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NA
SA/E
SMD
Ana
logu
e M
issi
on P
lans
2nd
INTE
RN
ATI
ON
AL
WO
RK
SHO
PEx
plor
ing
Mar
s an
d its
Ear
th A
nalo
gues
June
200
7S
teph
en J
Hof
fman
, Ph.
D.
Sci
ence
App
licat
ions
Inte
rnat
iona
l Cor
p.st
ephe
n.j.h
offm
an@
saic
.com
https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=20070022437 2018-06-07T18:38:05+00:00Z
2
ESM
D G
oals
for t
he U
se o
f Ear
th A
nalo
gues
•Le
arn
–R
educ
e ris
k to
cre
ws
for h
uman
sur
face
mis
sion
s to
the
Moo
n an
d M
ars
•Id
entif
y ha
zard
s (a
nd d
evel
op m
itiga
tions
) on
Ear
th lo
ng b
efor
e th
ey a
rise
in fl
ight
–Le
arn
wha
t wor
ks a
nd w
hat d
oesn
’t w
ork
for s
urfa
ce e
xplo
ratio
n m
issi
ons
•Te
st–
Valid
ate
surfa
ce m
issi
on d
esig
ns•
Long
dur
atio
n pr
esen
ce•
Out
post
bui
ldup
•H
uman
& ro
botic
role
s–
Dem
onst
rate
inte
grat
ed u
se o
f pro
duct
s fro
m m
ultip
le C
xPpr
ojec
ts
•Va
lidat
e ha
rdw
are/
softw
are
perfo
rman
ce u
nder
real
istic
con
ditio
ns, a
s co
mm
ande
d by
cre
ws
and/
or m
issi
on
cont
rol
•Id
entif
y pe
rform
ance
sho
rtfal
ls in
sys
tem
s an
d su
ppor
t ite
rativ
ete
stin
g–
Valid
ate
mis
sion
ope
ratio
ns d
esig
ns•
Mis
sion
Ope
ratio
ns (M
issi
on C
ontro
l) fu
nctio
ns fo
r the
se m
issi
ons
–In
fluen
ce e
ngin
eerin
g an
d pa
yloa
d sy
stem
des
igns
via
ear
ly u
se in
real
istic
situ
atio
ns–
Enab
le s
urfa
ce s
cien
ce b
y de
mon
stra
ting
inte
grat
ion
of s
cien
ce a
ctiv
ities
and
pay
load
s in
to
surfa
ce e
xplo
ratio
n m
issi
on a
ctiv
ities
•Tr
ain
–R
educ
e ris
k to
cre
ws
and
to m
issi
on o
bjec
tives
•Im
prov
e cr
ew a
nd M
issi
on C
ontro
l tea
m re
adin
ess
for s
urfa
ce a
ctiv
ities
•In
crea
se m
issi
on e
ffici
ency
and
effe
ctiv
enes
s by
eva
luat
ing
com
petin
g ap
proa
ches
ear
ly
•E
ngag
e–
Hel
p su
stai
n th
e ex
cite
men
t of e
xplo
ratio
n fo
r the
pub
lic w
ell b
efor
e m
issi
ons
beco
me
real
ity
3
Stak
ehol
ders
Sum
mar
y
Uni
vers
ities
Com
mer
cial
Ops
Com
mun
ity•
Und
erst
and
com
bine
dop
erat
ions
leve
ragi
ng
dive
rse
reso
urce
s.
