HACElliA JII1Ml1rAHATA 11 CJIOBEHA

Y EAHATY 11 EAqKOJ*

CTaHKO TPI1<DYHOBI111, Mysej BOjBO,ll,HHe, HOBH Can

Pail jc XpOHOJIOlliKH nO)lCJhCH na zma )lCJIa. Y npBOM CC o6pal)yjy HaCCJha 4. a y npyrov Oil 5. )lO 7.BCKa. Ilpaxasana apXCOJIOlliKH MaTcpHjaJI nOTHqC ca HOBHX apXCOJIOIIIKHX HCTpalKHBaIba, xoja jc BchHHOM

CnpOBCJIa cxnna Myscja BOjBO)lHIIC. Ha OCIIOBY OBHX ncrpasomatsa YCTaHOBJhCHC cy apXCOJIOIIIKC OC06HHC

flHMHraIIaTa 4. BCKa,xao H CJIOBCH<I Oil nOqCTKa BCJIHKC Cco6c napona ao pacnazta Ilpsor asapcxor xaranara.

YTBp!)CIIO jc )la, H nopezi fiypnax 36HBaiba TOKOM Cco6c aapona, nocroja KOHTHHyHTCT apXCOJIOIIIKHX nojaaa

Oil xacnc allTHKC no pallor Cpczm.er BCKa na npocropy Banara H Eaxxc. npCKO IbHX ce MOlKC npaTHTH H

KOIITHIlYHTCT CTallOBIIHlllTBa.

TIO,ll,CeTHHK HCTOpHjCKHX nonaraxa

Flaaonnja HMa nocefiaa HCTOpHjCKH saasaj 360r csor reorparpcxor nonoacaja.)J;yHaB, jezura on pajcxnx pexa, MHJIeHHjyMHMa je rnaann npapormn nyr KOjH nosesyjecpeznsy H jyroucro-my Enpony. TeK ozt pHMCKHX ocaajan.a nocrao je )J;yHaB rrOJIHTHqKa

rpaanua, pexa xoja paaanaja a He crraja. )J;pyrHM peqHMa ycnocrasrsaisea re rpaanue,CTaHOBHHllITBO ca nse crpane peice ozi razra je rrpo)J(HBJbaBaJIO pa3JIHqHTe cynfinne.

Hacnpaxr Baaara H Ea-nce, on noxerxa HOBe epe, 06pa30BaHe cy npoaaannjeMesnja H Ilaaouaja, a ca JIeBe 06aJIe )J;yHaBa, rrOCJIe ocsajan,a napa Tpajaaa 106. ronaae06pa30BaHa je nponunuaja )J;aKHja. Hnje HCKJbyqeHO na je H ueo EaHaT YJIa3HO y lheH

cacras. Ca nanynrraa.ev )J;aKHje 270. roznure, H noanasen.ea seher ztena pOMaHH30BaHor

CTaHOBHHllITBa jyaoro on )J;yHaBa, crsopena je MorynHocT sa nacersanaa,e onor BeJIHKOr

• t.IHTaOl\H Mory na cc yno:majy ca PClIcII3HjaMa pyxonaca C. Tparpynoanha H capa,nHHKa"CJIOBCHCKa

HaCCJba 4-10. BCKa y Eanary H Eaxxoj - HOBa apXCOJIOlliKa acrpaacasarsa" aa CTpaHHlIaMa 425-438 oaor

Fnacnaxa CALl,.

43

fnaCHI1K CA,l], 15-16 (1999-2000)

npocropa HapOJJ;I1Ma KOjI1 cy JJ;O TaJJ;a 6I1nI1 y lheHOM oxpyacersy. KOnI1KO je JJ;O caztan03HaTO, npocrop Ba-nce HI1KaJJ;a HI1je yna3I10y cacras PI1MCKOr uapcrsa, ann cy rroxynraja

ocsajaa.a 11 re 06naCTI1 BepOBaTHO nocrojann.

Haxo je cYJJ;6I1Ha Crroseaa ztyro 6I1na nesana aa pasne HOMaJJ;e, HaqI1H )l(I1BOTajeJJ;HI1X 11 JJ;pyrHX ce ynex JJ;paCTI1qHO pa3nI1KOBao. To aajfiorse nrrycrpyjy UI1TaTI1 113 TpI1

113BOpa, KOjI1 rosope 0 CapMaTI1Ma, XyHI1Ma 11 CnOBeHI1Ma:

CapMaTI1 " ... Beuequ cy UpUAtUllU M1LOZe isuxoee otiuuaje; OllU «pcuiape sao pastiojttuuuKp03 iuyue U unauuue «oje ce y3qUJICy U3Me~y Ileyxuua U <Pella; ita uua« ce upe MOZyytipojuiuu

Me~yTepuaue, jep zpaqe «yhe, uoce uuuutuoee Uyotcueajy y uotcpeiiluua naxe iieiuaquje. YceeMy

oeoue cepasnutcyjy oq Capuaiua. KOjU iipoeoqe »cueoui tta KOJlUAta U KOIbUAta..." (P.C. Tacit, 23).

XyHI1 " ... HUKaq ce ne satotateajy uu y KaKeUM sepaqaua. eelt UX ustieeaeajy sao

zpo6oee. Koq IbUX ce tie MOZy ttahu ua« nu uaosactue filpUll.[alle KOJlu6e... HUKO oq IbUX lie ope,

uuuiu ce apuxeauia PYl.[Ul1e unyea... Ha KOJlUAta y KOjUAt ctuauyjy, »ceue UAt tuxajy ouy

py,JICIlY oqehy, tuy uuajy oquoce ca MyJICeeUAta, uopahajy ce U qoje qeuy cee qOK ue

oqpaciuy..." (A. Marcellinus, 158-159).

CnOBeHI1 " ... CeJlQ Cnoeeua U Atlfila neuce ua pexaua jequo qo qpyzo: Uy ysajauuoj eesu,

uiaxo qa Me~y teuua ueua pasuaxa epeqnoz uoueua, a y 6JlU3U1lU cy UAt iuyue UllUuoueape UJlU

puuioeu... Hs«: y lbUX otnote ceaxojaxux »cueotuuiea U y «auape cupesosenux UOIbCKUX

tipouseoqa, uapouuuio iipoca U »cuuia..." (Pseudo Mauricius, 1955, 131, 139).

113 nOJJ;aTaKa xoje HaM ztaje AMI1jaH Mapuenaa y 4. sexy jacno je JJ;a na npocropynanaum,e Baxxe 11 Banara )l(I1Be JJ;Be rpyne CTaHOBHI1111TBa, xoje ce CYlllTI1HCKI1 paannxyjyno HaqI1HY )l(I1BOTa. 11 jezrae 11 ztpyre AMI1jaH Mapnenna Ha3I1Ba CapMaTI1Ma. MeDYTI1Mjenae HaBOJJ;I1 xao Cn060JJ;He Capxiare, a npyre xao JII1MI1raHTe, I1nI1 Poncxe Capsrare (A.

Marcellini, 1958, 123).1 JII1MI1raHTI1 cy HeKaKO nocnena nOJJ; BnaCT "Cn060JJ;HI1X" Capvaranpe 332. fOJJ;I1He. TaJJ;a cy JII1MI1raHTI1 JJ;06I1nI1 opyxqe OJJ; CBOjI1X rocnortapa JJ;a 611 I1X0JJ;6paHI1nI1 OJJ; repMaHCKI1X nneaena Tajpana 11 TepBI1Hra. Ilourro cy I1X rrOpa3I1nI1 OHI1I1CKOpI1CTe npI1nI1KY 11 nporepajy csoje rocnonape, 3HaTHoKaCHI1je, 357. rOJJ;I1He, CapMaTI1,ca repMaHCKI1M nnevemeaa KBaJJ;a 11 CBe6a aananajy pI1MCKe rrorpaaasne rrpOBI1HUI1je.KaJJ;a nx je nap KOHcTaHUI1je II n06eJJ;I10, CapMaTI1 cy ce npasnana JJ;a cy I1X lhI1XOBI16I1BIllI1P060BI1 JII1MI1raHTI1 nporepann, OJJ;HOCHO JJ;a cy OCTaBlllI1 6e3 I13BOpa xpaae, MOpanI1 JJ;axpeny y nrsa-ncy. Llap KOHCTaHUI1je II opranasyje noxon na JII1MI1raHTe 358. rOJJ;I1He, jep cyyrp03I1nI1 nopenax KOjI1 je ys csoje rpamrue ycnocraarsano PI1MCKO uapcrso. TaJJ;a cycrpanana nneveaa JII1MI1raHaTa aa npocropy zianama.e Ba-nce 11 Banara, AMI1KeHI1 11IlI1KeHH. Y onucy paTHI1X 36I1BalhaJII1MI1raHTI1 cy 6nI13y BOJJ;a, TaKO JJ;a OHI1 'rpazcecrrac y

peun, nnaaajyhn 11 KOpI1CTenI1 QaMue. IDI1XOBI1 CTaHOBI1 cy 11 naxe KonI16e 11 QBpCTe6pBHape. OMyKy 0 pary 11 MI1Py JII1MI1raHTI1 JJ;OHoce na Casery crapaua, Ilpl1nI1KoMnperosopa xoje cy nocne cyxofia BOJJ;l1n11 ca PI1MJbaHI1Ma CrrOMI1lhY ce rrpeBoJJ;I1OUI1, JJ;OK cey KOHTaKTI1Ma ca cn060JJ;HI1M CapMaTI1Ma OHI1 He nOMI1lhY. Ilocne noxyuraja JJ;a yfinjypI1MCKOr napa, KOHCTaHUI1ja II, napenne rOJJ;I1He JII1MI1raHTI1 ce BI1111e He CrrOMI1lhY.JIorI1QHO je rrpeTnOCTaBI1TI1 JJ;a cy OCTanI1 JJ;a )l(I1Be aa CBOjOj 3eMJbI1 y Baaary 11 Easxoj.

I KOPHllITCH jc fiyrapcxn npCBO~, a y MC!jyBpCMCHy CC nojasno HnpCBO~ na cpncxn jC3HK O~ M.MHJIHH, caKOjHM caM ynosaar.

44

c. TPl1cPYHOBl1n

Tepnropnja Baaara H Easxe nornana non BJIaCT Xyna xpajesr 4. HJIH rrOqeTKOM 5.sexa. Y OKBHpy xyncxor IlJIeMeHCKor casesa HaJIa3HJIH cy ce pa3HH HapO));H. 063HpOM na cy

XyHI1 npoumn npexo 06JIaCTI1 I1CTOqHHX CJIOBeHa JIOrl1qHO je npernocrasnra ));a cy ca

C060M rrOBeJII1 ztco lhl1X, xao llITO ce 3Ha na cy ));OBeJIH HCTOqHe Tore a rrpHcaje));I1HHJII1

Fennne OKO 420. rO));I1He.

To je 6HJIO npeve xazta cy CJIOBeHH MOrJIl1na HaCeJIe repnropnjy xojy cy aarranann

y I1Me Xyna, xao H .[{a XyHI1 H lhl1XOBI1 caBe3HHUH ca C060M ztoaezty 3ap06JheHO

CTaHOBHHlliTBO 113 PI1MCKO-BH3aHTl1jcKHX npoaanunja aa CBOjy repnropajy y TIaHoHHjH.

He0611qHO Ba)KaH 113BOP H3 Tor nepnona, jecre IIpl1CKOB onac nyra BH3aHTHjcKor

rrOCJIaHCTBa H3 Llapnrpazta aa ATI1JII1H .[{BOp, Heme y IIOTI1Cjy, 448. rO));HHe. OnncMelliTaHa, osor oxeaaua, BpJIO onpeheao ynyhyje .[{a je nehancxo CTaHOBHHlliTBO 611JIO

ceaenaxxor xapaxrepa, xoje rro CBOjHM oc06HHaMa He MO)Ke 6HTH ztpyro Hero CJIOBeHCKO

(<D. Eapanmh, 1952,52-61). Tpe6a pehn na IIpHCK rrOMHlhe oc06HHe CTaHOBHHlliTBa HCTor

npocropa (Banar 11 Ba-nca) xoje je noscnsao H AMl1jaH MapueJIHH onacyjyhn JIHMHraHTe

nenyn BeK paaaje.

IIo pacnany Xyncxor casesa, XYHH H BenIIHa repMaHCKHX nnesrena HarrYCTHJIH cy

IIaHoHcKy Hl13l1jy. I'ennznr ocrajy zta )KI1Be y npeaennaa Banara, na 6H neurro xacnnje,

nOCJIe 473. rO));HHe, xana cy I1CTOqHH fOTH OTHlliJIH, 3aY3eJIH Cpexr. 0 CJIOBeHHMa H3

Eanara H Eaxxe, ));0 nOJIOBHHe 6. sexa, MO)KeMO Cy));HTH rro nonarxy KO)); Jopnaaeca, na

CJIOBeHI1 )KHBe on rpazta HOBHe));yHyMa H Mypcajaacxor 6JIaTa ));0 )J;lhecTpa (Iordanes,

1958,355). Mypcajancxo 6JIaTOce MO)Ke H));eHTHcPHKoBaTH ca KOnaQKHM pHTOMy 6JIH3HHI1

Ocnjexa, aHTHQKe Mypce, na TaKO Baxxa H Banar YJIa3e y HaBe));eHH MeljynpocTop.

Ilpoxonnje 6eJIe)K11 na cy 551. rO));HHe CJIOBeHH HarrpaBI1JIH BeJIHKH noxon na

naJIKaH 11 BpaTHJII1 ce rtpexo reparopaje Tenazta y Cpexry na csoje npocrope (Procopius,

1955, 49). TH npocropn Mory 6HTH je));HHO Baxxa 11 Baaar. Heurro xacanje, na rr03HB

Jlanrofiapna KOjH cy 6IUIH Y cyxofiy ca I'enaruoaa, 567. rO.[{HHe ));OJIa3e ABapH y TIaHoHHjy.

MO)Ke ce npernocraaarn ));a ce jenan neo CJIOBeHa rana noayxao npen ABapHMa, ));OK je

npyrn neo OCTao y HaMeTHYTOM caseay ca ABapHMa, 11 xacanje ca lhHMa yxecraoaao y

rrOXO.[{HMa aa BH3aHTI1jcKe rpaztose, xao H y xyaenoj OnCa));H Ilapnrpana 626. rO));HHe.

Cnenehn noziarax 0 CJIOBeHHMa y IIaHoHHjH 6eJIe)KH Meaannap 579. rO.[{HHe. Ty ce

rOBOpl1 0 rpaznsn MOCTa npexo Cane, rrpHJIHKOM aaapcxe oncane CHpMHjyMa (Menandros,

1955,92-93). IIOTOM CJIOBeHI1 rpane MOCT npexo )J;yHaBa 593. rO));HHe, KaKO 6H ABapHMa

ouoryhnna rrOXO)); na BH3aHTHjcKo TJIe (Teophilactos Simocates, 1955, 112). CHMoKaTa

onncyje 11 xernpa 611TKe BH3aHTI1jcKe nojcxe ca ABapHMa y Baaary H Basxoj 600. rO));HHe.

(Teophilactos Simocates, 1955, 123-124). Y nocnemsoj 6HUH, MHOlliTBO Asapa ce

no.[{aBHJIO y Tnca, .[{OK ce Meljy 3ap06JheHHUHMa rrOMHlhe najseha 6poj CJIOBeHa (8000).2CJIOM asapcxe MonH 626. rO.[{HHe rrozt Ilaparpanou oxsoryhao je CJIOBeHHMa y TIaHoHHjl1

CJI060.[{HHjH )KI1BOT H CaMOCTaJIHHjH pasaoj. MeljYTHM 0 CJIOBeHHMa Easxe H Banara y 7. 11

8. sexy HeMa nacaanx norraraxa KO.[{ caspeaeamca.

2 )],. )],HMHTpHjCBHh Y MOHorpa<pHjH Illajkauuca, 1975, 89-90, nanoxrena 72, sa HCTH norahaj KOpHCTH

nortarax KO,U Tcodiana (800 CJIOBcHa), KOjH aa pa3JIHKY ozt Teo<pHJIaKTa CHMoKaTe naje caspcneaax 36HBaH>a

o KojHMa jc pC'J, H xora rtpnpchnaavn I TOMa BHHHJ KOMCHTapmuy xao ncnoyaaanor sa nepnon 6.-7. aexa.

45

Fnacanx CAA 15-16 (1999-2000) HCTpa)l{l1Bal.J:Kl1 panonn 11 pacnpane

Ilonaun xoje 3HaTHO xacnnje, y 10. nexy 113HOCl1 nap KOHCTaHTl1H VIIIloprpaporennr 0 nacersasan.y Cp6a, cauo uaroneurraaajy Ibl1XOBO npacycrso ycpeznsev Flonyaaarsy TOKOM Bennxe Ce06e napozta (Constantine Porphyrogenitus, 1959,49). Peuranan,e xpoHOnOWKl1X 11 reorparpcxnx OKBl1pa ceofie Cp6a peuranaao jenporexnnx ronnaa apxeonornxau ncrpaacanaa.asra (n. JaHKoBl111, 1997a, 382 - 393;19986).

Aoca.uaWIba acrpaacasatsa

Y speue HaCTaHKa Mo.uepHe acropuorparpnje, 11 no noseraxa apxeonornje,npocrnpaa.e Aycrpoyrapcxe MOHapXl1je na Flauonnjy nnje muno na pyKy acrpaxorsaa.ynopexna Crronena na OBl1M npocropuna. 3aTl1M cy nornrra-nce rtpnmnce y 20. sexy.ul1KTl1pane ycnopean TOK ucrpaxcnaatsa OBe 'resre 11 KO.u TeK ocn0601)eHl1X cnOBeHCKl1Xnapona. Hnax, jour rrpe BeK 11 rro, na OCHOBy cnOBeHCKl1X npenan.a 0 nocrojfinaa naAyHaBy, nacrana je 'reopaja 0 nozrynascxosr nopexny Cnonena (B. B. Cenon, 1994, 8-32).Ibean TBOPIJ,l1 11 npncrannue, Me1)y Kojl1Ma 11. J. Illadiapax (1999), xao 11 ztanaurn,aHaYl.J:Hl1IJ,l1 on KOjl1X rpefia cnoxreayra pycxor axanesnrxa O. H. Tpyfiaxosa (1991), csoje'rspmse sacaanajy yrnanaov na OCHOBy nl1HrBl1CTl1l.J:Kl1X nay-tanan-a. Hsysaaajyhanl1HrBl1CTl1l.J:Kl1 MaTepl1jan ca HaWl1X rrpocropa snaxajae npnnore KOjl1 norsphyjy OBy

.reopajy ziana cy jow .uaBHO Mnnan ny.ul1Ml1p (1930, 1-15) 11 <DpaIbo Bapuumh (1952, 52­61). M. I'apauranna, paaaarpajyhn nanne 1950. ronnne noxase JI. Hnnepnea 0npncycray Cnoneaa y Tlaaoaajn rrpe 6. sexa, CMaTpa zta cy noraxaa ana na jour ysexHl1CY nposepenn apxeonouncav l1CTpa)l{l1Balhl1Ma (M. I'apauranna, 1950, 31).

Apxeonouuca ncrpascanaa,a onor nepnona sa cana cy CKpOMHa. OTKpl1BaIberp060Ba na HeKOnl1KO Hana311WTa, ca nperroaaarrsnnasr OC0611HaMa Capxrara (c.Eapa-ncn, 1961, 117-143; D. Batistic-Popadic, 1985, 59-83), nano je nosozra .ua ce CBe nonanac xyrrrype Tor nepnona y Ea-ncoj 11 Eaaary nocaarpajy xao l1CKJbYl.J:l1BO HOMa.uCKe.AOKyMeHTaIJ,l1ja jensa .ua nocrojn, airrpononounce ananme Hl1CY 06aBJbeHe a na OCHOByCaMl1X npenjrera 11 OrrWTl1X canaan-a 0 l1CTOpl1jCKl1M 3611Balhl1Ma, rp060Bl1 cynpo-ryraasena xao capsrarcxa, repsraacxa nna anapcxn, CXO.uHO nepuony y KOMe je HeKl1

o.uOBl1X napcna 6110 .uOMl1HaHTaH, rrpe csera BOjHO. 3aTo je npofinesr OCTao apxecnounornepaspernea.

Ha npocropy jyrOl1CTOl.J:HOr nena Ilanoncxe H11311je, nacerr.a 113 nepnozra onnarryurraa,a pl1MCKe nposnnuaje AaKl1je 270. roznme rto ztonacxa Xyna na npocropIlanoanje rrOl.J:eTKOM 5. sexa, ncrpaaornana cy spno Mano. Haxo cy peKOrHOCIJ,l1paIbeMTepeHa safieneaceaa MHor06pojHa apxeorronnca Hana311WTa 113 onor rtepnona, aa xoje cecxia.rpa na cy nacen.a (V Dautova-Rusevljan, 1990, 87), 06jeKTl1 11 3aTBOpeHeapxeorrounce uennae rr03HaTl1 cy caxro ca Man06pojHl1X 3aWTl1THl1X apxeonomxnxncxonaaarsa. Ha npocropy Ba-nce 11 Eanara, TaKBl1 Hana311 cy no cana rr03HaTl1 113Maxoumapra KO.u Cy60Tl1IJ,e, Crape TOpl1He KO.u Ilannha, Iberomesa KO.u EaxxeTortorte, Bp6aca (N. Stanojevic, M. Jovanovic, 1987, 8), Ba-nce Tlananxe, BaaarcxorKapnOBIJ,a KO.u Arrnfiynapa (c. Tpl1¢YHOBl111, 1994, 63-70) 11 U.pBeHKe KO.u Bpuma (P.Paurajcxu, 1957, 39-56; H. Cl1MoBJbeBl111, 1957, 57-66). KOnl1KO je 113 rnrreparypenosnaro, l1CTpa)l{eHOCT OBe BpCTe Hana311WTa unje 60Jba y Mahapcxoj 11 pyMyHCKOMneny Basara.

46

C. Tpatpyaoaah Hacersa JII1Ml1raHaTa 11 CJIOBeHa y Baaary 11 Baxxoj

Mnoroopojan HaJIa311 113 nacersa 3-4. sexa caxynrsena pexornocuaparsev I1JII1

ca YHI1111TaBaHl1x apXeOJIOlllKI1X HaJIa311111Ta TYMaQeHI1 cy no npaBI1JIY xao capMaTCKI1 Ol,UI1MI1Tpl1jeBl1n, 1975, 40; V. Dautova-Rusevljan, 1990, 81-94). OKOJIHOCT na TI1 HaBO~HO

capMaTCKI1 HaJIa311 nOTI1Qy 113 BeJII1KI1X aacen.a, QeCTO 113 nOJIy3eMyHI1u:a 11 .rpanoaa,

npesaaahena je Te30M ~a cy ce HOMa~CKI1 CapMaTI1 BpeMeHOM HaYQI1JII1 ce~eJIaQKOM

HaI.II1HY )KI1BOTa 11 3eMJbOpa~lbl1. Ta 'resa, xoja je 611JIa ~OMI1HaHTHa y nauroj, 11

apxeonorujn Mahapcxe, Hl1je apXeOJIOlllKI1 nposepanana, na TaKaB npouec npenacxa ca

HOMa~CKor aa ce~eJIaI.IKI1 HaI.II1H )KI1BOTa aa cazta HMje ~OKa3aH y IIaHoHl1jl1, a HI1 aa

npOCTOpl1Ma Yxpajnue, rne cy CapMaTI1 MHoro 60Jbe apXeOJIOlllKI1 I1CTpa)KeHI1, 11 rne cy

nyro )KI1BeJII1 Y3 CJIOBeHe. TaKBe npoxreae cy ce zteuraaane y 113BeCHI1M OKOJIHOCTI1Ma KO~

HeKI1X aapozta (nnp, Eyrapn I1JII1 Mahapn), no HeKI1M 6110aHTpOnOJIOlllKI1M 11 ~pYIliTBeHO­

I1CTOpl1jCKI1M npaBI1JII1Ma, xoja cy OCTaBJbaJIa 11 onpehenn pe3yJITaT raxnor npoueca.

Y pyMyHCKOj apxeonornjn, nacersa 3-4. sexa y Eaaary nporynaxeaa cy xao

nacersa ayroxronor pOMaHI130BaHOr CTaHOBHI1111TBa, ,UaI.IaHa, I1JII1 CJI060~HI1X ,UaI.IaHa.

Haxo JIOrl1I.IHl1jl1, OBaKaB onrosop He ofijaunsasa CJII1I.IHa nacersa ca reparopaje BaH

npocropa aexanaunser nacersasaa.a ,UaI.IaHa, xao HI1 KaKO cy ,UaQaHI1 TaKO 6P30 HeCTaJIl1

no 6. sexa, a 'raj npOCTOp npeY3eJII1 CJIOBeHI1. Hacersa 3-4. sexa y Banary cy BpJIO fipojna

11 BeJII1KI1X nonpnmaa, TaKO na ce MO)Ke 3aKJbYI.II1TI1 zta cy EaHaT 11 EaI.IKa y 4. sexy 611JIl1

rycro HaCeJbeHI1. Tne je HeCTaJIO TaKO 6pOjHO cTaHOBHI1111TBO? Hy)KHOCT npoueae HeKI1X

YCTaJbeHI1X npencraaa 0 apxeonornjn 11 I1CTOpl1jl1 osor nepuozra je OI.Il1me~Ha.

Ha OCHOBy HOBI1X apXeOJIOlllKI1X ucxonasaa,a Myseja BojBo~I1He cnpOBe~eHI1Xon

1993. ~o 1996. rO~I1He3 y EapaH~11 KO~ Onoaa, Ilanejy KO~ Hoxe 11 EaHaTcKoM

KapJIOBU:y, carneriaaa je np06JIeMaTI1Ka nacersa KaCHOaHTI1I.IKOr ~06a y jyroacro-nroj

ITaHoHl1jl1. TI1M HaJIa311Ma npnnoztara je HeKOJII1u.I1Ha CJIyI.IajHl1x 11 nOBpllll1HCKI1X HaJIa3a

113 EaHaTCKor KapJIOBu:a 11 AJIl16yHapa, KOjl1 nOMa)Ky carnenaaatse 11 npencrasn.aa,e

oaor ~o6a y Eanary 11 EaI.IKoj.

CBa OBa aacersa sesana cy aa BO~Y. 360r MorynHocTI1 nnaarsen.a HI1CY OCHI1BaHa

aa 06aJIaMa pexa, Ben na 06aJIaMa pI1TOBa, y~aJbeHI1X 11 no HeKOJII1KO KI1JIOMeTapa on

rnasuor TOKa. OBaKBa spcra nozteae KOMyHI1KaU:l1je Mel)y HaCeJbI1Ma 11 IbI1XOBa1130JIaU:l1ja

o~ HenO)KeJbHI1X nOCeTI1JIau:a oxroryhaaana je je~HoCTaBHY0~6paHY. Hacersa y EapaH~I1,

Ilanejy 11 AJII16yHapy HaJIa3e ce na BeJII1KI1M OCTpBI1Ma y pirry, 113~l1rHYTa ozt 2 no 6 m on

HI1BOa none. 3aTo cy xyhe MOrJIe 611TI1 11 Ha~3eMHe 11 yxonane.

Y apXeOJIOIliKOM CMI1CJIY, npocrop Eanara 11 EaI.IKe y nepaorry BeJII1Ke Ce06e

aapozra je He~OBOJbHO n03HaT. 3a pa3JII1KY on nperxozrnor nepnona nacersa CBe no

He~aBHO CKOpO na HI1CY 611JIa n03HaTa I.IaK HI1 no noztamoaa ca pexor-aocnapaa,a.

