatic 1. Ponds 2. Lakes 3. Rivers 4. Estuarine 5. Open waters 6. Shorelines rocky, sandy, coralline, mangroves, swamps
Global distribution Biomes
Polar Regions
Polar regions (Aurora borealis)
Polar regions (plants)
Arctic Tundra
Alpine tundra
Alpine tundra (vegetation)
Geographic location of taiga
Scattered vs. closed forest
Grassland global map
Africa, Australia, Mexico
Savanna fires
Global map of tropical rainforest
Mt. Maria Makiling
Mt. Maria Makiling
Cebu timberlands
Mount Apo
Mount Apo
Global location of deserts
Rocky shore zones
Tidal Pools
Zonations in a Coral Reef
Philippine Coral Reefs
Coral Reef animals
Identify Corals types
Choices: Pavona, Acropora, Favea, (green algae & flatworm)
Man Made environment1. 2.
3.4. 5.
Baranggay District Municpality City Province
Agricultural farms 2. Ranches/Grazing land 3. Fish pens1.
Components of an EnvironmentBiotic Components 1. Microorganisms 2. Protozoans 3. Fungi molds/mushrooms 4. Plants include algae 5. Animals Abiotic Components 1. Light 2. Temperature 3. Water availability 4. Atmospheric gases 5. Atmospheric conditions 6. Edaphic conditions 7. Aquatic conditions
Environmental DynamicsBiotic factors Abiotic factors
Physical factors
Energy factors
Biogeological Cycling1. Water cycling2. Carbon dioxide oxygen cycling
3. Nitrogen cycling4. Sulfur cycling
5. Phophorus cycling
Water Cycling
Carbon Oxygen Cycle
Carbon Cycle
Sulfur cycling
Phosphorus cycle
Phosphorus cycle
Levels of Organization Individual Population
Community Ecosystem Global
Relationship of matter and energy
E=
2 mc
In biological systems the efficiency conversion/transfer is low
Pyramid of energy, biomass, numbers
More accurate ecological pyramid
Aquatic Food chain
Terrestrial food chain
Terrestrial Food web
Aquatic food web
Human food chain
Food chain of man in the future?
Complexity, stability trophic switching
Counterparts in Altered Human Ecosystems1.
Material acquisition mining, agricultural growth,domesticated animals
2. Material transformation factories, craft shops etc. 3. Material disposal domestic waste water, garbage 4. Material recycling junk shops, recycling shops,
Question: How efficient do they do it? Time and material
Energy use and transformation in Human altered ecosystems Sunlight fossil fuels combustion electricity Sunlight plants domesticated animals heat Electricity work, heat, cold, light, etc.
Questions What is/are the determining factors in the identity of
an ecosystem? Is it the same for aquatic and terrestrial ecosystem? What are the determinants in a human habitat?
Ecological succession It is a process by which an area is able to
reach its full potential by going through a series f ecological states before reaching its
climax stage.
How do you transform.....Lava that has solidified Tropical rain forest
Ecological Succession:Lichens break down rocks, dies creating a thin soil. 2. Grasses deeper roots and more biomass creates a deeper and richer soil quality. 3. Small trees and shrubs roots reaching bedrock material facilitate more material weathering that adds to soil formation . 4. Large trees and plants more organic biomass , deeper roots sometimes reaching the bedrock Aquatic ecosystems are more determined by physical parameters such as light, turbidity, substratum1.
Factors in Ecological Identity1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
6.7. 8.
9.10.
Polar Tundra Taiga Temperate Forest TRF Grassland Desert Rocky shore Sandy shore Coral reef
Human ecological succession Forest grasslands agricultural land residential Mangroves aquatic pens Sandy shore resort area Coral reefs over and illegal fishing activities
Questions: Who are the
Definition - Biodiversity