Syst
ems
•Sy
stem
val
idat
ion
•Sy
stem
of s
yste
m
inte
ract
ion
•In
terf
ace
spec
ifica
tion
and
valid
atio
n
Gen
eral
Publ
ic
Req
uire
men
ts•
Arc
hite
ctur
e tra
des
•C
once
pt o
f ope
ratio
ns•
Ver
ify/V
alid
ate
Inte
rnat
iona
lC
omm
unity
Spac
e F
light
Ope
ratio
ns M
issi
on
Dir
ecto
rate
Scie
nce
Mis
sion
Dir
ecto
rate
Ana
log
Mis
sion
In
itiat
ive
Oth
er U
S G
over
nmen
t
Res
earc
h an
d T
echn
olog
y•
Tech
nolo
gy R
equi
rem
ents
•C
apab
ility
Dem
onst
ratio
ns
Oth
er M
issi
on
Dir
ecto
rate
s
Exp
lora
tion
Syst
ems
Mis
sion
Dir
ecto
rate
Con
stel
latio
n Pr
ogra
m
Off
ice
Ext
erna
l C
omm
unity
4
Issu
es w
ith C
urre
nt A
nalo
gue
Situ
atio
n
•To
o m
uch
is b
eing
man
aged
indi
vidu
ally
–An
alog
mis
sion
s ha
ve b
een
happ
enin
g on
thei
r ow
n fo
r pas
t yea
rs•
Util
izin
g “d
own-
time”
and
exce
ss fu
ndin
g
–G
reat
er n
eed
for a
nalo
gs d
icta
tes
a ne
w p
roce
ss w
hich
can
han
dle
mor
e ac
tiviti
es
•B
udge
t iss
ues
crea
te a
n un
certa
in fu
ture
for a
nalo
g m
issi
ons
–“E
xtra
”fun
ding
is n
o lo
nger
ava
ilabl
e or
is n
ot re
liabl
e–
Anal
ogs
may
not
be
able
to m
aint
ain
infra
stru
ctur
e if
futu
re m
issi
ons
are
not j
ustif
ied
•“B
eg/B
orro
w/S
teal
”app
roac
h is
not
effe
ctiv
e in
kee
ping
the
focu
s on
rele
vant
resu
lts
•C
orpo
rate
kno
wle
dge
is n
ot b
eing
cap
ture
d w
ell a
nd/o
r dis
sem
inat
ed:
–An
alog
s da
ting
back
to th
e 19
60’s
hav
e al
read
y pr
oduc
ed a
nsw
ers
to q
uest
ions
that
are
bei
ng
aske
d ag
ain
in th
e 20
00’s
–M
any
answ
ers
may
retir
e w
ith th
e “th
ird g
ener
atio
n”of
spa
ce e
xplo
rers
–An
alog
s try
ing
to a
nsw
er th
e sa
me
ques
tion
coul
d be
nefit
from
col
labo
ratio
n•
Don
’t w
ant t
o pe
rform
sam
e ob
ject
ives
twic
e•
Impo
rtant
obj
ectiv
es c
ould
use
two
sepa
rate
per
spec
tives
•C
omm
on T
hrea
d: L
ack
of c
omm
unic
atio
n an
d ex
posu
reLa
ck o
f com
mun
icat
ion
and
expo
sure
Des
ert
RA
TS ‘0
7
NE
EM
O-1
2
HM
P‘0
7
$ Fu
nds
$
•__
____
____
__•
____
____
____
•__
____
____
__•
____
____
____
Cur
rent
sta
te o
f Ana
logu
es
Sta
keho
lder
s:•O
rgan
izat
ions
with
ana
log
inte
rest
s an
d ob
ject
ives
Ext
. Gov
t.In
tl P
artn
erC
omm
erci
alU
nive
rsity
•__
____
____
__•
____
____
____
•__
____
____
__•
____
____
____
•__
____
____
__•
____
____
____
•__
____
____
__•
____
____
____
•__
____
____
__•
____
____
____
•__
____
____
__•
____
____
____
•__
____
____
__•
____
____
____
•__
____
____
__•
____
____
____
•__
____
____
__•
____
____
____
•__
____
____
__•
____
____
____
•__
____
____
__•
____
____
____
•__
____
____
__•
____
____
____
Anal
og
Cap
abilit
ies:
•Site
cha
ract
eris
tics
•Cap
abilit
ies
•Fac
ilitie
s•O
verh
ead
cost
s
DE
SER
T R
ATS
•__
____
____
__•
____
____
____
•__
____
____
__
NE
EM
O•
____
____
____
•__
____
____
__•
____
____
____
HM
P•
____
____
____
•__
____
____
__•
____
____
____
Ext
erna
lA
nalo
g
“Initi
ator
”:•T
ies
anal
og &
sta
keho
lder
•Ask
s st
akeh
olde
r for
nee
ds•A
sks
spon
sor f
or fu
nds
•Fin
ds s
uita
ble
anal
og•M
anag
es a
nalo
g m
issi
on
Exte
rnal
Stak
ehol
ders
Nee
ds
….others….