3 Iloxyurajn na cc KO.a Hac 3ano'U1C pan aa npoysanatsy CJIOBCHCKHX H crapocpncxax HaJIa3HIIITa 6HJIH cy

xparxor naxa, aJIH cy nnax .aaJIH pC3yJITaTC. MY3Cj BOjBO.aHHC CC on 1993. roznme npHXBaTHO nJIaHCKOr

ncrpaxcnaan.a y 06JIaCTlI CJIOBCHCKC apxconornjc. On 1994. ,no 1996. ronaac MHHHcTapcTBo KyJITypC

Pcnyfinnxc Cp6HjC <pHllaHCHpaJlO jc TcpCHCKa ncrpascaaan.a na npojcxry "CJIOBCHCKa HaCCJba y CCBCpHOj

Ba-ixoj H CCBCpHOM Barrary". I1cTpa)/(HBaHa cy HaCCJba on 4. zto 10. BCKa. TOKOM acrpasorsaa,a, apXCOJIOIIIKC

CKlllIC .a06HjaJIC cy cxpoxrny aJIH Ba)/(HYMaTcpIIjaJIHy noztpuncy on Hsapunror acha BOjBO,nHHC, onurrmra OnosoH Y:oKa. MCCIIHX aajcznmna KOJlyT H Ilancj H nOJbOnpHBpc.aHHX ra3.aHHCTaBa y KOJIyTY, Xoproury, Ilaacjy H

Ll.06pHUH, aa lfCMy HM CC HCKpCIlO aaxaarsyjcsr. EPOjHH CTy,nCHTH apxconornjc <t>IIJI030<pcKor <paKyJITCTa y

Ecorpany, cBOjHM BOJIOHTCpCKHM pa.aOM 3HaTHO cy ,nonpHHCJIH noacharsy o6HMa ncrpazcnaassa.

47

fJIaCHHK CA,[( 15-16 (1999-2000) I1cTpa)l{HBaqKH panosn H pacnpase

TeK 3aIllTHTHHM apXeOJIOIllKHM ncxonaean.ava B. JIeKoBHna (Sason aa 3aIllTHTY

cnOMeHHKa xyrrrype Bojsonane H3 HOBor Cana) en 1986. no 1988. ronnne, .n;o6l1jeHI1

cy npsu nonaua 0 cTaM6eHHM o6jeKTI1Ma 5. no 7. sexa, Ha HaJIa3HIllTY "MarapehaMJIHH" KO.n; AnaTHHa oTKpHBeHa je jezma xyha 6. sexa, H y Xoprouiy "CTy6 76"

aacerse 5. sexa. Cynehn no nonauaua H3 rnrreparype, nacen.a onor nepnozra cy BpJIO

MaJIO ncrpaacena na npocropy Mahapcxe (I. Bona, 1973; C. Janos, 19916, 157-225;

M. Laszlo, 1991, 227-316), a CKOpO HHKaKO na npocropy pyxryacxor Banara.

Ben nOMeHyTH pe3yJITaTH ncrpaacaaan.a, HOBHja ncxonanan,a ,[(. AH~eJIHnaca no je.n;HHM HCTpa)l{eHHM ofijexrov na HaJIa3HIllTHMa y I'ynapoiuy H Typnja(3aBo.n; aa 3aIllTHTY cnOMeHHKa xyrrrype Bojaonuae) xao H counaacna H

CHCTeMaTCKa ncxonanau.a xoja je Mysej Bojnozuure BO.n;HO on 1994. no 1996.

rozrane y Xoproruy "CTy6 76", KOJIyTy "Bahan" H "PHTcKa .n;OJIHHa", H Tlanejy"Bnnnseea-ra", OCHOBa cy na ce no npBI1 nyr KO.n; Hac aanoune npoyvanarse aacen.a5. no 7. sexa y Ba-nco] H Banary (xapra 1). Ilo3HUHje nacersa ce HI1CY npOMeHHJIe

y O.n;HOCy ua nperxonna nepaorr. Kao H paaaje, TO cy MeCTa ysnarnyra nap MeTapa

on HHBoa MOqBapa. Mory 6HTH caCBHM orpahena BO.n;OM, xao IllTO ce TO H3pa3HTO

yoxaaa y Xopromy H Tlanejy, HJIH na 06aJIaMa rrre je jerma crpaaa uacen,aoxpenyra BO.n;H. Pa3JIOr sa H360p CJIHqHHX MeCTa sa aacen.aaarse xao H y 4. nexyje naxuia 3aIllTHTa aacersa.

Cranosaa.e

Hansexme xylie KaCHOaHTl1qKOr nofia HHCy HCTpa)l{I1BaHe y Eaxxoj H

pyMyHCKOM zieny Banara, HHTH y Mahapcxoj, OBaKBo cran-e Mopa ce Y3HMaTH xaonpnapeaeao, 3aTO IllTO CI1CTeMaTCKI1X acrpaacnnaa,a OBHX uacersa HHje HI1 6HJIO

.n;OBOJbHO. Y urapeu oxpyaceisy, nansesore xyhe npanoyraoue OCHOBe n03HaTe cy ca

npocropa Iluresopcxe (Prahistoria Ziem Po1schih, 1981, 313, 384) 11 Hepn.axoncxexyrrrype (3. A. CbIMOHOBHq, 1993, 265-266).

Hanaexme xyhe cy no cana ncxonane caxro y Bapaaznr. Ha JIOKaJIHTeTy "MaJIe

JIHBa.n;e" KO.n; AJIH6yHapa KOHueHTpaUHja rrerra H rpnnapnje C nospumne TJIa raxoheyxasyje na aanaesme xyhe. C 063HpOM na je aa "U,HrJIaHH" KO.n; Tlaneja HCTpa)l{HBaH

casco nepnrpepna neo aacersa, nnje I1CKJbyqeHO zta cy y ueHTpaJIHOM neny nacersanocrojane H Ha.n;3eMHe xyhe. Hameuae xyhe y Eapannn cy KOHUeHTpHcaHe y

orpahenosr neny nacersa, CKOpO cy I1CTe opajearaunje 11 npaBHJIHO pacnopehene,,[(HMeH3Hje xyha cy no 10x8 m. C 063HpOM .n;a He nocroje TparOBH o.n; nofiajaa,acryfiona, 311.n;OBI1 cy rpahean necywn.nao o.n; nonopasno nOCTaBJbeHe npseue rpahe.3aneqeHH nen KOjH je nponahen yuyrap xyha HMa OTI1CKe npyha 11 nacaxa, IllTO

yxasyje .n;a no-rase ca 'raaanaue, C 063HpOM na HHCy nponahena TparOBI1 KOJba nanpanuy 3H.n;OBa. KpOBOBI1 xyha cy BepOBaTHO 6HJIH npexpasena TpCKOM. Yayrapxyha HaJIa3HJIa cy ce aarpnurra xpyzcne OCHOBe npeQHI1Ka no 1 m, ca rJII1HeHHM

npexraaou (nJIaH 1).

Ilonyaesrynaue cy ncxonanane na CBHM no cana HCTpa)l{HBaHI1M

JIOKaJIHTeTHMa. EHJIe cy crpaanua on 3 no 4 MeTpa, a yxonanane cy 1 no 2 m onaexanaunse nospumne TJIa. Ha JIOKaJIHTeTy "Kanaapnja'' KO.n; Eanarcxor KapJIOBua,

y ourreheaosr zteny nOJIy3eMyHHue npouahenn cy OCTaUH orn.aurra ca rJIHHeHHM

48

c. TPI1<pYHOBl1n Hacersa JII1Ml1raHaTa 11 CJIOBeHa y Baaary 11 Baxxoj

rrO)],OM, )],OK KO)], zrpyrnx crannurra HHCy nponahene HI1 nehn HI1 ora-amra. HeKI1 0)],

YKOrraHI1X ofijexara HMaJII1 cy y CBOM cacrany rpanoae aa xyaaa,e xpaae.Hanorpana,a norryyxonanax crannnrra, KaO 11 ofinaraa,e yxonanor ztcna spureno je

)],pBeTOM 11 TpCKOM, )],OK cy KpOBOBH rrOKpl1BaHI1 BepOBaTHO TpCKOM 11 CJIaMOM.

o 5m'--·--I-·.·····.l--,----.....I...---..,

Tlnau 1 - Eapauqa "Iluznaua" ucuipaxceuu qeo nacensa 4. eexaPlan 1 - Baranda "Ciglana" investigated part ofthe settlement - 4th century

ITOJIyyKorraHe H yKorraHe Kyne I1CTpa~I1BaHe cy Ha rrpocTopy naqKe (N.Stanojevic, M. Jovanovic, 1987, 4), pyrayncxor nena Banara (0. Bozu, 1990, 162) 11

Mahapcxe (c. Janos, 1991, 108/3-4, 153), a I1Ma I1X y qepaaxoBcKoj (3. A.ChIMOHOBHl{, 1993, 264), Knjencxoj (E. B. MaKcHMoB, P. B. TeprrHJIOBCKHH, 1993,260) 11 Flurenopcxoj (,n:. H. K03aK, 1993, 237) KyJITypl1. Yxonana cranaurra cyMo~)],a rrpI1BI1)],HO 6pojHI1ja 3aTO lliTO ce He Mory YHl1lliTI1TI1 rrpl1JII1KOM opaa.a,

TparrOBI1 cy pezronna nojasa na CBI1M HaCeJbI1Ma Banara 11 Banxe y OBO zrofia.

CJIY~HJIH cy xao OCTaBe sa xpany, aeposarao aajseurhe ~I1Ta. Yxonaaajy ce 0)], 70­80 em )],0 2,50 m a aory 611TI1 UHJII1H)],pl1l{HOr, KPYlliKOJII1KOr I1JII1 6al{BaCTOr 06JIHKa.

HeKI1 0)], lhHX MOrJIH cy canpacarn 11 rro rrap TOHa ~I1Ta. Ha HaCeJbY y Ilanejynpaueheao je rpynncan.e rro 'rpn rpana y 6JII1311HI1 xyhe, xao 11 al1XOBa BeJII1Ka

xonuerrrparmja na nepadrepnosr zteny nace.n,a. Ha HaCeJbY y Bapaann rrpaneheno jezta ce HaJIa3e BaH orpazre ueHTpaJIHOr nena nacersa. MaKO OBI1 apXeOJIOlliKI1

49

fJlaCHHK CAt( 15-16 (1999-2000)

JlOKaJlHTeTH HHCy HCKonaHH y ~eJlOCTH, anax OBaKBH nO,LJ.a~H yxasyjy na npOMHIIIJheHy

oprannaauajy nacersa H noneny npocropa na cTaM6eHH H eKOHOMCKH.

vb ,LJ.06a Ce06e HapO,LJ.a acxonana je no jemra Ha,LJ.3eMHa xyha y Xoprorny H KOJlyTy

"PHTcKa ,LJ.OJlHHa". To He 3HaqH,LJ.a HX na OBHM H ,LJ.pyrHM JlOKaJIHTeTHMa HeMa nmue. Je,LJ.aH

O,LJ. paanora IIITO He nocroje nO,LJ.a~H aa smne TaKBHX ofijexara je IIITO je sehana HaJIa3HIIITa

ncrpaacena casro COH,LJ.a)l{HO, a zrpyrn IIITO ce Ha,LJ.3eMHH 06jeKTH MHoro reese caxyaajy Hero

yxonaan, 360r nOJhOnpHBpe,LJ.He 06pa,LJ.e 3eMJhHIIITa. C 063HpOM ,LJ.a KO,LJ. nOMeHyTHx

ofijexara HHCy nponahene jasre aa ,LJ.pBeHe cTy60Be, npOH3HJla3H ,LJ.a cy 3H,LJ.OBH rpahena O,LJ.

BO,LJ.OpaBHO nOCTaBJheHHX 6aJlBaHa HJlH ,LJ.aCaKa. Y 06a cnyxaja nocrojao je TaBaH KOjH je

6HO ofinenrsea 6JlaTOM. t(OKa3 0 TOMe cy CHTHHjH YJlOM~H nena 6e3 OTHcaKa 06JlH~a,

peJlaTHBHO MaJI06pojHH ,LJ.a 6H nOTH~aJIHca 3H,LJ.OBa. OBaKBe xyhe, 6y,LJ.ynH ,LJ.a cy ,LJ.HMeH3Hja

H ,LJ.O 6,40x4 m, Morne cy 6HTH nperpaheae HeKOM JlaKOM nperpazron. Y "PHTCKOj ,LJ.OJlHHH"

KO,LJ. KOJlyTa nponahena cy ,LJ.Ba BaTpHIIITa, nspahena na CJlHqaH HaqHH OHHMa H3 Bapanne.KOJlHKO je n03HaTO aa cana He nocroje TaKBe arpazte ncrpascene y Mahapcxoj. I1Ma HX y

paHOM cpeznsea sexy y oxpyacea.y IlaHOHCKe HH3Hje, Haj6JlH)I{e y 06JlaCTH ropise Tnce H

ropa.e BHCJle (B. B. Ce,LJ.OB, 1982, 14-15).

IlOJlY3eMYHH~eH 3eMYHH~e cy oTKpHBeHe na CBHM HCKonaBaHHM HaJIa3HIIITHMa.

Eune cy crpaanua ,LJ.y)l{HHe O,LJ. 1,80 ,LJ.O 4 m, C THM IIITO je nOJlY3eMYHH~a y "PHTCKOj

,LJ.OJlHHH" KO,LJ. KOJlyTa, xpyxcne OCHOBe, npe-nnnca 3,50 m. YrJlaBHOM cy ce cacrojane O,LJ.

jenne npocropnje. Y Xoproury je HCKonaH 06jeKaT ca ,LJ.Be npocropnje, a y Tlanejy xyhaca ,LJ.Be cnojene npocropnje H 'rpanoxr y npozryacerxy. Kyhe cy yxonasane O,LJ. 70 em ,LJ.O

npexo 2 m, O,LJ. xera je 3aBHCHJla H lhHXOBa aanorpaznsa, Cy,LJ.enH no npHpO,LJ.HOM

OKOJlHlllY, KpOBHH npexpnaa-ra cy MOrJlH 6HTH O,LJ. 'rpcxe, aJIH H O,LJ. crraxre.

Hexe O,LJ. nonyaesryanna 6HJle cy 6e3 YOqeHOr sarpnurra HJlH nehn. Ko,LJ. OCTaJIHX cy

sarpmtrra 6e3 nornrrype, H 3eMJhaHe xanoracre neha, 6HJle y yrrry, HJlH na cpe.LJ.HHH 3H)].a 06jeKTa,

YHYTap caaor yxona HJlH BaH lhera, ca npHJla30M xa lheMY H3 craufenor ,LJ.eJIa. Barpnnrra cy

HenpaBHJlHO xpysoror 06JIMI<a, npesmuca 0,50 ,LJ.O 0,80 m, a xanoracre nehn cy noncomoracror06JlHKa, rtpexaaxa OKO 1 m. Y XoproIIIY cy y CJl060,LJ.HOM npocropy, Y3 ceerannnrre, BaH

craM6eHHX ofijexara, npoaaheaa yxonaaa aarpnnrra, KBa,LJ.paTHeH npasoyraoae OCHOBe.

CKOpO na CBHM HaJla3HIIITHMa nponahenn cy TpanOBH aa -rysaise )l{HTa. Ilo

06JlH~HMa H ,LJ.HMeH3HjaMa nocroje Meljyc06He paanmce, jezmaxe OHHM KO,LJ. rpanosa H3

npeTXO,LJ.He enoxe.

Cpa3MepHO 06HMy HCTpa)l{eHOCTH, nnancxa opranasannja nacersa MO)l{e ce

Came,LJ.aTH je,LJ.HHO y Xoproury (nrraa 2), ,LJ.OK ce y Ilanejy aa cana MO)l{e casro HaCJlyTHTH.

Y Ilanejy, TO je nortena aa cTaM6eHH H 3aHaTCKH neo nacersa. Y Xoproruy je ucrpaxcenneo nacersa KOjH je H3 HeKHX paanora H30JlOBaH na ocrpsue, ca 06jeKTHMa rycroKOH~eHTpHcaHHM y BpJlO opraHH30BaHoM npocropy. Y Cpe,LJ.HIIITy ce HaJla3HJlO

CBeTHJlHIIITe ca npaBHJlHOM opajearaunjora xa crpaaaua CBeTa, xao IIITO cy yOCTaJIOM

opajerrracaaa H OCTaJlH 06jeKTH H3 re ¢a3e. bJlH3Y CBeTHJlHIIITa 6HJla je xyrra, Ha je,LJ.HOM

Kpajy nacersa npocrnpy ce OCTa~H BeJlHKOr rpaheaancxor KOMnJleKCa - nanare (,LJ.BOpa),

,LJ.OK ce na npyroa xpajy nanase nOJlY3eMYHH~e pacnopehene y pe,LJ.OBHMa. Ilanara je

raxobe rpaheaa ,LJ.pBeTOM H 3eMJhOM. Ko,LJ. re rpaheanne rpefia npernocrasara cnpar C

063HpOM na ,LJ.e6JhHHy 3H,LJ.OBa. KYJla je sepoaarno HMaJla H ,LJ.Ba cnpara.

50

Hacersa JIHMHraHaTa H CJIOBeHa y Baaary H Eaxxoj

.. J ···1 ········1··· +.I !

·[··+· .. 1 .... ·.... · ..·· .. ······· .. ,····

!

'j j

;

+-

·1 j ..

---1-~L-Li

+---+-_.. -j- .j

JIJIaf/ 2 - XOpZOUl "Cmy676"uctupascenu qeouacena 5. eexaPlan 2 -lJorgo.~ "Stub 76" investigatedpart ofthesettlementfrom the5thcentury

Ilpaspena

Ilpnnpena KaCHOaHTHqKOr nofia 3aCHHBaJIa ce aa 3eMJbOpa,nlhH H croxapcrny.

ApXeOJIOlliKa CBe,nOqaHCTBa 0 rajen.y rnnennue, npoca H npyrnx nOJbOnpHBpe,nHHX

xyrrrypa, npe csera no'raxy OJ]. OTHCaKa apaesn.a na rpnxapaja H neny ozt xyha. Ben jenaseneno na je )!(HTO xyaano y BeJIHKHM 'rpanonava, a nponaheae cy H BeJIHKe rJIHHeHe

nocyzte xoje cy CJIy)!(HJIe aa cxnanmnren,e )!(HTapHu.a y caMHM xyhana. IIpHJIHqHO cy6POjHH HaJIa3H KaMeHHX 6pyceBa KOjH cy CJIy)!(HJIH aa onrrperse ce-nma xoca H cprrosa.

Ilorsonpaspeznre aJIaTI<e sa ofipazry 3eMJbe, xao H aa xcerny HHCy npouahene, To je H

51

[naCHHK CA,l], 15-16 (1999-2000)

pa3YMJbHBO C 063HpOM zta je rBo:>Idje 6Hno nparoueno. Y CBHM HaCeJbHMa nponahenn cy,LJ;enOBH )KpBlheBa aa MneBelhe )KHTa. )KpBlheBH cy npaarsenn najxemhe O,LJ; KaMeHa Ty¢a HnH

raajca."

KOCTH ,LJ;OManHx )KHBOTHlha norsphyjy ysroj CTOKe. Do nOAaIJ,HMa ca noxamrrera y

Tlanejy H EapaH,LJ;H y 4. sexy CTaHOBHHIJ,H cy y ncxpaua MeCOM KOpHCTHnH npH6nH)KHO 40%rOBe,LJ;HHe, 30% OBqeTHHe, 20% csmserna,e. Ilopen OBHX ,LJ;OManHX )KHBOTHlha, rajemr cy

KOlh H naco ,l],HBJbaq je y ncxpann yxecraosana ca Bpno ManHM npOIJ,eHTOM, TaKO ,LJ;a ce nOB

H pH60nOB Mory nOCMaTpaTH casro xao Y3rpe,LJ;He npnspenae ,LJ;enaTHOcTH xoje cy

06e36eljHBane 60raTHjy 'rpneay.

3aHaTH cy raxohe qHHHnH npaspenny crpyicrypy OBHX nacersa. HeKH O,LJ; lhHX

noraphean cy apxeorrounooa narraaaxra a npyrn ce Mory npernocrasara. Ha pasaajea,LJ;pBO,LJ;eJbCKH 3aHaTyxasyjy npe csera apxeonomxa nO,LJ;aIJ,H 0 ztpseaoj apxarexrypn. Taxoheje npenjaer pana ,LJ;pBO,LJ;eJba Morna 6HTH H3pa,LJ;a qaMaIJ,a H cnnaaosa 0 KojHMa nocrojenO,LJ;aIJ,H y HCTOpHjCKHM H3BopHMa (A. Marcellini, 1958, 129). Hanasa rB03,LJ;eHHX npensreraH rB03,LJ;eHe urn-axe rosope 0 KOBalhY rBO)Klja, a sepoaarno H npepazm rB03,LJ;eHe pyne,)KpBlheBe O,LJ; xasrena npaaann cy CneIJ,HjanH30BaHH xnecapn. Hanasa npmrseaaxa saspereao rosope 0 npenea.y syae, a Moryne je npernocramrra H ynorpefiy JIaHaH KOHOTIJbe.

3aje,LJ;HO ca THM, cnrypno je, HAeH rxarse y xyhnoj pa,LJ;HHOcTH. 5 DopeATKaHHHa, sa onesaa,eje Ta,LJ;a xopmuheira H KO)Ka ,LJ;OManHX H ,LJ;HBJbHX )KHBOTHlha, 0 xajoj 06paAH rosopeMan06pojHH aanasn KOllITaHHX urnna. Ilopen nrnna, O,LJ; KOCTHjy )KHBOTHlha npasrseaa cy H

ztpyrn npe,LJ;MeTH, xao llITO TO noxasyje nanas cnaxyre na "UHrnaHH" y Ilanejy (T. 9/1).

Behnna O,LJ; OBHX BellITHHa caCBHM carypno cy 6Hne pe,LJ;OBHa ,LJ;enaTHOCT CBaKe nOpOAHIJ,e.

Kao npasrep MO)Ke ce HaBeCTH TKaqKH3aHaT, 6e3 qHjer ce saaa,a nesojse y HeKHM ,LJ;eJIOBHMa

Cpfinje HHCy Morne y,LJ;aTH ,LJ;O uajcxopnjax npesreaa. Mehyraa, nnaea,e H xosaa,enpHMelbHBanH cy Jby,LJ;H ca noce6HHM 3HalbHMa, KOjH cy nO,LJ;MHpHBanH norpefie je,LJ;HOr HnHnnuie cena. Tpaxapcxa 3aHaTje ynpaxasaaaa na 06a naunna. TpaAHIJ,HOHanHa rpnsapnjapaheaa rn.erarsesr rtpasrseaa je y xylu: (M. <1>HJIHnOBHn, 1951), AOK cy nocyne paheae na6p30M H cnoposr BHTny npOH3BO,LJ; nOHqapCKHX pa,LJ;HOHHIJ,a.

Tpronnaa je ,LJ;enaTHOCT xojy norsphyjy nanasa YBe3eHe pofie, ana H nOAaIJ,H H3nHcaHHX assopa. OHH rosope 0 YCTaJbeHHM MeCTHMa na ,l],yHaBy, na KojHMa cy napnapa ca

nese ofiane 'rproaann ca CTaHOBHHllITBOM pasrcxe ,LJ;p)KaBe (Zos. V 22 rrpesra ,l],.

,l],HMHTpHjeBHn, 1975a, 69). Ca 're crpaae YBO)KeHH cy ¢HHanHH npoH3BoAH. To najfiorsenoxaayjy nanasn pHMCKe rpnxapnje, Meljy xojaxra ynOMIJ,H aM¢opa rosope 0 TproBHHH

YJbHMa H nHneM. Ilopen rora YB03HnH cy ce npenjaera O,LJ; craxna H craxnene nacre (D.Benea, 1997, 279-291), HaKHT OAMeTanaa MO)K)J;a H npyrn MeTanHH rrpenssera. Kao H3B03HHnpOH3BO,LJ;H ca npocropa Baaara H Baxxe Mory ce npeTnoCTaBHTH )KHTapHIJ,e, croxa, KO)Ka,

syaa. ,l],a rprosaua HHje 6Hna oxpenyra caxro xa reparopnjn PHMcKor IJ,apCTBa rosopenanasa KaMeHHX )KplheBa qHje je nopexno najsepoaaraaje ca Kapnara, HJIH nepmr OA

nHJIH6apa xoje ce aanase y rp060BHMa (C. Bapa-ncn, 1961, 137) a rtoraxy H3 06JIaCTH

4 .ll.CTaJhHHjC nonarxc 0 apxnrcxrypn, non.onpaapenn, cro-rapcrny, TCKCTHJlY, xasrcuy, MCTaJlyprHjH HTCXHOJlOrHjH rpu-rapnjc nOTpa)l(HTH y nocc6HHM crynnjana KOjC cc ofijaarsyjy y OBOM 6pojy rJlaCHHKa.

5YJlOMl.{H rpn-rapajc 3.-4. BCKa ca OTHCl.{HMa TCKCTHJla 3a6cJlc)I(CHH cy aa HaJIa3HlIITY"CTapH anaorpann"

y 4ypyry, TCK xana jc ofipana yaopaxa ca TaKBHMOTHCl.{HMa Ben 6HJla 3aBplIICHa aa norpefie osor pana,

52

ceseprro II CeBepOIICTOqHO ozr Kapnara, BeJIIIKa noxreparsa CTaHOBHlIlliTBa 1I3 06JIaCTlI

CeBepOIICTOqHO on Kapnara y Ilanonnjy, 1I3a3BaHaXyHCKOM aajeaaoa (B. B. Cezios, 1994,304-306), aJIlI II OHa Malhe ynanrsaaa, 0 xojasra rosopn rrplICYCTBO Capsiara TOKOM nenoraHTlI4Kor nepaozta y TIaHoHlIjlI, rosope na je rrocrojana sesa 1I3Meljy rraHOHCKlIX II

3aKaprraTCKl1X6 06JIaCTlI II na cy Jhy.u:1I KOjlI cy je ozrpxcaaana rrpeHOCIIJIII paaaospcay po6y.

Y ztofia Ceo6e napona y npnapeztn ce nnje nnurra CYlliTIIHCKII 1I3MeHIIJIO. 11 na OBIIM

nanasmuraaa rrorsonpnspezta je norapheaa IICTIIM apXeOJIOIIIKIIM HaJIa3lIMa xao II y

HaCeJhI1Ma 4. nexa. To cy OTIICUII spaean.a )l(IITaplIua aa rpnxapaja, rpanoan sa xysarse

xpane, BeJIIIKe nocyzre xoje cy CJIy)l(IIJIe aa -rysan,e xpane xao II rrlITOCII aHTlIqKOr nofia,6POjHl1 6pyceBlI II .u:eJIOBII KaMeHIIX )l(pBlheBa. 3aHlIMJhlIBO je na ce )l(pBlheBII, a II fipyceaa,

npase ozt IICTIIX BpCTa xaxreaa xao II rrpe, KOjlI sepoaarno rroraxe ca IICTIIX JIe)l(IIIIITa, IIITO

ronopn 0 KOHTIIHYIITeTY 'rprona-ncax nyresa, seposarno npexia Kapnarana.

Ilpesra OCTeOJIOlliKOM MaTeplIjaJIy, y OBOM nepnoay ronese ysecrsyje y IIcxpaHII

CTaHOBHlIlliTBa OKO 10% name Hero y 4. sexy, na paxya OBqeTIIHe II CBlIlheTIIHe. HaJIa31I

KOCTlIjy xorsa II rrca nocroje II na OBIIM HaJIa3lIlliTIIMa, a KOCTII .u:IIBJhIIX BpCTacy xao II rrpe

3aCTYI1JheHe y 3aHeMapJhlIBOM npoueary.