Indi
vidu
al O
bjec
tive:
•Nee
d (Q
uest
ion
to A
nsw
er)
•Ben
efits
of A
nsw
er•A
ssoc
iate
d fu
ndin
g so
urce
Mis
sion
•Pla
nnin
g an
d ex
ecut
ion
•Ext
erna
l fac
ilitie
s ut
ilized
(E
xPO
C, T
DR
SS
, etc
..)
Rep
ort
•Pub
licsu
mm
ary
of e
vent
•Les
sons
lear
ned
•Lis
t of f
acilit
ies
and
parti
cipa
nts
•Lis
t of P
OC
sfo
r m
ore
deta
iled
repo
rt
NA
SA Inst
itutio
ns
Pro
gram
s
Pro
ject
s
Par
tner
ship
s
NA
SASt
akeh
olde
rs
HM
P•
____
____
____
•__
____
____
__•
____
____
____
Des
ert
RA
TS ‘0
7
NE
EM
O-1
2
HM
P‘0
7
DE
SER
T R
ATS
•__
____
____
__•
____
____
____
•__
____
____
__
NE
EM
O•
____
____
____
•__
____
____
__•
____
____
____
Exte
rnal
Impl
emen
tatio
n Pl
an (S
econ
d St
ep)
•__
____
____
__•
____
____
____
•__
____
____
__•
____
____
____
•__
____
____
__•
____
____
____
•__
____
____
__•
____
____
____
•__
____
____
__•
____
____
____
•__
____
____
__•
____
____
____
•__
____
____
__•
____
____
____
•__
____
____
__•
____
____
____
•__
____
____
__•
____
____
____
•__
____
____
__•
____
____
____
•__
____
____
__•
____
____
____
•__
____
____
__•
____
____
____
•__
____
____
__•
____
____
____
•__
____
____
__•
____
____
____
Cap
abilit
ies
•Allo
ws
POC
s to
mat
ch n
eed
with
cap
abilit
y
....
... .
... .
... .
Sta
keho
lder
s:•O
rgan
izat
ions
with
ana
log
inte
rest
s an
d ob
ject
ives
Ext
. Gov
t.In
tl P
artn
erC
omm
erci
alU
nive
rsity
$ Fu
nds
$
Nee
ds
Nee
ds•A
llow
s St
akeh
olde
rs a
nd
POC
sto
mat
ch n
eed
with
ca
pabi
lity
“Initi
ator
”:•T
ies
anal
og &
sta
keho
lder
•Ask
s st
akeh
olde
r for
nee
ds•A
sks
spon
sor f
or fu
nds
•Fin
ds s
uita
ble
anal
og•M
anag
es a
nalo
g m
issi
on
Ext
erna
lA
nalo
g
Indi
vidu
al O
bjec
tive:
•Nee
d (Q
uest
ion
to A
nsw
er)
•Ben
efits
of A
nsw
er•A
ssoc
iate
d fu
ndin
g so
urce
Anal
og
Cap
abilit
ies:
•Site
cha
ract
eris
tics
•Cap
abilit
ies
•Fac
ilitie
s•O
verh
ead
cost
s
Mis
sion
•Pla
nnin
g an
d ex
ecut
ion
•Ext
erna
l fac
ilitie
s ut
ilized
(E
xPO
C, T
DR
SS
, etc
..)