11 y OBOM nepaozty 3aHaTlI ocrajy IICTII xao II paanje. 3a nexe on lhlIX lIMa jour amne

norapna y apXeOJIOIIIKIIM HaJIa3lIMa. Apxnrexrypa je ztpseaa, TaKO na II narse nocrojnnorpefia sa npaorrersaxa. YMene OBIIX3aHaTJIlIja 1I3pa3IITOje na apxarexrypa y HaCeJhY KO.u:

Xoproura. Ilopen yofiaxajennx nonyseaymma II Ha.u:3eMHIIX CTaHIIIIITa, TaMO cy nocrojanejasae rpaheanae BeJIIIKIIX .u:IIMeH3IIja. To cy KyJIa, nanara II CBeTIIJIIIIIITe, xao II jour nexerpahennne 4lIje je acxonaaaa,e TeK sanosero. ,L(pBeHa rpaha je MOpaJIa 6lITlI nascn.anoofipahnaana, 360r penpeaenrarnanor xapaxrepa caMIIX sztatsa, xao II 360r CJIO)l(eHIIX

KOHCTPYKTIIBHlIX 3aXBaTa. 0 TOMe rosope TparOBII CTy60Ba BeJIIIKIIX paasiepa II lhlIXOB

KBa.u:paTHII npecex. ITO.u:1I3alhY OBIIX rpahesana MOpaJIO je nperxoznrra 036lIJhHO

nnaanpan,e.

Ha BenlIHII nanasnurra 1I3 osor nepnona nocroje OCTaUII MeTaJIypmje raozcha.Hacerse "Bannsesasa" KO.u: Tlaneja .u:aJIO je 1I3y3eTHy KOJIlIqlIHY run-axe, IIITO yxasyje aa

MorynHocT nocrojarsa MeTaJIypIIIKor uenrpa, lIaKO ronaoaasapcse neha HIICY aa cananpoaaheae, TaKBy nperrrocrasxy norxpenrsyje II HaJIa3 rpysreaa XlI.IJ:pOreTIITa, MIIHepaJIHe

ClIpoBIIHe 1I3xoje ce Momo .u:06lIjaTII rBO)l(lje y Ilanejy, 11aKo oCTaUII rrOBpIIIIIHCKor xona y

BII.u:y BeJIIIKIIX, HerrpaBIIJIHIIX java na caMOM JIOKaJIlITeTY HIICY .u:06lIJIlI .u:e<pIIHIITIIBHO

ryua-ren,e, npernocraarsav na lhlIXOB HaCTaHaK Tpe6a noaesara ca BaljelheM T3B. 6JIaTHlIX

pyna, IIITO je apXeOJIOIIIKII norspheno aa npocropasra jyzcne PYClIje II Yxpajane y 3HaTHO

crapajau nepaoznoaa (A. C. Ocrpoaepxos, 1978,26-36).

Hspana TeKCTlIJIa on JIaHa II KOHOI1Jhe, najaeposarnaje II nnerea.e on nyae,noraphemr cy HaJIa3IIMa orncaxa TKaHIIHa II I1JIeTeHIIHe na YJIOMUIIMa rpaxapaje. HaJIa31I

npmrsenaxa ca sperena sa npehy nyne, xao II KOlliTaHIIX IIIlIJIa II IIraJIa, MaCOBHa cy nojasay HaCeJhIIMa rne cy acrpaacasan,a 06aBJheHa y BeneM 061IMY. Hapasno II xoaca xao

MaTeplIjaJI aa ozteaarse II y OBOM nepaony lIMa BeJIIIKY yrrory,

6 Ca aaurc Ta1.JKC rncnnurra non aaxapnarcxms 06JlaCTHMa rpefia BH)],CTH 06JlaCTH CCBCpOHCT01.JHO H

CCBCpHO OLI Kaprtara.

53

rrraCHI1K CA,l]. 15-16 (1999-2000)

Fpnxapaja

Fpnxapnja y HaCeJbI1Ma 4. sexa y Banary je pasnoponna no nopexny, Hal.J:I1HY

I13paAe 11 yxpamasan,a, KBarrI1TeTY 11 <pyHKU:I1jI1 xojy je I1Marra. Fpnsapnja ce npanana

rrserau.esr, na cnoposr 11 na 6p30M BI1Trry, a norpefie sa KBarrI1TeTHOM rpa-rapajosr

nonyisaaane cy YB030M ca pI1MCKOr Trra.

PI1MCKa rpn-rapnja A06aBJbaHa je BepOBaTHO 113 Haj6rrI1)KI1X PI1MCKI1X rrpOBI1HU:Mja.

OHa 113 Me3I1je AO cana HI1je nytinnxoaaaa, AOK OHa 113 TIaHOHI1je HI1je AOBOJbHO I13Yl.J:eHa

na 611 AeTaJbHO MOmI1 na carnenavo a.eao nopexno (0. Brukner, 1981). OA aM6arra)l(HOr

nocyha rrponanaxean cy AerrOBI1 aM<popa ca WI1POKI1M pefipasra rrOKpI1BeHI1 6erroM

eHro60M (T. VII/5-6). Bprro perxo ce HaI1rra3I1 na aM<pope npyraxajer asrnena, xao WTO

cy rrpI1MepU:I1 I1CKOrraHI1 aa rrOKarrI1TeTY "CerrI1WTe" KOA Anntiynapa. (C. TpI1<pYHoBI1n,

1994, T. l/5,6; III/4, 19). OA KyXI1lhCKOr nocyha nojanrsyjy ce rrOHU:I1 cserno CI1Be 60je,

3pHaCTe rrOBpWI1He ca AOCTa CI1THOr WJbyHKa y rrrI1HI1. Heurro npyra-mje <paKType, ca

peTKI1M3pHI1Ma WJbyHKa cy rrOHU:I1 I1CKOrraHI1 na Harra3I1WTY"Kanaapnja" KOABauarcxorKapnosua (T. VI/9-15). OHI1 cy yrnaaaosr TaMHO CI1Be 11 MpKe 6oje. CTOHO nocyhe l.J:I1He

snene, TalhMpI1, Kpl.J:a3I1 11 60KarrI1, najsenrhe ca u:pBeHI1M npexiaaora, I1aKO I1X I1Ma

CrrI1KaHI1X 11 seneao rnehocannx (T. 1/1-2; VII/1-2, 4). Ha HeKI1M rrpI1MepU:I1Ma nojanrsyje

ce yxpac I13BeAeH ne-rarou (T. 1/3), a I1Ma 11 peTKI1X npnuepaxa nocyzta aspaheanx y

TeXHI1U:I1 I1MI1TI1palha Tepa cnranare (T. 1/4).

Jloxanne rpnxapcxe paAI10HI1u:e OTKpI1BeHe cy y Banary y Jyrocnasnja (P.

Pamajcxn, 1957, 39-56) M Y PyMyHI1jI1 (0. Bozu, 1990, 163). IDI1XOB MaCOBaH rrpOM3BOA

6I1rra je rpa-rapnja pahena na 6p30M BI1Tny, yrnanaov CI1Be 60je, xoja sapapa OA CBeTnI1X

)].0 CKOpO U:PHI1X TOHOBa. OBa rpn-rapnja je rro npasany rnaxana, a 11 yxpac je najseurheI13BeAeH yrnauasan.esr. MOTI1BI1 yxpaca cy CKOpO ysex reOMeTpI1jcKI1 (nI1HI1je xoje Mory

6I1TI1 BanOBI1Te, I13nOMJbeHe, BOAopaBHe 11 ycnpasne, CHOrrOBI1 nI1HI1ja, Mpe)l(e, pI16Jba

KOCT). Bpno peTKO nojasn.yjy ce dmopamur MOTI1BI1, a na HeKI1M ynOMU:I1Ma ce Ha3I1pe 11

<pI1rypanHI1 yxpac (T. VIII/14).

Fpuxapaja CrrI1Y:HI1X KapaKTepI1CTI1Ka, y KaCHOaHTI1Y:KOM A06y rrp0I13BOAI1na ce na

WI1POKI1M rrpOCTOpI1Ma BaH PI1MCKOr uapcraa. 0 TOMe rosope Hana3I1 rpHy:apCKI1X

paAI10HI1u:a aa TepI1TOpI1jI1 Ilurenopcxe 11 qeplhaxoBCKe xyrrrype, Kao rrpasrepa Mory ce

HaBeCTI1 Hana3I1WTa I1ronOMI1 y naaaunsoj TIOJbCKOj (H. Dobrzanska, 1990, 121, 151,163) 11 Y YKpajI1HI1 (3. A. CbIMOHOBI1Y:, 1993, 273). C 063I1pOM Aa ce paAI1 0 saaarcxoj

rpaxapnja BI1COKOr KBanI1TeTa OHa MO)l(e 6I1TI1 A06ap apxeOnOWKI1 MaTepI1jarr sa

narosaa,c ann He TOnI1KO aa eTHI1Y:KO onpeztenen,e. C 063I1pOM na nermxy KOnI1Y:I1HY xoja

ce Hana3I1 rrpI1nI1KOM acxonasaa.a 11 rrpI1CYCTBO y csaxoj aarsopeaoj u:enI1HI1, CTI1y:e ce

YTI1CaK na je 6I1na ofienecsje CTaHAapAa Tor npeueaa, a He 6I1no KaKaB rryxcya.

OBaKBa BpCTa rpnsapaje cnyacana je yrnaanosr xao CTOHO nocyhe 11 sa aM6arra)l(y.

3a xysaa.e xpane, naj-reurhe )l(I1Ta, npaarsenn cy nI1TOCI1 (T. IV/1). 3a rrOCYAe xoje I1Majy

06nI1K rrI1TOCa y MarrOM a rro BenI1'II1HI1 onronapajy nOHU:I1Ma, TeWKO je noysnaao OApeAI1TI1

nasreay (T. VIII/2). TIPI1JlI1KOM ncxonaaaa,a aa lhI1Ma ce HI1KaAa He HaI1Jla3I1 na 'rparoae

saropene xpane, xao WTOje TO cnyxaj ca nOHU:I1Ma paheaaa aa cnopoxi BI1Tny 11 raeraa.esr.Beposarao je na cy cnyacnne raxohe sa -ryaaise HaMI1pHI1u:a. Ilposepa OTrrOpHOCTI1 na

sarpy OBaKBe BpCTe nocyna Morna 611 AaTI1 oztpeheanja OAlOBOp aa OBO mrraa,e.

54

c. Tpnrpyaoaah Hacersa JII1Ml1raHaTa 11 CJIOBeHa y Banary 11 Basxoj

Mehy CTOHI1M nocyhexr ):(OMI1Hl1pajy 3):(eJIe. Hajseurha 06JII1K cy KOHI1Y:He 11

nOJIyJIOnTaCTe 3Ll.eJIe ca 3aLl.e6JbaJIl1M 060):(OM xoje I1Majy crony (T. 11/1; VIII/17, 18).IDI1XOBa npouenryarma 3acTynJbeHOCT je BeJII1Ka 11 He Melba ce TOKOM uenor 4. sexa,3Ll.eJIe 11 Talbl1pl1 ca BOLl.OpaBHO 1136ay:eHI1M 060):(OM cy peTKI1, aJIl1 ce nojasrsyjy TaKol)e

TOKOM uenor 4. nexa (T. 11/3; VIII/14-15). ,n:y60Ke 3):(eJIe ca paBHO saceseaaa 060):(OM,6I1KOHI1Y:Hor I1JII1 JIOnTaCTor 06JII1Ka, npexra nocanannssra nonanaua nojaarsyjy ce y

npsoj nOJIOBI1HI1 4. sexa (T. 11/6-7; IV/11). Kao npaBI1JIO, KO):( lbl1X ce no 060):(y nojanrsyjeyrnaxaaa BaJIOBI1Ta I1JII1 113JIOMJbeHa JII1Hl1ja. OBaKBe 3Ll.eJIe I1Majy CJII1Y:HOCTI1 ca jeLl.HOM

BpCTOM 3Ll.eJIa y Ihnenopcxoj KyJITypl1 (H. Dobrzanska, 1990,85, CJI. 11/15; T. LXII/6-14).

Y HaCeJbY aa "Ul1rJIaHI1" KOLl. Tlaneja, xoje je 113 ztpyre nOJIOBI1He 4. sexa, yornnre I1X

nesra. Y OBOM HaCeJbY ce HaJIa3e 6I1KOHI1Y:He 3):(eJIe ca jeLl.HOCTaBHI1M 3aKOrneHI1M 060):(OM

(T. VIII/23-25). Hexe 0):( lbl1X xao 11 npyre nocyzre ca osor HaJIa311rnTa yxpaurene cyycnpasnaa I1JII1 BOLl.OpaBHI1M ¢aceTaMa. Kao Haj6JII1)l(11 npasrepa TaKBI1X nocyna Mory ce

HaBeCTI1 HaJIa311 113 UpBeHKe KOLl. Bpuma (A. H. Vaday, 1985, 32). OBaKaB HaY:I1Hyxpamasan,a He rtpasrersyje ce na nocyhy 113 Bapaane, y npnoj nOJIOBI1HI14. sexa. Kpy:a311

11 60KaJII1 ce jasn.ajy y pa3JII1Y:I1TI1M napajaaraxra 11 npI1JII1Y:HO cy 6POjHI1 (T. 11/12-14;IV/5-6; VIII/3-4,7-8; X/4). YmaBHOM cy jeLl.HOCTaBHor saxoureaor 060):(a. HeKI1 I1Majy, a

HeKI1 HeMajy npuncy. Ilopen HaBeLl.eHI1X 06JII1Ka nojaarsyjy ce MaJIe nocyne, snernme 11nexapn, pa3JII1Y:I1TI1X 06JII1Ka (T. VIII/21-23).

Ilocefiay BpCTy npencraan.ajy nocyrte 06JII1Ka xpxara 6e3 ztpnnce aJIl1 ca je):(I1HI1M

KPY)l(HI1M OTBOpOM na 60Ky (T. 11/15; IV/4; V/1). OCI1M HaJIa3a113 AJIl16yHapa, EaHaTCKor

KapJIOBl..{a 11 Bapanne, aa cazta HI1CY n03HaTI1 CJII1Y:HI1 HaJIa311 na Ll.pyrl1M npOCTOpI1Ma. C

06311pOM na KOHTeKCT HaJIa3ay EapaH):(I1, rzte cy OBe nocyzte npoaaheae na nozty, sajenaoca Ll.eJIOBI1Ma pl1MCKe aM¢ope, xao 11 rparose lbl1XOBOr cnajarsa, MO)l(e ce HaCJIYTI1TI1 nacy CJlY)l(I1Jle aa np0I13BOLl.lbY I1JII1 xyaarse nexor aJIKOXOJlHOr nnha.

Cnenehy rpyny nocyha JlOKaJIHe uspane npe cnera OLl.JII1Kyje nspana na cnopoxiBI1TJlY, l1aKO cy aexe rrocyne MO)l(Ll.a pahene 11 na 6p30M BI1TJIY. Ee3 06311pa na HaY:I1H

aspane, noaesyjy I1X npnxrece xoje cy ztonasane y mI1HY. To cy najseurhe KaJII..{I1T, JII1CKyH

11 necax, TaKO zia no ¢aKTypl1 OBO nocyhe BpJIO nonceha na xacnaje, CpeLl.lbOBeKOBHo, 8.Ll.0 12. sexa. BpJIO cy peTKI1 npmaepun 3Ll.eJIa (T. VII/21), a ca nocanaunsnx acxonasaa.anacersa y EapaHLl.11 11 Ilanejy n03HaTO je nap npnaepaxa noxnonaua 11 jertaa neznrrsxa.OCHOBHI1 06JII1K Y:I1He JIOHI..{I1, KOjl1 cy CJIY)l(I1JII1 aa xysarse. Onncana ¢aKTypa

ouoryhaaana je sehy 113Ll.P)l(JbI1BOCT na sarpn. Morna 611 ce npeTnOCTaBI1TI1 jezma I1JII1

saure cnel..{I1jaJII130BaHI1x pannomnia xoje nonyrsyjy sanarcxy nOHYLl.Y CTOHe rpaxapaje.06JII11..{I1 JIOHal..{a cy npI1JII1Y:HO CTaH):(ap):(1130BaHI1, TaKO ):(a ):(OMI1Hl1pa JIOHal..{ BpJIO

aapaacenor spara 11 paBHO aacexeaor 060Ll.a (T. VII/25). CKOpO CBaKI1 JIOHal..{ je yxpaureay:eWJbeM. MOTI1BI1 cy CHOnOBI1 BOLl.OpaBHI1X, BaJIOBI1TI1X, 113JIOMJbeHI1X 11 rl1pJIaH):(OI1Ll.HI1X

JlI1Hl1ja, xao 11 KOCO yfianaa.e y:ernJbeM no paxreny I1JII1 060):(y nocyne (T. 1/30-36; IV/17­

19; VI/2-5; VII/21, 23-25; X/I0-12). Kao 11 ¢aKTypa, 11 yxpaurasarse OBI1X nocyzta BpJIO

JII1Y:11 na xacnnje yxpamasaa,e CJIOBeHCKe KepaMI1Ke y cpemsea nexy. Ca npyre crpaaeananoruje ce Mory nponahn 11 y "noxropoztasncoj" rpaxapaja npeprorcsor 11 paHOpl1MCKOr

Ll.06a (0. Brukner 1981, T. 111/4-6; O. Brukner 1987, 169, T. 33/13-14; 1995, 130, T. XX/205).Hajfinnace ncroapexrene aaanornje sa cana noxasyje zteo nocyha Ilpeuroscxe xyrrrypey I1CTOY:HOj CJlOBaY:Koj, aa xojy ce cMaTpa na je napajarrra n03HO Ihuesopcxe xyrrrype

55

Fnacnnx CA)): 15-16 (1999-2000) I1cTpa)l(HBalJKH panoan H pacnpase

(B. EYAHHCKH-KpHlJKa, 1990, T. II/10; B. B. Cenos, 1994,292). Ilopen nonaua, aa xysan,ecy ce npaaann H KOTrrHnH. Y HaCeJbHMa KOA Bapanne M Tlaneja sa cana HHCy safierreacenn,ana je y 06jeKTy 1 na noxamrrery "Kanaapnja" KO.n, Baaarcxor Kapnosua ncxonan neoxorrmha (T.VI/1). Crnrxaa npnsrepax npaxynrsen je xao nospnrnacxa nanaspexoraocunparseu, aa Harra3HIIITY "Mane naaane" KOA Annfiynapa (T. IV/21). Kao

nenocpenaa aaarrornja MO)l(e ce HaBeCTH TaKaB KOTrrHn H3 nacersa nosnor 4. nexa y

[(pBeHKH KOA Bpuiua (H. Craaojes, 1996, 92). To cy KOTrrHnH UHrrHHAPHlJHOr Terra,

ofinor AHa, paBHO aacexeaor 060Aa ca BepTHKarrHO rrOCTaBJbeHHM yuncaxra. TaKBHX HMa

H ua 'repnropuja Mahapcxe, rne ce raxohe naryjy y KaCHOaHTHlJKO ztofia (MagyarorszagRegeszeti topografiaja 8, 1989, T. 44).

Tpn-rapnja pahena rn.erarsea neurro je name sacrynrseaa y EapaHAH Hero y

Ilanejy. To cy nocyzte xoje cy rtpaan.ene OA rJIHHe y lJHjM cacras je nonasaaa npofirseaarpnxapnja, a lJeCTO H oprancxe MaTepHje. Kao H KO.n, nperxonae BpCTe, BepOBaTHO ce

rrOCYAe nexy na OTBopeHOM orIbHIIITY, 0 lJeMy ronopn nepaanosrepna fioja nexea,a.Ilourro OBa rpa-rapnja, 360r oc06HHa y <paKTypH, oztroaapa snnre sa xysaa,e, aaj-reurha06rrHK cy rrOHUH. Kozr noaaua nocrojn H3BeCHa CTaH.n,apAH3aUHja 06rrHKa, TaKO na cy

060AH 06HlJHO paarpayrn H cpernse .n,y)l(HHe. 06rrMK noaua je najxemhe jajornnc HaKO HMa

H 6HKOHHlJHHX (T. 1/14-15,17; VII/17-20). I13Y3eB OBHX, nojasn.yjy ce y EapaHAH rrOHUH

'-IHjH je 060.n, UHrrHH.n,pHlJaH HrrH lJaK aaxouren na ynyrpa (T. I/9, 16), xao H rrOHUH

KOHHlJHOr 06rrHKa KO.n, KOjHX je rrpe-nnrx 060.n,a 3HaTHO seha ozt npe-nnrxa ztna (T. I/11­

13). Bprro cy peTKH yrroMUH nenana 6e3 spara, xao H OHH ca .n,yrHM sparoa (T. 1/7, 16).

Kynacrn noxnonnn ca zryrraeracrora .n,PIIIKOM KopHIIITeHH cy xao AOAaTaK rrOHUHMa, 360r

naxurer xysatsa (T. 1120-21; VII/8-10). Hexonnxo ynoxrarca H3 Ilaneja H jenaa H3

Bapanne yxasyjy na xroryhaocr nocrojan.a Kpy)l(HMX rtrroxa, xoje cy cnyacnne sa nexea.expane (T. VII/II). Mann je 6poj nocyzta xoje cy rro 06rrHKy KOHHlJHe srtene (T. 1/22-23;

1V/22; VII/7), ann C 063HpOM na nocrojan,e nenaxor 6poja anena pahennx na 6p30M

snrny, HHje HCKJbYlJeHO zta cy ce xopncrune aa xyaaa.e y BHAY rrrrHTKHX nrepna. OsajH360p 06rrHKa nonyn.yjy nanasa MarrHX nocyna-xanmua xoje cy ce Morrre KOpHCTHTH aannhe (T. 1/18, 24, 28; VII/12-14). Yxpaurasaa,e OBe BpCTa rrocylja je spno CKpOMHO.

CBOAH ce aa perxe npnxrepe YTHCKHBalha jauaua rro 060.n,y rrpCTOM HrrH HeKOM arrarxosrH H3Y3eTHO peTKO YTMCKHBalhe jezmocrpyxnx BanOBHTHX mmaja (T. 1/7, 10, 13; IV124;

VII/14, 16). Ilocyne paheue rtserarsejr, HaKO cy nonajanme nponaaon noxanneTpaAHUHje, HMajy nexe CrrHlJHOCTH ca nseraaasr rrOHUHMa H3 ropa.er Iloznsecrpoarsa, ca

npocropa Hepa.axoacxe xyrrrype (B. )):. Bapaa, 1981, 178-187), xao H ca npocropaKnjeacxe xyrrrype H3 cpeznser Flornsenpoan,a H Iloztecea.a (P. B. Teprmnoscxaa, 1984,

75, 82, 84, 94-113). OBa BpCTa rpaxapaje npencrasrsa xyhny pannnocr xojy cy

onpacasane )l(eHe. fI03HaTa je rrpe aHTHlJKOr nepnona, ann H xacnnje y cpe.n,lheM sexy.

Meljy nocybesr paljeHHM 6e3 ynorpefie aarna, nocefino ce nazmaja rpyrra ynoxraxanocyna H3 06jeKTa 16 y Tlanejy (T. X/13-28). TH ynouua HaljeHH cy ca AerrOBHMa nocynapaheanx na 6p30M H cnopoxr srrrrry xoje cy Ben onncaae. Behnaa ynoaaxa OBe rpyrre

rnaxaaa je, a rro 06rrHUHMa H yxpacy ce caCBHM paamncyjy on ocrane rpaxapnje paheaerIbeTaIbeM. Meljy rrOHUHMa npenosnajy ce 06rrHUH ca yBylJeHHM 060.n,OM, 6e3 spara, xaoH ca .n,yralJKHM KOCO paarpayrasr 060.n,OM. Haj-renrhn 06rrHK snene je ca yBylJeHHM

060.n,OM, HaKO HX HMa H KOHHlJHOr 06rrMKa ca je.n,HOCTaBHHM 060.n,OM. Yxpamasaae cy

56

c. Tparpyaonnh Hacersa JII1Ml1raHaTa 11 CJIOBeHa y Banary 11 Basxoj

najxeurhe rnanan.ext, YTI1CKI1BalheM jaanua npCTOM no rpfiyxy nocyne, xao 11

aanerrrsnaaa.en rpaxa 11 ,lJ.yrMeTacTI1X zrpuncn y npeneny spara nocyne. OBa CaCBI1M

ocofiena BpCTa rpn-rapnje JIaKO ce MO)J(e 113,lJ.BOjI1TI1 11 nOBe3aTI1 ca npnuepaaa CJII1t.IHe

rpaxapaje 113 cesepae Mahapcxe 11 CJIOBat.IKe, xoje cy y ,lJ.06a KaCHe aHTI1Ke 11 Ce06e

napona KOHTpOJII1CaJIa repxrancxa nneueaa. TaKBO nocyhe, narse na sanan MO)J(e ce

npaTI1TI1 ,lJ.0 Hexramce (K. Vegh Katalin, 1985, 98-100; B. Svoboda, 1965, T. VII5, 8;

LXV/5; CI/16, 17; B. Schmidt, 1976, T. 16/2,24/9,10, 119/1n). HeKI1 rtpaxrepn xao lllTO

je yJIOMaK nocyzte yxpaiuene yrnaxanatsesr KOHLleHTPI1t.IHI1X 'rpoyrnona (T. X/25),

ananornje I1Majy aa jyroI1CTOt.IHI1M npOCTOpl1Ma Iluieaopcxe KyJIType, OKO Kpaicona (H.Dobrzanska, 1990, 85, CJI. 11/19).

3a pa3JII1KY 0,lJ. KaCHOaHTI1t.IKOr ,lJ.06a, rpHt.IapCKI1 3aHaT ce y ,lJ.06a Ce06e napoztar0TOBO yracuo. Tpavapnja ce y OBOM nepnony npasn 6e3 ynorpefie BI1TJIa, rrseran.ev, a

BpJIO peTKO na cnopoxr BI1TJIY. HaKO je pe-r 0 rtseranoj rpaxapaja, mrraa,e je zta JII1 je

paheua caxro y OKBl1pl1Ma CBaKe xyhe rtonaocofi, I1JII1 je nnax nexa ceocxa pa,lJ.110HI1Lla

3a,lJ.OBOJbaBaJIa norpefie smue ,lJ.OManI1HCTaBa.

TprOBI1Ha je apXeOJIOlllKI1 BI1,lJ.JbI1Ba no HaJIa311Ma rpnxapaje crpanor nopexna,pahene na 6p30M BI1TJIY. HMa je na HaJIa311lllTI1Ma 5. 11 6. sexa, 11 HeMa cyMlhe na rrOTI1t.Ie

113 BI13aHTI1jcKI1X rpanona y cycencrsy. CaCBI1M cnrypao, Hl1je ce TprOBaJIO caxrorpaxapajoxr, aJII1 ce OCTaJII1 np0I13BO,lJ.11 He Mory apXeOJIOlllKI1 nOTBp,lJ.I1TI1. ,[(eo CTpaHI1X

BI13aHTI1jcKI1X np0113BO,lJ.a 11 60raTCTaBa, y 3aBI1CHOCTI1 0,lJ. nOJII1TI1t.IKI1X npl1JII1Ka,

npafiasn.aa je 11 nJbat.IKOM, 0 t.IeMy nocroje nO,lJ.aLlI1 y caBpeMeHI1M BI13aHTI1jcKI1M nl1CaHI1M

113BOpl1Ma (Miracula S. Demetrii I, 1955, 184; Procopius, 1955, 48-49).