1
1
Rep
orts
•“Le
sson
s Le
arne
d”ar
e ea
sily
acc
essi
ble
•Hel
ps p
reve
nt re
peat
wor
kRep
ort
•Pub
licsu
mm
ary
of e
vent
•Les
sons
lear
ned
•Lis
t of f
acilit
ies
and
parti
cipa
nts
•Lis
t of P
OC
sfo
r m
ore
deta
iled
repo
rt•S
tand
ard
form
at
WEB
SITE
WEB
SITE
NA
SA Inst
itutio
ns
Pro
gram
s
Pro
ject
s
Par
tner
ship
s
NA
SASt
akeh
olde
rs
7
Rec
ent P
rogr
ess
in U
tiliz
ing
Ana
logu
es
•A
nalo
gues
Dat
abas
e an
d W
eb P
orta
l upd
ated
and
mov
ed to
a “g
reen
”se
rver
–W
eb P
orta
l is
curre
ntly
ID a
nd P
assw
ord
prot
ecte
d–
Rea
dy to
add
Apo
llo-e
ra tr
aini
ng s
ites
–R
eady
to in
corp
orat
e E
VA
less
ons-
lear
ned
data
base
com
pile
d by
NA
SA
Ast
rona
ut
Offi
ce•
Com
mun
ity b
riefin
gs re
gard
ing
plan
s an
d st
atus
–S
pace
Tec
hnol
ogy
and
Appl
icat
ions
Inte
rnat
iona
l For
um (S
TAIF
) -Fe
b 20
07•
Prim
arily
tech
nolo
gy u
sers
and
dev
elop
ers
–In
vite
d M
eetin
g at
JS
C (“
Firs
t Ana
logs
Wor
ksho
p”) –
Mar
200
7•
Tim
ed to
coi
ncid
e w
ith L
unar
and
Pla
neta
ry S
cien
ces
Con
fere
nce
(LP
SC
), so
prim
arily
sc
ienc
e us
er c
omm
unity
but
NA
SA
ana
logu
e us
ers
also
repr
esen
ted
–In
itial
“sup
plie
r”co
mm
unity
mee
ting
–M
ar 2
007
•La
rgel
y JS
C-b
ased
long
-sta
ndin
g an
alog
ues
prog
ram
s: D
eser
t Res
earc
h A
nd T
echn
olog
y S
tudi
es (D
eser
t RA
TS),
Hau
ghto
n-M
ars
Pro
gram
(HM
P),
and
NA
SA
Ext
rem
e E
nviro
nmen
t M
issi
on O
pera
tions
(NE
EM
O)
–A
rchi
tect
ure
to R
equi
rem
ents
Dev
elop
men
t Int
egra
tion
Gro
up (A
RD
IG) e
stab
lishe
d as
foca
l poi
nt fo
r Con
stel
latio
n P
rogr
am O
ffice
ana
logu
es a
ctiv
ities
•La
unch
ed “a
nalo
gs in
itiat
ive”
•Be
gin
coor
dina
tion
activ
ity a
mon
g JS
C-b
ased
ana
logu
es g
roup
s: D
eser
t RA
TS, H
MP
, and
N
EE
MO
8
Web
site
Lay
out E
xam
ple
–H
ome
Page
9
Web
site
Lay
out E
xam
ple
-Ana
logu
e Si
te
10
Web
site
Lay
out E
xam
ple
-Ana
logu
e M
issi
on
11
Obj
ectiv
es o
f AR
DIG
Ana
log
Initi
ativ
es
•In
crea
sed
visi
bilit
y of
ana
log
capa
bilit
ies
–If
orga
niza
tions
are
fam
iliar w
ith w
hat a
nalo
gs e
xist
, it i
s ea
sier
for “
initi
ator
s”to
es
tabl
ish
obje
ctiv
es
•A
dver
tisem
ent o
f Con
stel
latio
n P
rogr
am n
eeds
–
Ana
logs
wis
h to
mak
e th
eir m
issi
on re
alis
tic•
Answ
erin
g cu
rrent
NA
SA
and
Vis
ion
for S
pace
Exp
lora
tion
ques
tions
•Va
lidat
es th
eir e
xist
ence
–Tu
rns
into
“fre
e da
ta”f
or a
ctiv
e N
AS
A p
rogr
ams
•If
mor
e fid
elity
is d
esire
d, N
AS
A o
rgan
izat
ion
can
spon
sor n
ext m
issi
on, o
r ini
tiate
an
Ann
ounc
emen
t of O
ppor
tuni
ty (A
O) t
o al
low
sev
eral
ana
logs
to c
ompe
te fo
r see
d fu
ndin
g
•R
ecor
d of
pas
t mis
sion
find
ings
in a
com
mon
, sea
rcha
ble
form
at–
Sum
mar
y of
eve
nt, l
esso
ns le
arne
d, a
nd a
link
to m
ore
info
rmat
ion
Vis
ion:
To c
reat
e a
cros
s-cu
tting
Ear
th-b
ased
pro
gram
to m
inim
ize
cost
and
risk
w
hile
max
imiz
ing
the
prod
uctiv
ity o
f pla
neta
ry e
xplo
ratio
n m
issi
ons,
by
supp
ortin
g pr
ecur
sor s
yste
m d
evel
opm
ent a
nd c
arry
ing
out s
yste
m
inte
grat
ion,
test
ing,
trai
ning
, and
pub
lic e
ngag
emen
t as
an in
tegr
al p
art o
f th
e V
isio
n fo
r Spa
ce E
xplo
ratio
n.
12
Futu
re P
lans
•O
pen
Ana
logs
Dat
abas
e an
d W
eb P
orta
l to
larg
er u
ser c
omm
unity
–A
com
plet
ely
open
Web
Por
tal w
ill be
sub
ject
to N
AS
A in
tern
al re
view
and
app
rova
l–
Pro
vide
an
on-li
ne re
posi
tory
for a
nalo
gues
com
mun
ity (n
ot ju
st N
AS
A) t
o st
ore
resu
lts o
f fie
ld d
eplo
ymen
ts a
nd re
sear
ch p
ast d
eplo
ymen
ts a
nd a
ssoc
iate
d le
sson
s le
arne
d
•C
oord
inat
e an
alog
ue te
stin
g ac
tiviti
es a
mon
g E
SM
D-s
uppo
rted
team
s•
Coo
rdin
ate
with
inte
rnat
iona
l ana
logu
e te
stin
g ac
tiviti
es a
s ap
prop
riate
•E
xpan
d th
e da
taba
se o
f usa
ble
anal
ogue
site
s, m
issi
ons,
and
less
ons
lear
ned
–P
rovi
de a
n as
sess
men
t and
cha
ract
eriz
atio
n of
usa
ble
anal
ogue
site
s
•P
leas
e co
ntac
t Gib
Kirk
ham
(NA
SA
OE
R) f
or a
dditi
onal
info
rmat
ion
13
Bac
kup
Mat
eria
l
14
Con
Ops
Que
stio
n: W
hat i
s the
rel
ativ
e pr
oduc
tivity
of v
ario
us
met
hods
for
acqu
irin
g, h
andl
ing,
and
stor
ing,
with
m
inim
al h
eat-
indu
ced
alte
ratio
n, sa
mpl
es fr
om “
cold
tr
aps”
loca
ted
at th
e lu
nar
pole
s?