Mehy rpn-rapnjoxr 5. 11 6. nexa anCOJIyTHO ,lJ.OMI1Hl1pajy nocyzte paheae ra.eraa.en.Y BpJIO MaJIOM 6pojy nojasn.yje ce rpaxapaja pahena na cnopoxr 11 6p30M BI1TJIY. MehyHaJIa311lllTI1Ma nocroje pa3JII1Ke, TaKO na ce y "PI1TCKoj ,lJ.OJII1HI1" KO,lJ. KOJIyTa 11

"Marapehesi MJII1Hy" KO,lJ. AnaTI1Ha, nojaan.yje neurro nmne nocyzta ca 6p30r BI1TJIa Hero

lllTO je TO cny-raj na OCTaJII1M HaJIa311lllTI1Ma. JIOHLlI1 pahean na crropOM BI1TJIY BpJIO cy

perxa nojasa 11 HaJIa3e ce caxro y Xoproury 11 Tynapomy 113 5. nexa, Yxpaurasaaa cy

t.IelllJbeM 11 Mory ce 06jacHI1TI1 xao HaCTaBaK ,lJ.eJIaTHOCTI1 pa,lJ.110HI1Lla 113 4. sexa. TOKOM

Ce06e aapozta TaKBO nocyhe je npncyrno na npocropy ,[(olhe Aycrpnje (H. Friesinger, CJI.

6/1-7; 28/1-2, 6, 8) lllTO yxasyje na Moryne sese jyroncro-nror ca ceaeposanaznnor,lJ.eJIOBI1Ma Ilanonaje. Tlocyhe paheno na 6p30M BI1TJIY MO)J(e ce nO,lJ.eJII1TI1 y zme rpyne, Ynpny rpyrry cnaztajy nocyzte aspahene y HaCeJbI1Ma 4. sexa HenOCpe,lJ.HO npe xyncxenajesne. To cy nocyne CI1Be fioje 11 rnaxane, Hsnxoaa nojasa MO)J(e ce 06jacHI1TI1 nsojaxo.Y Xoproiuy, TO je CTaHOBHl1lllTBO xoje je npe)J(I1BeJIO XyHCKI1 ,lJ.OJIa3aK 11 OCTaJIO na )J(I1BI1

na I1CTOM npocropy, xyaajyha neurro MaJIO KBaJII1TeTHI1X np0113BO,lJ.a KOjl1 ce 360r

ynnurreaux pa,lJ.110HI1Lla, anure HI1CY npaBI1JII1. Y Ilanejy, y HaCeJbY MJIaljeM OKO CTO

ronnaa, TaKBa nojasa ce MO)J(e 06jacHI1TI1 caxyrtrsarsen aeourrehenax KaCHOaHTI1t.IKI1X

nocyzta 113 sanyurreaor nacersa yzrarseaor csera 1,5 KI1JIOMeTap. Taxro cy CTaHOBHI1LlI1

aacersa 6. sexa xonatsexr BeJII1KI1X KOJII1t.II1Ha 3eMJbe, najneposarnaje rpaxehn CI1POBI1HY

aa nobnjaa,e rnoacha, MOml1 na nponahy KBaJII1TeTHl1je nocyzte 113 crapnjer nacersa xojece t.IaK 11 ziaaac Mory ynorpetin.anarn, ,[(pyry rpyny t.II1He rrocyzte nspane I1CTOBpeMeHeca

nocrojan.ev nacersa. ,[(0 oaor nocyha CJIOBeHI1 cy y 5. 11 6. nexy ,lJ.OJIa3I1JII1 TprOBI1HOM

I1JII1 nJbat.IKOM. Ilocyne 113 OBe rpyne pa3HOp0,lJ.He cy no CBOM 113rJIe,lJ.Y. 0 nopexny He

57

rnaCHI1K CA)l, 15-16 (1999-2000)

MO)l(e MHoro zta ce xasce, c 063l1pOM zta je rpaxapnja pOMejcKI1X pa.n;110Hl1qKI1X uerrrapa 113

cycencrsa nencrpaacena I1 aenyfimncoaana. On 06nl1Ka rrojasrsyjy ce nOHU;I1, xao KyXl1lbCKO

nocyhe, I1 snene, Kpqa311, 60KMl1 I1 nexapn xao CTOHO.

I'nasna OC06l1Ha rpnvapaje paheae rrserarsea je nonaaan,e BpCTe. BpCTY najxemheql1HI1 nporin.eaa rprorapnja, O.n;HOCHO IlIaMOT. Bpno qeCTO, y rrnray ce ztonajy oprancxe

MaTepl1je (cnaua, nrrena I1 spaean,e), a pehe necax, IIIJbyHaK, KMl.I,l1T I1 IlIKOJbKe. OBaKBe

nocyne nexy ce na OTBopeHOM OrlbI1IlITY. Yxpanrasajy ce spno peTKO, a najsenrhn MOTI1B cy

jaMI1u;e 113Be.n;eHe YTI1CKI1BalbeM rro 060.n:y. Ilopen 're BpCTe yxpaca, nospeaeao ce cpeheypeaasaa,e Bo.n:opaBHI1X, ycnpasnax MnI1 HerrpaBMnHI1X nl1Hl1ja OIlITpl1M MaTKaMa. Ha

HMa3I1IlITY "Bnunseaasa'' KO.n: Tlaneja nponahenn cy ynoMU;11 nocyna ca yTI1CHyTOM

qmrypanHoM npencraaov qeTBOpOHO)l(He )l(I1BOTl1lbe (T. XX/8).

Ilocyzte paheae ra.eraa.en cnyaoure cy yrnasnosr aa cnpevaa,e xpaae, l1aKO je 6Mno

Benl1KI1X nonaua KOjl1 cy MOrnl1 cnY)l(l1TI1 je.n:I1HO aa xyaaa,e )l(I1Ta I1ztpyrax HaMl1pHI1u;a. 3.n:ene

cy penaTI1BHO penca nojasa, TaKO zta ce MO)l(e rrpeTrrOCTaBI1TI1 MaCOBHl1ja ynorpefia ztpsenor

CTOHor nocyha. Xpaaa je Morna na ce cnpesia xysaisea I1 neseisea. 3a xysan.e cy

ynorpefirsaaana nOHU;I1, urepne H KOTnl1nl1. J10HU;11 ce jaarsajy ca sprro Pa3nI1QI1TI1M Tl1rrOBI1Ma

I1 aapajarrraua. Tpytio nocaarpano, MO)l(e ce Ka3aTI1 na ce nsa OCHOBHa 'rnna, ca KpaTKI1M I1

.n:yraQKI1M BpaTOMnposnaxe TOKOM nenor nepnozta 5. no 7. sexa, n zta cy HaCTaBaK nojase xoja

ce MO)l(e YOQI1Tl1jOIlI ozt KaCHOaHTI1QKOr ztofia (T. XI/28-39; XX/22-23, 27-33). Tan nonua 6e3

spara jaan.a ce caxro no paaor 6. sexa (T. XI/20-23). Mehy npodmnaaa nonana, rrorOTOBO na

Hana3I1IlITY y Xoproiuy, He nocroja craanapnmanaja, xoja je pannje, y 4. sexy 6Mna y ztofipoj

Mepl1 YOQJbI1Ba na Hana3I1IlITI1Ma y Bapaamr I1 Ilanejy. TaKBa pa3HOBpCHOCT y 06nHU;I1Ma

nenana MO)l(e ce 06jaCHl1Tl1 rrpMnI1BOM CTaHOBHI1IlITBa 113 Pa3nI1QI1Tl1X pernja y .n:06a xyncxe

BnaCTI1 I1 lbl1XOBI1M MeIlIalbeM ca 3aTeQeHl1M CTaHOBHl1IlITBOM.

Kao norspna TOMeMOry ce HaBeCTI1 ynoMU;11 noaaua 113 Xoproma paheaa rrseratsexr,

KOjl1 nporpanou 060.n:a nonpaacasajy 060.n:e HeKI1X KaCHOaHTI1QKI1X rronaua (T. XIV38-40).Taxohe cy npoaahean .n:enOBI1 nonana pal)eHI1 na 6p30M BI1Tny KOjl1 cy rro ¢aKTypl1 6nl1CKl1

nocynasra paheam« rn.eraa.eu I1 nome cy nexeaa (T. XIV42-43). To casro rOBOpl1 .n:a cy ce y

MeIlIaBI1HI1 CTaHOBHI1IlITBa xyncxor npeueaa, nanasana I1 POMejl1 .n;OBe.n:eHI1 BepOBaTHO xao

3ap06JbeHI1U;11 aa npocrope Ba-nce I1 Banara, 0 TOMe csenoxe I1 rroztaun 113 nacanax 113Bopa.

Ilpl1CK je onucao CYCpeT poxiejcxor nocnaacrsa ca CBOjl1M 3eMJbaKOM na ATMnI1HOM nsopy.

TI1 POMejl1 cy y nenocrarxy npomaona csoje xyrrrype, rtoxymaaann na .n:0611jy Cnl1QHe

npennere, panehn TO ca Malbe MnI1 BI1IlIe BeIlITI1He.

Y Xopromy cy npoaaheae nocyzte 06nl1Ka nrepne, xoje Mory 6l1Tl1 ca je.n;HOCTaBHI1M

BepTHKanHI1M 060.n;OM I1 060.n:OM pa3rpHYTI1M xao KO.n; nonaua (T. XI/9-11). IbI1XOBO paBHO

Ii TaHKO .n:HO, rro npasnny je nonarano rrpMnI1KOM nspazte na nonnory on nneae H apnesrsa.

OBaKaB 06nHK norsphen je CI1THI1M ynoMU;I1Ma y Tyaapoury (T. XIV/9-11) xao I1 y

"BI1IlIlbeBaQI1" KO.n: Tlaneja rzte mepne I1Majy HeIlITO zrpyraxajy ¢aKTypy (T. XX/19). OBaKaB

06nl1K nocyne aa cazta MI1 nnje rr03HaT ca ztpyrnx npocropa paaocpeznsoaexonnax xyrrrypa

cpezuse I1 I1CTOQHe Espone.

Ha HMa3HIlITHMa "BI1IlIlbeBaQa" I1 "nanaH" npoaahena cy .n;enOBI1 nocyna Cnl1QHOr

npecexa xao I1nrepne, ca KPY)l(HI1M OTBOpI1Ma npn 060.n:y, KOjI1 cy cnyxoma sa xasea,e nocyzte

l13Ha.n; sarpe (T. XX/18). Ha HeKI1Ma on lbI1X 6Mnl1 cy npnnenrseaa IlITI1THI1U;I1, KOjI1 cy

58

c. Tparpyaoaah

cnpesaaana na ce xononan sanann, lIlTO .LJ:OKa3yje lhl1XOBy ynorpefiy KaO KOTJII1na. Te nocynecy peJIaTI1BHO rrJII1TKe, cyneha rro HeKI1M YJIOMUI1Ma na Kojl1Ma je BI1AJbI1B noxerax pasaor.LJ:Ha. TaKaB 06JII1K aa cana je rr03HaT ca HaJIa3I11I1Ta y XepuerOBI1HI1 (11. l.IpeMOlIlHI1K, 1975,282).

Kpyaore IlJIoqe-.LJ:I1CKOBI1 nojasrsyjy ce na HaJIa3I11I1TI1Ma y Xoproury (T. XV5-6), 11

"Eahany" KO.LJ: KOJIyTa (T. XVIl0-12), .LJ:OK cy cyztehn rro CI1THI1M YJIOMUI1Ma sepoaaraonpncyrue y HaCeJbY y Tyaapoury (T. XIVI7-8), a MO)K)l,a 11 "PI1TCKOj .LJ:OJII1HI1" KO.LJ: KOJIyTa. Ca

OBI1M 06JII1KOM 3aje.LJ:H0 rpeoa rrOCMaTpaTI1 11 IlJII1TKe upenyrse (T. XV2; 20/5). 11 jerme 11

npyre HaJIa3e ce rrpe csera na I1CTOqHOCJIOBeHCKOM npocropy Meljy HaJIa311Ma IIelhKOBCKe 11

KOJIOQI1HCKe xyrrrypc (3THOKyJITypHa5.l xapra, 1985,89,96; II. 11.TpeTb5.lKOB, 1982, 102) xao11 y KyJITypl1 11nOTelIlTI1-nypeJI-KI1H.LJ:elIlTI1 (S. Dolinescu-Ferche, M. Constantiniu, 1981,318).

Ilopezt 'rora, OBaKBa BpCTa apXeOJIOlIlKOr MaTepl1jaJIa HaJIa311 ce 11 na cpemsoesportcsaaCJIOBeHCKI1M npocropnaa y OKBI1PY Ilpaurxe xyrrrype (G. Fusek, 1991,321,324). BPlIlHI1UI1Mace npexnanano Meco I1JII1 TeCTO sa ne-reise, xoje je Morno 611TI1 CTaBJbaHO na xpysore IlJIOQe

I1JII1 na sarpejany nornmuy Orlhl11I1Ta I1JII1 nehn. )KapoM cy ce 3arpTaJII1 BplIlHI1UI1. OBaKaB

06JII1K Hl1je rr03HaT ca npocropa 611JIO xoje xyrrrype KaCHOaHTI1QKOr I1JII1

paaocpeznsoaexosnor .LJ:06a y cpeznsoj 11 I1CTOqHOj Eaponn. BPlIlHI1UI1 cy nponahenn naHaJIa3111I1TI1Ma y Xoproury (T. XI/3-4), "Bahaay" KO.LJ: KOJIyTa (T. XV/20) 11 "BI11I1lheBaQI1"

KOnIlaneja (T. XX/2-3). 11MaJIl1 cy BaJbKaCTY .LJ:plIlKY na spxy, a npexnaxa cy O.LJ: 30.LJ:0 50 cm.Mory 611TI1 xynacror I1JII1 rrOJIyJIOrrTaCTOr 06JII1Ka. 113 rnrreparype rr03HaTI1 cy ca npocropaMahapcxe, rne ce ztaryjy y rr03HO aBapCKO .LJ:06a. TOKOM cperuser nexa BplIlHI1UI1 ce naEaJIKaHy jasrsajy KO.LJ: Cp6a. IIOlIlTO cy najcrapnja acrpaaotaana JIOKaJII1TeTI1113 9-10. sexa,He 3HaMO .LJ:a JII1 je osor 06JII1Ka nocyha 611JI0 KO.LJ: Cp6a 11 pannje. HeKI1 O.LJ:r0BOPI1 y TOM

npasuy MOrJII1 611 ce rrOTpa)l(I1TI1 Meljy He.LJ:OBOJbHO rr03HaTI1M HaJIa311Ma BplIlHI1Ka

paHoBI13aHTI1jcKor nepnona, rrpe csera y raphaaaaa (n. JaHKOBl1n, 1986, 80, CJI. 257-258).

Tonxe, O.LJ:HOCHO rrpexnann, aa cazta cy nponaheaa je.LJ:l1HO y Xopromy (T. XIIl). 11Majy 06JII1K

aapyfin.eae nnpasmne 11 xpehy ce on 20 .LJ:O 30 em BI1CI1He. Ka.LJ:a ce KOpl1CTe y rrapy xao CTaJIaK

aa paacan., jenna I1Ma OBaJIHI1 OTBOp Kp03 ueJIO TeJIO, a ztpyra caxro .LJ:O nona .LJ:a 611 paacan,Morao CTa611JIHO na ce oxpehe, Morrre cy ce KOPI1CTI1TI1 11 xao rrOCTOJbe sa mepny acnozt xojece y TOM cnynajy JIO)l(I1 sarpa (M. C. <Dl1JIl1rrOBl1n, 1951, 81-96). Kao 11 aa BplIlHI1Ke, BI11I1e

enexreaa'ra sa lhl1XOBO nOpeKJIO nocrojn na 6aJIKaHCKOM npocropy Hero na npocropnsraKaCHOaHTI1QKI1X 11 Cpe.LJ:lhOBeKOBHI1X xyrrrypa cpemse I1I1CTOQHe Espone. 11aKocy cnyacnne sacnpevatse xpane, I1MaMI11I1Jbelha .LJ:a cy KOpl11I1TeHe 113 KyJITHI1X pasnora (1. Tejral, 1989, 78,

80).

O.LJ: CTOHor nocyha nosaare cy je.LJ:I1HO 3.LJ:eJIe ca HaJIa3I11I1Ta y Xoproury, "Bahany" 11"BI11I1lheBaQI1". Y Xoproury TO cy najsenrhe .LJ:y6Jbe 3.LJ:eJIe KOHI1QHOr 06JII1Ka, xoje cy Morne

611TI1 yxpanraaane jaMl1uaMa rro 060.LJ:Y (T. XV7-8). TaKBe 3.LJ:eJIe 113 apesreaa Ceo6e HapO.LJ:anosnare cy Meljy HaJIa3I1Ma "3JIeXOBCKor rnrra'' ca npocropa CJIOBaqKe (1. Tejral, 1989,77-88).

Osaj 06JII1K y Xoproury je .LJ:l1peKTaH nponyzcerax CJII1QHI1X 3.LJ:eJIa rr03HaTI1X 113 Bapanne 11

Ilaaeja y 4. sexy. IlJII1TKe KOHI1QHe 3.LJ:eJIe nojanrsyjy ce y "Eahaay" KO.LJ: KOJIyTa (T. XV/25) 11

"BI11I1lheBaQI1" KO.LJ: Ilaneja, rne ce nojaarsyjy 11 IlJII1TKe 3.LJ:eJIe ca 060.LJ:OM nocyspahemer naynyrpa (T. XX/9-12). TaKaB 06JII1K 3.LJ:eJIa aa caztaje rr03HaT ca npocropa .n:aJIMaUl1je y 6. sexy(11. l.IpeMOlIlHI1K, 1965, T. XIII/5-10; 1976, T. XVII/24-27) a crapnja ysopn cy y

paHOpl1MCKI1M 06JII1Ul1Ma (0. Brukner, 1981, T. 68/46-53).

59

rJIaCHIIK CA)J; 15-16 (1999-2000) I1cTpa)KIIBa'IKII paLl,OBII II pacnpase

Ilopen rrocyha II npmrseaaxa, OLl, rJIlIHe cy npaarsean jour HeKII npeznrera. TaKaB je

HaJIa3 ztcna arpaxxe H3 Xoproura y BHLI,y rpyna 'IeTBOpOHO)KHe )KHBOTl1lhe. Hore)KIIBOTlIlhe 6HJIe cy OLl, npsera (T. XlIII 1). Y "BHllH>eBa'IH" KOLl, Ilaneja cy nponaheaaLl,eJIOBII rJIIIHeHHX rrJIO'Il1I.-la 'Illja naueaa HHje caCBIIM jacna. MO)Ke ce rrosmmrsara naKyJITHe xneoose KOjH cy paheaa OLl, rJIlIHe (Z. Vana, 1983, 21, 93), l1JIH na aexy zrpyryaerrpaxruxay HaMeHy.

)J;aTOBaH>e

Tlonarxe 0 Ll,aTOBaH>y nacersa KaCHOaHTH'IKOr Ll,06a Ll,06lIjaMo 1I3 HaJIa3a HOBua naHaJIa31I1liTlIMa y EapaHLI,1I1I Ilanejy, aHaJIH3e rpaxapnje, nonaraxa 1I3canpesrenax nacannx1I3Bopa II onurrnx HCTOPlIjCKIIX OKOJIHOCTl1. C 063HpOM na MaJIlI 6poj HCTpa)KIIBaHIIX

aacersa, xao II OrpaHII'IeH 06lIM TIIX IICTpa)KHBaH>a, aa cazra 6H KaCHOaHTII'IKII nepnon naTJIy Eanara MOrJIlI na rrOLl,eJIIIMO aa zrse ¢a3e. Ilpsa ¢a3a ofiyxsarana 61I nepnozr rrOCJIe

plIMCKor aanynrraa,a )J;aKlIje 270. rOLl,IIHe Ll,O cpennae 4. nexa. Hacerse y napaHLI,II

OCHOBaJIlI cy JIIIMlIraHTH neposaruo xpajea 3. nexa xana ce YKa3aJIa MoryliHocT na ce

HaCeJIII.reparopuja xojy cy PHMlbaHII HarrycTHJIII. Hacerse je rpajano TOKOM npse rrOJIOBHHe

4. sexa, zta 61I CTpaLl,aJIO aaropesnra y pary JIIIMlIraHaTa II paxrcice nojcxe 358. rOLl,HHe. 0TOMe CBeLl,O'Ie cnarsene xyhe ca HaJIa30M 6pOH3aHor HOBua KOHCTaHTHHa I na nony jeznreOLl, lhlIX. OBOj ¢a31I onrosapana 61I nacersa KOLl, Annfiyaapa "MaJIe JIHBaLl,e", H "Cennurre"II KOLl, Eanarcxor KapJIOBua "I..J,HrJIaHa-CTapH HCKOll". )J;pyroj ¢a3H npnnaaa nacerse y

Ilanejy xoje je OCHOBaHO MO)KLl,a CpeLl,HHOM, HJIH 'IaK rrO'IeTKOM rrOCJIeLl,H>e 'IeTBpTHHe 4.sexa. Yxonann o6jeKTII na OBOM nacersy OlliTeTIIJIH cy crapnje capsrarcso rpofin.e xoje ce

rro HaJIa3Y 6p0H3aHOr HOBua KOHcTaHUHja II (337-361) naryje rpytio Ll,O ztpyre rrOJIOBHHe 4.sexa, Ynaztn.nso je na na OBOM HaJIa31I1liTY HMa 3HaTHO MaH>e prrstcrce rpaxapaje, a

rrojaarsyjy ce H nocyzte yxpaurene ¢aCeTHpaH>eM, KapaKTepHCTH'IHe aa nepaon Ceo6e

napona. Hacerse je CTpaLl,aJIO xpajexr 4. HJIH rrO'IeTKOM 5. sexa ca nponoposr repuancxax II

XyHCKHX rtnexreaa aa osaj npocrop. To IIJIyCTpyjy nouenyrn HaJIa3H repuaacxe rpaxapaje.OBOM nepnozry BepOBaTHO npnnana nacerse KOLl, Eanarcxor KapJIOBua "Kanaapnja" me je

y nanyurreny rrOJIY3eMYHlIUY caxpan.ena rroxojaana y nonoxcajy KapaKTepHCTII'IHOM aaspexre Ceo6e napozta (D. Mrkobrad, 1980, T. III/2). )J;alba ncxonaaaa.a ca MoryliHollliy

nopehea,a MaTepHjaJIa ca amne aanaanurra, KaKO ca JIeBe, TaKO II ca necne ofiane )J;yHaBa,

6lIlie carypno OCHOBa aa jour npeuasanje Ll,aTOBaH>e II pasnnajan,e ¢a3a OBe xyrrrype.

Ilonrro aa HaJIa31I1liTlIMa Ll,06a Ceo6e napona HeMa KBaJIlITeTHe rpn-rapaje nosnarey KaCHOaHTII'IKO Ll,06a, H>HXOB HaCTaHaK MO)Ke ce OLl,peLl,IITII y apeste xyncxe IIHBa31Ije. )J;a

JIll je TO 6lIJIO xpajesr 4. HJIH rrO'IeTKOM 5. sexa sa cana ce He MO)Kenoysnaao TBpLl,IITH,3aTO

urro nenocrajy HaJIa3H sa TaKO rrpeUH3HO XpOHOJIOlliKO BpeLl,HOBaH>e. HajMJIa1)a Me1)y OBHM

HaJIa31I1liTlIMa He 61I MOrJIa na ce naryjy xacnnje OLl, npse 'IeTBpTHHe 7. nexa. HaJIa3H H3

Aproca (P.Aupert, 1980, 379, CJI. 16) H OKOJIIIHeMocrapa (I. Cremosnik, 1970, 100, T. 11/1)

naronaa,e JIOHaua yxpaureanx ypeaaaarsesr caonona BOLl,OpaBHHx H ycrtpaaanx JIHHHja H3

Ilazteja ycxrepaaajy xa xpajy 6. H noxerxy 7. sexa (T. XX/13-15). Y HCTO spesre naryjy ce

TaKBII HaJIa3Hl13 CJIOBa'IKe (G. Fusek, 1991, T. VII17, VIII/5; L. Galuska, 1990,572, CJI. 4/1-2).C 063HpOM na nonarax 0 rtopasy Asapa nozt Ilaparpanosr 626. rOLl,IIHe, OBO aacerse, xaoH aacerse y Typajn ca CJIH'IHHM apXeOJIOlliKHM MaTepHjaJIOM, MOrJIH 6H ce Ll,aTOBaTH

aajxacanje Ll,O Tor apexreaa.

60

c. Tpadiynonah Hacersa JII1Ml1raHaTa 11 CJIOBeHa y Banary 11 Eaxxoj

Ilepnon on no-rerxa xyncxe BJIa.naBI1He y TIaHoHl1jl1 rrO'IeTKOM 5. sexa, no pacnazraasapcxor xaranara 626. rozmae Morao 611 ce rro.neJII1TI1 y rpn epa3e. TIpBa epa3a ofiyxsarana611 BJIa.naBI1HY Xyaa 11 nepnon aenocpezmo rrOCJIe IhI1XOBe BJIaCTI1, OKBl1pHO.nO 460. ronnae.TOM nepaozry npnnanajy aacersa y Xoproury 11 Tynaponry, C TI1M WTO HajMJIaija on 'rpnepa3e eBI1.neHTl1paHe y Xoprowy npnnana BepOBaTHO nepnony no xpaja 5. sexa. OBaKBonarosan,e MO)Ke ce 113BeCTI1 aa OCHOBy 3aHaTCKI1 paheae rpnxapaje xoja rrOTI1'Ie ca pHMCKHXO.nHOCHO BH3aHTI1jcKI1x npocropa. OHa je pa3JIH'IHTa y 5. sexy on OHe y 6. sexy, Y Xopromyce jour ysex HaJIa3e yJIOMUI1 nocyrta nponaseneaax y pazmonanaua 4. sexa ca npocropaEanara H Ea'IKe, rrpe n.axoaor crpaztaa,a (T. XII/16-18). Tpaxapnja pouejcxnx pannonauay Xoproury je 'IeCTO HapaHI,IaCTe 60je rrexea,a H 06JIHKa KOjH HaM HHCy rr03HaTH 360rHeI1CTpa)KeHOCTH (T. XII/I-IS). Y HaCeJhHMa ztpyre epa3e, xoja 6H rpajana on apeueaa rrOCJIeXyaa zro .nOJIaCKa Asapa 567. ronane, rpnxapnja poaejcxor nopexna je npyraxaja.YrnaBHOMje CI1Be 6oje, npyra-mjer npecexa ca OWTpHM rrpeJIOMHMa H nosaara je jy)KHO on)::(yHaBa xao H aa npocropy xyrrrype Huoreurra-ftypen-Kaanenrru (S. Dolinescu-Ferche,1986, 133, 142, 144) rne ce npenacxozmo onpeztersyje y 6. BeK. QBOj epa3H rrpnnartao 6HHajMJlaijH CJIoj y Xoproury, xao H o6jeKTH y HaCeJhHMa "Bahan" H "PHTcKa .nOJIHHa" KO.nKOJlyTa 11 "Marapehn MJlHH" KO.n Anarnaa. Ha CBHM OBHM HaCeJhHMa ynanrsaso je Benenpacycrso BH3aHTI1jcKe rpn-rapnje Hero y nperxonaov nepaozty H xacnnje y rpehoj epa3H,O.nHOCHO rrepnorty BJlaCTH Anapa on 567. zto 626. rormae, 113 ofijexra acxortaaor aaHaJIa3HWTY "Marapelur MJII1H" KO.n Anarnaa rrOTH4e aaena paheaa na 6p30M BHTJIy,611KOHH4Hor 06JlHKa (T. XVIII/2) 411je nopexno Hl1je ca BH3aHTHjcKor npocropa. IheHOnopexno Morno 611 ce Tpa)KHTH y nexoj on pazmonaua 113 Meijype4ja cpeznser )::(yHaBa H)::(Iherrpa (Fi. JaHKOBHn, 1998a). To je nepaozt xana cy CJIOBeHH same on CTO ronaaa)l(I1BeJlI1 CJI060.nHO na npocropava Baaara H Ea4Ke. Hexrajyhn crpane rocnonape MOrJIH cyna ycnocraan.ajy I1HTeH3HBHHje onaoce ca cycernnra, 6HJIO na cy OHH 'rproaanxe HJIHnn.a-ncaunce rrpnporte. TaKBo craa.e OCTaBI1JlO je rpara H na xrarepaja'my xyrrrypy. Tpehaepa3a aacrynrseaa je na HaJIa3HlllTY "Bauuseaaxa" KO.n Tlaneja rpnxapajoxr paheao« na6p30M BI1TJlY, xoja ce .nOHeKJIe pasmncyje on OHe y npeaxozmoj epa3H, .no.naBalheM smnenecxa y rrnray H ne-reisesc y MpKHM TOHOBHMa (T. XX/34-39).

OBaKBo ztaroaan,c npare npouene y rpnsapajn pahenoj rrserarsea. HaHMe, JIOHUH6e3 spara H ca KpaTKHM nparora, xao H xpyxore rrJI04e, rrpesra aaanornjaaa caI1CT04HOCJIOBeHCKor npocropa H3pernona )::(lherrpa H )::(lheCTpa (E. O. THMo~YK, 1976, 10,14, 16, 20) naryjy ce zto panor 6. sexa, lllTO onrosapa narosaa.y aacersa y Xopromy,Tyaapoury H "Bahany". Ilpavepe rpaxapaje CJIH4He OHOj y Xoproury HaJIa3HMO H YMahapcxoj y HaCeJhY Baurapoumenea,a, naroaane y 5-6. BeK (1. Erdelyi, E. Szimonova,1987,298-299). 3a rpehy epa3Y cy ocofiean JIOHUH BpJlO zryror ofiona ca javauaaa rro spxy,yxpaca naaeneaor ypesanaa.ea ycnpasnax H aoaopasnax JIHHHja (T. XX/13-15) H3"Bnunseaave" (T. XX/22, 32) H TYPHje (T. XIX/1-3).

Trserana rpa-rapnja H3 "PHTcKe .nOJIHHe" (T. XVII/22-28) noxasyje H3BeCHeCJII14HOCTH ca rpaaapnjoxr 113 nacen.a rima Hnorenrra-Tiypen-Kanneurrn xoja ce naryje y6. BeK (S. Dolinescu-Ferche - M. Constantiniu, 1981,306,310; S. Dolinescu-Ferche, 1979,193, 195,203; 1986, 136, 145). Ilocyne pahene 6e3 ynorpefie BI1TJIa ca .nymM BpaToBHMa Hjaxmuana rro ofiozty H3 nacersa "Baunsesaaa" HMajy onrosapajyhe npmrepe y HaCeJhY)::(yHayjBapolll y Mahapcxoj, xoje je .naTOBaHO y 7. BeK (I. Bona, 1973, T. 8/4,9/3).

61

fnaCHI1K CA,u 15-16 (1999-2000)

,ueo cenena-ucor CTaHOBHI1111TBa je y 6. sexy I1MeHOBaH xao cnOBeHCKI1, y 5. sexy

ycnoano I1XMO)l(eMO Ha3BaTl1 TIPI1CKOBI1M napaapaua aenosnaror jesmca, a y 4. sexy O.Ll,

crpaue PI1MJbaHa 3BaHl1 cy POrrCKI1M CapMaTI1Ma, O.Ll,HOCHO JII1Ml1raHTI1Ma. JII1Ml1raHTI1

cy ceztena-nco CTaHOBHI1111TBO ca nyron rpananajosi raxsor Ha'lI1Ha )l(I1BOTa. Ca

TIPI1CKOBI1M napsapmra, I1 xacnnje CnOBeHI1Ma, nonesyjy I1X onnca nacersa ys BO.Ll,y,

crarma nacersa y Kojl1Ma rpane xyhe, naxo cnanaaceise na BO.Ll,11 I1 xopamherse cnnaaona

I1 MOHOKCl1na. Tlopen HaBe.Ll,eHI1X OC06l1Ha TIPI1CKOBI1 aapaapn ce xpane I1CTI1M

rrp0I13BO.Ll,I1Ma KapaKTepI1CTI1'lHI1M aa Cnoseae y 6. sexy I1 xacnaje (rrpoco, Me.Ll,OBI1Ha).

Apxeonouncn je norspheao na cy nosarmje nacersa ya pl1TOBe I1 pexe I1CTe KO.Ll,

JII1Ml1raHaTa I1 CnOBeHa, na I1 je.Ll,HI1 I1 ztpyrn )l(I1Be y Cnl1'lHI1M YKorraHI1M I1 Ha.Ll,3eMHI1M

CTaHI1111TI1Ma, na ce fiase 3eMJbOpa.Ll,lhOM I1 CTO'lapCTBOM xao OCHOBHOM npaapernrcxnenarnourhy, I1 na I1M je najaua-rajnnja norsonpnaperma xynrypa rrpoco. JII1Ml1raHTI1

nopen Tpa.Ll,I1~110HanHe rpnxapnje xoja ce uspahyje 6e3 ynorpefie BI1Tna, MaCOBHO

rrp0113BO.Ll,e sanarcxy rpnxapajy na 6p30M BI1Tny. OHa ofienexcana crannapn Tor npesreaa,

a pa.Ll,110HI1~e aa n.eny nspany nponahene cy na reparopnja Basara.

Kao I1 na npocropmra TIOJbCKe I1 Yxpajnne, rne Ihneaopcxy I1 Heprsaxoscxyxyrrrypy cMelhyjy Ilpannca I1 Ilea.xoacka xyrrrypa, TaKO I1 aa npocropnaa TIaHOHl1je

.Ll,Ona311 .Ll,O nerpanannje rpauapcxe npoasnona,e. Carta ce aa paanaxy O.Ll, nperxormor

nepaona rpnxapaja CKOpO I1CKJbY'lI1BO npana nserarsea, .Ll,OK cy pa.Ll,110HI1~e sa MacoBHy

npousaona.y rpnxapnje na BI1Tny o-mrnezuro crpanane, Taxo, CKOpO na necraje 3aHaTCKl1

paheua rpn-rapnja, .Ll,OK ocraje Tpa.Ll,I1~110HanHOrpnaapcrso, npexo xora je naxure Moryne

rrpaTI1TI1 nopexno CTaHOBHI1111TBa.

TIO'leTKOM Bennxe Ceo6e aapona nacraje jenan Benl1KI1 XOpl130HT HOBI1X

xynrypa, a raj npouec ce zteurasa I1 na npocropy TIaHOHl1je (xapra 2). Ha nauren

npocropy aa cazta ce raj npouec MO)l(e rrpaTI1TI1 na Hana311111TY y Xoproury, xoje I1Ma Tpl1

¢a3e, CBe .Ll,aTOBaHe y 5. BeK. Ilourro cy Hana311 113 Xoprorua HOBI1Ha aa nanty

apxeonornjy, a KOnl1KO je rro rmreparypn rr03HaTO, I1 y Mahapcxoj I1 Pyuyaaju TaKBI1

Hana311 cy Mano6pojHI1, ry, xpononomxn I1 npocropno jour He.Ll,e¢I1HI1CaHY nojasy,

MO)l(eMO ycnosao Ha3BaTl1 "uanasaaa 'rnna Xoprour". Heurro xacanja Hana311111Ta, 6-7.sexa, onronapajy xosmnexcy Ilpamxe xyrrrype, Taxo ce jour Hel1MeHOBaHa apxeonounca

xyrrrypa I1CTO'lHOrraHOHCKor npocropa O.Ll, 5. .Ll,O 7. sexa MO)l(e nonenarn na 'rpn rpaae. Ynpsoj, .Ll,O pacnana xyncxor nnevencsor caaesa, nocne ATl1nl1He CMpTI1 453. rO.Ll,I1He,

CnOBeHI1 cy )l(I1Benl1 non XyHCKOM anaurhy, a y rpehoj nozt snamhy Asapa O.Ll, lhl1XOBOr

nocersasaa.a 567. rO.Ll,I1He. Y Mel)yrrepl1o.Ll,y CnOBeHI1TIaHOHl1je cy 6l1nl1 Cn060.Ll,HI1. Y CBe

rpn rpase, CnOBeHI1 cy OCHOBHI1 HOCI10~11 YCTaHOBJbeHe MaTepl1janHe xyrrrype. Haxo ce

3Ha zta I'enaznt )l(I1Be y Banary y 5. nexy, nacen.a ca repMaHCKI1M MaTepl1janoM aa cana

HI1CY rtosaara KO.Ll, Hac, a nenana 0 rpofirsnsra cy spno peTKI1 (D. Dimitrijevic, M. Giric,1971, 190-193). Cnnxan crryxaj je ca XyHI1Ma, Kyrparypaua I1 Aaapaua, O.Ll, KOjl1X cy

casco nocnena,n rr03HaTl1 rro rp06Hl1M narraaasra. Ilopen OBa rpn eTHI1'lKa eneaeara,rpetia paxyaarn ca npacycraou pOMaHl130BaHOr CTaHOBHI1111TBa y CBI1M ¢a3aMa.

62

c. Tparpyaonal;

Fpaxapnja ca npHKa3aHHX HaJIa3HIlITa noxasyje CJIHYHOCTH ca rpa-rapajosrHCTOYHHX CJIOBeHa, ca npocropa Pysrynnje H Yxpajnue, aJIH H ca npocropa 3ana,lJ;HHX

CJIOBeHa y TIOJbCKOj. 3a cana ce re yo-rene CJIHYHOCTH He Mory y6e,lJ;JbHBO npoTyMaYHTH.

,lJ,eTaJbHHja ncrpaaomatsa 6H rpetiana na TaYHHje paansoje XpOHOJIOlliKe cnojese H

,lJ;OKa)Ky Moryne rtpecersaaaa,e CTaHOBHHIlITBa, H yxazcy na pernje 113 KOjHX je OHO ,lJ;OIlIJIO.

PeTKa rtpousaona,a nocyrta na cnopoxr H 6p30M BHTJIY, JIOKaJIHa aspana CJIHYHHX

nocyna, xao H CJIHYHOCTH Y zteny rpa-rapnje pahene rrserarsen, rosope 0 H3BeCHOM

creneay KOHTHHyHTeTa, O,lJ;HOCHO 0 CTaHOBHHIlITBY xoje je OI1CTaJIO ys XyHCKy BJIaCT H

HaCTaBHJIO zta )KHBH y Baaary H Eaxxoj. TOMe y npHJIOr roaopa H nesa xoja ce MO)Ke

ycnocrasnra H3Me1)y rroztaraxa xoje naje TIpHCK y 5. aexy, 0 I1POH3BO,lJ;lhH aJIKOXOJIHHX

I1Hna (Me,lJ;OBHHa H KaMoH) H HaJIa3a nocyzta na HaCeJbHMa JIHMHraHaTa y 4. sexy xoje cy

CJIy)KHJIe BepOBaTHO aa npaarsea.e nexor O,lJ; aJIKOXOJIHHX I1Hna.

Ilopen YHlheHHue zta cy 110Jb0l1pHBpeaa H CTOYapCTBO OCHOBHe I1pHBpe,lJ;He rpaneozt KOjHX )KHBe JIHMHraHTH y 4. H CJIOBeHH y 5-6. sexy, rpefia pehn na je H cauacrpyxrypa THX aeJIaTHOCTH BpJlO CJlHYHa. Ilpesra OTHCUHMa spna )KHTapHua naIpHYapHjH, OCHOBHa norsonpnapezma xyrrrypa TOKOM nepaona ozt 4. no 7. sexa, a H

xacnnje.je I1POCO, a aa lhHM cncnn I1IlIeHHua. Crpyxrypa croxapen.a je OCTaJIa 6e3 6HTHHX

npoxrena y 5-6. sexy, xao H y 4. sexy. Tpamnmja ao6Hjalha rBO)K1)a H3 T3B. 6JlaTHHX pynaca JlOKaJIHHX JIe)KHIlITa, aanoxera y 4. sexy HJIH pannje, HaCTaBJbeHa je H y pauoucpenn.ea sexy, IlITO je sna-rajan 110aaTaK 0 KOHTHHyHTeTy npaspezte H CTaHOBHHIlITBa.

Cneuadnrma spcra ByJIKaHCKe cTeHe-TY<Pa, nofiasrsaaa je H y 4. sexy H y 5-6. sexy ca

HCTHX JIe)KHIlITa, xoja cy ce BepOBaTHO HaJIa3HJIa na Kapnaraxa. Ynorpefia TeKCTHJIa y

06JlHKOBalhY nocyna 3a6eJIe)KeHa je y 4. nexy H y 5. H 6. sexy, a YHHH zterars y rpnxapcxojI1pOH3BOalhH, KOjH ofienexcaaa cneUH<pHYHOCT onpehene rpanannje xoja ce onpacaaanaBeKOBHMa.

Kao H Y BeJIHKoj Ceo6H napozta, y jyroHCTOYHOM nerry TIaHoHHje y

KaCHOaHTHYKOM rtofiy 110CTOjH ocofiena apxeorionnca xyrrrypa, ,lJ,a JIH ce Ta xyrrrypaIlIHpHJIa H na ztpyre I1pOCTope TIaHoHcKe HH3Hje H3BaH pHMCKHX rpanaua, TeK rpefiaHCTpa)KHBaTH, C 063HpOM na je zto cazta TyMaYeHa xao capsrarcxa. XpOHOJIOlliKH OKBHpH

're xyrrrype raxohe y OBOM 'rpenyrxy He Mory 6HTH jacno carnenaan, 3aTO IlITO aacersacrapnja on xpaja 3. sexa no cazta HHCy 6HJIa I103HaTa ca I1pOCTopa Ba-nce H Baaara.Onncaua xyrrrypa noxasyje ornnre CJIHYHOCTH ca HCTOBpeMeHOM Iltueaopcxora H

Hepn.axoacxora (xapra 3). Te CJlHYHOCTH ce ornenajy y apxarexrypn, CTpyKTypH H

HaYHHY npaspehnaan,a H HaYHHY I1pOH3BOalhe H nOaeJIH rpaxapaje.

HOCHJlau OBe xyrrrype je cenenaxxo CTaHOBHHIlITBO xoje OYHmeaHO HMa ztyryrpannnnjy 'raxsor HaYHHa )KHBOTa. TaKaB saxrsysax ce MO)Ke H3BeCTH H3 CJIO)KeHOCTH

npaspene KOjOM ce 6aBe, xao H apxarexrype H I1pOMHIlIJbeHe oprarrnaauaje nacersanorsphene y Bapaann H Ilanejy. Ilpeva OI1HCHMa aaTHM KOa AMHjaHa Mapnennaa,3HaMO zra cy PHMJbaHH OBO CTaHOBHHIlITBO Ha3HBaJIH JIHMHraHTHMa, xao H na ce nsalhHXOBa I1JleMeHa nanmajy AMHKeHHMa H TIHKeHHMa (xapra 3a). TIoaaUH 0 MaTepHjaJIHoj

xyrrrypn onroaapajy OHOj CJlOBeHcKoj y l.JeplhaxoBcKoj, Ilrneaopcxoj H KnjencxojKyJlTypH. OI1HC JIHMHraHaTa KOa AMHjaHa Mapnennna I1pOCTO HaBO,lJ;H na saxrsysax naje pex 0 CJlOBeHHMa, C 063HpOM aa ce BpJlO CJIHYHH nO,lJ;aUH 0 CJIOBeHHMa HaJIa3e KO,lJ;

63

rllaCHI1K CA,L( 15-16 (1999-2000) I1cTpa)l(I1Bat.IKI1 panoan 11 pacnpaae

nncaua 6. sexa. JII1Ml1raHTI1 HI1CY KOlhaHI1UI1 xao CapMaTI1, He noce oxnone 0):(

p0)l(HaTOBI1He Ben ce fipane lllTI1TOBI1Ma, Ma'leBI1Ma 11 KOrrJbI1Ma, )l(I1Be y 3eMYHI1uaMa 11

6pBHapaMa, a He na KOllI1Ma, 11 BI1t.IHI1 cy KOpI1111nelhY t.IaMaua 11 nalja, xao 11 nmraaisy.Je3I1K JII1MI1raHaTaje pa311I1t.II1T 0):(je3I1Ka CJI060):(HI1X Capsiara, na nrra yxasyje nonaraxna cy aa nperosope ca lhI1Ma, PI1MJbaHI1Ma norpefina rrpeBO):(I1OUI1. 3a6elle)l(eH je lhI1XOB

rrOHOC 11 xpafipocr y 60p6I1, lllTO I1X raxohe pa311I1Kyje 0):( Capnara. ,L(oHollielhe ounyxe

na Casery crapaua npencrasrsa ):(I1peKTHy Be3Y ca yCTaHoBOM Cxynurrmte xojy

Ilpoxonnje novmse KO):( CJIOBeHa y 6. sexy.

,L(aKlle, nocrojn t.II1TaB HI13 noriaraxa KOjI1 ce upne 113 I1CTOpI1jCKI1X I13BOpa 11

HajHOBI1jI1X apXeOJIOlllKI1X acrpaacnaaa,a, KOjI1 He):(BOCMI1ClleHO paaasajajy cenenasxo,3eMJbOpa):(HI1'lKO CTaHOBHI1111TBO Baaara 11 Baxxe 0):( HOMa):(a xao lllTO cy CapMaTI1. Ha

HaJIa3I1111TY y Ilanejy, 'laK je BpJIO ynanrsaao na nacerse 3eMJbOpa):(HI1Ka nernpa HajBI1111e

50 rO):(I1Ha crapnje capxrarcxo rpofirse. Y TOM CMI1CJIY CapMaTI1 'lI1He nparehn eJIeMeHaT

CTaHOBHI1111TBa KaCHOaHTI1'lKOr ):(06a y I1CTOt.IHOj IIaHoHI1jI1, xao lllTO cy TO 11 TepvannKOjI1 ce 0):( Cnoseaa JIaKO pacnosnajy rro apXeOJIOIliKOM MaTepI1jally (T. X/13-28). Ha

OCHOBy ycnocraarsene apxeonounce sese I13Mel)y HecyMlhI1BO CllOBeHCKI1X Hana3I1111Ta 5-7.sexa ca OHI1M KaCHOaHTI1t.IKI1M, MO)l(e ce pehn ):(a cy 11 JII1MI1raHTI1 6111111 CllOBeHI1.

KATAJIOr

1. Bapauna, "IJ,I1rnaHa"

Halla3I1111Te je aa caMOM ynasy y aacerse, ca jyacne crpane, ya nyr KOjI1 BO):(I1 113

IIaHt.IeBa. To je ofiana pI1TCKOr rrojaca KOjI1 je BO):(OM rryHI10 TaMI1111, t.II1jI1 ce TOK nanasa1-1,5 km sananao 0):( JIOKallI1TeTa. ,L(eo Hana3I1111Ta je ):(aBHO CllY)l(I10 xao rr03ajMI1111Te

3eMJbe aa rpahy xyha. Hapo):(HI1 My3ej 113 Tlan-reaa je 1961. rozraue 06aBI10 Malha

3alllTI1THa acxonaean,a na aanarurosr xpajy 1l0KaJII1TeTa, KOjI1 je 6110 najyrpoaceaaja. Ca

TI1X acxonaaan,a rrOTI1t.Iy 11 zma uena cyzta 6e3 jaCHI1X YCllOBa HaJIa3a, KOjl1 BepOBaTHO

npnnanajy KaCHOaHTI1'lKOM ):(06y (M. 11D. J aHKOBI1n, 1990, 105).

Mysej BojBo):(I1He je 1993. ronnae 06aBI10 apXeOJIOIliKa ncxonaaaa,a na I1CTO'lHOj

CTpaHI1 Halla311111Ta. Yrspheao je ):(a ueo 1l0KaJII1TeT 3aXBaTa nospunmy 0):( rrpl16JII1)1(HO 25xexrapa, ):(a je npaacropnjcxo nacerse OrpaHI1t.IeHO na sananny crpany nnaroa, a zta ce

uacerse 3-4. nexa rrpocrnpe na uerrosr nnaroy. Ilpesra caryaunjn aa repeay 11 ):(06I1jeHI1M

aanaaaxra sepoaarno nocrojn I13BeCHa oprannaannja aacersa, TaKO lllTO je rnaBHI1

cTaM6eHI1 neo ca Ha):(3eMHI1M xyhaaa KOHUeHTpl1CaH na Malhl1 npocrop 0):( 100x50 m, a

MO)l():(a 11 orpahen, ):(OK je ocrana nospunma cnyaoina aa noxrohae 11 eKOHOMCKe 06jeKTe.

0):( Ha):(3eMHI1X ofijexara ncrpaacena je jezraa xyha y uellOCTI1 (06jeKaT 1, en. 1) 11 nse):(ellI1MI1t.IHO (06jeKTI1 2 11 3) - nnaa 1. CBe TpI1 xyhe cy CKOpO I1CTe opajenraunje, xoja

nparn ofiany. Kyha 1 je ):(I1MeH311ja 5x4 m, a ncrpaaceae crpaaaue xyhe 2 OKO 10m, 11 xyhe3 OKO 5,5 m. IIo):(oBI1 xyha cy ce Halla3I1JII1 na 0,40 m peJIaTI1BHe ):(y6l1He 11 6111111 cy

3eMJbaHI1. Y Kynl1 2 I1CTpa)l(eHI1 cy OCTaUI1 zma BaTpl1111Ta I1JII1 rnra 3eMJbaHI1X neha,npe-nnuca OKO 1 m. Beha KOJII1t.II1Ha I13rOpeJIOr nena rrOTI1t.Ie seposarno 0):( 'rasanane C

063I1pOM na cy 311):(OBI1 xyha 6111111 BepOBaTHO 0):( fianaana 111111 nacaxa. To rrp01131111a311113

t.II1lheHl1ue na HI1CY yo-rene jasre aa cTy60Be. O):(HOCHO, 311):(OBI1 HI1CY 6111111 0):( nrrerepa.

64

c. Tpntpynoanl; Hacersa JIHMHraHaTa 11 CJIOBeHa y Baaary 11 Baxxoj

Cn. 1 - Eapanqa "Lluznana", otijesau: 1, uaqseuna «yhaFig. 1 - Baranda "Ciglana", object 1, house constructed above the ground

CBe xyhe cy 113rOpeJIe y rtozcapy TaKO rra ce I1HBeHTap sanpzcao na norry. MeljYTI1M

nyroronaunse opan.e 11 OKOJIHOCT .na cy nonoan ofijexara BpJIO nJII1TKO, ytIl1HI1JII1 cy na

cy HaJIa3H y BeJII1Koj MepH H3JIOMJbeHI1 11 pa3BytIeHI1. Ha nOAY xyhe 1 nponahen je

6p0H3aHH HOBau. KOHCTaHTHHa I, a on OCTaJIl1X npezmera aajxeurha cy yJIOMU.11 nocyzia,

paheunx nserarsea, na cnopoxr H na 6p30M BI1TJIY (T. I-II), :>KI1BOTI1IbCKe KOCTI1, xao H

y06HtIajeHH H360p aJIaTKH - .neJIOBI1 )KpBIbeBa, fipycean, mana, npurrseauu, HO)KeBI1 (T. III).Ilponahea je 11 jenan KOMa.n rnoanene srype. Y Kynl1 3 nponahean cy yJIOMU.11 jenne

pHMCKe aMcPope 11 nne nocyzte He0611tIHOr 113rJIe.na H caCBHM nocefiae naueae (T. 11/15).Ilocyne cy 06JIHKa xpxara, aJIH je je.nI1HI1 Kpy)KHH OTBOp na Cpe.nI1HH rpfiyxa, ca crpane.

Ha OTBopHMa cy BI1.nJbHBH TparOBH HaCTaBKa KOjl1 nenocraje (ues on oprancxe

MaTepHje?). Opaise OKOJIHHX napuena OTKpHBa BeJIHKe noapunme nenersacre 3eMJbe 11

nena, lllTO jacno yxaayje na nocrojarse CJIl1tIHI1X ofijexara. 3ana.nHo on OBe nospunnre

ncrpaacen je neo ztyfioxor posa, urapnae 1 m, KOjl1 je BepOBaTHO 6110 TeMeJb aa ztpseay

orpany OKO onor ztcna aacersa. 3a cana unje jacno na JIH je orpana MOrJIa HMaTH H

oA6paM6eHy yrrory.

3anaAHo ort nojaeayror posa, np06HHM COH.naMa HCTpa)KeH je neo nOJIy3eMyHI1u.e

ca 'rpanoxr, jeztan nco H neo npyror rpana. I10JIy3eMyHI1u.aje I1MaJIa caxyaaay crpannny

y AY)KHHH on 3,5 m, a TpanOBH cy 611JII1 U.I1JII1H.nPl1tIHH npexaaxa ort 1,5 no 2 m 11 .ny6HHe

yxonasaisa H AO 2,5 MeTpa. I10KpeTHH apXeOJIOlilKH HaJIa3H y OBHM yxonaua cy

Ma_'l06pojHH 11 H.neHTHtIHI1 ca OHHMa113 HameMHHX oojexara.

65

fJlaCHl1K CAtI, 15-16 (1999-2000)

2. AJl116yHap, "Mane JIl1Ba):(e"

JIoKaJIl1TeT ce HaJla311 CeBepOl1CTOqHO 0):( nacersa na OKO 300-400 m 0):( rrocrreznsnxxyha. CMeUlTeH je aa jennoj 0):( rpena xoje ce rrpyzcajy y "BemIKoM Pl1TY" na Ha):(MopcKoj

Bl1Cl1Hl1 0):( OKO 80 m. Ilpeva 1l0BPIlIl1HCKl1M HaJIa311Ma nacerse 3-4. sexa ce npocrnpe ):(y:>K

rpene 6ap 500 ):(0 600 m, ):(OK je ztpyra ):(l1MeH311ja orpanaxena na IlIl1pl1HY rpezte 0):( 100­

200 m. HaJIa311IlITe Hl1je apXeOJIOIlIKl1 l1CKOllaBaHO, aJIl1 je ):(eJll1MI1lIHO ourrehenonpoxonaaarsexr xanana aa IlJll1HOB0):(. Ilonpeerenaa 0611JlaCKOM repena 0):( crpaneayropa, yrnpheno je zta je aeposarao pex 0 HaCeJbY CJll1qHOr Tl1rra OHOM y Bapannn.Haasre, aa orpannxenoj rrOBpIlIl1Hl1 0):( OKO 1OOx 100 m HaJIa3e ce jacno Bl1):(Jbl1Be

nospunnte BeJll1Ql1He xyha, xoje ce yo-ranajy BenoM KOHueHTpaUl1joM nena 11 rpn-rapnje,xao 11 cnernajov-rrenersacrosr 3eMJbOM.

Ca JlOKaJIl1TeTa cy npnxynrseaa yJIOMUl1 KaCHOaHTl1QKl1X nocyzta (T. IV) 11 zma

nena xasrena »cpnrsa. Jezran YJlOMaK nocyzte rrpnnana nocyznr nocefine HaMeHe (T. IV/4),

l1CTOr 'rnna xao 11 OHe ncxonaae y Bapannn (T. 11/15) 11 nponahene y naHaTCKOM

KapJlOBUY (T. V).