Exam
ple:
Col
d-Tr
ap S
ampl
e R
etur
n
Prop
osed
Ana
logu
e M
issi
on C
ompo
nent
s:Lo
catio
n: A
nalo
gue
Terr
ain
Site
(e.g
. sm
all c
rate
rs lo
cate
d at
Cin
der L
akes
or
larg
er su
ch a
s Met
eor C
rate
r)C
ontro
l Opt
ion
1: E
arth
-bas
e M
issio
n C
ontro
l (JS
C/E
xPO
C)
Hig
h-ba
ndw
idth
Com
mun
icat
ions
with
3 se
cond
tim
e-de
lay
Mul
tiple
ope
rato
rs a
vaila
ble
Con
trol O
ptio
n 2:
Cre
wed
Hab
itat-b
ased
Mis
sion
Cont
rol (
Loca
l Tra
iler)
Hig
h-ba
ndw
idth
com
mun
icat
ions
with
0.1
seco
nd ti
me-
dela
ySi
ngle
ope
rato
rC
ontro
l Opt
ion
3: E
VA
Sui
t-bas
ed M
issio
n C
ontro
l (EV
A S
uit)
Hig
h-ba
ndw
idth
com
mun
icat
ions
with
no
time-
dela
ySi
ngle
ope
rato
r usi
ng v
oice
inpu
t for
com
man
ds a
nd H
UD
for
disp
lay
Tele
oper
ated
rove
rLo
com
otio
n sy
stem
cap
able
of d
esce
ndin
g an
d as
cend
ing
repr
esen
tativ
e lu
nar c
rate
r slo
pes (
angl
e an
d ro
ughn
ess)
Inte
rfac
e ca
pabl
e of
supp
ortin
g al
tern
ativ
e sa
mpl
e ac
quis
ition
de
vice
sV
ideo
and
sens
or re
lay
and
mon
itorin
gH
eat m
anag
emen
t com
pone
nts
Cap
able
of r
emot
e dr
ivin
g co
ntro
lD
eplo
yed
alte
rnat
ive
(to ro
ver)
sam
ple
acqu
isiti
on
Con
stra
ints
on
terr
ain
plac
emen
t(e
.g. r
equi
res c
rate
rs o
f rep
rese
ntat
ive
size
and
slop
es)
Hea
t man
agem
ent c
ompo
nent
s
Sour
ceR
equi
rem
ents
HSR
&T
Spac
esui
t-bas
ed C
omm
and
and
Con
trol,
Com
mun
icat
ions
Sam
ple
hand
ling
equi
pmen
t and
pro
cedu
res
ESR
&T
Wire
less
Net
wor
ks fo
r Sur
face
Ops
(AST
P/C
CEI
)M
ultim
odal
Hum
an-A
utom
atio
n In
terf
ace
(AST
P/SI
SM)
Surf
ace
Tran
spor
t Rov
er fo
r col
d (4
0 K
) ops
(TM
P/LP
SO)
Alte
rnat
ive
sam
ple
colle
ctio
n de
vice
s for
col
d (4
0 K
) ops
Con
stel
latio
nSu
rfac
e H
abita
t Inf
rast
ruct
ure
Dep
loym
ent C
onO
ps
Ana
logu
e M
issi
on O
utco
me:
Rec
omm
enda
tion
for e
xtre
mel
y co
ld sa
mpl
e ac
quis
ition
and
han
dlin
g de
sign
s and
requ
irem
ents
Mis
sion
Tim
e vs
. Mis
sion
C
ontr
ol O
ptio
nsEa
rth-b
ase
Mis
sion
C
ontro
l (JS
C s
im)
Cre
wed
Hab
itat-b
ased
M
issi
on C
ontro
l (Lo
cal
Trai
ler s
im)
EVA
Suit-
base
d M
issi
on
Con
trol (
EVA
Sui
t sim
)
EVA
cre
w ti
me
Tota
l cre
w ti
me
(EVA
plu
s H
abita
t)
Tota
l ope
rato
r tim
e (E
VA
plus
Hab
itat p
lus
Earth
O
pera
tors
) To
tal d
eplo
ymen
t tim
e
15
Exam
ple
Site
Cha
ract
eriz
atio
n M
atrix
SITE
CH
AR
AC
TER
ISTI
CS
Terr
rain
Clim
ate
Scie
nce
Terrain Type
Slope / Grade
Rock Size Distribution
Soil
Prop
ertie
s
Temperature (variation - hi/lo)
Rel Humidity
Precipitation
Insolation
Wind (vel/dir)
Dust
Layered Sediments
Impact Features
Variety (multiple geologic environs)
Micropaleontology / fossils
Surface ice
Volcanics
Geothermal Activity
Isolation
Hostility
Gradation
Grain Morphology
Ice Content
Moisture Content
Composition
Mechanical Properties
Hum
an F
acto
rs
EMU
Tes
ting
Anc
illar
y EV
A
Syst
ems
Test
ing
Rob
otic
s/R
over
Te
stin
g
Ope
ratio
ns
Syst
em/S
cien
ce
Equi
p D
eplo
ymen
t
Geo
logy
Fie
ld
Trai
ning
Sim
ulat
ed T
rave
rses
IMPO
RTA
NC
E HI -
hig
h de
gree
of s
imila
rity
is c
ritic
al to
effe
ctiv
e an
alog
yH
IM
ED
LOW
MED
- si
mila
rity
enha
nces
ana
logy
but
is n
ot c
ritic
alLO
W -
sim
ilarit
y no
t im
porta
nt to
effe
ctiv
e an
alog
y
F U N C T I O N S
16
Inte
grat
ed A
nalo
gue
Stud
ies
-Pre
requ
isite
s fo
r Hum
an E
xplo
ratio
n
Hau
ghto
n-M
ars
H. R
emot
e Sc
ienc
eD
eser
t RA
TSM
ars D
eser
t R. S
.Fl
ashl
ine
Arc
tic R
.S.