3. naHaTCKl1 Kapnonau, "Llnrnaaa - Crapn l1CKOrr"

CTapl1M l1CKOrrOM unrnaae "Jyr06aHaT" KOjl1 je ynorpefin.aaau ):(0 70-l1x remotaosor sexa aaxsahen je apXeOJlOIlIKl1 JlOKaJIl1TeT KOjl1 ce HaJla311 ca nese crpane rryraEeorpan-Bpurau, na 113JIacKy 113 Eanarcxor Kapnosna. HaJla311 ca osor JlOKaJll1TeTa KOjl1

cy caxynrseaa 1l0BpeMeHl1M 0611JlaCKOM repena 0):( crpane apxeonora Hapoznror My3eja y

BpIlIUY, xyaajy ce yrnaanou y TOM My3ejy. Ilonozcaj JlOKaJIl1TeTa je na Bl1COKOj 06aJll1

rrpexra BeJll1KOM pirry, na OKO 90 m Ha):(MopcKe Bl1Cl1He. HaJla311 yrJlaBHOM yrtyhyjy nanocrojan.e HeKpOIlOJle, l1aKO l1Ma 11 OHl1X KOjl1 ce Mory Be3aTl1 aa nacerse. Y MysejyBojaozmae -rysa ce jeznra nocyzra ca osor HaJla311IlITa, xojy je Ilp116aB110 Hl1KOJla

Hl1KOJll1H 1942. rozumc. Ilocyria Tl1rrOJlOIlIKl1 CaCBl1M onrosapa nocynava ca Kpy:>KHl1M

OTBOpOM aa .rpfiyxy, l1CKOrraHl1M na HaCeJbY y Eapannn, caxro je 3HaTHO Malba 11 MO:>Ke ce

):(aTOBaTl1 y nepnozt 3-4. nexa (T. V).

4. naHaTCKl1 Kapnosau, "Kanaapnja"

QBO apXeOJIOlliKO HaJIa311IlITe cxreurreno je OKO 400 m cesepao 0):( :>KeJle3Hl1QKe

cranarre y Eaaarcxcsr KapJlOBUY. JIoKaJll1TeT l1Ma cnojese 0):( eaeornrra ):(0 1l03HOr

cpernser sexa 11 npocrnpe ce na Bl1COKOj necnoj 'repaca 113Ha):( BpIlIaQKOr pirra narrOBpIlIl1Hl1 0):( HeKOJll1KO xexrapa (C. Tpndrynoanh 1990, 213-220). Ha BeJIl1KOM nenyHaJla311IlITe je YHl1IlITeHO HOBl1M l1CKOrrOM nnrnaae "Jyr06aHaT". 113BecTaH 6poj

apXeOJlOIlIKl1X rrpeznrcra ca onor JlOKaJll1TeTa -rysa Haponnn My3ej y BpIlIUY. Y OKBl1PY

noapesieaax 0611Jla3aKa JlOKaJll1TeTa l1CTpa:>K110 caM zreo jeruror yxorta, 1l0JlY3eMYHl1ue ca

rpaxapujoxr 4. sexa. Ilpsa apxeorrounca ncxonanaisa 3aIlITl1THOr xapatcrepa 06aB110 je

3aBo):( sa 3aIlITl1TY CrrOMeHl1Ka xyrrrype 113 Ilaasesa, 1996. rozmae (M. Bpvfiomrh, B.Maaojnonuh-Hnxorrah 1998, 127-135).

OQYBaHl1 zreo l1CTpa:>KeHOr yxona 6110 je ):(l1MeH311ja 4x 1 m TaKO zra ce MO:>Ke

npcrnocraarrra ):(a ce paztn 0 1l0JlY3eMYHl1Ul1 ):(l1MeH3l1ja 4x3 ):(0 4x4 m. Yxorr je 6110

ncrryrsea TaMHO MpKOM 3eMJbOM ca YJlOMUl1Ma nocyzia paheanx aa cnopoxr 116p30M Bl1TJlY

(T. VI), 11 BpJlO MaJlO :>Kl1BOTl1lbCKl1X KOCTl1jy. I13Ha):( ztaa yxona YOQaBaO ce aeurro

66

c. Tpntpynonah

Cn. 2 - Ilaqej "Lluznana", nonuu na quy tupouaFig. 2 - Pade} "Ciglana", pots at the bottom ofthe pit

.npyra'-IHjH CJIoj .ne6JbHHe OKO 30 em. Y caxioj nOJIy3eMyHHUH npoaahea je CKeJIeT crapnje

)l(eHe nOJIO)l(eH na neha ca caBHjeHHM noraxa, y KOJIeHHMa, 060peHHM na necny crpany,Pyxe cy BepOBaTHO 6HJIe cannjene y JIaKTOBHMa, aJIH non Te)l(HHOM 3eMJbe 060peHe JIeBO

11 .neCHO o.n Tpyna. Yxon aa rpof ce na npecexy unje npaaehasao, TaKO .na ce CTHqe

yrncax zra je noxojamia 6HJIa yfiauena y jasry on nOJIy3eMyHHue xoja je Ben 6HJIa

sanyurrena H .neJIHMHqHO aarpnaaa.

5. ITa.nej, "U,HrJIaHa"

J10KaJIHTeT ce HaJIa3H HCTOqHO on cena, aa nyry npexra KHKI1H.nH. CMellITeH je nacesepaoj crpann eJIHnCOH.nHe rpene xoja HOCH TonOHHM "Caeha neha". Tpena je .nY)l(HHe

OKO 6 km H y onnocy na OKOJIHH pHTCKH 'repea nexana je qHHHJIa OCTpBO xoje ce H3.nH3aJIO

3-4 m H3Ha.n HHBoa nozta, zto Ha.nMopCKe BHCHHe on 80 no 81 m. On nOCJIe II CBeTCKor parana JIOKaJIHTeTy paztn UHrJIaHa. J10KaJIHTeT qHHH nacerse Baneacxe xyrrrype H eHeOJIHTCKa

xyxnca xoje je 1978-1980. rozmae HCTpa)l(HBaO Mysej y KHKHH.nH (M. Giric, 1987, 72, 76),

xao H KaCHOaHTHqKO nacerse H HeKpOnOJIa. U,eHTpaJIHH ztco KaCHOaHTHqKOr nacersa H

HeKpOnOJIe, nonpumne 3,5 xexrapa, YHHllITeH je .nyroro.nHllIfhHM panoxi UHrJIaHe.

Ilpahen.e panosa na OBOj UHrJIaHH H HHTepBeHTHa 3allITHTHa apxeonourxa acxonasaa.arrpenysena je exnna Myseja Bojaonnne 1994. rormae. )];0 cana, y TpH naspara HCTpa)l(eHH

cy OCTaUH ozt 27 cTaM6eHHx H eKOHOMCKHX yxonannx ofijexara H 5 CKeJIeTHHX rp060Ba.

HeKH yKonH 06HJIOBaJIH cy

H3JIOMJbeHHM apXeOJIOllIKI1M HaJIa3HMa

(T.VII-X) .nOK cy zrpyra 6HJIH CKOpO

npaann. Ha znry HeKHX yxona npoaahenecy uene nocyne (cJI.2) HJIH TparOBH

noxcapa. ITo crparnrpatpcxou ormocynacen.e je MJIalje ort rpofirsa, xoje ce no

HaJIa3Y HOBua KOHcTaHUHja II ztaryje nonpyre nOJIOBHHe 4. sexa. Y TOM rrepnonyon HeKOJIHKO nenennja rpajan,a aacersa,cynehn no aanaacaa.axra 0 xapaxrepyncrtyne caMHX ofijexara, y HaCeJbY 6H ce

MOrJIH H3.nBOjHTH crapnjn H MJIaljH

06jeKTH, ca MaJIOM XpOHOJIOlliKOM

pa3JIHKOM xoja na rpaxapaja sa carrannje BH.LJ:]bHBa. CTapHjH 06jeKTl1 cy OHH acnyrsean OTna.nOM y spene .nOK ce y HaCeJbY

Ml1pHO )l(HBeJIO y neurro MJIaljHM 06jeKTHMa, a MJIaljH 6H 6HJIH OHH ca TparOBHMa ropea.aH ueJII1M nocynana H3 npexreaa 6p30r nanyurran.a H crpanarsa aacersa. Ilopen BpJIO

6pOjHHX yJIOMaKa )l(HBOTl1fhCKI1X KOCTHjy, irajfipojunju apXeOJIOlliKH HaJIa3H cy yJIOMUH

rpnuapnje. Y caMOM HaCeJbY cy rtpasrsene nocyne rn.eratse«, .nOK cy nocyne pahene nacnopoxi 11 6p30M BHTJIy pahene y nexoj on paztaoanua y Eaaary HJIH Baxxoj. Ilocefinyrpyny rpa-rapaje ql1He YBe3eHe pHMCKe nocyne, xoje cy y OBOM HaCeJbY npHJIHqHO perxe(T. VII/1-6). ITpeOCTaJIe npenjaere qHHe uene HJIH nOJIOMJbeHe aJIaTKe. On xaxrena cy

npaan.enn )l(pBfheBH H fipycesu a nponahen je H jenan KaMeHH npmrseaax. )KpBfheBH cy

npaan.enn o.n TaMHOCHBor Ty¢a a 6pyceBl1 on rrernxapa H xpe-nsaxa, Je.nHHH KOllITaHH

67

I'nacnnx CA..D: 15-16 (1999-2000) I1cTpa:>KIIBallKIi paAOBIi II pacnpase

npeznrer je KJIlI3aJhKa nanpaan.eaa OA KOCTII rosexera (T. IX/1). fnlIHeHII npurrsemta cyapno perxa nojana (T. IXJ2), WTO je llYAHO C063lIpOM na BeJIIIKII npouenar KOCTlIjy oaaua,OA MeTaJIHIIX npeznrera rrponaheao je rB03AeHO CBPAJIO II rB03AeHlI HO:>K (T. IXJ4-5).

ApXeOJIOWKe nanase xnae II KOMaAIi xaxreaa pasna-nrmx spcra, xao II jenanKOMaA rB03AeHe srype. Heofinaxonana KaMeH Morao je cnY:>KIITIi aa npaarseu,e orrsnurra,xao 'rer, nrm xao caposnaa xoja ce nonasana y rJIIiHY npannsou npann.ea,a nocyna.fB03AeHa arypa CBeAOlllI 0 sreranyprnja rsoacha.

Ctuauiieuu U eKOlLOMCKU o6jeKUiu

OCTaTKe xyha lllIHe 06jeKTlI 1, 6 II 16. 360r MaJlOr npouenra OllYBaHOCTIi KOA 06jeKTa16 Hlije Moryne HIIWTa anute pehn Hero na je 61I0 3eMYHlIlIKor 'rnna, AOK cy sa 06jeKTe 1 II 6nosaare AlIMeH3lIje OA npafimoxao 3x3 ill, II na cy 6lIJIli 3eMYHlIlIKor (06jeKaT 1) IInorryaexryaa-ncor (06jeKaT 6) 'rnna. 06jeKaT 6 je IIcrrOA npseaor nona IIMao rrOAPYMCKIinpocrop KpywKOJIIiKOr 06n1IKa, II Tparr lJ,IIJIIiHAplIlIHor 06nlIKa KOMe ce npunaanno Kp03OTBOp aa cesepnoxr 3lIAY yxona. HIiBO nona OBe xyhe HaJla3IIO ce na 1,50 ill perra'rnaaeAy61IHe, AOK je nonpyv 61I0 yxonan jour 0,80 ill. ..D:HO yxona 06jeKTa 1 nanaanrro ce na OKO2 ill Ay61IHe.

Ocrana 24 06jeKTa lllIHe OCTalJ,1I rpanona KOjlI ce uajseurhe cpehy y 6allBacToMIInli KpyWKOJIIiKOM 06n1IKY, lIaKO I1Ma II lJ,lInIiHAplIlIHIIX. Haj-remhe cy yxonanann OA 2AO 2,5 ill Ay61IHe, lIaKO liMa II OHIiX KOjlI cy yxonaan caxto AO 1,2 ill. IlpellHIIlJ,1I aaaajumpera zteny ce xpehy OA 1,5 AO 2 MeTpa. C 063lIpOM aa AIIMeH3IIje, najaeposaruaje cycnyacnna aa -rynan,e xpane, rrpe csera :>KIITa.

rp0606U

Ha ceaepaosr nporpuny unrnane IICTpa:>KeH je neo jenaor rpofia a na jy:>KHOMnporpany YAaJheHOM OA ceaepnor OKO 160 ill OCTalJ,1I OA jour srernpa rpofia, IlOKOjHIIlJ,1Icy caxpaa.naaaa y npasoyraone paxe 6e3 nocefinnx xoncrpyicuaja, rrOnO:>KeHII na neha capyxasra onpyxemn« Y3 reno, C 063lIpOM na cy paxe 3HaTHO Bene Hero WTO je BIiCIiHa IIumpnaa noxojnmca, MO:>Ke ce 3aKJhYlllITli na cy rroKojHIIlJ,1I rrpe caxpane nonaraan ynpnene cannyxe, Tpofiosn 2 II 5 cy nn.a-ncana a y paun rpofia 5 cavysaao je cseraaexonaxo KOCTlIjy cxenera. Hpexra ofianrr.enoj anrpononouncoj aHaJllI31I Morno 61I cepenIt na ce aajaeposarnaje pann 0 capMaTCKOM CTaHOBHlIwTBy. AHTpOrrOJIOwKy aaanmy

06aBli0 je nporp. AP )l{IIBKO MIIKlIn ca <I>IIJI030¢CKor rpaxynrera y Beorpany.7

6. Xoprour, "CTy6 76"

OBO apxeortounco HaJIa3lIWTe CMeWTeHO je cesepoaananao OA Xoprorna OKO 1 killOA jyrocnoaencxo-uahapcxe rpaanue. Hana31I ce na rpeztn, xoja je HeKaA 6lIna OCTpBlJ,e yPIITCKOM rrojacy, KOjlI cy lllIHlIne BOAe noaesane ca 06nlI:>KlhlIM "IlTlIlljlIM jesepoa" naMaljapcKoj CTpaHIi rpaanue. HIiBO BOAe y TOM rrojacy aaancno je BepOBaTHO OA nanoarrOA3eMHlIX BOAa rroaesaaux ca TOKOM Tnce, xoja je yrtarsena nexonnxo KlinOMeTapa.IlOBpWIIHa cpcznsoaexonaor nacersa je OKO 1 xexrap, arm cy nocnemsa zteran.auja

7 3aKJby'laK 0 allTpOrrOJIOIIIKOM rnny rrracn: "CKCJICTH rrpnnanajy rpyrm MC30KpaHHX nofiarsa ca PCJbCcPHIIM

II IIIHPOKIIM JIIII.\CM. no CBOM aHTpOrrOJIOIIIKOM rnrry HajBHlIIc yxasyjy na JbY~C CCBCPHOI~PIIOMopCKor II

rrpaxanxacxor npocropa",

68

c. Tpl1¢YHoBl1n

CJI. 3 - Xopzoiu "Cuiyti 76", otijekasu 3, uonyseuyuuuaFig. 3 - Ilorgos "Stub 76", object 3, semi dugout

pexornocunpau.a rroxasarra na ce JIOKaJIl1TeT MO)l{)];a npocrnpe 11 rtarse na 06JIl1)Klha

cmmaa cysa MeCTa. Ha)];MOpCKa Bl1Cl1Ha HaJIa311111Ta je OKO 85 m.

JIoKaJIl1TeT je OTKpl1BeH rrpl1JIl1KOM 3alllTl1THl1X panosa 360r ycnocrasrsarsaeJIeKTpO)];aJIeKOBO)];a Cyfioraua-npxcanna rpannua 1988. roznme. Tepencxaaacrpaacnaan.mca pyKOBO)];110 ie BJIa)];l1Ml1p JIeKOBl1n 113 3aBO)];a aa aanrnrry CrrOMeHl1Ka

xyrrrype BOjBO)];l1He, HOBl1 Can. Ha MecTy )];aJIeKOBO)];HOr cryfia, rana je acrpazceaa

nospumna 0)]; OKO 200 m2.

)J,aJba acrpaacnnan,a, xoja je npeysena eioma Myseja BojBO)];l1He, spurena cy 0)];

1994. )];0 1996. rortnne xao Cl1CTeMaTCKa samrarna apxeorrounca ncxonasan,a, C 06311pOM

na je JIOKaJIl1TeT BpJIO yrpozcen )];aJbOM 06pa)];OM 3eMJbl1111Ta. Hcxonasaa,a cy )];0 cana

06aBJbeHa aa yxynaoj noapumaa 0)]; OKO 2.000 m2. )J,e6Jbl1Ha xyrrrypnor cnoja naJIOKaJIl1TeTY ce xpehe 0)]; 0,5 )];0 1 m. Y OKBl1PY Tor cnoja 113)];BojeHe cy 'rpn rpaheanacxecPa3e, xoje npare 11 onrosapajyhn apxeonounor CJIojeBl1. Bpe)];HOCTOBaKBe crparnrparpcxecrrryaunje 3HaTHO je ysran.ena ql1lheHl1U;OM)];a cy na BeJIl1KOM zreny JIOKaJIl1TeTa nocrojannanuorpanu. TIPl1JIl1KOM paronosaa,a 3eMJbl1111Ta 'razta cy CJIojeBl1 yMHoroMe nopeuehena,xax )];0 )];y611He 0,70 m.

Otijexiuu 1-9 u 15

Hcrpaaceun 06jeKTl1 611JIl1 cy rpahena 0)]; npsera, a H113 CTaHl1111Ta 6110 je yxonany 3eMJbY. Hcrpaacean zreo nacersa noxasyje na je rycrnna ofijexara 3HaTHa, xao n na cy

06jeKTl1 pacnopehenn rro ortpehenoa nnany (nnan 2). 06jeKTl1 cy Opl1jeHTl1CaHl1 rro

crpauaua CBeTa. Kyha je )];0 cazta ncrpazceao zteaer (06jeKTl1 1-9), )];OK sa 06jeKaT 15unje jacno na JIl1 je CJIy)l{110 xao xyha l1JIl1 je l1MaO nexy npyry nasreay. Behnaa xyha,OCl1M ofijexara 6 11 15, rpahena je

)];eJIl1Ml1qHl1M yxonaaaisesr y 3eMJbY 11

)];pBeHOM aanorpazuson rrpeOCTaJIHOr

ztena 06jeKTa. )J,l1MeH311je yxona aa xyhecy 0)]; 2x1 ,80 )];0 3x4 m, a znra yxona cy

611JIa aa )];y611Hl1 0)]; 0,80 )];0 1,30 m 0)];

caapenene noapuraae TJIa. TIO)];OBl1 cy y

HeKl1M 06jeKTl1Ma neponarno 611JIl1

3eMJbaHl1, )];OK cy y npyrm« jacnoYOQeHl1 OTl1CU;l1 npaenor rrozta.

HameMHl1 06jeKTl1 cy neponarnorpaheun 0)]; 6aJIBaHa 11 )];aCaKa. TIo

KOJII1Ql1Hl1, 113rJIe)];y 11 pacnopeny nena06jeKTa 6, aaxrsy-ryje ce na je TaBaH

BepOBaTHO 6110 npesraaaa 6JIaTOM.

OBaKBl1 06jeKTl1, KOjl1 Hl1CY l1MaJIl1 yxonann resaers, BpJIO ce reunco yoxaaajy, TaKO naje Moryne npernocrasnrn a.nxoa seha 6poj Hero lllTO je YOQeHO. Hanaesnnr 06jeKaT 15I1Mao je jane aa cTy60Be 11 pOBOBe sa 'rexten,e 311)];OBa. CaMO y HeKl1M 06jeKTl1Ma

OTKpl1BeHa cy BaTpl1111Ta. To cy 06jeKTl1 3 (CJI. 3) 11 8, KO)]; KOjl1X cy ce BaTpl1111Ta OBaJIHe

OCHOBe HaJIa311JIa y yrrry. Y 06jeKTy 1 nponahenn cy OCTaU;l1 BaTpl1111Ta na cpeztaaa

311)];a CTaHl1111Ta.

69

rJIaCHI1K CA~ 15-16 (1999-2000) IIcTpa)KI1BatIKI1 pa,lJ.OBI1 11 pacnpase

Cn. 4 - XOjJZOUl "Ciliy6 76", qeo OC/-I06C o6jcKilia 10 u 16Fig. 4 - Jjorgo'v "Stub 76", objects 10 and 16

Hajcrapnja 0,lJ. YKorraHI1X ofijexara je aeposamo 06jeKaT 7. rJIaBHy ¢a3Y,

cpe,lJ.J1111lhY, na JIOKaJII1TeTY npezrcranrsajy 06jeKTl1 1-4, 9, ,lJ.OK je najsrnaba ¢a3a

npencraarseaa 06jeKTl1Ma 5 11 6. 06jeKaT 15 je neponarno nocrojao y cpernsoj ¢a311.

06jeIGlT 8 npunana npyroj I1JII1 'rpehoj ¢a311. CBe Tpl1 ¢a3e Mory ce ,lJ.aTOBaTI1 npeva

rpnsapaja y 5. BeK.

Objetcau; 10 u upoctao» OKO u.eea (CJI. 4)

OCHOBy 06jeKTa 10 tIl1HI1 xpyr rtpe-nrnxa 9 ill 11 TpOt.IeTBpTI1HCKI1 neo xpyra

npe-unuca 7 ill, KOjl1 ce HaJIa311 ca I1CTOt.IHe crpane oaor npsor. O,lJ. 06jeKTa je caxysaa

TeMeJbHI1 pOB 1I1l1pl1He 0,50 ill Y KOjl1 cy ycnpasno rrOCTaBJbaHI1 6aJIBaHI1. ~HO TeMeJbHOr

pona ce l-raJIa311 aa OKO 1 ill ,lJ.y6l1He 0,lJ. caspesieae nospunme TJIa. IIpI16JII1)KHO aacnpasi

YJIa3a y I1CTOt.IHy npocropnjy I1CKOrraHa je jaua sa ,lJ.pBeHI1 cryf KOjl1 je y npecexy 6110

npaaoyraon, ,lJ.I1MeH311ja lxO,30 ill.

IIpl1JII1KOM ncxonaaaa,a, rrpe Hero lllTO

je yo-rea TeMeJbHI1 pOB, sarraxeae cy ,lJ.Be

xpyzore nonpunnre TaMHO xrpxe 3eMJbe.

MO)Ke ce rrpeTrrOCTaBI1TI1 na CJIoj TaMHO

MpKe 3eMJbe, rrOTI1t.Ie 0,lJ. pyurea.a ztpaene

KOHCTpYK~l1je. Ca ceaepne 11 I1CTOt.IHe

crpaae 06jeKTa 10 ,lJ.0 cazra je I1CKOrraHO

neser BaTpl1111Ta. CBa BaTpl1111Ta OCI1M

jenaor, ourrehenor paronoaaa.exrBI1HOrpa,lJ.a, I1MaJIa cy xsanparny,

O,lJ.HOCHO rrpaBoyraoHy OCHOBy,

CTpaHI1~a 0,lJ. 0,70 ,lJ.0 1 ill. OCI1M nenena

11 rapexn, y HeKI1Ma cy nponahenn,lJ.eJIOBI1 KyXl1lhCKOr nocyha-noaaua,TOrrKI1 11 sputanxa.

MO)Ke ce rrpeTrrOCTaBI1TI1 na je

OBa rpaljeBI1Ha 6I1JIa KyJITHOr

xapaxrepa, O,lJ.HOCHO CBeTI1JII1111Te. To

rrp0l13l1JIa311 113 n.eaor cpennunser

nonozcaja y HaCeJbY, ocofiene OCHOBe

xoja je paannxyje 0,lJ. CBI1X OCTaJII1X

ofijexara, BeJII1KI1X ,lJ.I1MeH3I1ja,

opajenraunje xa I1CTOKy. Teuen,npaenor cryfia y I1CTOt.IHOj npocropnja

tIl1Hl10 je neponarno CYlllTI1HY onor

06jeKTa, l1aKO MO)KeMO caxro na narahauo u.erony HaMeHy. Morao je 6l1Tl1 rrOCTOJbe

OJITapa, aJII1 11 ,lJ.Olhl1 zreo crarye 60)KaHCTBa. BaTpl1111Ta cy ynanrsnao KOH~eHTpI1CaHa

OKO 06jeKTa 10, a HeMa I1X y 6JIl13l1Hl1 xyha, lllTO HaBO,lJ.11 na rrOMI1CaO ,lJ.a cy 6l1JIa

CYlllTI1HCKI1 noaeaana ca CBeTI1JII1111TeM. Ha lhl1MajecTe npnnpeuaaa xpana, ann je raj tIl1H

nopezt npaxrn-nre naxreae xrorao I1MaTI1 11 HeKI1 06pe,lJ.HI1 CMI1Cao.

70

c. TPI1<PYHOBl1n Hacersa JII1Ml1raHaTa I1 CJIOBeHay Baaary I1 Baxxoj

Objextuu 11-14

06jeKTl1 11 )],0 14 rpahenn cy aa I1CTI1 Hal.Il1H, I1CTe cy )],e6JhI1He 311)],OBa I1 no

nonozcajy y HaCeJhY I1 Mel)yc06Hoj nOBe3aHOCTI1, MO:>Ke ce pehn na npencranrsajy

jeJJ,I1HCTBeH apXI1TeKTOHCKI1 KOMnJIeKC. Osaj KOMnJIeKC Ha jyrosanartaoj CTpaHI1 nacersa

JJ,O cazia je I1CTpa)KeH aa nOBpWI1HI1 0)], OKO 500 m-'. 311)],OBI1 OBI1X ofijexara rpahean cy

n06HjalheM 6aJIBaHa y JJ,Ba napanenna pena, 113Mel)y KOjl1Xje aacnnana 3eMJha. EaJIBaHI1

cy npeTXOJJ,HO 6HJIl1 06pal)eHI1 TaKO na cy -reraopoyraoaor npecexa, umpane 40 )],0 60 em.

4HHHJIH cy 311)], )],e6JhHHe OKO 1,50 m. Ynyrpaum.e )],I1MeH311je 06jeKTa 11 cy npI16JII1)KHO

5x4 m )],OK cy )],HMeH311je oojexara 12 I1 13 OKO 7x5 m. MO)Ke ce npeTnOCTaBI1TI1, 360r

BeJII1Ke )],e6JhI1He 311)],OBa, na cy srpane I1MaJIe cnpar. 06jeKaT 11 Morao je I1MaTI1 I1 BI1We

cnparoaa C 063l1pOM na MaJII1 npocrop KOjl1 yoxnnpyjy )],e6eJII1 311)],OBI1. I1PI1JII1KOM

ncxonanaa,a ofijexara 12 )],0 14, YOqeHO je zta apXeOJIOWKI1 CJIoj KOjl1 rrpnnana OBI1M

srpanaua I1Ma CBeTJIO CI1BY 60jy. C 063l1pOM na 3)],paBI1UY na OBOM HaJIa3l1WTY 'II1HI1

qHCTO 6eJIa rJII1Ha, ql1HI1 ce BepOBaTHI1M JJ,a cy 311)],OBI1 OBI1X rpahesnaa I1CnYlhaBaHI1 I1

npexraaaeana TOM rJII1HOM, TaKO )],a cy <paca)],e MOpaJIe 6l1Tl1 6eJIe. Pyureiseu OBI1X

rpaheanna nacrao je CBeTJIO CI1BI1 apXeOJIOWKI1 CJIoj.

Y3 06jeKaT 12 I1 14 6l1JIe cy OTKpl1BeHe zrse jaxre npasoyraoae OCHOBe, )],I1Me3l1ja

1,40x 1 I1 1,80x 1,40 m. JaMe cy 6l1JIe yxonane y CJIoj 6eJIe rJIl1He, )],0 )],y6l1He 0)], 1,50 m.