NEE
MO
Inte
grity
Intl.
Spa
ce S
tatio
nM
ars Y
ard/
Cha
mbe
rA
ntar
ctic
/des
ert
12
34
56
78
910
Sci
ence
Val
ueS
cien
ce O
pera
tions
Tech
. Dev
elop
men
tTe
ch. I
nteg
ratio
nM
issi
on O
pera
tions
Cre
w T
rain
ing/
Bio
Hum
an F
acto
rsC
ost e
ffect
iven
ess
Out
reac
h/E
duca
tion
Ove
rall
Inte
grat
ion
Ana
logu
e Fi
eld
Stu
dies
Ele
men
tslo
whi
gh
67
9
21
54
3
108
17
Sci
ence
Val
ueN
one/
Not
app
ropr
iate
Sim
ulat
ed s
cien
ce ta
sks
or s
cien
ce
task
s no
t rel
evan
t to
plan
etar
y sc
ienc
e. L
ittle
/no
publ
isha
ble
resu
lts.
Val
id s
cien
tific
obj
ectiv
es/ta
sks
rele
vant
to fu
ture
pla
neta
ry
expl
orat
ion.
No
inte
nt to
pub
lish
scie
nce
resu
lts o
r pub
lishi
ble
scie
nce
resu
lts n
ot d
irect
ly re
leva
nt
to p
lane
tary
sci
ence
.
Pla
neta
ry s
cien
ce ta
sks
lead
to
publ
isha
ble
(pee
r-rev
iew
ed) s
cien
ce
resu
lts.
Sci
ence
Ope
ratio
nsS
cien
ce o
pera
tions
not
re
leva
nt to
futu
re m
issi
ons.
Low
fide
lity
rele
vant
sci
ence
op
erat
ions
, but
not
focu
sed
on
oper
atio
ns le
sson
s le
arne
d.
Med
ium
fide
lity
to a
ctua
l pro
ject
ed
scie
nce
proc
edur
es fo
r pla
neta
ry
surfa
ce m
issi
ons.
Qua
litat
ive
less
ons
lear
ned.
Hig
h fid
elity
of s
cien
ce p
lann
ing,
pr
oced
ures
, com
mun
icat
ions
, and
re
porti
ng to
pla
neta
ry s
urfa
ce
mis
sion
s. Q
uant
itativ
e m
etric
s.Te
chno
logy
D
evel
opm
ent
Littl
e/no
tech
nolo
gy
deve
lopm
ent
Rel
evan
t tec
hnol
ogy
used
but
not
de
velo
ped.
Prim
arily
app
licat
ion
of
exis
ting
tech
nolo
gy.
Rel
evan
t tec
hnol
ogy
deve
lope
d bu
t no
t dep
ende
nt o
n an
alog
en
viron
men
t.
New
tech
nolo
gy te
sted
by
taki
ng fu
ll ad
vant
age
of a
nalo
g en
viron
men
t.
Tech
nolo
gy In
tegr
atio
nN
one/
Not
app
ropr
iate
Diff
eren
t sys
tem
s us
ed
sim
ulta
neou
sly
but n
ot in
tegr
ated
.O
nly
a sm
all n
umbe
r of a
pplic
able
te
chno
logi
es u
sed
in a
n in
tegr
ated
fa
shio
n.
Mul
tiple
tech
nolo
gies
use
d in
an
inte
grat
ed fa
shio
n as
pro
pose
d fo
r ac
tual
mis
sion
.M
issi
on O
pera
tions
Mis
sion
ope
ratio
ns n
ot
rele
vant
to fu
ture
mis
sion
s.Lo
w fi
delit
y re
leva
nt m
issi
on
oper
atio
ns, b
ut n
ot fo
cuse
d on
op
erat
ions
less
ons
lear
ned.
Med
ium
fide
lity
to a
ctua
l pro
ject
ed
mis
sion
ope
ratio
ns fo
r pla
neta
ry
surfa
ce m
issi
ons.
Qua
litat
ive
less
ons
lear
ned.
Hig
h fid
elity
of m
issi
on p
lann
ing,
pr
oced
ures
, com
mun
icat
ions
, and
re
porti
ng to
pla
neta
ry s
urfa
ce
mis
sion
s. Q
uant
itativ
e m
etric
s.C
rew
/Tea
m T
rain
ing
Non
e/N
ot a
ppro
pria
teTa
sks
deve
lope
d to
mee
t im
med
iate
ne
eds
of te
st.
Som
e ap
plic
abili
ty to
fli
ght o
r gro
und
crew
trai
ning
.
Task
s ar
e re
pres
enta
tive
of s
pace
m
issi
on.
Alte
rnat
ive p
roce
dure
s ar
e te
sted
and
com
pare
d.
Task
s ar
e di
rect
ly a
pplic
able
to
mis
sion
pre
para
tion
for f
light
or
grou
nd c
rew
s, e
.g. m
otio
n fli
ght
sim
ulat
ors.
Hum
an F
acto
rsN
one/
Not
app
ropr
iate
Hum
an c
rew
s in
volve
d, b
ut lo
w
fidel
ity to
pla
neta
ry h
abita
ts o
r su
rface
act
ivitie
s.
Med
ium
fide
lity
habi
tat o
r sur
face
si
mul
atio
n.H
igh
fidel
ity h
abita
t or s
urfa
ce
sim
ulat
ion.
Med
icin
e/P
hysi
olog
yN
one/
Not
app
ropr
iate
Som
e st
udie
s re
leva
nt to
futu
re lo
ng-
term
hum
an m
issi
ons
Stu
dies
rele
vant
to m
aint
aini
ng c
rew
m
edic
al a
nd h
ealth
for o
rbita
l, tra
nsit,
and
/or s
urfa
ce h
uman
m
issi
ons
Dire
ct m
edic
al a
nd p
hysi
olog
ical
ex
perim
ents
on
hum
ans
in lo
ng-
dura
tion
spac
e fli
ght c
ondi
tions
Out
reac
h/E
duca
tion
Non
e/N
ot a
ppro
pria
teLo
w le
vel o
f act
ivity
. Lo
w v
isua
l co
nten
t/diff
icul
t to
expl
ain.
Not
di
rect
ly re
leva
nt to
mis
sion
.
Mod
erat
e le
vel o
f act
ivity
. M
oder
ate
visua
l con
tent
/rela
tivel
y ea
sy to
ex
plai
n. P
artia
lly re
leva
nt to
m
issi
on
Hig
h le
vel o
f act
ivity
. H
igh
visua
l co
nten
t/eas
y to
exp
lain
. D
irect
ly
rele
vant
to m
issi
on.
Ove
rall
Inte
grat
ion
Non
e/N
ot a
ppro
pria
teLo
w le
vel o
f ove
rall
coor
dina
tion
amon
g an
alog
ele
men
t (sc
ienc
e va
lue,
sci
ence
ope
ratio
ns, e
tc.)
Mod
erat
e le
vel o
f ove
rall
coor
dina
tion
amon
g an
alog
ele
men
t (s
cien
ce v
alue
, sci
ence
ope
ratio
ns,
etc.
)
Hig
h le
vel o
f ove
rall
coor
dina
tion
amon
g an
alog
ele
men
ts (s
cien
ce
valu
e, s
cien
ce o
pera
tions
, etc
.)
Rat
ing
Scal
e D
efin
ition
s