I1PI1JII1KOM acxonaaan.a y lhl1Ma je 1136l1JIa nona.

LIHHI1 ce BepOBaTHI1M na cy 06jeKTl1 12 I1 13 6l1JIl1 CTaM6eHI1, a seposarno I1

06jeKaT 14, lmje I1CKOnaBaIhe naje )],OBpweHO. BeJIl1ql1Ha craufieaor npocropa, sajenao

ca cnpaTHOM KOHCTpyKUl1jOM I1 npOJIa3l1Ma 113Mel)y srpana I1JII1 nOCe6Hl1X oneneisa jezmor

anan,a, rosope na ce pann 0 HeKaKBOM nsopy. )J,a JII1 je pe-r 0 nsopy I1 ql1jl1 je OH Morao

6HTI1, HJIH je pe-r 0 HeKaKBI1M 3aje)],Hl1qKI1M rpahennnaaa rpetia na noxazce HaCTaBaK

ncxonasaa,a. 06jeKaT 11 je OCTaTaK KyJIe - ocaarpa-nraue, C 063l1pOM zta je Morao 6l1Tl1

BI1COK npexo 10m.

Crapnjy <Pa3Y 0)], OBI1X ofijexara npencrasrsa pOB na npocropy 06jeKTa 13. POB je

HCTpa)KeH y )],y)KI1HI1 0)], 9,60 m, nmpane je 0,80 m, I1 HaCTaBJha ce npexra sanany. Hserosa

naxseaa nuje jacua. Mnahy <Pa3Y 0)], rpyne ofijexara 11-14, npencrasrsa 06jeKaT 17, KOjl1

anje I1CTpa)KeH )],0 xpaja, OH je npasoyraoae OCHOBe, I1 npI16JII1)KHI1X ynyrpannsnx

)],HMeH3Hja 10,40x6 m. 311)],OM je 6110 nozrersen na ztse, npI16JII1)KHO jennaxe npocropnje.

0)], 06jeKTa je caxyaau TeMeJhHI1 pOB nmpaae 0,80 m.

0)], 06jeKTa 16 I1CTpa)KeH je caxro yrao, ca ynpaBHI1M 311)],OBI1Ma )],y)KI1Ha 14 I1 6,60 m.

)J,HMeH311je 06jeKTa xao I1 n.erona naneaa ce sa cazia He Mory o)],pe)],I1TI1. TeXHI1Ka rpamse

je )],OHeKJIe CJIl1qHa rpamsn 311)],OBa 06jeKTa 11-14 3aTO WTO ce I1 OB)],e 113Mel)y nsa pena

6aJIBaHa Ha6l1ja 3eMJha. Mel)YTI1M, y OBOM 06jeKTy cy 6aJIBaHl1nOJIaraHI1 nonopasno a He

n06HjaHl1 ycnpasao. 111l1pl1Ha 311JJ,a je OKO 2 m, OJJ,HOCHO 0,5 m neha Hero 311)],OBa

ofijexara 11-14.

Otijexatu 18

TeMeJhHI1 pOB KOjl1 orpahyje sehy nOBpWI1Hy ql1HI1 06jeKaT 18. I1cTpa)KeH je caxro

JJ,eJIHMl1qHO npl1JII1KOM 3aWTl1THHX ncxonanaa.a sajenno ca 06jeKToM 9 I1 jour HeKI1M

MaIhI1M YKOnI1Ma. 06JIl1K OCHOBe nnje CaCBI1M jacan l1aKO ce MO)Ke HaCJIYTI1TI1 na je 6110

71

Tnacaax CAL( 15-16 (1999-2000) Hcrpasomaxxa panoan l1 pacnpase

urecroyraou. L(y)l(l1Ha crpane xoja je ncxonana y ncnocrn je 17 m. Ca ynyrpannse crpane06jeKTa, nacnpasr cpeznure OBe crpane, ncrpaaceno je 7 jasra 0)], cTy60Ba, ofipaljemtx na

l1CTl1 Ha'il1H xao l1 KO)], cojexara 11-14. CTy60Bl1 cy rpaneaoaznro pacnopeheaa.Beposaruo cy HOCl1nl1 zrpseay KOHCTpyKUl1jy npncnorseay ya jenaa 3l1)], 06jeKTa 18 ca

ynyrpaunse crpane. Hasreaa onor 06jeKTa unje CaCBl1M jacna, Moxee ce npernocraaarn

na je pe-r 0 0)],6paM6eHoM 06jeI<Ty, a KOHcTpyKUl1ja ys a.eros jyrOl1CTOqHl1 3l1)], l1Mana je

ynory xyne-ocnarpa-maue.

*Mehy rrOKpeTHl1M apxeo.nouncasr aanaausca ca onor uanasnurra )],oMl1Hl1pa

rpn-rapaja (T. XI-XII) l1 sernnca 6poj ynoxiaxa )l(l1BOT11lhCKl1X KOCTl1jy. Bmue 0)], 99%rpa-rapnje je paheno ru.eraa.ea. Y06l1'iajeH je 11360p anarxn aa nonyrraunjy xoja ce

6aBIlJ1a 3eMJhOpa)],lhoM H CTO'iapCTBoM. To cy ztenona »cpsn.esa H Gpycesn pahenn 0)],

KaMeHa, KOWTaHa W11na l1 nrne, rnanean rrpWJheHU11 aa spereaa, rB03)],eHl1 HO)l(eBl1,)J,J1eTa, nrpaaxe y Bl1)],y QeTBOpOHo)l(He )l(l1BOTl1lhe (T. XIII). Y 'rpyny )l(l1BOTl1lhe 0)],rnnae

OCTaBJbeHH cy Manl1 OTBOpl1 aa nore 0)], zrpsera. Ilpoaaheao je Bl1We KOMa)],a rB03)],eHe

urn.axe, WTO CBe)],O'il1 0 MeTanyprl1jH rsoxdta l1 nl1BaQKOM H KOBaQKOM aaaary.

Mehy KOCTl1Ma npenoanaro je 11 HeKOnl1KO ynoxiaxa Jby)],CKHX. Ha OBOM

Hana3l1WTY )],0 cana Hl1je oTKpHBeHo crapnje rpofirse, WTO 3HaQl1 zta cy re KOCTH

caapesrene nacersy. L(enOBl1 JbY)],CKl1X KOCTl1jy Y apxeonoutxosr cnojy rtpnnaztajy

nornaymoa TOKOM 6l1TKe y caMOM HaCeJbY, KOjl1 Hl1Ka)],a Hl1CY caxpan.ena.

7. I'ynapoui, "ITr IT06e)],a"

Jloxarnrrer ce nanaan na nyry l13Meljy cena I'ynapoura l1 CBeTHneBa, y

aenocpertaoj 6JIl13l1Hl1 Flon.oupuspenaor ra3)],HHCTBa "IT06e)],a". 3aIIITl1THl1M

apXeOJIOWKl1M ncxonaaaa.aaa L(paraHa AHljeJIHna (Sason sa 3aIIIT11TY CrrOMeHl1Ka

xyrrrype Bojaozmae 113 HOBor Carta) 1995. rozraue, ncrpaxena je jenna nonyaeuyruma.L(l1MeH311je cy 6HJIe 2,50xl,80 m a yxonaaa je OKO 0,80 m. Y je)],HoM yrrry CaQyBaHH cy

OCTaUl1 3eMJbaHe KaJIOTaCTe neha. Hcnyny 06jeKTa, nopen TaMHO MpKe 3eMJhe, 'il1HHJIO je

BpJIO MaJIO Cl1THl1X yJIOMaKa rpasapuje pahennx Benl1HOM rrseraa.esr (T. XIV).

8. KOJIyT, "Bahan"

CeBepOHCTO'iHO 0)],KOJIyTa, na crapoj 06aJIl1 pexane ITJIa30BHn, ynarsen OKO 6 km0)], uenrpa cena, HaJIa3l1 ce apXeOJIOWKl1 nOKaJIHTeT "Bahaa", Ha 6JIaroj nanann ourrpe

oxyxe pexe, exnna Myseja Bojnornme OTKpl1J1a je OBO HaJIa3l1WTe 1994. rO)],HHe. ITOWTO

TOK ITJIa30BHna BpJIO xpuayzta l1 nozra ce pa3JIl1Ba, OKOnHl1 aM611jeHT je l1 )],0 nanac

6apCI<H. Apxeorrounco ncxonaaatse 06aBJheHO je na rtoapumna 0)],35 m2. Yrspheao je na

na nOKaJIHTeTy nocroje 6ap rma cnoja, Crapnja npnnana rrpaacropnjn, BepOBaTHO

nepnozry CTapQeBaQKe xyrrrype, )],OK je MJIaljH panocpemsosexoana. Hseroso 6JIl1)1(e

naroaaa,e aa cana ce MO)l(e onpeztemrrn y 5. - noxerax 6. sexa.

I1CTpa)l(eHje jenan cpemsonexoann 06jeKaT. To je yxon aa xyhy npasoyraoaor06JIHKa xoja je 611JIa ztyra 4,70 a umpoxa 3 m. Kyha je 6HJIa yxonana OKO 0,70 m 0)],

nonpunme TJIa. ITo)], je Mopao 6l1Tl1 npaena, 3aTO WTO ce ncnozt rsera HaJIa3e zraa yxona,

xojn cy MOfJIl1 l1MaTl1 aaxieay .rpanona O)],HOCHO noztpyxrcxor npocropa. Behn yxorr je

72

C. TpI1CpyHOBI-di

Jll1MeH311ja 2,80x2,60 m, a MaIhl1 3x 1,40 m. )J.HO OBl1X yxona HaJIa311JIO ce na 1,85 mpeJIaTl1BHe Jly611He, 'rj. 1,15 m ncnon Hl1BOa nozta xyhe. YKOrrl1 cy 611JIl1 ncnyisenaOTnaJlHl1M MaTepI1jaJIOM: )l{l1BOTl1IhCKl1M KOCTl1Ma, YJIOMUl1Ma rpnxapaje, nenerroxr,

rapezcoxr 11 JIerrOM, UITO rOBOpI1 na je yxon aa xyhy 113ry6I10 CBOjy rrpB06I1THy naxreny, 11

zta je CJIy)l{110 sa ornanny jawy. KepaMI1Ka naheaa ynyrap yxona He MO)l{e ce pasnsojarnaa OHy 113 apevena ynorpefie xyhe 11 OHy 113 npeneaa sacanaa,a rsenor yxona, To yxasyjerra ce )l{l1BOT y HaCeJbY anje npexnnao rro IheHOM aanyurran.y.

I'pa-iapaja je Benl1HOM paheua rrseraisev 11 nesena na orsopeaoj BaTpI1. OJl

06JIl1Ka pacnosnajy ce JIOHUl1 11 BplIlHI1Ul1 Y najaehen 6pojy, JlOK cy xpyacne nnoxe 3HaTHO

pehe, a 3JleJIe BpJIO perxe (T.XV). Cnenadm-ran HaJIa3 ql1HI1 ztyrasxa UI1JIl1HJlpl1QHa

zrpunca xoja je BepOBaTHO npnnanana rroce6HOM 06JIl1Ky aM<pope (T. XV/17). HeKOJIl1KO

YJIOMaKa rOBOpl1 0 ynorpetin ml1HeHl1X KOTJIl1na. Mnoro MaI-be je aacrynrsena rpnuapnjapahena aa 6p30M Bl1TJIY (T. XV/1-9). OJl 06JIl1Ka je npencrann.ajy yrnasaov JIOHUl1 11

60KaJIl1. Ilpoaahen je 11 jenan yJIOMaK JIOHua pahenor na crropOM Bl1TJIY (T. XV/19).

Tlopen osor, nponahenn cy yJIOMUl1 nsa )l{pBI-ba 11 nna 6pyca.

9. KOJIyT, "PI1TCKa JlOJIl1Ha"

OBO HaJIa311lIlTe CMelIlTeHO je na OKO 2 km cenepno OJl cena KOJIyTa KOJl COM60pa.

OJl rrraaaor TOKa )J.yHaBa YJlaJbeHO je 7 JlO 8 km a OJl Hajl1CTOQHl1jer pyxasna )J.yHaBa 2,5

JlO 3 km. HaJlMOpCKa BI1CI1Ha je 89 m lIlTO je OKO 5 Menpa nmnrse OJl OKOJIHOr pI1TCKOr

'repena ca aananae crpane JIOKaJIl1TeTa. Ha 06aJII1 je ")J.oIher PI1Ta" KOjl1 ce npocrnpel1CTOQHO OJl BOJleHOr TOKa. Ilocne II CBeTCKor para JIOKaJII1TeT je 3HaTHO ourrehenOJlHOlIleI-beM aexirse aa npanrsea,e nacnna, xao 11 rrpOJIaCKOM aC¢aJITHOr nyra 11

)l{eJIe3Hl1QKe rrpyre. )J.aHac HaJIa311lIlTe 3aXBaTa noapunnry OJl OKO 4 xexrapa,

JIoKaJII1TeT je OTKpl1BeH 1994. rOJlI1He pexoraocnaparsesr xoje je cnposeo MysejBojBOJll1He. Here ronaae 06aBJbeHa cy apXeOJIOlIlKa I1CKOrraBaIha na nonpunnm OJl 130

m2. 3aKJbYQeHO je na ce pann 0 HaCeJbI1Ma113 6ap nsa nepnona. Crapnja nepacn MO)l{e ce

JlaTOBaTl1 MaJI06pojHl1M HaJIa311Ma y KaCHl1 JIaTeHCKI1 l1JII1 paHOpl1MCKI1 nepnon, 113

MJIal)er cnoja ca HaJIa311Ma 6. nexa, l1CKOrraHO je 4 06jeKTa. 06jeKTl1 1 11 4 6l1JIl1 cy xyhe,a ofijexar 2 je BeJIl1Kl1 rpan. Hasrena ofijexra 3 naje jacna; pana ce 0 MaI-boj

Ul1JIl1HJlPl1QHOj jaMl1, Jly611He 0,65 m, ca HeKOJIl1KO yJIOMaKa rpaxapaje 11 )l{I1BOTI1IhCKI1X

KOCTl1jy, OJl KOjl1X cy nexe ropene.

Fpavapnja nponaheaa y "Pl1TCKOj )J.OJII1HI1" aspahauana je rrseraisexr (OKO 80%)

11 aa 6p30M BI1TJIY (20%). Mehy nocynasra paheam« rrserarsea HaJIa3e ce CKOpO

l1CKJbYQl1BO JIOHUl1, OCI1MjeJlHOr yJIOMKa xpyacne rrJIOQe 112 yJIOMKa BplIlHI1Ka (T. XVI/15;

XVII/22-38). OJl yxpaca, aa JIOHUl1Maje npncyrno OTI1CKI1BaIhe jasnma npcrosr rro 060JlY

11 peTKO ypeaasaa.e BaJIOBl1Tl1X JII1Hl1ja QellIJbeM. Meljy nocynasra paljeHI1M na 6p30M

Bl1TJIY, npl1CYTHl1 cy JIOHUl1, 3JleJIe, nexapn 11 KpQa311 (T. XVI/4-14; XVII/l-13). OBe

nocyzre ce yxpamanajy ypeaaaaisexr BOJlOpaBHI1X 11 BaJIOBl1TI1X JIl1Hl1ja, xao 11 rna-ran.ea.

Oojexatu I

Kyha (T. XVI) yxonana OKO 1 m OJl canauuse nospnmne TJIa I1MaJIa je xpyxoryOCHOBy, Jll1MeH311ja 3,50x3,60 m. )J.y)l{ nanua yxona, He3HaTHO 3aKOllIeHl1X npoaaheno je

ocasr java sa ztpseae cryfiose, npaaoyraonor 11 xpyacnor 06JII1Ka. Jasre cy 611JIe npexaaxa

73

rJIaCmIK CA,l], 15-16 (1999-2000) HCTpa)l{HBay.KH panona H pacnpase

0,25 )],0 0,40 m H yxonane ncnozt nona xyhe sa 0,30 m. TIo lbHXOBOM yjemraseaoj«

paaxiaxy, KOjH je )],ynJIO nehn jezmuo H3Meljy zme jawe aa jyroncro-moj CTpaHH,

saxn.y-ryje ce zra je ca 're crpane 6HO yJIa3. 3H)],OBH cy 6HJIH BepOBaTHO 0)], rmerepa06JIenJbeHOr 6JIaTOM, WTO noxasyje seha KOJIHy.HHa nponahenor nerra ca OTHCl.I,HMa

npyha. KPOB xyhe je 6HO xynacr HJIH KaJIOTaCT, 3aTO WTO cy cTy60BH KOjH cy Y.HHHJIH

KOCTyp 3H)],a 6HJIH n06HjaHH nozt OWTpHM yrnoxs. Ha ceBepOHCTOY.Hoj crpaannponahena je nOBpWHHa JIaKO aane-rene 3eMJbe, xoja CBe)],Oy.H 0 nocrojan.y ora.aurra

aa TOM MecTy. Ty je nponahen zteo xaxrenor )l{pBlha (T. XVII 1), xao H KaMeHH 6pyc

(T. XVII2). Y ncnyan 06jeKTa nponahene cy MaJI06pojHe )l{HBOTHlbCKe KOCTH H

)],eJIOBI1 nocyna, Tlocefiaa HaJIa3 je nco 3eMJbaHe nepne (T. XVII3).

Otijexatu 4

Maampecronao ce npaaoyraonou nOBpwHHOM nena, )],HMeH3Hja 6,40x4 m (T. XVII).Pa)],H ce 0 xyhn xoja je 3H)],OBHMa 6HJIa opajenrucana xa crpaaaxra CBeTa, H

3eMJbaHHM nO)],OM aa 0,55 m peJIaTHBHe )],y6HHe. 3H)],OBH xyhe cy BepOBaTHO rpahenn0)], rinerepa 06JIenJbeHOr 6JIaTOM, 063HpOM na HaJIa3e rrena ca OTHCl.I,HMa npyha.HeKH )],eJIOBH 3H)],OBa HJIHTaBaH nOBe3HBaHH cy rB03)],eHHM KJIHHOBHMa. Ynyrap xyhenpouaheao je xpyzcno ortsaurre HJIH )],HO KaJIOTaCTe nehn, ovyaanor npe-maxa 0,40m. CJIHY.HO orrsnurre naheno je H ca CnOJbHe crpaae jyxcnor 3H)],a. Ha nOBpwHHH

xyhe nponahenn cy YJIOMl.I,H rpirrapaje, )l{HBOTHlbCKe KOCTH, rB03)],eHH KJIHHOBH H

npyrn rrpensrern - fipycean, rrpurrseana aa npereno, rB03)],eHH HO)l{ H zreo rB03)],eHHX)l{BaJIa (T. XVII/15- 21).

Otijekau; 2

Tpan y BH)],y 6ay.BacTor yxona, nyfioxor 2,40 m H najneher npe-nnnca 1,65 m.

Y acnyaa yxona nponaheno je cner-a HeKOJIHKO yJIOMaKa rpn-rapnje H )l{HBOTHlbCKHX

KOCTHjy, HeKOJIHKO CHTHHX KOMa)],a 6poH3aHor JIHMa H OKJIOn xopa.ase.

10. AnaTHH, "Marapehn MJIHH"

OBO HaJIa3HWTe CMeWTeHO je OKO 4 km jyxcno 0)], AnaTHHa, na nOTe3Y"Marapehn MJIHH". TIoTe3 ce HaJIa3H na crapoj 06aJIH jemror 0)], pyxasana ,l],yHaBa.

0)], HHBoa norte y ncxanaunsesr KOpHTy yanarnyro je 2 )],0 3 m. Je)],HHa apXeOJIOWKa

ncrpaxcnaau.a na OBOM JIOKaJIHTeTy BpWHO je BJIa)],HMHp JIeKoBHn 1987. rO)],HHe, xao

3aWTHTHa acxonaaan.a 3aBo)],a sa 3awTHTy cnOMeHHKa xynrype Bojnormne.JIoKaJIHTeT je BHWeCJIojaH, ca KyJITypHO-XpOHOJIOlilKHM pacnonosr 0)], HeOJIHTa )],0

cpeznser sexa. 0)], panocpezusonexonnax HaJIa3a ncrpaacena je jezma nOJIy3eMyHHl.I,a,

yxonana 1,1 m 0)], caapesrene nOBpWHHe TJIa. TIOJIY3eMYHHl.I,a je 6HJIa HenpaBHJIHO

npanoyraone OCHOBe, )],HMeH3Hja 2,6x2 m. Ha ceBepOHCTOY.Hoj crpann yxona je 6HO

OTBOp aa 3eMJbaHY neh, xoja ce HaJIa3HJIa BaH 3H)],OBa xyhe, Tleh je BepOBaTHO 6HJIa

xpyzcae OCHOBe, npe-maxa OKO 1 m. Y aacnny yxoria 0)], nOKpeTHHX HaJIa3a 6HJIH cyyJIOMl.I,H rpa-rapnje H )l{HBOTHlbCKe KOCTH. Tpn-rapnja ce MO)l{e no)],eJIHTH na OHy

paheny r a.e'raa.exr (T. XVIIII9-24) H nocyne pahene na 6p30M BHTJIy (T. XVIIIIl-8).Ilopen rpa-rapaje H3 6. sexa nponahenn cy yJIOMl.I,H rpnsapnje 4. sexa, xao HeHeOJIHTCKHX nccyna.

74

11. TYPHja, "Tlorifiapa"

JIoKaJIHTeT je CMeUlTeH na rpenn y pHTCKOM rrojacy 3BaHOM Tlonfiapa, y arapy TypnjeKO,IJ, Cp606paHa. COH,IJ,a)l{Ha saurnrraa apxeonounca ncrconaaaisa BO,IJ,HO je ,lJ.paraH

Aahemth 1995. Tana je ucrpazcena jenaa norryseayaaua, yxonana 1 m. ,lJ.HMeH3Hje yxona cy

6Hne 3,70x3,20 m. Hcnyny 06jeKTa je qHHHna TaMHO MpKa 3eMJba ca spno MaJIO ynoxiaxa

rpaxapaje paheae nseraa.ea H jenan rnHHeHH npmrsenax (T. XIX). Y nonyseayanna HHje

YOqeHO ortsnurre HnH neh, Tlpexra HaJIa3HMa, 06jeKaT ce MO)l{e ,IJ,aTOBaTH y xpaj 6-7. BeK.

12. Ilanej, "Bannsesaxa"

JIOKaJIHTeT ceHaITa3H OKO 3 km HCTO~O O,IJ, Ilaneja, na jeruroj O,IJ, rpeztay pHTCKOM rrojacy,

OKO ynrha peke 3naTHUe y THCY. Tpena je umpaae 200 ,IJ,O 250 m H y O,IJ,HOcy na OKOITHH 'repen

H3,IJ,HrHyTa je 2 ,IJ,O 2,5 m, ,IJ,O Ha,IJ,MOpCKe BHCHHe O,IJ, 81 m. Hanasnnrre je peracrposaao 1994. O,IJ,

crpane exnne Myseja BojBO,IJ,HHe. Ilo rrOBplllHHCKHM HaITa3HMa MO)l{e ce3aKJbyqHTH,IJ,a cenacerse

npyxca OKO 500 m ,IJ,y)l{ rpeae. Apxeonourxa ncxonasan.a COH,IJ,a)l{Hor xapaxrepa 06aBHITa je

TOKOM 1994. H 1995. rO,IJ,HHe exana Myseja BojBO,IJ,HHe na yxynnoj nospntaan O,IJ, 300 m2.

Tlpeaa ,IJ,OCa,IJ,alllIhHM ncrpaaoisaaaoaa, na nOKanHTeTY ,IJ,oMHHHpajy HaITa3H ca xpaja 6.­noxerxa 7. sexa, YH)'Tap 06jeKTa 2 naheaa je Haje,IJ,HOM orpaunseaoa MeCTY rpmapnja 9. sexa.BepOBaTHO ce pa,IJ,H 0 rrnHTKO yxonanoxi 06jeKTY npexo yxona 6. sexa, KOjH mrje Morao 6HTH

jacao O,IJ,eJbeH.

Otijextuu 1-3

Ha jyroncro-moj crpaan nanasnnrrancrpaxena cy TpH yxona BenHKHX ,IJ,HMeH3Hja,

ca MaITHM Mel)yc06HHM pacrojan.eu, Yxonncy 6HnH aenpaanmurx OCHOBa cnenehnx,IJ,HMeH3Hja: 06jeKaT 1 - 7,5x4,2 m, 06jeKaT 2(err. 5) - 14x5,60 m, 06jeKaT 3 - 8,80x8,10 m.

3H,IJ,OBH H ,IJ,Ha OBHX yKorra cy 6HITH Bpno

aenpasnnna, cyxcanana cy ce HnH

norxonasann y CTpaHY. ,lJ.oIhe KOTe yxona cyce xperane O,IJ, 0,5 ,IJ,O 2,20 m penarnsne

,IJ,y6HHe. Hcnyna CBHX yxona 6Hna je O,IJ, TaMHO

MpKe 3eMJbe npourapane cnojeaasra nenena H

rapeaor, 06HJbeM yrroxraxa rpnxapaje H

)l{HBOTHlhCKHX KOCTHjy, a nopen IhHX

npuin.eaun, neo )l{pBIha, 6pyc, HO)l{eBH, urnno,

nrrra (T. XXII). Ilponaheno je H HCrrO,IJ, 1%ynosiaxa KaCHOaHTHqKHX nocyna 4. nexa. C

TI1M Y Be3H rpefia nanosreuyra ,IJ,a ce nacen.e 4.sexa na nOKaITHTeTy "Llnrnaaa" KO,IJ, IlanejaHaITa3H aa OKO 1,5 km y,IJ,aJbeHOCTH O,IJ, onor

nanasaurra. Ilocefiny 3aHI1MJbHBOCT qHHe

6pOjHH nanasn rB03,IJ,eHe urn.axe H qeCTH

aanaan KaMeHa pa3nHqHTHX spcra.

Cn. 5 - IIaqej "Buuueeeaua", otijexau; 2Fig. 5 - Padej "Visnjevaca", object 2

75

rrraCHI1K CA,[( 15-16 (1999-2000)

OrmCaHI1 yKOrrI1 cy aarprtaan OTrra,n:HI1M MaTepI1jarroM. Kaxo cy HaCTarrI111 qeMy cy

crrY)KI1rrI1 HI1je CaCBI1M jacao. Ha TI1M MeCTI1Maxonaao je necao 'rne, ann HI1je I13BeCHO rta

rrI1 360r caxre 3eMJbe, I1rrI1 360r nexe CI1pOBI1He xoja ce y n.oj nanasnna. TparOBI1

MeTarrypmje rsoxdja yxasyjy na Morylie nocrojan.e T3B. 6rraTHI1X pyzta rBO)Kl)a I1lhI1XOBy

excnnoaraunjy. TaKBy nperrrocrasxy norxpenrsyje 11 nanas rpyveaa XI1,n:poreTI1Taca OKO

30% rBO)Kl)a. Bahea,e 3eMJbe aa ofinenrsasaa,e 3I1,n:OBa ozt nnerepa sa cazta HI1je

nornpheno y je,n:I1HOM I1CTpa)KeHOMcTaM6eHoM 06jeKTy, 3aTO lllTO nen HI1je nahen,

Otijexaiu 4 (err. 6)

Ha aanannoj CTpaHlI Harra3I1111Ta

I1CTpa)KeHa je jeznra xyha-aexrynnuayxonana no penarasae ,n:y6I1He on 2 m.Kyha ce cacrojana on ,n:Be cranfienenpocropnje cnojene XO,n:HI1KOM, ,n:I1MeH3I1ja

3,20x2,60 m 11 2,50x2,10 m. Y nacranxy je

6110 Tparr xpyacne OCROBe, KpYlllKOrrI1KOr

npecexa, OTBopeH npesra sran.ojrrpOCTOpI1jI1. ,[(HO rpana je 6I1rro npexaaxa1,5 m. Y nehoj rrpOCTOpI1jI1, ys sananaa 3I1,n:

6I1rra je yxonana xanoracra neh, npe-ranxaOCHOBe 1 m. Crpane npocropnja HI1CY

CaCBI1M pasae, rra ce MO)Ke rrpeTrrOCTaBI1TI1

zta cy 3I1,n:OBI1 6I1rrI1 ,n:pBeHI1 (T. XXI).

*I'pnxapaja 6-7. sexa sacrynrseaa je

,n:oMaliI1M nocynasra pal)eHI1M rtseratsew,

xao 11 nocynasra pal)eHI1M na 6p30M BI1Trry,

xoje cy BepOBaTHO rrp0I13BO,n: BI13aHTI1jcKI1X

pa,n:I10HI1ua. Mehy YB03HOM rpn-rapajoupaaasnajy ce rrOHUI1 11 KpQa3I1 (T. XX/34-39).Y nosrahoj nponaaoznsn rrpI1CYTHI1 cy

rrOHUI1, anerre, BplllHI1UI1, mrryrrnsrapxe,60KarrI1, aM<pope (T. XX/I-33).

ClI. 6 - JIaqej "Buuoeeeaua", o6jeKam 4, 3eMYHw/aFig. 6 - Padej "Visnjevaca", object 4. dugout

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K 0 P Ii um E H Ii Ii C TOP Ii J C K Ii Ii 3 BOP Ii:

Ammiani Marcellini, Rerum gestarum libri, Berolini 1910-1915, Jf360pu sa EbJlzapcKailla UCillOpUH,

Cotpna, 1958, 116-190; Hciuopuja (npeserra M. Ml1JIl1H), Eeorpazr, 1998.Chronicon Anonymi regis notarii, Gesta Hungarorum, Scriptores rerum Hungaricum I, Fpaha sauctuopujy Eeoepaqa y cpeqteeu eetcy, Beorpan, 1951.Constantini Porphyrogeniti, De Administrando Imperio, ed. Gy. Moravcsik, Budapest, 1949,

BMI1HJ II, Beorpan, 1959.Jordanis, Getica, Recensuit Th. Mommsen, MGH V, 1,AA Berolini 1882, 1-200, HEH II, COcj:lH}I,

1958,326-367.Menandros, Excerpta de legationibus, ed. C. de Boor, Berlin, 1903, I, 170-221, II 442-447 BHHHJI, 1955, 85-98.Miracula S. Demetrii I, ed. C. Byeus, PG 116 (1891) col. 1203-1324, BHHHJ 1,1955,173-184.Prisci, Fragmenta, ed. L. Dindorf, Historici graeci minores I, Lipsiae 1870, 275-352, BHHHJ I,1955,7-16.Procopius, Bellum Gothicum, ed. 1. Haury, Lipsiae 1906, BHHHJ 1,1955,17-72.Pseudo Mauricius, Strategicon, ed. 1. Scheffer, Upsaliae 1864, BHHHJ 1,1955, 127-141.Tabula Peutingeriana, Monumenta Cartographica Iugoslaviae I, 1974.Tacitus Publius Cornelius, Germania, Agricola, Razgovor 0 govornicima, Beograd 1969.Teophanis, Cronographia, rec. C. de Boor I, Lipsiae 1883, BHHHJ 1,1955,217-237.Thcophylacti Simocattae, Historiae, ed. C. de Boor, Lipsiae 1887, BHHHJ I, 1955, 103-126.

79

Tnacnax CA,U 15-16 (1999-2000)

C K P A li E H HUE:

PBM PaD. BojBol)aHCKl1X My3cja, HOBl1 CaD.PMB PaD. Myseja BojBOD.lmC, HOBl1 CaD.Fnacanx CALI: I'nacnax Cpncxor Apxecnouncor LI:pYlliTBa, BeorpanBHHHJ Bl13aHTl1jcKl1 113BOpH aa HCTOpHjy napona Jyrocnaanje, Beorpan

Y,UK: 904(497.113)"03/06"

SETTLEMENTS OF LlMIGANTES AND SLAVS IN BANAT AND BACKA

In the 4th century Ammianus Marcellinus gave information about two groups ofinhabitants that he named Limigantes or Sarmatian slaves and Free Sarmatians (SarmataeLiberi). Described characteristics of Limigantes are corresponding to farmers whilecharacteristics of Free Sarmatians are corresponding to nomads - Sarmatians the horse-riders.After the year 332 Limigantes managed to liberate themselves from their masters Sarmatiansby driving them away. Roman army attacked Limigantes in 358 in order to defend the existingorder and interests of Sarmatians that were Roman clients. Limigantes in Banat managed toretain their territory and after that they not mentioned under that name in the historical sources.

At the beginning of the Great Migration the conditions were favorable forimmigration of some new Slavs in Pannonia. The itinerary of rhetor Priscus describing thejourney of a Byzantine delegation to Atilla, in 448, suggests that Slavic population was themajority in Banat and Backa. In the middle of the 6th century Jordanes is explicit that Slavslive from the mouth of the Drava river (Mursijansko blato) to the Dniestar, which means alsoin Banat and Backa. When Avars arrived in 567 part of the Slavs withdrew before them whileothers surrendered to them. Under Avarian rule the Slavs in Banat and Backa are mentionedby Menander and Theophilactus Simocata in connection with fights between Avars andByzantine army. The collapse of the Avarian power in 626 made possible more independentdevelopment of the Slavs.

The archaeological investigations of the sites dating from the 4th to the 7th century inthe territory of Backa and Banat are, for the time being rather modest. The finds from the 4thcentury cemeteries and settlements, which generally do not come from archaeologicalexcavations, .were explained as Sarmatian as a result of the uncritical reading of writtensources. Such interpretation originated in Hungarian archaeology while in Romanianarchaeology the finds from this period were attributed to the autochthonous Romanizedpopulation. In contrast to the previous period the settlements from the period of GreatMigration were almost unknown in Banat and Backa until recently. The Museum ofVojvodinaconducted between 1993 and 1996 archaeological excavations on several new sites. Newfinds, for the first time with complete archaeological documentation, make possible the newcomprehension of this period in Backa and Banat.

The problems of the Late Roman settlements in the southeastern Pannonia wereconsidered on the basis of investigations conducted in Baranda near Opovo, Padej near Coka,Banatski Karlovac and Alibunar. It was established that these settlements were situated by

80

C. Tpnrpyaoaah Hacersa fll1Ml1raHaTa 11 CJlOBeHa y Eanary 11 Baxxoj

large marshes, even a couple of kilometers far from the main river course. Houses constructedabove the ground were, up to now, excavated only in Baranda while semi dugouts wereinvestigated at all the sites. Both types were constructed oftimber and roofs were covered withreeds or straw. In some of them the remains of hearths with clay floor were discovered. Thedugout houses had sides 3 to 4 meters long and they were up to 2 meters deep. The aboveground houses in Baranda had sides 4 to 8 meters long. Additional, economic features in thesesettlements were pits for food storage. They could have been inside the houses as well as intheir vicinity. There are analogous dwelling structures in the adjacent regions in Hungary andRomania but also in the far away regions, within Chernyahov, Kiev and Psevorsk cultures.

The settlements from the period of Great Migration discovered in Banat and Backaare 'Stub 76' near Horgos, 'Bacan' and 'Ritska dolina' near Kolut, 'Visnjevaca' near Padej, 'PGPobeda' in Gunaros and 'Podbara' in Turija. The positions of the settlements remained similarto those from the 4th century. The above ground houses were investigated at Horgos (one) andin Kolut (also one). They were probably constructed of horizontally laid logs or planks. Thesides were up to 6 meters long. The semi dugouts were discovered at all the sites. They wereexcavated in the ground from 0.7 to 2 meters. In the houses were hearths, earthen or stoneovens. At almost all sites pits for food storage were discovered. Planned organization of thesettlement could be examined in Horgos where the settlement was situated on a small island.In the center were shrine and a tower, palace made of timber was at one side and the semidugouts were on the other side of the islet. Representative buildings from Horgos give to thissite a specific importance.

The economy of the inhabitants was based on agriculture and cattle breeding. It isconfirmed by the pits and pithoi for food storage, querns, whetstones, imprints of millet, wheatand other cereals on the pottery and the bones of domesticated animals (cattle, sheep, pig). Thearchaeological finds confirm practicing of various crafts - carpentry, blacksmith's trade,casting, weaving, leather working as well as pottery making. The trade was carried out withthe regions of the Roman Empire but also with the regions across the Carpathians. From theperiod of Great Migration there are many data about metallurgy (iron slag near Padej, imprintsof textiles on the pottery from Horgos, Padej and Kolut 'Bacan').

During the 4th century locally produced pottery was made by throwing on the slowand fast wheel. Imported Roman pottery was mostly tableware but high quality cooking potswere also found. As for the architecture, the analogies for the vessels could be found in theother regions of the Pannonian basin and in the contemporaneous cultures of central andeastern Europe. Among the 5th-7th century pottery predominate the vessels produced bythrowing. The vessels made on the slow and fast wheel produced before the Hunnish invasionor in some of Byzantine centers in the 5th and 6th century appear in a very small proportion.The main characteristic of the pottery produced by throwing is adding of various additives,most frequently chamotte and organic materials and rather infrequently sand, gravel, calciteand shell. The food could have been cooked in pots, saucepans and cauldrons or baked onvarious types earthenware utensils (crepulja, disk, vrsnik, topka). Large pots for food storagewere produced and as tableware, bowls were sometimes used. Great diversity of the pot shapescould be explained by mixture of population from different regions, what is an expectedsituation for the time of Great Migration. Romaic inhabitants among the Slavs in Horgos areconfirmed by the fragments of pots produced by throwing and similar in shape to the Late

81

fJIaCHI1K CA)..( 15-16 (1999-2000) I1cTpa:>KI1BaQKI1 pa,LJ,OBI1 11 pacnpase

Roman vessels produced on the fast wheel and fragments of pots produced on the fast wheelbut of coarse fabric and poorly fired.

The vessels of saucepan type discovered in Horgos, Gunaros and Padej have noanalogies. The vessels of similar shape but with lugs for suspension above the fire were usedas cauldrons. The analogies are known from the sites in Hercegovina. Circular plates andshallow baking trays Ccrepulja') are most frequently found in the areas of Pen'kovka and

Kolochin culture and on the settlements of Ipotesti-Ciurel-Cindesti type although they arerarely found also on the sites of the Prague culture in central Europe. Analogies for 'vrsnik'type utensils are known from Hungary where they are dated into the late Avarian period andon Serbian sites in the Balkans. 'Topka' vessels shaped like a truncated pyramid discoveredexclusively at Horgos are closer to the models found in the Balkans than in the central andeastern Europe. Deep bowls of conical shape from Horgos are the continuance of the similarshape from Baranda and Padej dating from the 4th century. Such bowls from the time of GreatMigration are known among the finds of 'zlechovskeho typu' from the territory of Slovakia.Shallow bowls with inverted rim found at Visnjevaca near Padej are very similar to the 6thcentury bowls from Dalmatia.

For the time being the duration of the Late Roman settlements could, roughly, bedivided in two phases. The first, from the end of3rd up to the middle ofthe 4th century, belongsettlements at 'Ciglana' in Baranda, 'Male livade' and 'Seliste' near Alibunar and 'Ciglana-stariiskop' near Banatski Karlovac. To the second phase, from the end of 4th century to its end orthe beginning of the 5th century, belong settlements 'Ciglana' near Padej and 'Kalvarija' nearBanatski Karlovac. Period from the beginning of the Hunnish rule until the disintegration ofAvarian khaganate in 626 could be divided in three archaeological phases. To the first phase,up to approximately the year 460 belong the first of three layers at the settlement at Horgosand perhaps the settlement at Gunaros. Next phase, until the arrival of Avars in 567, is theperiod of independent Slavic culture. To this period should be ascribed settlements at Horgos(second and third horizon), 'Bacan' and 'Ritska dolina' near Kolut and 'Magareci mlin' nearApatin. To the third phase belong settlements 'Visnjevaca' near Padej and 'Podbara' nearTurija.

These investigations confirmed the continuity of the sedentary way of living from theLate Roman period until the Early medieval period in Banat and Backa. Economy based onagriculture and cattle-breeding, consistent use of millet in the diet, position of settlements nearthe water, semi dugout dwelling structures, efficient use of monoxyles and rafts and otherconfirmed data from the written sources distinguish the investigated sites as Slavic. With Slavsin Pannonia almost always lived some of the nomads that shift from time to time (Sarmatians,Huns, Koutrigures, Avars) without any ethnic continuity. They did not left any remains ofhabitations so they can be investigated only on the basis of their cemeteries. It turned out thatsupposition ofSarmatians as the only inhabitants of Banat and Backa in the Late Roman timesis untenable. We archaeologically distinguished the culture of Limigantes in the 4th century aswell as archaeological characteristics of the Horgos type sites in the 5th-7th centuries. Theseresults could be just introduction in the future systematic and multidisciplinary investigationsof the Slavic archaeology.

Translated by Mirjana Vukmanovic

82

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1. 6ap8HA8 "I..\MrnaHa"2. AnM6ytlap "M8I1s lIMea,qS"3. 6BH. KaPIIOB84

"I..\MrnaHB-cTapM MCKOn"4. 6aH. l<aPJ1oBB4 "K81IBapMja"5. nllAsj"I..\MrnBHa"6. Xoprow "CTy6 76"7. rytlapow "nr n06BAB"8. Konyr"6atlBH"9. Konyr"PMTCKB A01IMHB"

10. AnaTMH "MarapetiM MlIMH"11.TYPMja "noAOapa"12. nllAsj"BMwIbBBB"Ia"

KapUla 1 - Hacen.a JIuAIU2(l1wUla UCnoeeua 4. qo 7. eesaMap 1 - Settlements ofLimigantes and Slavsfrom the 4th to the 7th century

E::%?1 npaWKa

~ HnOTeWTH

F=d ne"HOBCHa

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Kapuia2 - CI07116eHU, BenequUAHUlu iipeua Jopqauyu paciiopeq CJW«eHCKUX «ymuypay 6.eexy flo E.E. CeqoeyMali2 - TheSclavs, Vencdis andAnts afterJordan and thedistribution oftheSlavcultures in the 6thcenturyafter V V Sedov

83

fJIaCHl1K CA.LJ, 15-16 (1999-2000) I1cTpa)Kl1Ba4Kl1 panoan 11 pacnpase

1. Gyoma2. flpeuioa3. iIlrOnOML-t4.4epenL-tH5.50BWL-tB6. AeMjaHL-tB

-r", "---.• 7. PL-tnHL-tB8.3ajape9. POL-tWTe10. YIbaHoBKa11. KL-tCeJbeBKa12. BL-t6nL-t13. KL-tpejeBKa14. C!>OpoCToBwm15. JlaBpL-tKOB nec

Kaptua 3 - KaCfWallt7111'IKe «yuuiype 170B.B. Ceqoey II nanasuuuua ca allaJl02/1OA{ epusapujouMap 3 - Late classical cultures after V. V. Sedov and the sites with analogous pottery

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Kaptua 3a - Iietaa» «apiue 1Map 3a - Detail of the map 1

84

C. TpH<pyHOBHll

o 10I , , , I I I I I I I

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19 '\ ~'.' I

Tatina J - Eapanqa "IJUZJlaJw" 4. 6CK: 1-6 pU.MCKa epnuapuja; 7-36 epnuapuja qouahe uspaqeTable 1 - Baranda "Ciglana" 4th century: 1-6 Roman pottery. 7-36 pottery of local manufacture

85

[JIaCHI1K CA)..( 15-16 (1999-2000)

I

7-I II II I1 \

,:~ 15

\ \

..>..'....::.... : .. "

Tatina II - Eapauqa "Lluenaua" 4. 6eK: 1-15 epnuapuja qouahe uspaqeTable II - Baranda "Ciglana" 4th century: 1-15 pottery oflocal manufacture

86

Hacersa JI11M11raHaTa 11 Cnosena y Banary 11 Ba-ncoj

oI

';~re·tl_c::::l ..' t

3

5I

5

1

,I

2pc S ~_.,~

n 4

8 9

10

Taiina III - Eapanqa "Lluenaua" 4. 6eK: I :JICp6Wb, 2-4 «nun II Kilal/(jJe; 5-6 qenoeu 1I0:JICe6a; 7 tuuno; 8-9ttpuosenuu: 10 6pyc

Table III - Baranda "Ciglana" 4th century: I grindstone, 2-4 wedge and cramp; 5-6 fragmen ts ofknives; 7- awl;8-9 spindle-whorls; 10 hone

87

[JIaCHlH< CAJI. 15-16 (1999-2000) I1cTpa)KHBaQI<l1 paAOBH H pacrtpase

I

:~w

\~, nmV!3V

~

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5

q I5

f I

Ta6JIU IV - Auutiynap "Mane nueaqe" 4. ee«: uoepuiuucxu uanasu epuuapuje, 1-3 pUMCKa; 4-27 qouahe uspaqeTable IV - Alibunar "Malelivade"4th century:surfacefinds ofpottery; 1-3Romanpottery, 4-27 potteryoflocalmanufacture

88

C. TpHCpyHOBI111 Hacersa JII1Ml1raHaTa 11 CJIOBeHa y Banary 11 Baxxoj

oI

5I

Ta6Ra V - Eanatucsu Kap.7U/iUlI "!.(U2/lGiIa - ciuapu UCKOI1" 4. 6eK: iiocyqa sa aJlKOXOJl

Table V - Banatski Karlovac "Ciglana - stari iskop" 4th century: alcohol recipient

89

rJIaCHI1K CA)J; 15-16 (1999-2000) I1cTpa)l{I1Bal.J:KI1 pa,L(OBI1 11 pacnpase

o! !

10, I

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Ta6J1i.I VI- Eauatuc»..tu Kapnoeau "Kansapuja", o6jeKaUlI, 4.6eK: 1-5, 16-2Izpll'Klpuja qouahe U3paqe: 6-15pUMCKa Zpll'KlpujaTable VI- BanatskiKarlovac"Kalvarija", object I, 4thcentury: 1-5, 16-21potterycflocal manufacture; 6-15Romanpottery

90

c. TpI1CpyHOBl1n Hacersa fll1Ml1raHan I1 CJlOBeHa y Banary 11 Ba-ncoj

I

II

I

IJ

II

I

25

\ \\ \

\ \

13 ' \

~' .

16 c.', ~".,~--

Tatina VII- Tlaqe] "Lluenaua" 4. «etc: 1-6 pustcka ?pll'tapllja; 7-25 zpnuapuja qouahe uspaqeTahle VII- Padej, "Ciglana'' 4th century: 1-6 Roman pottery; 7-25 pottery Of local manufacture

91

rJIaCHl1K CA)J, 15-16 (1999-2000) I1cTpa)l(l1BaY:Kl1 pazrosa 11 pacnpase

Taiina VIIJ - Ilaqej "Iluenana" 4. 6eK: 1-25 epnuapuja qOMaIJe uspaqeTable VIJI - Padej, "Ciglana" 4th century: 1-25 pottery of local manufacture

92

c. Tpndiyuonnh Hacersa JIHMHraHaTa H Cnoseaa y Banary Ii Baxxoj

1

Tu6;/(/ IX - Rage} "L(1I2RW/(/" 4. ee«: 1 KRU3(//b/{a; 2-3 upuouenuu; 4 cepqno; 5 qeo notnca

Table IX - Padej, "Ciglana" 4th century: 1 - skate; 2-3 spindle-whorls; 4- borer; 5- knife fragment

93

I'nacanx CA)J, 15-16 (1999-2000)

~~ p:.'.·.'.',·,·:··.:..'.'·.r.'•.•.:.'..'·.'.".-.'••..'.:.'.'.:.~'...,.c,•..'.:.;,•.o...','.".'.;.:.'.•'.:~,.,....;f.,.,.[!jJ'.;'{'....,', ...:"5 .'•.•...: 'U''',:p'.'.:: -": ... "':.}

5 ..'<,':'::.'/' , ,.,,;/\ ';:,,>', '::, ...'..>:.~_.:~~.:'.:.: ... ",~':·:.':t· I, . ,~. - - .-- , ":':';\' ~, ,

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I1cTpa)Kl1BaQKl1 panonn 11 pacnpase

1:::0. "-

I

II

IJ,

II

Tatina X - Ilaqej "Lluenaua'', otijesaui 16, 4, 6eK: 1-12 zjJwtapuja qouahe uspaqe 13-28 zepuaucuu zjJljlJapujaTable X - Padej, "Ciglana", object 16, 4th century: 1-12 pottery of local manufacture; 13-28 German pottery

94

Hacersa JIl1MI1raHaTa 11 CJIOBeHa y Banary 11 Eaxxoj

'2!5i...~,. - \

Tu6/Ia XI - Xopeoui "Ciuyt) 76" 5. 6eK: 1-39 epnuapuja qouahe uspaqeTable XI - l Iorgos "Stub 76" 5th century: 1-39 pottery oflocal manufacture

95

I'nacruuc CA,l], 15-16 (1999-2000) I1cTpa)l<YIBalJ:KI1 pa)l,OBI1 11 pacrrpase

~19

~20

:t 37I

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Taiina XlI- XOpZOUI "Ctuyt) 76" 5. Beg: 1-15, 19-23zpwwpuja cutpauo> uopekna; 16-18,24-43 zpnuapuja qouahe uspaqe

Table XII- Ilorgo§ "Stub 76" 5th century: 1-15, 19-23pottery offoreign origin; 16-18, 24-43pottery oflocal manufacture

96

C. Tpnrpyaonah Hacersa JlI1Ml1raHaTa I1 Cnosena y Baaary I1 Basxoj

2

: !.

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Tatina XIII- XOP20Ul "Ctuyb 76" 5. 6eK: 1 enuuena uzpanxa; 2 KlIU3a/bKa; 3-5 uiuna; 6 qpuoca oq «ocuiu: 76pyc;8-13 upuoeenuu; 14-21 2603qeflu upequetuu

Table XIII - Horgos "Stub 76" 5th century: I clay toy; 2 skate; 3-5 awls; 6 bone handle; 7 hone; 8-13 spindle­whorls; 14-2 I iron objects.

97

Fnacanx CA,[( 15-16 (1999-2000) Hcrpaxoraasxa paztosa H pacnpane

{ --_..__.. .-.. ,- . _.

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Table XIV - Gunaros "PG Pobeda", object 1, 5th century: 1-11pottery of local manufacture

98

C. Tparpyaonah Hacersa JIlfMlfraHaTa If CnOBeHa y Baaary If Ba-ncoj

1c;R-----

17

l1L. \15Y'~

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11_===_=_J k~;(ii :J12 _::::.:.: I fl-;;;" ...... .:"'"'

Ta6!1i1 XV - Konyui"Bahan" o6jeKalTl 1,5-6.ee«:1-9Zpf/l{aplga cmpaHoz uopesna (POMejCKa); 10-27zpH'I£/puja qouaheuspaqeTable XV - Kolut "Bacan"object1, 5th-6th century: 1-9potterycfforeignorigin(Byzantine);10-27 potteryoflocalmanufacture

99

[rraCHI1K CA,U 15-16 (1999-2000)

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Ta6JIa XVI- KOflYCU "PuCUCKa qonuua''. otijexatu 1, 6. BeK: 1 qeo »cpetea; 2 qeo 6pyca; 3 sexosana uepna; 4-14

2jJit'lajJuja CCU1X/H02 uopexna: 15 2pll~apuja qouahe uspaqe

Table XVI - Kolut "Ritska dolina'', object 1, 6th century: 1 grindstone fragment; 2 honefragment; 3 earth bead;4-14 pottery of foreign origin; 15 pottery oflocal manufacture

100

C. Tparpyaonah Hacersa J1I1Ml1raHaTa 11 Cnosena y Banary 11 Basxoj

~31J,,~,

.,32 "

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o s:;;::s;&~.)

<6)1:.~5tr .. ~-, b8:D'~-- ~l;~';..OC39. :' /1,, I

_:. 11:-17 18

~o22_23

Ta6J1a XVlI - Konyta "Puaicsa qonuua", otijexatu 4, 6. 6eK: 1-13 ZpH'J{lpuja ctupauoz uopexna (pouejcxa); 22-32ZpHlJapuja qouahe uspaqe; 14 qeo tipyca, 15 qeo :>JC6aJla; 16 HO:>JC,' 17-18 upuoseuuu: 19-20 KJlUH06U; 21 qpuo:a

Table XViI - Kolut "Ritska dolina': object4, 6th century: 1-13potteryofforeignorigin(Byzantine);22-32potteryoflocalmanufacture; 14 honefragment; 15fragmentofsnaifle-bit; 16 knife;17-18spindle-whorls; 19-20wedges; 21 handle.

101

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frraCHI1K CA,[.( 15-16 (1999-2000)

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,~ ,.-..-'

:\

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I1CTpa:>KI1Bal.{KI1 panonn 11 pacnpane

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I

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20\~ \

Ta6!lG XVIIf- AiiamuJI"M'azapehu MIlUIt ", oojexau: 1,6.BeK: 1-82plt'IQpllja CmpaH02 uopesna; 9-242plt'IQpuja qouaheuspaqeTable XVIII- Apatin"Magareci mlin", object1, 6thcentury: 1-8potteryofforeignorigin; 9-24potteryoflocalmanufacture

102

c. TpIf<PYHOBIfn Hacersa JIIfMIfraHaTa If CJIOBeHa y Baaary If Basxoj

oI

o, 5•

8

Ta6J1a XIX - Typuja "Iloqiiapa'', otijexau; 1, 6-7. 6eK: zpnnapuja qouahe uspaqeTable XIX - Turija "Podbara", object I, 6th-7th century: pottery of local manufacture

103

[naCHHK CA)J; 15-16 (1999-2000) I1cTpa:>KHBatIKH pa,lJ;OBH H pacnpase

Ta6JU1 X¥ - Ilaqej "Buuoeeeaua" 6-7.6eK: 1-33zpH'Illpllja qouaheuspaqe; 34-38zpH'Illpllja cuipanoe uopesna (pouejcxa)Table X¥ - Padej "Vi.vnjevaca" 6th-7thcentwy:1-33potteryoflocalmanllfacture:34-38 potterya/foreign origin(Byzantine)

104

C. Tparpynonah Hacersa JII1Ml1raHaTa 11 Cnoseaa y Banary 11 Basxoj

\\ .

22

Ta6JIaXXI - Ilaqej "Buian.eeaua", otijekaui 4,6-7. 6eK: 1-21 ZpH'lapu}a qouahe uspaqe; 22 ZpH'lapu}a cuipauosuopetoia (pouejcxa)

Table XXI - Pade} "Visnjevaca", object 4. 6th-7th century: 1-21 pottery of local manufacture; 22 pottery offoreign origin (Byzantine)

105

Fnacnmc CA)l. 15-16 (1999-2000) Hcrpaxorsauxn pa;:J;OBH H pacnpase

5I

3

o,

2~-

(]:)..

I i··.·,.·l.I ... ;~_.", ?:;.:.-

12

14 l::dO r--_-I~, '-1.·..\I

" .,- .

Tabna XXII - IJaqej "BIIUlH:>e6a'W" 6-7. 6eK: 1-2 uiuna: 3 «ouuuauu upequetu; 4-7 2603qe/ll1 upequeuiu; 8-12upuoeeuuu; 13 tuezsaupescy; 14 6pyc

Tahle XXI!- Padej "/..Hnjevaca". 6th-7th centwy: 1-2 awls:3 boneobjects: 4-7 ironobjects: 8-12spindle-whorls; 13 net-weight:14hone

106